CN101079530B - Solid laser resonance cavity system with automated optimization laser mode - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid laser resonator system of automatic optimizing laser pattern, which comprises the following parts: output cavity lens, reflective deforming lens, gain dielectric, narrow-band filter, facular detector, beam splitter, power meter, high-pressure amplifier, main control computer, telescope, image gathering card, focal lens and control algorism. The invention utilizes reflective deforming lens with high reflectance to replace common plane reflective lens as reflective end lens of resonator, which generates kinds of high-low stepped optical aberration to inhibit high-step laser, in order to output high-brightness basic mould. The invention possesses simple structure to be controlled conveniently, which improves the quality of output beam without reducing the output power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser resonant cavity system, particularly a kind of resonant cavity of solid state laser system is a kind of resonance cavity system that utilizes optimized Algorithm control high-resolution piezoelectricity reflection deformable mirror paired pulses, quasi-continuous and continuous solid body laser to carry out chamber internal schema Automatic Optimal.
Background technology
In recent years, various types of solid state lasers are used more and more widely, and solid-state laser is compared with gas laser: have the life-span long, efficient is high and the high advantage of reliability; Compare with chemical laser: have that volume is little, easy to operate, a running nimble (continuously/repetition rate/length/short pulse), easy intellectuality, free of contamination advantage.By Principles of Laser as can be known, may there be several stable oscillation modes simultaneously in the resonant cavity of a laser, as long as the gain by one path of a certain mould is greater than its loss by one path, promptly satisfy laser oscillation condition, this pattern just might be excited and starting of oscillation, and such mechanism makes the zlasing mode of laser output usually be many transverse modes.Because the transverse mode exponent number is high more, light distribution is just complicated more and distribution is big more, its beam divergence angle is also big more, and the light distribution pattern of basic mode (TEM00) is rounded and distribution is very little, its beam divergence angle minimum, the power density maximum, so brightness is also the highest, and radial intensity distribution is uniform.Such as laser communication, high-precision laser processing, fields such as laser measurement have an energy and can export basic mode laser, can keep the laser of the higher relatively power output prerequisite that usually is absolutely necessary again.Obtain single transverse mode laser output, must targetedly pattern be chosen and optimize.Through after the modeling, power output may decrease, but because the improvement of divergence, its brightness can improve several magnitude.The transverse mode system of selection can be divided into two classes: a class be the structure and parameter that changes resonant cavity with obtain each mould diffraction loss than big difference, improve the modeling performance of resonant cavity; Another kind of is to insert additional modeling element to improve the modeling performance in certain resonant cavity.Normal preceding class methods, the class methods after solid state laser often adopts of adopting of gas laser.But the thermal lensing effect that exists gain media to cause in the resonant cavity of solid state laser, heat is to birefringence effect, the heterogeneity of gain media, pumping is non-homogeneous, diffraction effect, the factors such as misalignment of resonant cavity chamber mirror. these unfavorable factors usually hinder solid state laser and obtain high performance laser output.Existing various chamber internal schema choosing method at solid state laser all is difficult to obtain high-quality basic mode laser output when keeping certain power level, the present invention is directed to these problems, proposes a kind of new system that optimizes the solid state laser pattern.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: the deficiency that overcomes existing solid state laser chamber internal schema control mode, provide and utilize reflection deformable mirror directly as the end mirror of resonant cavity of solid state laser, various aberrations in can compensated cavity, can suppress higher order mode again, obtain the high-quality basic mode laser output of light beam.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise the resonant cavity that the output cavity mirror is formed, high-voltage amplifier, main control computer, telescope, power meter, condenser lens, narrow band filter slice, reflection deformable mirror is as the height reflection end mirror of resonant cavity of solid state laser, telescope is with beam size in the resonant cavity and reflection deformable mirror bore coupling, after the process gain media amplifies laser, by output cavity mirror output beam, this light beam process narrow band filter slice filters out other veiling glare except main output wavelength laser, after this output laser incides on the spectroscope, a branch of seeing through received so that measure power in real time by power meter, another bundle reflexes to condenser lens and is focused on the hot spot detector on its focal plane, image pick-up card in the main control computer is gathered the light intensity signal that the hot spot detector detects, the target function that utilizes this signal will optimize as control algolithm in the main control computer, main control computer outputs to high-voltage amplifier to the voltage signal that the computing through overall Genetic Control algorithm obtains, this signal amplifies through high-voltage amplifier again, be applied on each driver of reflection deformable mirror, make reflection deformable mirror towards allowing the direction of objective function optimization produce corresponding deflection, when target function is optimum, various aberrations in the resonant cavity in the reflection deformable mirror deformation range are compensated, and the light beam of output is the good basic mode light beam of beam quality.
Described overall genetic algorithm is achieved as follows:
(1) generates the population (individual amount 15-100) that comprises some individualities at first at random, the magnitude of voltage decision that face shape of each individual corresponding respectively distorting lens as resonator end mirrors among the present invention, distoring mirror shape apply on the face driver after by distorting lens;
(2) behind the initialization population, need carry out encoding operation to individuality in the population, coding can pass through binary coding, also can pass through real coding, and the individuality behind the coding is referred to as chromosome.The present invention adopts the coded system of real coding;
(3) behind the coding, calculate the fitness of the correspondence of each minute surface individuality, fitness is to be used for weighing the good degree that each individuality in the population may reach or approach optimal solution, the ideal adaptation degree is big more, just approach optimal solution more, it is selected, and to participate in the later stage interlace operation just big more with the probability of mutation operation, and the light intensity signal that the present invention detects with the hot spot detector is as the fitness function that will optimize of genetic algorithm;
(4) after each individual fitness is calculated, overall situation genetic algorithm is according to carrying out selection operation with the directly proportional roulette selection mode of fitness, then in the mode that single-point intersects the individuality that is selected in the population is carried out interlace operation in twos according to certain crossover probability (0.5-0.99) again, and then itself carry out mutation operation to the part in the population is individual according to definitive variation probability (0.001-0.9).Selection, intersection and mutation operation are three topmost operations of overall Genetic Control algorithm, and they have determined the global optimizing performance and the convergence capabilities of overall Genetic Control algorithm together;
(5) above 4 steps of the every process of genetic algorithm are carried out once, will produce a new population.The continuous iteration of genetic algorithm is carried out above 4 steps, satisfies predefined termination condition up to algorithm.
Principle of the present invention is: adopt the end mirror of the reflection deformable mirror of plating highly reflecting films system as resonant cavity of solid state laser, reflection deformable mirror is controlled by genetic algorithm, output beam is focused on the focal plane through condenser lens, the target function that will optimize the signal that detects on the focal plane as genetic algorithm makes distorting lens towards allowing the direction of objective function optimization produce corresponding deflection again.Voltage by each driver on the control reflection deformable mirror, change the surface configuration of distorting lens, produce correspondingly phase compensation amount, compensation fall in the resonant cavity various aberrations, thereby the structure of resonant cavity is changed, suppress higher order mode adaptively and produce, and create the resonant cavity condition that produces basic mode laser that is beneficial to, output beam quality is basic mode laser well.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) the present invention utilizes the reflection deformable mirror of a high reflectance to replace the reflection end mirror of common planar speculum as resonant cavity, by optimizing the voltage on each driver of reflection deformable mirror behind, make it to take place deformation, produce phase compensation amount and proofread and correct the interior various low-order and high-order aberrations of resonant cavity, suppress the generation of high-order zlasing mode, creation is beneficial to the condition of resonant cavity output basic mode laser, obtains the basic mode output of high-quality and high brightness;
(2) the present invention need not increase the complexity of resonant cavity, has simple in structurely, controls advantage easily, makes the laser again can the good basic mode laser of output beam quality when greatly not reducing power output;
(3) the present invention can realize the dynamic modeling of resonant cavity, only promptly is not limited at a certain power output or the resonant cavity that comprises under a certain particular aberration condition effective.In the deformation range and spatial frequency allowed band of distorting lens, can in a broad relatively power bracket, successfully realize modeling to the resonant cavity that comprises various aberrations.And the existing technology of choosing by specific cavity structure realization chamber internal schema generally is at a certain concrete resonant cavity condition, therefore, condition one changes in resonant cavity, at the cavity structure that initial condition is set, just can't realize dynamic stable flexibly.So dynamic compensation performance of the present invention exactly can well address this problem;
(4) the present invention eliminates because the aberration that chamber mirror misalignment produces reduces diffraction loss the increase power output at the automatic aligning that can guarantee resonant cavity output coupling mirror and reflection deformable mirror aspect the correction in-cavity aberratio; Can eliminate simultaneously the mode sizes that thermal lensing effect brings and the variation of beam divergence angle, and various higher order aberratons.And the normal automatic cavity-adjusting technology that adopts of prior art is difficult to proofread and correct higher order aberratons, the mode sizes that the elimination thermal lensing effect is brought and the variation of beam divergence angle, this is because the device that the automatic cavity-adjusting technology that prior art adopts is mainly regulated usually is a common planar, concave surface or convex reflecting mirror, these mirrors are mainly worked under control device such as Stepping Motor Control, about multipotency is realized, about tilt adjustment, thereby adjust the aligning of resonant cavity and eliminate inclined aberration, but these speculums can't produce the face type of the various higher order aberratons of compensation, thereby be difficult to eliminate higher order aberratons, certainly more impossiblely eliminated the various unfavorable factors of the thermal lensing effect generation chamber in dynamically;
(5) reflection deformable mirror of the present invention's employing is the reflective distorting lens of plating highly reflecting films system, this distorting lens resonance frequency height (10
4The Hz level), the response time fast (microsecond level), non-linear hysteresis little (＜± 5%), dynamically stroke range big (several micron) can be born high power density laser and (be reached several kilowatt ratings
2), the actuator unit number is many, the spatial resolution height, and it not only can proofread and correct the static aberration in the solid state laser, can also proofread and correct along with thermal effect and power condition change and the dynamic aberration of variation, and common reflecting cavity mirror is difficult to satisfy these requirements;
(6) the present invention adopts overall genetic algorithm always can select under the proper condition at various genetic operators, jump out each local optimum point, probabilistic search with 100% is to the globally optimal solution of finding the solution problem, some local optimum algorithms have been avoided, as climbing method, simulated annealing, gradient descent method scheduling algorithm is absorbed in the shortcoming of local optimum easily; Simultaneously, when overall genetic algorithm is worked, be not subjected to the restriction of initial optimizing position.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of reflection deformable mirror of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of genetic algorithm for the control algolithm that the present invention adopts.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the resonant cavity that the present invention mainly is made up of reflection deformable mirror 1, telescope 2, gain media 3, output cavity mirror 4, and ancillary equipment and control algolithm that narrow band filter slice 5, spectroscope 6, power meter 7, condenser lens 8, hot spot detector 9, main control computer 10, high-voltage amplifier 11 and genetic algorithm constitute are formed.Because the bore of gain media 3 is generally several millimeters magnitudes, and the bore of chamber inner light beam also outline less than the bore of gain media, this just much smaller than the clear aperture (about tens to tens millimeters) of distorting lens so telescope 2 is mainly used to mate the bore of chamber inner light beam and distorting lens 1, make beam size can cover the bore of the distorting lens 1 about 80%, on inciding behind the spectroscope by the laser of output cavity mirror 4 output, a branch of see through received so that measure power in real time by power meter 7, a branch ofly reflexes to condenser lens 8 and is focused on the CCD camera 9 on its focal plane.The image pick-up card that is built in the main control computer 10 is gathered the light intensity signal that CCD camera 9 detects, the target function that utilizes this signal will optimize as genetic algorithm in the main control computer 10.The voltage signals that main control computer 10 obtains the computing through overall Genetic Control algorithm output to high-voltage amplifier 11 and are exaggerated after-appliedly on each driver of reflection deformable mirror 1, make reflection deformable mirror 1 towards allowing the direction of objective function optimization produce corresponding deflection.When target function was optimum, the various aberrations in the resonant cavity were compensated, and the light beam of output is the good basic mode laser of beam quality.
Narrow band filter slice 5 among the present invention not only ability is exported light more by force, have again very narrow frequency band (± 10nm), can well filter out various veiling glares.Telescope 2 is afocal telescope, both as beam-expanding system, does not influence fundamental mode volume again.Hot spot detector 9 is the higher ccd detectors of quantum efficiency, and its response wave band is from the visible light to the near infrared light.
As shown in Figure 2, reflectivity as the reflection deformable mirror 1 of the anti-chamber of height mirror surpasses 99.9%, mainly by thin mirror surface 12, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13, substrate 14 and contact conductor 15 are formed, and reflection deformable mirror 1 is a kind of continuous mirror surface distorting lens, and it is little that continuous mirror surface has error of fitting, optical energy loss is few, can keep the continuous advantage of Wave-front phase.The displacement resolution of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13 that is adopted is very high, and control is very convenient: apply voltage to piezoelectric ceramic actuator, utilize inverse piezoelectric effect just can produce displacement.Because the monolithic piezoelectric ceramic sheet also can only produce 0.1～0.2 micron distortion under the voltage of hundreds of volts, so, piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13 is formed by stacking by a lot of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, each potsherd is in parallel and deflection superposes on circuit, so just can increase the deflection of distorting lens 1.Substrate 14 is mainly used to support piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13, one end of piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13 links to each other with rigid substrates 14, the other end abuts against thin mirror surface 12, contact conductor 15 is connected on each driver, draw by the through hole on the substrate 14, link to each other with high-voltage amplifier 11, thereby provide correspondent voltage for piezoelectric ceramic actuator 13 produces the thin mirror surface 12 generation deformation of flexible promotion.
As shown in Figure 3, overall genetic algorithm of the present invention is achieved as follows:
(1) at first, produce an initial population at random, population comprises the face shape individuality of the reflection deformable mirror 1 of some (general range is 15-100);
(2) behind the initialization population individuality is encoded.Because the method for real coding can improve the operation efficiency of genetic algorithm, improves the complexity of genetic algorithm, so take the mode of real coding to encode to each face type is individual.Each individual available following form is represented:
V
i＝[v
1v
2，...，v
n] (i＝1，2，...，M) (1)
Wherein, V
iA minute surface face type individuality in the expression population, corresponding to a chromosome of genetic algorithm, M represents the scale of population; v
j(j=1,2 ... n) be real number, representative be the magnitude of voltage that is applied on the reflection deformable mirror 1, on the mathematics implication, they distinguish a gene position of corresponding genetic algorithm again, value is at [v
Minv
Max] between, v
MinRepresent minimum voltage, v
MaxRepresent maximum voltage, n is the number of driver on the distorting lens.According to the requirement that the solid state laser pattern is optimized, can select the distorting lens of different bores and number of drives (spatial resolution), so that reach the purpose of optimization system;
(3) behind the coding, calculate the fitness of the correspondence of each minute surface individuality, the light intensity signal that detects with the hot spot detector is as the fitness function that will optimize of genetic algorithm;
(4) after each individual fitness is calculated, according to carrying out selection operation with the directly proportional roulette selection mode of fitness, behind the selection operation, in the mode that single-point intersects the individuality that is selected in the population is carried out the main mode that the interlace operation interlace operation is the new individuality of genetic algorithm generation in twos according to certain crossover probability (being generally 0.5-0.99) again, the mode that the present invention adopts single-point arithmetic to intersect, it produces new individuality by the individual mode that the exchange portion gene takes place of two minute surface face shapes to parent, establishes two distoring mirror type individualities that will intersect and is respectively V
1, V
2, then two indicating panel individualities that produce through intersection are:
V
1’＝λ1.V
1+λ2.V
2 (2)
V
2’＝λ1.V
2+λ2.V
1 (3)
(2), in (3), parameter lambda 1+ λ 2=1 and 0＜λ, 1,0＜λ 2;
The laggard row variation operation of interlace operation itself is carried out mutation operation according to variation probability 0.001-0.9 to the part in the population is individual again; Mutation operation is the mode of operation of decision genetic algorithm local search ability, and it is to produce new individual supplementary mode, and the present invention adopts the non-uniform mutation operator.Specific implementation is as follows: establish aberration rate P in certain generation
mThe face shape of the reflection deformable mirror of determining that will make a variation 1 is V
i=[v
1v
2..., v
k..., v
n], the variation position is v
k, be V ' then through the new individuality in variation back
i=[v
1v
2..., v '
k..., v
n], new gene position v
k' obtain by following formula:
v
k’＝v
k-Δ(t，v
k-v
kmin) (4)
In formula (4) formula, v
KminBe v
kDesirable lower limit, the function Δ (t y) returns one in [0, y] interval interior value, and available following formula is described:
Δ(t，y)＝y.r(1-t/T)
a (5)
In formula (5) formula, r is individual random number in [0,1], T is the total iterations of genetic algorithm, decide according to system, on behalf of algorithm, the scope of T carry out algebraically at [100,1000] t, a is a weight factor, scope generally ([1,5], by (5) formula as can be known, (t y) levels off to zero to Δ when t levels off to T;
(5) genetic algorithm is every through judging whether an algorithm reaches end condition behind fitness calculating, 4 genetic manipulations of selecting, intersect, make a variation, if do not satisfy end condition, then enter into iteration of future generation and calculate, carry out various genetic manipulations again; If satisfy end condition then finish algorithm, find that minute surface face type corresponding to the maximum adaptation degree, this face type is exactly 1 type of the required best reflection deformable mirror of optimization pattern.
It should be noted that, genetic algorithm does not need manual intervention in the process of implementation, but before actual experiment, still want the suitable parameter of choosing each genetic manipulation (initial population quantity, aberration rate, crossing-over rate etc.) determine one group of best parameter condition at last, the process of choosing parameter is need do a large amount of simulation work in advance to finish, in case finish this process, after this just no longer need manual intervention, in real work, directly utilize this group parameter just can control Optical Maser System most effectively.
Claims (7)
1. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise the resonant cavity that output cavity mirror (4) is formed, high-voltage amplifier (11), main control computer (10), telescope (2), power meter (7), condenser lens (8), narrow band filter slice (5), reflection deformable mirror (1) is as the height reflection end mirror of resonant cavity of solid state laser, telescope (2) is with beam size in the resonant cavity and reflection deformable mirror (1) bore coupling, after process gain media (3) amplifies laser, by output cavity mirror (4) output beam, this light beam process narrow band filter slice (5) filters out other veiling glare except main output wavelength laser, after this output laser incides on the spectroscope (6), a branch of seeing through by power meter (7) receives so that measure power in real time, another bundle reflexes to condenser lens (8) and is focused on the hot spot detector (9) on its focal plane, image pick-up card in the main control computer (10) is gathered the light intensity signal that hot spot detector (9) detects, the target function that utilizes this signal will optimize as control algolithm in the main control computer (10), main control computer (10) outputs to high-voltage amplifier (11) to the voltage signal that the computing through overall Genetic Control algorithm obtains, this signal passes through high-voltage amplifier (11) again and amplifies, be applied on each driver of reflection deformable mirror (1), make reflection deformable mirror (1) towards allowing the direction of objective function optimization produce corresponding deflection, when target function is optimum, various aberrations in the resonant cavity in reflection deformable mirror (1) deformation range are compensated, and the light beam of output is the good basic mode light beam of beam quality; Described overall Genetic Control algorithm is achieved as follows:
(1) produce the initial population that individual amount is 15-100 at first at random, each individual correspondence respectively is as a face shape of the distorting lens of resonator end mirrors;
(2) behind the initialization population, adopt real coding that the individuality in the population is encoded;
(3) behind the coding, calculate the fitness of the correspondence of each minute surface individuality, the light intensity signal that detects with the hot spot detector is as the fitness function that will optimize of genetic algorithm;
(4) after each individual fitness is calculated, according to carrying out selection operation with the directly proportional roulette selection mode of fitness, in the mode that single-point intersects the individuality that is selected in the population is carried out interlace operation in twos according to crossover probability 0.5-0.99 again, and then itself carry out mutation operation to the part in the population is individual according to variation probability 0.001-0.9;
(5) above 4 steps of the every process of genetic algorithm are carried out once, will produce a new population, and constantly iteration is carried out above 4 steps, satisfies predefined termination condition up to algorithm.
2. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the reflectivity of described reflection deformable mirror (1) surpasses 99.9%.
3. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described reflection deformable mirror (1) is mainly by thin mirror surface (12), piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13), substrate (14) and contact conductor (15) are formed, substrate (14) is mainly used to support piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13), one end of piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13) links to each other with rigid substrates (14), the other end abuts against thin mirror surface (12), contact conductor (15) is connected on each piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13), draw by the through hole on the substrate (14), link to each other with high-voltage amplifier (11), thin mirror surface (12) generation of promotion deformation provides correspondent voltage thereby generation is stretched for piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13).
4. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described piezoelectric ceramic actuator (13) is formed by stacking by a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and each potsherd is in parallel and deflection superposes on circuit.
5. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described narrow band filter slice (5) has ± and the narrow-band of 10nm.
6. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described hot spot detector (9) is a ccd detector.
7. the resonant cavity of solid state laser system of Automatic Optimal zlasing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described telescope (2) is afocal telescope.
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