CN101082110A - Long-life alloy die-casting module and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Long-life alloy die-casting module and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101082110A CN101082110A CN 200610027148 CN200610027148A CN101082110A CN 101082110 A CN101082110 A CN 101082110A CN 200610027148 CN200610027148 CN 200610027148 CN 200610027148 A CN200610027148 A CN 200610027148A CN 101082110 A CN101082110 A CN 101082110A
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Abstract
The present invention provides one kind of long service life module for aluminum alloy pressure casting die. The material for the module has the components including C 0.37-0.45 wt%, Si 0.90-1.40 wt%, Mn 0.30-0.60 wt%, Cr 5.10-5.70 wt%, V 1.00-1.40 wt%, Mo 1.20-1.50 wt%, S 0.0005-0.003 wt%, P 0.001-0.015 wt%, and Fe and inevitable impurities for the rest. The module is produced through the following steps: homogenizing electroslag ingot in a heating furnace at 1230-1290 deg.c for 15-20 hr, twice upsetting and stretching in the initial forging temperature of 1230-1250 deg.c and final forging temperature of 850-900 deg.c, and structure fining treatment of the hot forging in an annealing furnace at 860-950 deg.c. The module has over 3.5 times longer service life compared with that of available technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hot-work die steel moald-cavity and metallurgical manufacturing method thereof, especially relate to a kind of mould manufacturing industry long lifetime aluminium alloy casting die module and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
The hot-work die steel moald-cavity is special die steel module, divides by purposes, generally can be divided into die-casting module and forging die block, all is the starting material of making hot-work die.The aluminium alloy casting die module is the most frequently used a kind of in the die-casting module, is used to make the die cast mould of Al-alloy products.The aluminium alloy casting die module that China uses at present is the high tungsten low-carbon type module that adopts the imitated USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) of traditional metallurgical technology to introduce, the chemical ingredients proportioning of these modules is unreasonable, adopt C0.30-0.40wt%, Si 0.10-0.40wt%, Mn 0.10-0.40wt%, Cr 2.20-2.70wt%, V 0.25-0.75wt%, W 7.50-9.00wt%, S≤0.03wt%, P≤0.03wt%; High tungsten composition causes liquid phase ledeburite organization, has reduced the use properties of steel, and mentioned component a wider range, causes the product performance instability.
The manufacturing process of above-mentioned existing aluminium alloy casting die module adopts electrosmelting or electroslag smelting, the conventional forging process and the stress relief annealing technology of finished product module, concrete steps are followed successively by steel-making, electroslag smelting, heating, forging, thermal treatment, form finished product at last, wherein, heating steps generally is controlled under the 1240-1270 ℃ of temperature range and carries out 7-8 hour insulation; Opening during forging forged temperature and is controlled at 1220-1240 ℃, cross section compression ratio 〉=4% of the size of becoming a useful person; Annealing temperature generally is controlled at 860 ℃ ± 10, and soaking time is 6-8 hour; Cold cooling rate≤40 of stove ℃/h.But there are the following problems for this manufacturing process: 1) heating steps is unreasonable, mainly is that time control is too short, thereby causes tissue and homogenization of composition not enough; 2) this annealing process is typical stress relief annealing technology, and microstructure mainly is to reduce product hardness without any refining effect, and is bad to microstructure nodularization effect, and the result is that crystal grain is thick.Above-mentioned two deficiencies cause module life short, are about 20,000-40,000 moulds work-ing life.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of long-life alloy die-casting module and manufacture method thereof, makes reach 100,000-120,000 moulds the work-ing life of alloy die-casting module, and mean lifetime improves 3.5 times than prior art.
For achieving the above object, the present invention at first provides a kind of long-life alloy die-casting module, and its composition weight percent is:
C 0.37-0.45%; Si 0.90-1.40%; Mn 0.30-0.60%; Cr 5.10-5.70%; V1.00-1.40%; Mo 1.20-1.50%; S 0.0005-0.003%; P 0.001-0.015%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Below be the effect and the qualification explanation thereof of principal element of the present invention:
C：0.37-0.45％
This carbon mainly is to make carbide separate out type constancy, and carbide is separated out the stable of type can be so that the performance of the matrix of module be stablized, and work-ing life is stable.It is can be so that carbon and v element form stable MC and MC2 type carbide in the tissue that carbon component is controlled at this scope, such carbide is worked under the service temperature of mould and is had good high-temperature resistant tempered stability, makes mould can not reduce the intensity of matrix owing to high tempering.
Si：0.90-1.40％
The content that improves element silicon can improve the pi of strength of module matrix, makes the module life-span in use improve.But exceed the danger that this scope may cause the non-metallic inclusion that increases matrix, thereby reduce the use properties of mould, be lower than this scope and may cause reduction matrix strength performance, make die life descend.
Mn：0.30-0.60％
The purpose of compression composition range is the fluctuation of control module performance.Because manganese is weak carbide forming element, can cause the variation of austenite region, the control of manganese content is lower than 0.30% and is unfavorable for the austenitic stability of matrix, can reduce the hardening capacity of mould, influence the homogeneity of the inside and outside performance of mould, thereby reduce the work-ing life of mould.The control of manganese content is higher than the fragility that 0.60% meeting increases matrix, makes the impact property of mould reduce, and reduces die life.
Cr：5.10-5.70％
Mainly be in order to make the carbide of module matrix diffusion-precipitation, to improve the red hardness of module, having more anti-temper resistance when making module under arms, the work-ing life of further improving module.Because the chromium element is the strong carbide forming element, to form certain proportioning with carbon element content, this certain proportioning is meant that the content of control chromium and carbon can form stable M7C3 type carbide tiny, disperse and separate out, could form stable carbon chromium cpd like this, play an important role improving substrate performance.
V：1.00-1.40％
Make the tissue of module obtain MC type carbide, increase by twice Hardenability of matrix.V element mainly is to form stable vanadium carbon carbide together with carbon in the drawing process of mould, improve the anti-temper resistance of matrix, if thereby control exceeds the unstable reduction mould high-temperature behavior in use that this scope may cause carbide, the work-ing life of reducing mould.
Mo：1.20-1.50％
Make the module microstructure obtain MC3, MC2 type carbide, stablize Hardenability twice.Exceed this scope and can cause the matrix microstructure can not obtain this M2C, M6C type carbide, thereby reduce Hardenability twice.
S：0.0005-0.003％；P：0.001-0.015％
The controlled contents that reduces p and s can be so that the microstructure of module be purer, reducing phosphorus content can the fragility danger of cancellation module in drawing process, reduce the formation that sulphur content can reduce module matrix non-metallic inclusion, thereby improve the mechanical property of module and make the equal orientation performance of module improve, anti-accident performance during use improves, and prolong work-ing life.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of manufacture method of long lifetime aluminium alloy casting die module, and this method comprises the steps: that ESR ingot is incubated homogenizing processing in 15-20 hour under 1230 ℃ of-1290 ℃ of temperature in process furnace; Carry out twice jumping-up then and pull out handling, opening and forging temperature is 1230 ℃-1250 ℃, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃-900 ℃; Forge the hot furnace temperature of packing in back and be in 860 ℃-950 ℃ the annealing furnace and carry out the thinning microstructure anneal.
Preferably, the inventive method also comprises the step of carrying out refinement module organized processing: carry out solid solution earlier, temperature is controlled at 1050 ℃-1100 ℃, and air cooling or air-cooled to room temperature is handled through twice high tempering of 830 ℃-880 ℃ and 700 ℃-760 ℃ more then.
Main technologic parameters control is as follows:
Heating:
ESR ingot is incubated homogenizing processing in 15-20 hour in the process furnace of 1230 ℃ of-1290 ℃ of temperature;
The ESR ingot interior tissue exists a large amount of eutectic carbidess, and twice carbide of a large amount of particulate state of enrichment, reaches the effect that homogenizes through High temperature diffusion, and eutectic carbides and twice carbide dissolve substantially.Make the diffusion of carbon and alloy atom, segregation be improved by this high temperature homogenization processing, ingot structure and composition after handling through this high temperature homogenization are even substantially.
Forge:
ESR ingot is through twice jumping-up and pull out processing, and with the vertical jumping-up 1/2 ingot height of ESR ingot, laterally pulling repeats twice to original size again.Opening and forging temperature is 1230 ℃-1250 ℃, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃-900 ℃, forges the hot furnace temperature of packing in back and is in 860 ℃-950 ℃ the annealing furnace and carry out the thinning microstructure anneal;
It is in order to increase forging ratio, the as-cast structure of further broken steel ingot that twice jumping-up of steel ingot handled with pulling;
Open and forge temperature controlling and make module have best forging toughness and ductility, distortion that helps organizing and the smooth expansion of recovery and recrystallization in forging process.The control of final forging temperature is to prevent that module from ftractureing when forging molding, and final forging temperature is lower than the temperature of defined, is very easy to cause the forging crack of module.
Structure refinement annealing thermal treatment is a kind of microstructure in the hardness that reduces module refinement simultaneously module, structure refinement can reduce the module generation and the expansion of the heat fatigue cracking in the process under arms greatly, and intensity that can the hoisting module matrix, thereby the work-ing life of improving module.
Solid solubility temperature is controlled at 1050 ℃-1100 ℃, and the time is 5-8 hour, and air cooling or air-cooled to room temperature is handled through 830 ℃ of-880 ℃ of temperature ranges insulations 6-8 hour and twice high tempering of 15-18 hour of 700 ℃-760 ℃ insulations then.This thermal treatment is to make module at first carry out austenitizing, again crystallization changes the primary microstructure, and in the process of double tempering (spheroidizing), make the refinement of module matrix gradually, the refinement that more becomes of spherodized structure in the same microstructure, such tissue can prolong the work-ing life of module.Through after the processing of this refinement module tissue, acquisition homogeneous microstructure, the aluminium alloy casting die module of, tiny spherodized structure little in length and breadth to performance difference.
The present invention has following advantage compared with prior art:
1. the proportioning of chemical ingredients is more reasonable, the composition that does not have tungsten in the composition proportion, eliminated separating out of liquid phase ledeburite organization, element sulphur is controlled at 0.0005-0.003wt%, phosphoric is controlled at 0.001-0.015wt%, can significantly improve the material property of aluminium alloy casting die module, thereby prolong the work-ing life of aluminium alloy casting die module.The reasonable control of the composition of carbon component and v element and chromium element can be so that tissue forms stable carbide, such carbide is worked under the service temperature of mould and is had good high-temperature resistant tempered stability, make mould can not reduce the intensity of matrix owing to high tempering, work-ing life is stable.
2. high temperature homogenization is handled and is made the diffusion of carbon and alloy atom, segregation improve, and ingot structure and composition more are tending towards evenly, thereby improves the original quality of die-casting module, for having created primary condition the work-ing life that prolongs the aluminium alloy casting die module.
3. make the module anisotropy dwindle through the thinning microstructure treatment process, the microstructure of module is tiny, even, and microstructure is good nodularization state, improved the over-all properties of aluminium alloy casting die module on the very big degree, make improve 3.5 times the work-ing life of aluminium alloy casting die module, improved economic benefit greatly than prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 carries out metallographic structure figure after high temperature homogenization is handled according to the present invention to ESR ingot, demonstrates that this metallographic structure is even, crystal boundary is clear;
Fig. 2 is the process curve figure that module is carried out the thinning microstructure anneal according to the present invention, and the control of each section of normalizing nodularization temperature and time rationally;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure after according to the present invention the module thinning microstructure being handled, and it is careful, even to demonstrate this metallographic microstructure;
Fig. 4 a carries out thinning microstructure spherodized structure figure afterwards according to the present invention to module, and it is tiny, even to demonstrate this spherodized structure, wherein, is to cool off by air-cooled after the solid solution;
Fig. 4 b be according to the present invention to the spherodized structure figure after the module thinning microstructure, it is tiny, even to demonstrate this spherodized structure, wherein, is to cool off by air cooling after the solid solution.
Embodiment
Below be specifying of embodiment of the invention 1-4.
Embodiment 1
The chemical component weight per-cent of module is: C 0.41wt%, Si 1.21 wt%, Mn 0.50wt%, Cr 5.25 wt%, V 1.10 wt%, Mo 1.30 wt%, S 0.0008 wt%, P 0.010 wt%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities;
ESR ingot is incubated homogenizing processing in 19 hours in the process furnace of 1260 ℃ of temperature, the metallographic structure photo that homogenizes after handling is seen Fig. 1;
ESR ingot is handled through twice jumping-up and pulling, and opening and forging temperature is 1245 ℃, and final forging temperature is 890 ℃, forge the hot furnace temperature of packing in back and be to carry out thinning microstructure in 880 ℃ the annealing furnace and handle,
Refinement module organized processing is that 1090 ℃ of solid solubility temperatures are air-cooled to room temperature, twice high tempering through 860 ℃ and 720 ℃ handled, thinning microstructure treatment process curve is seen Fig. 2, metallographic structure photo after module is handled through thinning microstructure is seen Fig. 3, the spherodized structure photo is seen Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b (these two metallographic structure figure are basic identical, illustrate air-cooled and air cooling can be implemented) in process implementing.
Adopt the aluminium alloy casting die module of present embodiment to make gear box casing transfer mold, engine bonnet transfer mold, the how secondary mould of mobile phone wireless launcher, reach 120,000 moulds the work-ing life of module, be higher than 4.5 times of traditional die-casting module life-spans.
The concrete chemical ingredients (Wt%) of embodiment 2-4 sees Table 1, and processing parameter control sees Table 2, and performance and product tissue characteristics see Table 3.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Need showing of explanation, the microstructure that is reached in the table 3 and the rank of spherodized structure and hardness value are the performance index value ranges of the generally acknowledged high-grade moulding stock of the international North America NADCA of die casting association.
Claims (3)
1. long lifetime aluminium alloy casting die module, its composition weight percent is:
C：?0.37-0.45；
Si：0.90-1.40；
Mn：0.30-0.60；
Cr：5.10-5.70；
V：?1.00-1.40；
Mo：1.20-1.50；
S：?0.0005-0.003；
P：?0.001-0.015；
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the manufacture method of long lifetime aluminium alloy casting die module according to claim 1 comprises the steps: that ESR ingot is incubated homogenizing processing in 15-20 hour under 1230 ℃ of-1290 ℃ of temperature in process furnace; Carry out twice jumping-up then and pull out handling, opening and forging temperature is 1230 ℃-1250 ℃, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃-900 ℃; Forge the hot furnace temperature of packing in back and be in 860 ℃-950 ℃ the annealing furnace and carry out the thinning microstructure anneal.
3. the manufacture method of long lifetime aluminium alloy casting die module according to claim 2, the step that also comprises refinement module organized processing: carry out solid solution earlier, temperature is controlled at 1050 ℃-1100 ℃, air cooling or air-cooled to room temperature is handled through twice high tempering of 830 ℃-880 ℃ and 700 ℃-760 ℃ more then.
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