CN101082644B - Method for mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance - Google Patents

Method for mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance Download PDF

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CN101082644B
CN101082644B CN2007100030100A CN200710003010A CN101082644B CN 101082644 B CN101082644 B CN 101082644B CN 2007100030100 A CN2007100030100 A CN 2007100030100A CN 200710003010 A CN200710003010 A CN 200710003010A CN 101082644 B CN101082644 B CN 101082644B
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discharge
charge
measured capacitance
circuit
control module
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CN101082644A (en
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王悦
王铁军
李维森
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Rigol Technologies Inc
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王悦
王铁军
李维森
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Abstract

The invention discloses a capacitance testing device and method of mirror-image constant-current source, which comprises the following parts: tested capacitance, mirror-image constant-current charging-discharging mode, voltage detecting mode, control mode, clock generator, wherein the charging-discharging device contains constant-current source, mirror-image circuit, charging-discharging circuit, charging-discharging switch control circuit, wherein the charging current of the detected capacitance and the discharging current is a couple of mirror-image current; the control mode can measure voltage difference of capacitance at different time points to calculate capacitance values through fixing the testing time, which can measure charging time to calculate the capacitance value through fixing the voltage difference on the capacitance, in order to reach more precise and rapid testing.

Description

The method of mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to the capacitance measurement career field, relate more specifically to the field of the capacitance measurement of high-level efficiency, pinpoint accuracy.
Background of invention
Capacitance measurement is the function that many occasions need have.
Used a lot of methods to realize this function in the prior art.The present known method that testing capacitors such as resonance method, frequency method are arranged.Though these methods are with low cost, measuring accuracy is not high, Measuring Time is long, can only be used for the measurement of capacitance general.
Principle for resonance method measurement electric capacity shown in Figure 1:
The core CX-of circuit〉the V change-over circuit adopts anti-phase differential of simple Active RC and integrating circuit.Wen-bridge oscillator produces the AC signal Vr of a fixed frequency, it encourages CX-〉the V change-over circuit, obtain an alternating voltage V0 (V1) who is directly proportional with CX, through second-order bandpass filter filtering, behind the clutter beyond the filtering fixed frequency, after the AC/DC conversion, obtain the VD V that is directly proportional with CX again.Measure VD V, just can calculate CX.
In addition, adopt voltage source charging, RC circuit discharging in addition, the method for utilizing the voltage comparator sum counter to measure the duration of charging is measured capacitance.This method that discharges and recharges and the inventive method have similar part, and be not high but the method for this measurement electric capacity still has degree of accuracy, the shortcoming that discharge time is long.And when the electric capacity of different appearance values inserted, the time of discharge was that the increase with electric capacity increases.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of possess pinpoint accuracy, the short capacitance measurement method of Measuring Time.
The device and method of mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance of the present invention comprises: mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 2, voltage detection module 3, control module 4, clock generator 1, theory diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Above-mentioned mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 2 links to each other with an end A of measured capacitance 5, is used for to measured capacitance 5 charge and discharge.
Above-mentioned voltage detection module 3, input links to each other with an end A of measured capacitance 5, is used to detect the magnitude of voltage of measured capacitance 5A end.
Above-mentioned control module 4 is connected with the control end of mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 2, the break-make of control charge circuit and the break-make of discharge loop; Described control module 4 also links to each other with voltage detection module 3, obtains the information of voltage on the measured capacitance 5.
Above-mentioned mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 2 comprises constant current source 11, mirror image circuit 13, charge-discharge circuit 12, charge and discharge switch control circuit 14.
Above-mentioned constant current source 11 provides power supply for charging circuit, discharge circuit;
Above-mentioned charge-discharge circuit 12 is in order to give measured capacitance 5 chargings, discharge;
Above-mentioned mirror image circuit 13 makes the charging current I1 and the proportional relation of discharge current I2 of measured capacitance 5, i.e. I1=K * I2, and wherein K is a constant;
Above-mentioned charge and discharge switch control circuit 14 is in order to the break-make of control charging circuit and the break-make of discharge circuit.
Control module 4 is the duration of charging fixedly, measures the charging voltage in the past and the difference of the later voltage that charges of electric capacity, thereby calculates capacitance.
Control module 4 is the fixing magnitude of voltage of charging also, when the voltage on the electric capacity reaches predetermined value, measures the time of charging process, thereby calculates capacitance.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1. improve the precision of measuring electric capacity.
2. shorten the time of measuring electric capacity, when especially measuring the electric capacity of Da Rong value, Measuring Time does not increase.
It below is specific implementation method.
Embodiment 1
The device and method of the survey electric capacity of present embodiment comprises: comprising: mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 24, voltage detection module 23, control module 22, a clock generator 21, theory diagram as shown in Figure 3.
Described mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 24 comprises a constant current source, a charge-discharge circuit, a mirror image circuit, a charge and discharge switch control circuit.
Described charge-discharge circuit is made of two diode D1, D2, to measured capacitance Cx charging, is charging circuit by D1; From measured capacitance Cx discharge, be discharge circuit by D2;
Described mirror image circuit is made of triode Q1, triode Q2, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R, knows for people well known in the art, and the mirror image circuit that can also be made up of many other modes takes a single example herein.Wherein, regulate the ratio that resistance R 1 and the ratio of R2 just can change charging current I1 and discharge current I2, herein, we allow R1=R2, and I1=I2 is so just arranged.
Described charge and discharge switch control circuit is made of gate-controlled switch K1, and gate-controlled switch K1 can be a relay in practice, also can be triode etc.Controller is brought in the break-make of gauge tap K1 by the control of control gate-controlled switch K1.As can be seen from Figure 3, when K1 disconnected, constant current source charged to measured capacitance by D1, and D2 oppositely ends, and has closed discharge circuit; When K1 was closed, D1 oppositely ended, and the charge closing circuit by Q1, discharges from measured capacitance.
Above-mentioned mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules has been realized the charge and discharge function to electric capacity, and charging current equals discharge current.
Described voltage detection module 23 is an A/D converter, measures the magnitude of voltage on the measured capacitance, converts digital signal to, gives controller.
Described control module 22 just can realize the complete capacitance measurement cycle by control charge and discharge switch control circuit.
The method that present embodiment is surveyed electric capacity is as follows:
Control module 22 is the duration of charging fixedly, measures the charging voltage in the past and the difference of the later voltage that charges of electric capacity, thereby calculates capacitance.Whole measuring process comprises between charge period, interdischarge interval.The cycle of finishing charge and discharge just can be measured the capacitance of Cx.
Step 1: between charge period, control module 22 control K1 open, and open charging circuit, close discharge circuit.Control module picks up counting simultaneously.
Step 2: the timer meter is time the certain time interval T, and the timer zero clearing that resets restarts timing.Control module 22 control K1 closures, the charge closing circuit is opened discharge circuit.And, read the magnitude of voltage v1 on measured capacitance this moment simultaneously by A/D converter.
Step 3: the timer meter is time the certain time interval T, and the timer zero clearing that resets restarts timing.Control module control K1 opens, and opens charging circuit, closes discharge circuit.And, read the magnitude of voltage v2 on electric capacity this moment simultaneously by A/D converter.
Repeat above-mentioned step 2, step 3, can periodically measure.
Because this method charge and discharge time is short, so be very suitable for measurement to big electric capacity.
Thus, we can calculate capacitance Cx:
ΔU=|v2-v1|
Cx=Δ U/ (charging current I1 * T)
Embodiment 2
The device and method of the survey electric capacity of present embodiment comprises: mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 34, voltage detection module 33, control module 32, clock generator 31, theory diagram as shown in Figure 5.
Described mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules 34 comprises a constant current source, a charge-discharge circuit, a mirror image circuit, a charge and discharge switch control circuit.
Described charge-discharge circuit is made of two diode D1, D2, to measured capacitance Cx charging, is charging circuit by D2; From measured capacitance Cx discharge, be discharge circuit by D1;
Described mirror image circuit is made of triode Q1, triode Q2, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R, knows for people well known in the art, and the mirror image circuit that can also be made up of many other modes takes a single example herein.Wherein, regulate the ratio that resistance R 1 and the ratio of R2 just can change charging current I1 and discharge current I2, herein, we allow R2=R1, and I1=I2 is so just arranged.
Described charge and discharge switch control circuit is made of gate-controlled switch K1, and gate-controlled switch K1 can be a relay in practice, also can be triode etc.Control module 32 is brought in the break-make of gauge tap K1 by the control of control gate-controlled switch K1.As can be seen from Figure 5, when K1 disconnected, constant current source discharged from measured capacitance by D1; When K1 is closed,, charge to measured capacitance by Q1.
Above-mentioned mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules has been realized the charge and discharge function to electric capacity, and charging current equals discharge current.
Described voltage detection module 33 comprises a voltage comparator CV1 and a voltage comparator CV2, the input of voltage comparator CV1 is connected with the A end of measured capacitance 35, another input is connected to the fixing comparative voltage v1 that presets, when the voltage on the measured capacitance 35 during more than or equal to comparative voltage v1, the output level of CV1 changes; Input of voltage comparator CV2 is connected with the A of measured capacitance 35 end, and another input is connected to the fixing comparative voltage v2 that presets, and when the voltage on the measured capacitance 35 during smaller or equal to comparative voltage v2, the output level of CV2 changes.Control module 32 is learnt the scope of measured capacitance A terminal voltage by the variation that detects CV1, CV2 output level.
Described control module 32 just can realize the complete capacitance measurement cycle by control charge and discharge switch control circuit.
The method that present embodiment is surveyed electric capacity is as follows:
Control module 32 detects in the charging process, and the voltage on the measured capacitance 35 changes to the time Δ t of preset voltage value v2 from preset voltage value v1, thereby calculates measured capacitance values.
Step 1: discharge step.Control module 32 control K1 open, and open discharge circuit, the charge closing circuit.Electric capacity begins discharge.When the voltage on the electric capacity time smaller or equal to comparative voltage v2, the upset of the output level of voltage comparator CV2;
Step 2: when the voltage on the electric capacity smaller or equal to comparative voltage v2 time the, the upset of the output level of voltage comparator CV2, control module 32 detects the variation of CV2 output level, and control module 32 control K1 closures are opened charging circuit, close discharge circuit.Electric capacity begins charging.Simultaneously, control module 32 picks up counting.
Step 3: when the voltage on the electric capacity time more than or equal to comparative voltage v1, the upset of the output level of voltage comparator CV1; Control module 32 detects the output level upset of voltage comparator CV1, stops timing, notes timing time Δ t; Control module control K1 opens, and opens discharge circuit, the charge closing circuit.Electric capacity begins discharge.
Step 4: repeating step two, three.
The output waveform of comparative voltage device 1 and comparative voltage device 2 as shown in Figure 6.These waveforms are sent to (as shown in Figure 6) in the control module 32, and control module 32 is measured the relatively frequency f of the waveform signal of CV1 output because charging current equals discharge current, so the duration of charging equal discharge time, so: Δ t=1/f/2.
Calculate measured capacitance:
ΔU=v1-v2
Δt=1/f/2
Cx=Δ U/ (charging current I1 * Δ t)
4. Figure of description explanation
Fig. 1 has shown the schematic diagram of resonance method measurement electric capacity
The simplified block diagram of Fig. 2 has shown theory diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 has shown the theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1
Fig. 4 has shown the voltage oscillogram on the measured capacitance of measuring capacitive method 1
Fig. 5 has shown the theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2
Fig. 6 has shown the waveform sequential chart of voltage, comparative voltage device CV1 and comparative voltage device CV2 on the survey electric capacity of measuring capacitive method 2.

Claims (6)

1. the device of a mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance is used to measure a measured capacitance, and the device of described mirror-image constant flow source measuring capacitance comprises: voltage detection module, control module, clock generator, it is characterized in that, and more comprise: the mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules;
Described mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules comprises: constant current source, mirror image circuit, charge-discharge circuit, charge and discharge switch control circuit; Described mirror image circuit makes the charging current I1 and the proportional relation of discharge current I2 of measured capacitance, I1=K * I2 just, and wherein K is a constant;
Described mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules is connected to an end A of described measured capacitance, is used for to described measured capacitance charge and discharge;
Described voltage detection module, its input end are connected to the A end of above-mentioned measured capacitance, and its output terminal is connected to control module, is used to detect the voltage signal on the measured capacitance;
Described control module is connected with the control end of mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, the break-make of control charge circuit and the break-make of discharge loop;
Described clock generator, output is connected with control module, for controller provides elapsed time clock;
Described constant current source links to each other with described charge-discharge circuit, in order to offer the electric current of electric capacity charging;
Described charge-discharge circuit links to each other with an end A of described measured capacitance, in order to charge, to discharge to measured capacitance;
Described mirror image circuit links to each other with described charge-discharge circuit, in order to control charging current and the proportional relation of discharge current;
The control end of described charge and discharge switch control circuit links to each other with described control module, in order to the break-make of charge circuit of control measured capacitance and the break-make of discharge loop.
2. method of utilizing the described mirror-image constant flow source device of claim 1 to survey electric capacity is characterized by following steps:
Step 1: charging process, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of described control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V1 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; The while control module is opened timer and is picked up counting;
Step 2: arrive when control module detects charging timing time T1, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V2 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; Control module is given the timer zero clearing simultaneously, restarts timing;
Step 3: control module calculates measured capacitance values according to the voltage on the measured capacitance of being surveyed:
Measured capacitance values=| V1-V2|/(charging current I1 * charging timing time T1);
Step 4: arrive when control module detects discharge timing time T2, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V1 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; Control module is given the timer zero clearing simultaneously, restarts timing;
Step 5: repeating step two to four, the measurement of property performance period.
3. a method of utilizing the described mirror-image constant flow source device of claim 1 to survey electric capacity is characterized in that, can also may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: charging process, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of described control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V1 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; The while control module is opened timer and is picked up counting;
Step 2: arrive when control module detects charging timing time T1, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V2 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; Control module is given the timer zero clearing simultaneously, restarts timing;
Step 3: arrive when control module detects discharge timing time T2, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance; Control module reads and preserves the voltage V1 of this moment on the measured capacitance simultaneously; Control module is given the timer zero clearing simultaneously, restarts timing;
Step 4: control module calculates measured capacitance values according to the voltage on the measured capacitance of being surveyed:
Measured capacitance values=| V1-V2|/(discharge current I2 * discharge timing time T2);
Step 5: repeating step two to four, the measurement of property performance period.
4. a method of utilizing the described mirror-image constant flow source device of claim 1 to survey electric capacity is characterized in that, can also may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: discharge process, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of described control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance;
Step 2: the voltage that detects on the measured capacitance when control module has reached scheduled voltage V1, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance;
Step 3: the voltage that detects on the measured capacitance when control module has reached scheduled voltage V2, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance;
Step 4: control module detects the duration of charging T1 of the process of voltage from V1 to V2 on the measured capacitance, calculates measured capacitance values:
Measured capacitance values=| V1-V2|/(charging current I1 * duration of charging T1);
Step 5: repeating step two to four, realize multi-cycle measurement.
5. a method of utilizing the described mirror-image constant flow source device of claim 1 to survey electric capacity is characterized in that, can also may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: discharge process, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of described control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance;
Step 2: the voltage that detects on the measured capacitance when control module has reached scheduled voltage V1, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, open the charging circuit of measured capacitance, close the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to charge to measured capacitance;
Step 3: the voltage that detects on the measured capacitance when control module has reached scheduled voltage V2, the charge and discharge switch control circuit of control module control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, thereby the charge-discharge circuit of control mirror-image constant flow source charge-discharge modules, close the charging circuit of measured capacitance, open the discharge circuit of measured capacitance, begin to discharge to measured capacitance;
Step 4: control module detects T2 discharge time of the process of voltage from V2 to V1 on the measured capacitance, calculates measured capacitance values:
Measured capacitance values=| V1-V2|/(discharge current I2 * discharge time T2);
Step 5: repeating step two to four, realize multi-cycle measurement.
6. survey the method for electric capacity according to a kind of mirror-image constant flow source device of claim 4, it is characterized in that:
The method that described control module detects the duration of charging T1 of the process of voltage from V1 to V2 on the measured capacitance comprises:
If the duration of charging T1 that the voltage on the measured capacitance changes to V2 from V1 greater than a stipulated time, adopts the method for direct Measuring Time to survey T1;
If the time T 1 that the voltage on the measured capacitance changes to V2 from V1 less than the stipulated time, adopts the method for the frequency f of the voltage on the multi-cycle measurement measured capacitance, calculate T1=1/f/ (1+K).
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