CN101090235A - 电源转换器的控制器及备用电路 - Google Patents

电源转换器的控制器及备用电路 Download PDF

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CN101090235A
CN101090235A CNA2007101025843A CN200710102584A CN101090235A CN 101090235 A CN101090235 A CN 101090235A CN A2007101025843 A CNA2007101025843 A CN A2007101025843A CN 200710102584 A CN200710102584 A CN 200710102584A CN 101090235 A CN101090235 A CN 101090235A
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CN100547894C (zh
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杨大勇
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Fairchild Taiwan Corp
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System General Corp Taiwan
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种开/关电源转换器以便实现功率节省的备用电路。备用电路包含比较电路。比较电路耦合到电源转换器的反馈回路，以当反馈回路的反馈信号低于阈值信号时产生模式信号。电阻装置耦合到反馈回路。电阻装置的电阻响应于模式信号而增加。模式信号进一步经耦合以关闭电源转换器的切换控制电路。如此可达到节省电源的功能。

Description

电源转换器的控制器及备用电路
技术领域
本发明涉及电源转换器，特别是涉及对于切换电源转换器(switchingpower converter)的控制。
背景技术
切换电源转换器已广泛用于提供稳定的电压和电流。然而，电源转换器的切换引起传导损耗和切换损耗之类的功率损耗。切换损耗是在轻负载下显着的损耗。为了维持电源转换器的高效率，目前已开发许多技术来减小功率消耗，例如Park等人的美国专利第4,541,041号“Full load to no-load control fora voltage fed resonant inverter”；Pace等人的美国专利第5,028,861号“StrobedDC-DC converter with current regulation”；Wilcox等人的美国专利第5,481,178号“Control circuit and method for maintaining high efficiency over broad currentranges in a switching regulator circuit”；Jeffrey Hwang的美国专利第5,747,977号“Switching regulator having low power mode responsive to load powerconsumption”。然而，这些现有技术的缺点是负载的检测电路。利用迟滞比较器(hysteresis comparator)来检测电源转换器的负载状况和开/关状态。尤其当产生噪音(acoustic noise)时无法编程电源转换器的切换频率。此外，由突发切换引起的输出纹波(output ripple)是无法控制的。这些缺点是本发明要解决的主要目标。
发明内容
本发明提供一种控制电路，其包含备用电路(standby circuit)和切换控制电路(switching control circuit)。备用电路用于检测电源转换器的负载状况和开/关状态以便节省功率。备用电路包含反馈输入电路(feedback inputcircuit)和比较电路(comparison circuit)。反馈输入电路经由电源转换器的反馈回路(feedback loop)耦合到电源转换器的输出。比较电路耦合到反馈输入电路以当反馈输入电路的反馈信号(feedback signal)低于阈值信号(threshold signal)时产生模式信号(mode signal)。电阻装置(resistive device)和外部电容器耦合到反馈信号。电阻装置的电阻响应于模式信号的启用而增加。因此，反馈输入电路的阻抗响应于模式信号的变化而变化。模式信号进一步经耦合以关闭电源转换器的切换控制电路以便节省功率。与电阻装置的电阻关联的外部电容器的电容确定电源转换器的切换控制电路的关闭周期。
附图说明
本发明包含的附图提供对本发明的进一步理解，且并入本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明本发明实施例并连同描述内容一起用于阐述本发明的原理。
图1示出了电源转换器的示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明电源转换器的控制电路的优选实施例。
图3示出了振荡电路。
图4示出了切换信号波形。
具体实施方式
图1示出了电源转换器的电路示意图。控制电路90产生切换信号(switching signal)VG以响应于反馈端(feedback terminal)FB处的反馈信号VFB来调节电源转换器的输出。切换信号VG电源晶体管20以便切换变压器10。变压器10连接到电源转换器的输入电压VIN以便进行能量存储和电源传递。变压器10的能量经由整流器40和电容器45而传递到电源转换器的输出VO。电阻器30与电源晶体管20串联连接以响应于变压器10的切换电流而在电流感测端(current sense terminal)CS处产生电流信号VI。齐纳二极管(zener diode)60经由电阻器65从输出电压VO耦合到光耦合器(opto-coupler)50。光耦合器50的输出耦合到控制器90的反馈端FB以形成反馈回路。切换信号VG的脉冲宽度经调制响应于反馈信号VFB以实现对电源转换器的调节。
图2示出了根据本发明控制电路90的优选实施例。控制电路90包含备用电路100(standby circuit)和切换控制电路200。切换控制电路200用于响应于振荡信号(oscillation signal)PLS来产生切换信号VG。振荡电路300用来产生振荡信号PLS。切换控制电路200包含触发器(flip-flop)210以经由与(AND)门230产生切换信号VG。与门230的输入连接到触发器210的输出。与门230的另一输入经由反相器215连接到振荡信号PLS以限制切换信号VG的最大工作周期。触发器210响应于振荡信号PLS而启用。比较器250经耦合以重设触发器210。比较器250的正输入连接到反馈输入电路240以便进行反馈回路控制。比较器250的负输入耦合到电源转换器的电流感测端CS(图1中所示)以接收电流信号VI来进行脉冲宽度调制(pulse widthmodulation，PWM)。
备用电路100包含比较电路110、反馈输入电路240、电阻装置150和外部电容器70(图1中所示)。反馈输入电路240经由反馈端FB和电源转换器的反馈回路而耦合到电源转换器的输出。晶体管241和电阻器245、246形成反馈输入电路240。晶体管241执行电平位移(level shift)。反馈信号VFB连接到晶体管241的栅极。在晶体管241的源极处产生位移反馈信号V245。电阻器245和246进一步向位移反馈信号V245提供衰减以稳定反馈回路。电阻器245经连接以接收位移反馈信号V245。在电阻器246处产生衰减的反馈信号V246，而衰减的反馈信号V246连接到比较器250的正输入以便进行PWM控制。比较电路110耦合到反馈输入电路240以当位移反馈信号V245低于阈值信号VREF时产生模式信号LEN。
外部电容器70耦合到如图1所示的反馈端FB。电阻装置150也耦合到反馈端FB。电阻装置150和电容器70作为反馈信号VFB的低通滤波器(low-pass filter)来操作。晶体管140和电阻器120、125形成电阻装置150。电阻器120和电阻器125串联连接。晶体管140并联连接到电阻器120。模式信号LEN控制晶体管140的开/关状态。因此，电阻装置150的电阻响应于模式信号LEN的启用而增加。模式信号LEN进一步耦合到晶体管180以关闭切换控制电路200的电源VCC2以便节省功率。此外，模式信号LEN经耦合以经由晶体管260来关闭切换信号VG。
一旦切换控制电路200被关闭，电阻装置150的电阻将增加，这导致反馈信号VFB变低。当将反馈信号VFB充电达到电压VB时，切换控制电路200将再次开启。电压VB可表达为，
V B = V A × ( 1 - ϵ - T OFF R × C ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 1 )
VB＝VREF+V241---------------------------------------------(2)
其中电压VA由下式给出，
VA＝VCC-(IC×R)-------------------------------------------     (3)
IC＝CTR×ID--------------------------------------------------  (4)
I D = V O - V Z - V D R 65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 5 )
其中TOFF是切换控制电路200的关闭周期；R是电阻装置1 50的电阻；C是外部电容器70的电容；VREF是阈值信号VREF的电压；V241是晶体管241的阈值电压；IC是反馈电流，其为光耦合器50的输出电流；ID是光耦合器50的输入电流；CTR是光耦合器50的电流传递速率；VD是光耦合器50的正向电压降；VZ是齐纳二极管60的电压；R65是电阻器65的电阻。
等式(1)可改写为，
T OFF = R × C × ln ( V A V A - V B ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 6 )
与电阻装置150的电阻R关联的外部电容器70的电容C确定切换控制电路200的TOFF。反馈电流IC进一步经耦合以调节TOFF来控制电源转换器的输出纹波。
图3示出了振荡电路(oscillation circuit)300。充电电流310串联连接到开关315以便对电容器350进行充电。放电电流320串联连接到开关325以便对电容器350进行放电。因此，在电容器350上产生斜坡信号(rampsignal)RAMP。比较器370、380和与非(NAND)门375、385经由反相器390、395产生振荡信号PLS以控制开关315和325。跳变点电压(Trip-pointvoltage)VH和VL分别连接到比较器370和380。因此，斜坡信号RAMP在跳变点电压VH与VL之间摇摆。
图4示出了切换信号VG和模式信号LEN的波形。在TON周期期间启用切换信号VG。TON的周期取决于负载状况和反馈。一旦反馈信号V245低于阈值信号VREF，将启用模式信号LEN以关闭切换信号VG。TOFF周期可由外部电容器70编程以防止切换周期落入声频带。
藉由前述，本发明可利用备用电路中100的比较电路110耦合到反馈输入电路240以当位移反馈信号V245低于阈值信号VREF时产生模式信号LEN。模式信号LEN进一步耦合到晶体管180以关闭切换控制电路200的电源VCC2，如此可以节省电源。另外，因为藉由连接外部电容350，所以TOFF周期可由外部电容器70编程以防止切换周期落入声频带。
本领域的技术人员将了解，可在不脱离本发明范围或精神的情况下，可对本发明结构作出各种修改和变化。鉴于前述内容，如果本发明的修改和变化在本发明的权利要求书和其等效物的范围内，那么期望本发明涵盖那些修改和变化。

Claims (15)

1.一种电源转换器的备用电路，包括：
比较电路，耦合到所述电源转换器的反馈回路以将反馈信号与阈值信号进行比较，用于产生模式信号；以及
电阻装置，耦合到所述反馈回路；
其中所述电阻装置的电阻值响应于所述模式信号而变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源转换器的备用电路，进一步包括耦合到所述电阻装置的外部电容器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电源转换器的备用电路，其中与所述电阻装置关联的所述外部电容器确定所述电源转换器的切换控制电路的关闭周期。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电源转换器的备用电路，其中一旦所述反馈信号低于所述阈值信号，就启用所述模式信号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电源转换器的备用电路，其中当启用所述模式信号时，所述电阻装置的所述电阻值增加。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电源转换器的备用电路，其中所述模式信号经耦合以关闭所述电源转换器的所述切换控制电路以便实现功率节省。
7.一种电源转换器的控制器，包括：
备用电路，包含：
比较电路，耦合到所述电源转换器的反馈回路，以当所述反馈回路的反馈信号低于阈值信号时产生模式信号；以及
电阻装置，耦合到所述反馈回路；
其中所述电阻装置的电阻响应于所述模式信号而增加；以及
切换控制电路，产生切换信号以响应于所述模式信号来调节所述电源转换器的输出。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电源转换器的控制器，其中所述备用电路进一步包括耦合到所述电阻装置的外部电容器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电源转换器的控制器，其中与所述电阻装置关联的所述外部电容器确定所述电源转换器的所述切换控制电路的关闭周期。
10.根据权利要求7所述的电源转换器的控制器，其中所述模式信号经进一步耦合以关闭所述电源转换器的所述切换控制电路。
11.一种电源转换器的控制电路，包括：
备用电路，包含：
反馈输入电路；以及
比较电路，耦合到所述电源转换器的所述反馈输入电路，以当所述反馈输入电路的反馈信号低于阈值信号时产生模式信号；
其中所述反馈输入电路的阻抗响应于所述模式信号而变化；以及
切换控制电路，产生切换信号以响应于所述模式信号来调节所述电源转换器的输出。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电源转换器的控制电路，其中所述备用电路进一步包括耦合到所述反馈输入电路的外部电容器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电源转换器的控制电路，其中与所述反馈输入电路的所述阻抗关联的所述外部电容器确定所述电源转换器的所述切换控制电路的关闭周期。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电源转换器的控制电路，其中所述反馈输入电路的所述阻抗响应于所述模式信号的启用而增加。
15.根据权利要求11所述的电源转换器的控制电路，其中所述模式信号经耦合以关闭所述电源转换器的所述切换控制电路。
CNB2007101025843A 2007-01-19 2007-05-16 电源转换器的控制器及备用电路 Expired - Fee Related CN100547894C (zh)

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CN100547894C (zh) 2009-10-07

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