CN101083955B - 假肢装置 - Google Patents
假肢装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101083955B CN101083955B CN2005800437737A CN200580043773A CN101083955B CN 101083955 B CN101083955 B CN 101083955B CN 2005800437737 A CN2005800437737 A CN 2005800437737A CN 200580043773 A CN200580043773 A CN 200580043773A CN 101083955 B CN101083955 B CN 101083955B
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- 210000003447 amputation stump Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种假肢装置(10,20,31),该假肢装置包括用于容纳截除残肢的壳体装置和用于将所述壳体装置连接于假肢(16)的支架机构(13)。根据本发明,所述壳体装置至少包括两个彼此相对设置并围成容纳空间的壳体部件(11,12;21,22;32),所述壳体部件通过所述支架机构相互连接。所述壳体部件的相对位置可以改变。所述壳体装置至少部分具有内衬(45),该内衬中可形成真空且该内衬容纳有多个成形颗粒(46)。所述壳体装置具有用于固定所述壳体部件的相对位置的紧固机构(25,51)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种假肢装置,该假肢装置根据权利要求1所述具有用于容纳截除残肢的壳体装置和用于将所述壳体装置连接于假肢的支架机构。
背景技术
在序言中定义的这种假肢装置用于将假肢连接于由截除上或下肢而形成的截除残肢。在截除下肢的情况中,例如膝关节以下的腿部,该假肢装置可用于将假肢如腿部支承牢固连接于下肢的剩余残肢。在截除肘关节以下的前臂区域的情况中,这种假肢装置可以用于牢固连接取代人手功能的假肢抓持装置。
这种假肢装置允许将假肢机械连接于相应的关节残肢。该假肢装置通常仅在残肢复原完成后连接于有问题的身体部分。过去,在实施截肢的外科手术后,使用所谓的“临时假肢”;“临时假肢”设计为适应于随伤口的愈合而变化的截除残肢的周长。这种临时假肢主要通过施加适于相应残肢周长的圆周压力来促进消肿过程,从而有助于残肢的复原。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种序言中定义的类型的假肢装置,该装置可以在残肢复原过程中使用,也可以在残肢复原完成之后使用,以连接功能假肢。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的假肢装置而实现。
所述发明的假肢装置具有壳体装置和支架机构,所述壳体装置用于容纳截除残肢,所述支架机构用于将所述壳体装置连接于假肢,所述壳体装置包括至少两个相对设置的壳体部件,所述壳体部件围成容纳空间,所述壳体部件通过所述支架机构彼此连接,而且所述壳体部件的相对位置是可以变化的。本发明假肢装置的壳体装置至少部分设置有可抽真空的内衬,该内衬容纳有多个成形颗粒,并且所述壳体装置具有用于固定所述壳体部件的相对位置的紧固机构。
由于具有可变容纳空间的所述壳体装置与可抽真空的内衬组合在一起,可抽真空的内衬允许截除残肢总是以贴身(form-fitting)的方式容纳在所述壳体装置中,而与残肢当时的主体体积无关,因而可以始终施加有利于愈合过程的周围压力,而且由于所述壳体与使所述壳体部件彼此紧固的紧固机构相互配合,不会在截除残肢上产生压痛点。这样可以理想地有利于残肢的愈合。
另外,与所述可抽真空内衬配合的壳体装置还提供如下可能性:形成一种使力基本通过整个残肢表面从截除残肢传递到假肢(即腿支承)的装置,该假肢可以连接于支架机构。
因此,所述发明的假肢装置可以有利地以与将功能性假肢连接于截除残肢相同的方式来帮助残肢的愈合。
在所述假肢装置的优选实施方式中,所述壳体部件以如下方式连接于所述支架机构:即所述壳体部件之间的内侧距离ds以及所述壳体部件的纵向轴线之间形成的壳体开放角度αs都是可变的。第一,这允许所述壳体结构在一定范围内适应截除残肢,除此外,第二,这还有可能使所述壳体装置尽可能地打开,用于实施将假肢装置应用于截除残肢的操作,从而便于该操作过程。
如果所述壳体部件设计为具有形状弹性,并具有沿纵向方向延伸的壳体边缘,且限定所述壳体宽度的所述壳体部件的距离dw为可变的,则可以对所述壳体装置的形状进行调整。
为了改变所述壳体部件的壳体宽度dw,通过下述事实可便于所述假肢装置进行形状调整,即所述支架机构具有两个支架腿,所述两个支架腿彼此之间的距离dR是可变的,且所述支架腿通过公共支架底座彼此连接,每个所述支架腿连接于所述壳体部件的两个相对的壳体边缘中的一个。
另外,如果所述壳体部件具有用于连接于所述支架机构的支架腿的细长孔,则所述壳体部件相对于所述支架腿的位置也是可变的。
在假肢装置的优选实施方式中,邻近膝关节或肘关节设置在伸张肌侧的壳体部件(伸肌侧壳体部件)刚性地连接于所述支架腿,而设置在屈肌侧的壳体部件(屈肌侧壳体部件)可枢轴转动地安装在所述支架腿上,或反之亦然。
当所述伸肌侧壳体部件在膝区域或肘区域具有凹槽时,可以与所述关节区域进行简单的配合。
当所述伸肌侧壳体部件超过膝区域或肘区域延伸时,所述伸肌侧壳体部件还可以用于四肢的受压伸展。
然而,作为所述伸肌侧壳体部件超过所述关节延伸的该设计的另一选择,所述伸肌侧壳体部件还可以在其近端(proximal end)延伸至膝区域,所述屈肌侧壳体部件还可以在其近端超过膝区域或肘区域延伸。
如果所述屈肌侧壳体部件在其近端具有两个壳体搭板,该搭板设置有用以固定所述壳体搭板的相对位置的紧固机构,则这是具有优势的。这还允许所述壳体装置围绕在所述关节区域上。
作为所述屈肌侧壳体部件超过所述关节的设计的另一选择,所述伸肌侧壳体部件还可以在其近端延伸至膝区域或肘区域中,所述伸肌侧壳体部件设置有轨道组件(rail module),该轨道组件的近端超过膝区域或肘区域延伸,所述轨道组件的近端设置有紧固机构。
为了使所述假肢装置配合到超过关节自身的肢端,如果所述轨道组件在膝区域或肘区域设置有关节机构是具有优势的。
为了允许肢端在限定的屈曲位置被动活动,或允许在限定的范围运动或屈曲,所述关节机构可以设置有调整机构,用以调整限定的屈曲角度和/域限定的屈曲范围。
附图说明
下面参考附图,对假肢装置的优选实施方式做更详细地描述,在附图中:
图1表示假肢装置的第一实施方式的俯视图;
图2表示图1中所示的假肢装置的侧视图,其中所述壳体装置打开;
图3表示具有连接的支承部件的假肢装置的支架机构;
图4表示假肢装置的第二实施方式的俯视图;
图5表示图4中所示的假肢装置的侧视图,其中所述壳体装置打开;
图6表示假肢装置的第三实施方式的俯视图;以及
图7表示图6中所示的假肢装置的侧视图,其中所述壳体装置打开。
具体实施方式
图1表示假肢装置10的第一实施方式,假肢装置10具有处于封闭状态的腓骨壳体11和胫骨壳体12,其中,腓骨壳体11和胫骨壳体12彼此连接,并通过由两个张紧带47、48形成的紧固机构25紧固。胫骨壳体12具有膝盖开孔49,用以在截除残肢在小腿上的情况中容纳膝盖骨(未显示),该截除残肢插入假肢装置10中。
如图2所示,由假肢装置10的打开或插入位置所示,腓骨壳体11和胫骨壳体12均在末端连接于支架机构13,该支架机构显示在图3的侧视图中。支架机构13具有两个支架腿14、15,这里设计为L形,所述支架腿在其腿底座42区域连接于假肢,图3中仅表示了假肢的支承部件16。如图3所示,所述两个支架腿14、15可彼此径向替换,也就是说关于垂直轴17。在本典型实施方式中,支架腿14、15的重叠部分形成底座42,所述支承部件16连接于该底座42。支架腿14、15在其内侧与所述胫骨壳体12的外壁接触,支架腿14、15在其外侧与腓骨壳体11的内壁接触,支架腿14、15通过螺栓联接40连接于腓骨壳体11和胫骨壳体12,因而,支架腿14、15可以彼此相对枢轴旋转和/或互相连接,这样,支架腿14、15可以通过图2中所示的细长孔41彼此替换。在底座42上设置有衬垫18,用以在底座42与截除残肢19之间的临时设置。
脱离图3中的描述,支架机构13的支架腿14、15可以设计为围绕假肢的垂直轴17相对于其底座42弯曲,底座42用于连接假肢16。这样,相对于假肢行走区域可以方便地调整身体的重心和/或走路过程中产生的动态重心,因而,由于产生的横向力而作用于残肢上的不必要的载荷得以最小化。
具体如图2所示,在胫骨壳体12和腓骨壳体11中设置有真空衬垫43和/或44,该真空衬垫具有不透气的外壳45和多个设置在该衬垫内的成形颗粒,这里并没有详细显示。另外,真空衬垫43、44具有阀机构(未详细显示),利用该阀机构可以对真空衬垫43、44实施抽真空。
在如图2所示的操作结构中,假肢装置10准备插入(即置入)截除残肢19。在插入后,腓骨壳体11和胫骨壳体12朝向彼此旋转用以与残肢19贴身接触,并通过紧固机构25固定彼此的相对位置。然后,通过抽空真空衬垫43、44,实现对截除残肢19轮廓的贴身调整,因而,填充有真空衬垫43、44的模塑体与截除残肢19形成有支持作用的接触。通过上述贴身调整,对残肢的压缩作用有助于残肢的愈合。而且,由于图1所示的膝盖开孔49,所述贴身调整还允许在膝区域贴身连接,所述贴身调整还在载荷方向提供支承。因而,行走过程中的作用力由假肢装置10上的真空衬垫43、44区域吸收。
如图2和图3的视图整体所示,壳体部件11、12以如下方式连接于支架机构13:内侧距离ds和壳体开放角度αs都是可变的。为了改变壳体部件11、12的壳体宽度dw,两个支架腿14、15彼此间的距离dR是可变的,且两个支架腿均连接于壳体边缘55、56。
图4和图5表示具有与胫骨壳体21相比延长的腓骨壳体22的假肢装置20.腓骨壳体22构造为:该腓骨壳体具有股部搭板23、24,该股部搭板23、24在形成在胫骨壳体21上的膝区域50上方朝向彼此延伸,除了紧固机构25外,该股部搭板23、24具有在此由两个环带26,27形成的邻近的紧固装置51,紧固机构25具有两个张紧带47、48,该张紧带起到将所述壳体部件21和22紧固在残肢区域的作用.所述邻近的紧固装置51确保股部搭板23、24在膝部上压配合连接.如图4所示,支架机构13的支架腿14、15可以通过压力杆28、29连接于股部搭板23、24,以支持股部搭板23、24与膝部之上股部的接触.作为另一选择或除此之外,还可设置作用于胫骨壳体21的膝部搭板38、39上的压力棒36、37,所述胫骨壳体21限定膝部区域50,以促使有助于膝部之下贴身连接的膝部搭板38、39的紧密接触.
如图5所示,设置于假肢装置20内的真空衬垫30设计为整体部件,并以使彼此相对的自由衬垫边缘52、53处于腓骨区域中的方式布置。
根据另一实施方式,图6和图7表示假肢装置31,该假肢装置31具有与图4和图5中所示的假肢装置20一致的胫骨壳体21。与假肢装置20相比,假肢装置31具有相对短的腓骨壳体32(图7)。然而,此外,胫骨壳体21通过支架机构13设置有轨道组件33,所述轨道组件设置有可锁定的关节机构34和用于将所述壳体连接于股部的股部固定器35。轨道组件33可用作被动运动轨道,也就是说,以类似于图4和图5所示的假肢装置20的腓骨壳体22的方式实现受压延伸。然而,限定的受压屈曲角度可以根据关节机构34加以限定,或者枢轴旋转至固定的偏差角度范围的任意屈曲范围也可以加以限定。
通过假肢装置20和31,由支架机构13和胫骨壳体21形成的组件也可以看作为组合的基本单元54,也就是说,可以通过腓骨壳体22或胫骨壳体32和轨道组件33进行补充。
Claims (12)
1.一种假肢装置(10,20,31),该假肢装置具有壳体装置和支架机构(13),所述壳体装置用于容纳截除残肢,所述支架机构用于将所述壳体装置连接于假肢(16),由此,所述壳体装置至少包括两个壳体部件(11,12;21,22;32),所述壳体部件彼此相对设置并围成容纳空间,所述壳体部件(11,12;21,22;32)通过所述支架机构(13)彼此连接且使得所述壳体部件彼此间的内侧距离ds和所述壳体部件的纵向轴线间形成的壳体打开角度αs都是能够变化的,所述壳体装置至少部分设置有可抽真空的内衬(45),该内衬容纳有多个成形颗粒(46),所述壳体装置具有用于固定所述壳体部件的相对位置的紧固机构(25,51)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述壳体部件(11,12;21,22;32)设计为具有形状弹性,并具有沿纵向方向延伸的壳体边缘,限定壳体宽度的壳体部件的内部空间是可变的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
为了改变所述壳体部件的壳体宽度,所述支架机构(13)具有两个支架腿(14,15),所述支架腿彼此间的距离dR是可变的,并通过公共支架底座(42)连接在一起,且每个所述支架腿连接于所述壳体部件的两个相对的纵向边缘中的一个。
4.根据上述权利要求中任意一项所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述壳体部件(11,12;21,22;32)具有细长孔(41),用以连接于所述支架机构(13)的支架腿(14,15)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
设置在邻近膝关节或肘关节的截除残肢的伸肌侧的壳体部件(12,21)为伸肌侧壳体部件,该伸肌侧壳体部件(12,21)刚性连接于所述支架腿(14,15),且设置在屈肌侧的壳体部件(11,22)为屈肌侧壳体部件,该屈肌侧壳体部件(11,22)可枢轴旋转地设置在所述支架腿上,或者反之亦然。
6.根据权利要求5所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述伸肌侧壳体部件(12,21)在膝区域或肘区域具有凹槽。
7.根据权利要求6所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述伸肌侧壳体部件(12,21)超过所述膝区域或肘区域延伸。
8.根据权利要求5所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述伸肌侧壳体部件(12,21)的近端延伸至膝区域,且所述屈肌侧壳体部件(11,22)的近端超过膝区域或肘区域延伸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述屈肌侧壳体部件(11,22)的近端具有两个壳体搭板(23,24),所述壳体搭板减小所述壳体部件开口的尺寸并设置有用于固定所述壳体搭板的相对位置的另一紧固机构(51).
10.根据权利要求5所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述伸肌侧壳体部件(12,21)的近端延伸至膝区域或肘区域,并设置有轨道组件(33),该轨道组件的近端超过膝区域或肘区域延伸,并且该轨道组件的近端设置有紧固机构。
11.根据权利要求10所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述轨道组件(33)在膝区域或肘区域设置有关节机构(34)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的假肢装置,
其特征在于,
所述关节机构(34)设置有调整机构,用以调整限定的屈曲角度和/或限定的屈曲范围。
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PCT/EP2005/013944 WO2006066951A2 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Prothesenvorrichtung |
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US (1) | US20100036505A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1830742B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4523972B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101083955B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502005004847D1 (zh) |
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JP4521787B1 (ja) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-11 | 金三郎 中島 | 義足のソケット部 |
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JP4523972B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
CN101083955A (zh) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1830742B1 (de) | 2008-07-23 |
WO2006066951A3 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
JP2008523936A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
EP1830742A2 (de) | 2007-09-12 |
ES2308593T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
DE502005004847D1 (de) | 2008-09-04 |
US20100036505A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
WO2006066951A2 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
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