CN101079324A - Storage device, its life monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Storage device, its life monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses storage equipment, storage equipment life monitoring device and method, which comprises the following parts: erasing time obtaining mode, normal block proportional threshold mode, erasing time extracting mode and life index obtaining mode. The monitoring method of storage equipment life comprises the following steps: obtaining the erased time of each erasing mode of the storage mode; extracting several erased times according to the normal block proportional threshold and the erased time value; obtaining the life index of storage equipment life according to several erasing time; outputting alarm information when the life index reaches the life threshold. The invention can extract the erased time of several erasing modes according to the normal block proportional threshold, which realizes the monitor of entire life of the storage equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric digital processing technology, relate in particular to memory device, memory device life monitoring device and method for supervising.
Background technology
Multiple memory device based on flash memory (FLASH) is arranged now, as USB flash disk, SD card and solid state hard disc etc.FLASH is made up of a plurality of erasable blocks, and surpass maximum erasable number of times by the erasable number of times decision of maximum the serviceable life of erasable block, and erasable block will become bad piece, can't normally read and write.Thereby, need monitor the life-span of memory device, in time point out the user ID data serviceable life according to, in order to avoid cause loss of data.
Existing a kind of service life supervision scheme is, the erasable number of times of erasable block is monitored, if the erasable number of times of certain erasable block has arrived a certain threshold value, thinks that then the life-span of memory device expires.
Existing this service life supervision scheme is monitored respectively at each erasable block.To such an extent as to though reached maximum erasable number of times prior to other erasable blocks prematurely by excessive erasable this erasable block for fear of certain erasable block, many memory devices based on FLASH adopt the abrasion equilibration technology, erasable operation is evenly distributed on each erasable block, but, existing abrasion equilibration (wear leveling) can not guarantee that erasable operation is evenly distributed on each erasable block fully, thereby, the existing service life supervision scheme of monitoring respectively at each erasable block can not realize the monitoring to the whole memory device life-span, and this may cause some wrong informations.
For example, sometimes, the erasable number of times of many erasable blocks of memory device is the maximum erasable number of times of no show also, memory device can continue to use, but because erasable inhomogeneous, the erasable number of times of some erasable block has arrived predetermined threshold value, at this moment, the miscue user storage device life-span expires.
For another example, sometimes, the erasable number of times of some erasable blocks of memory device has arrived predetermined threshold value, should point out the life-span of user storage device to be about to expire, and in time carries out data backup.But, do not have monitoredly because these life-spans are about to overdue erasable block, and therefore the erasable number of times of monitored erasable block no show predetermined threshold also can't point out the user storage device life-span to be about to expire.When the erasable number of times arrival predetermined threshold of monitored erasable block, when the prompting user was about to expire in the life-span, not monitored erasable block may can't normally be read and write already, thereby can cause data degradation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is, memory device, memory device life monitoring device and method for supervising are provided, and the bulk life time based on the memory device of flash memory is monitored.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of memory device life monitoring device, comprising:
Erasable number of times obtains module, is used to obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and this normal blocks proportion threshold value is when memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in this memory device;
Erasable number of times extraction module is used for according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Index of aging obtains module, is used for obtaining according to several erasable number of times that extract the index of aging of the described memory device life status of sign.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of memory device service life supervision method, comprises the steps:
Obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
According to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extract several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Obtain to characterize the index of aging of described memory device life status according to described several erasable number of times.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is providing a kind of memory device, comprises storage unit, control module and service life supervision unit, and this service life supervision unit comprises:
Erasable number of times obtains module, is used to obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and this normal blocks proportion threshold value is when memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in this memory device;
Erasable number of times extraction module is used for according to described normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several described erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Index of aging obtains module, is used for obtaining according to several erasable number of times that extract the index of aging of the described memory device life status of sign.
The embodiment of the invention is extracted the erasable number of times of a plurality of erasable blocks according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and obtains to characterize the index of memory device bulk life time situations according to a plurality of erasable number of times, has realized the monitoring to the memory device bulk life time.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is memory device life monitoring device first structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is memory device life monitoring device second structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is memory device life monitoring device the 3rd structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the memory device service life supervision method first pass figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is memory device service life supervision method second process flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is memory device method for supervising the 3rd process flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is memory device one structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be memory device life monitoring device first structural representation of the embodiment of the invention, comprise that erasable number of times obtains module 10, normal blocks proportion threshold value module 20, erasable number of times extraction module 30 and index of aging obtain module 40.
Erasable number of times obtains the erasable number of times that module 10 is used to obtain each erasable block of memory device.
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module 20 is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value.
Erasable number of times extraction module 30 is used for according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Index of aging obtains module 40, is used for obtaining according to several erasable number of times that extract the index of aging of sign memory device life status.
Wherein, this normal blocks proportion threshold value is when memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in this memory device.If C% represents the normal blocks proportion threshold value, N represents the erasable block sum, and N*C% is the normal blocks number minimum value that allows when this memory device can normally use so, and N* (1-C%) is the maximum bad piece number of permission.If the normal blocks number is less than N*C%, perhaps bad piece number is greater than N* (1-C%), and then remaining space can't be stored some necessary datas, can think that the life-span of this memory device expires, can not re-use.
Normal blocks proportion threshold value C% can be set as required by the user.When required safe coefficient when higher, can set a bigger C%.
Present embodiment has been realized the monitoring to the memory device bulk life time according to the life-span of normal blocks proportion threshold value acquisition memory device; Can effectively avoid having arrived predetermined threshold value because of the erasable number of times of certain or some erasable blocks, and overdue situation of miscue user storage device life-span; By adjusting the normal blocks proportion threshold value, can realize different level of securitys, thereby satisfy the different needs of user.
As shown in Figure 2, be memory device life monitoring device second structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.On basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, the erasable number of times extraction module 30 of present embodiment specifically comprises order module 31, points to module 32,33 of regular moulds and extraction module 34.
Extracting mode is meant: how to extract erasable number of times near the erasable number of times that the normal blocks proportion threshold value is pointed to.Extracting mode can have multiple, for example, if needing the number of the erasable number of times of extraction is n, with B (i), i=1,2, ..., N represents erasable number of times sequence, and B (1) is minimum erasable number of times, B (C%*N) is a normal blocks proportion threshold value erasable number of times pointed, B (N) is maximum erasable number of times, so, extracting mode can for: extract the erasable number of times of n arrangement sequence number to the right continuously from B (C%*N) greater than C%*N, promptly extract B (C%*N+1), B (C%*N+2) ..., B (C%*N+n-1); Perhaps, with B (C%*N) is the center, and each extracts (n-1)/2 an erasable number of times (in order to guarantee sequence number is integer, and this moment, n should be odd number) to the left and right, promptly extract B (C%*N-(n-1)/2+1), B (C%*N-(n-1)/2+2) ..., B (C%*N), B (C%*N+1), B (C%*N+2) ..., B (C%*N+ (n-1)/2-1); In addition, also can discontinuously extract, and each one extracted one.
The number n of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction all can preestablish, and also can be revised as required or is provided with by the user.
Can be with reference to two factors when setting number n: cause Life Calculation inaccurate in order to prevent shake, number n can not be too little; Bigger than normal for the erasable number of times that prevents to calculate, number n again can not be excessive.For example, number n can be selected desirable n=N*C%*2% in greater than 80 scopes less than N*2%.
Can adopt multiple extracting mode to extract erasable number of times in the present embodiment, the individual number average of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction can be set as required by the user, thereby can better satisfy user's multiple monitoring demand to the monitoring of memory device bulk life time, and can effectively avoid having arrived predetermined threshold value, and overdue situation of miscue user storage device life-span because of the erasable number of times of certain or some erasable blocks.
In another embodiment, the extraction module 34 of erasable number of times extraction module 30 can obtain erasable number of times sequence from order module 31, at this moment, point to module 32 and export the position of determining to extraction module 34, extraction module 34 obtains erasable number of times sequence from order module 31.
As shown in Figure 3, be memory device life monitoring device the 3rd structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.On basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, index of aging obtains module 40 and specifically comprises: maximum erasable number of times module 41, mean value module 42 and ratio module 43.
Maximum erasable number of times module 41 is used to store the maximum erasable number of times of erasable block.The type of the FLASH that maximum erasable number of times can adopt according to memory device determines, for example, can reach 1,000,000 times with the maximum erasable number of times of non-(NAND) type FLASH, or the maximum erasable number of times of non-(NOR) type FLASH can reach 100,000 times; Also can determine maximum erasable number of times according to the performance parameter of FLASH manufacturer; Also can be provided with as the case may be by the user.
Present embodiment has also further added alarm module 50, and this module is used for outputting alarm signal when index of aging reaches predefined lifetime threshold, and the prompting user storage device life-span expires.
Lifetime threshold can preestablish also and can according to circumstances be set by the user.For example,, when index of aging reaches 85%, then can point out the user storage device life-span to be about to expire so, and the prompting user carry out necessary backup measure if lifetime threshold is set to 85%.
Present embodiment can be set the maximum erasable number of times of erasable block, and the ratio of the mean value of the erasable number of times of employing extraction and maximum erasable number of times is as index of aging, when index of aging arrives lifetime threshold, automatically alarm, thereby can be according to monitoring to the memory device bulk life time, in time remind the user that data are backed up, avoid the unnecessary data loss.
As shown in Figure 4, the memory device service life supervision method first pass figure for the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps:
The erasable number of times of steps A 1, each erasable block of acquisition memory device; Because the needs of equipment control, the erasable number of times of each erasable block of meeting storage in the memory device can be by reading the erasable number of times that relevant data obtain each erasable block;
Steps A 2, according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extract several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Several erasable number of times that steps A 3, basis extract obtain to characterize the index of aging of memory device life status.
Present embodiment has been realized the monitoring to the memory device bulk life time according to the life-span of normal blocks proportion threshold value acquisition memory device.By adjusting the normal blocks proportion threshold value, can realize different level of securitys, thereby satisfy the different needs of user.
As shown in Figure 5, memory device service life supervision method second process flow diagram for the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps:
The erasable number of times of step B1, each erasable block of acquisition memory device;
Step B2, the erasable number of times of each erasable block is sorted from small to large, generate erasable number of times sequence;
Step B3, determine the position of erasable number of times in erasable number of times sequence of its sensing according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value;
Step B4, extract erasable number of times according to extracting rule; Extracting rule can comprise the number of extracting mode and extraction, can preestablish, and also can be determined as required by the user;
The mean value of the erasable number of times that step B5, calculating extract;
Step B6, calculate the ratio of this mean value and maximum erasable number of times, with this ratio as the index of aging that characterizes the memory device life status.
Present embodiment extracts erasable number of times according to extracting rule, and the ratio of the mean value of the erasable number of times that will extract and maximum erasable number of times is as index of aging, thereby realization is to the monitoring of memory device bulk life time; Extracting rule can preestablish, and also can be determined as required by the user, thereby can satisfy user's multiple monitoring demand flexibly.
As shown in Figure 6, memory device method for supervising the 3rd process flow diagram for the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps:
The erasable number of times of step C1, each erasable block of acquisition memory device;
Step C2, the erasable number of times of each erasable block is sorted from small to large, generate erasable number of times sequence B (i), i=1,2 ..., N; Wherein N is the total number of erasable block;
Step C3, determine that according to normal blocks proportion threshold value C% the position of erasable number of times in erasable number of times sequence of its sensing is N*C%;
Step C4, basis are extracted N*C%*2% erasable number of times continuously since the N*C%+1 place, promptly extract B (N*C%+1), B (N*C%+2) ..., B (N*C%+N*C%*%2-1);
The mean value of N*C%*2% the erasable number of times that step C5, calculating extract;
Step C6, calculate the ratio of this mean value and maximum erasable number of times, with this ratio as the index of aging that characterizes the memory device life status;
Step C7, whether judge index of aging greater than lifetime threshold 85%, if, execution in step C8;
Step C8, outputting alarm information, the prompting user storage device life-span is about to expire.
Present embodiment extracts N*C%*2% erasable number of times according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and according to the ratio of the mean value of the erasable number of times that extracts and maximum erasable number of times as index of aging, thereby realization is to the monitoring of memory device bulk life time; Extract N*C%*2% erasable number of times and can prevent to shake the erasable number of times that causes and calculate inaccurately, can prevent that again the erasable number of times that calculates is bigger than normal; At index of aging during greater than lifetime threshold, the outputting alarm signal, thus in time point out the user storage device life-span to be about to expire, carry out the data necessary backup.
Service life supervision can at any time carry out.For example, for solid state hard disc, can be as required during operation whenever, obtain the current erasable number of times of each erasable block, draw the current life-span; Also can obtain the current erasable number of times of each erasable block, draw the current life-span every the regular hour.
As shown in Figure 7, memory device one structural representation for the embodiment of the invention comprises: storage unit 60, control module 70 and service life supervision unit 80.
The bulk life time of service life supervision unit 80 monitoring memory devices, this service life supervision unit 80 comprises: erasable number of times obtains module 81, normality threshold module 82, erasable number of times extraction module 83, index of aging acquisition module 84 and alarm module 85.
Erasable number of times obtains the erasable number of times that module 81 is used to obtain storage unit 60 each erasable block.
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module 82 is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value, this normal blocks proportion threshold value is for when memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in this storage unit 60, the normal blocks proportion threshold value can be stored and normal blocks proportion threshold value module 82 in advance, also can be by the user according to the actual conditions setting.
Erasable number of times extraction module 83 is used for according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value.
Index of aging obtains the index of aging that module 84 is used for obtaining according to several erasable number of times that extract sign memory device life status.
Alarm module 85 is used for outputting alarm signal when index of aging reaches predefined lifetime threshold, and lifetime threshold can also can be set by the user by default.
Erasable number of times extraction module 83 comprises: order module 831, sensing module 832, rule module 833 and extraction module 834.Order module 831 is used for the erasable number of times ordering to each erasable block, generates erasable number of times sequence.Point to module 832 and be used for determining the position of the erasable number of times of normal blocks proportion threshold value sensing in erasable number of times sequence.Rule module 833 is used to store extracting rule, and this extracting rule can comprise the number of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction, can store in advance with rule module 833 in, can have the user to set as required.Extraction module 834 is used for extracting erasable number of times according to extracting rule.
Index of aging obtains module 84 and comprises maximum erasable number of times module 841, mean value module 842 and ratio module 843.Maximum erasable number of times module 841 is used to store the maximum erasable number of times of erasable block, and the technical indicator that maximum erasable number of times can be provided by type or the FLASH manufacturer of FLASH is determined, also can be set by the user.Mean value module 842 is used to the mean value of several erasable number of times of obtaining to extract.Ratio module 843 is used to obtain the ratio of mean value and maximum erasable number of times, and exports this ratio to alarm module 85 as index of aging.
Present embodiment can be realized the monitoring to the memory device bulk life time, and normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracting rule, maximum erasable number of times and lifetime threshold etc. all can be provided with by the user, thereby can satisfy user's multiple monitoring demand; When the number of the erasable number of times of extraction was set, it was inaccurate both to have prevented that erasable number of times that shake causes from calculating, and has prevented that again the erasable number of times that calculates is bigger than normal, thereby has realized the memory device bulk life time is monitored more accurately; At index of aging during greater than lifetime threshold, the outputting alarm signal, thus in time point out the user storage device life-span to be about to expire, carry out the data necessary backup.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in the foregoing description method is to instruct relevant hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, and described storage medium is as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc.
The embodiment of the invention is extracted the erasable number of times of a plurality of erasable blocks according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and obtain life-span of memory devices according to a plurality of erasable number of times, realized monitoring to the memory device bulk life time, can effectively avoid having arrived predetermined threshold value because of the erasable number of times of certain or some erasable blocks, and overdue situation of miscue user storage device life-span; Normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracting rule, maximum erasable number of times and lifetime threshold etc. all can be provided with by the user, thereby can satisfy user's multiple monitoring demand; When the number of the erasable number of times of extraction was set, it was inaccurate both to have prevented that erasable number of times that shake causes from calculating, and has prevented that again the erasable number of times that calculates is bigger than normal, thereby has realized the memory device bulk life time is monitored more accurately; During greater than lifetime threshold, the outputting alarm signal in time points out the user storage device life-span to be about to expire at index of aging, carries out the data necessary backup, thereby can avoid the unnecessary data loss.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the field should be appreciated that still and can make amendment or the part technical characterictic is equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention; And not breaking away from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of memory device life monitoring device is characterized in that, described memory device life monitoring device comprises:
Erasable number of times obtains module, is used to obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and described normal blocks proportion threshold value is when described memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in the described memory device;
Erasable number of times extraction module is used for according to described normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several described erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Index of aging obtains module, is used for obtaining according to several described erasable number of times that extract the index of aging of the described memory device life status of sign.
2, memory device life monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described erasable number of times extraction module comprises:
Order module is used for the erasable number of times ordering to each erasable block, generates erasable number of times sequence;
Point to module, be used for determining the position of the erasable number of times of described normal blocks proportion threshold value sensing in described erasable number of times sequence;
Extraction module is used for extracting erasable number of times according to extracting rule and described position, and described extracting rule comprises the number of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction at least.
3, memory device life monitoring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described erasable number of times extraction module also comprises: rule module is used to be provided with described extracting rule.
4, memory device life monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described index of aging obtains module and comprises:
Maximum erasable number of times module is used to store the maximum erasable number of times of described erasable block;
The mean value module is used to the mean value of several described erasable number of times of obtaining to extract;
The ratio module is used to obtain the ratio of described mean value and the erasable number of times of described maximum, and with described ratio as the index of aging that characterizes described memory device life status.
5, memory device life monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described memory device life monitoring device also comprises:
Alarm module is used for outputting alarm signal when described index of aging reaches predefined lifetime threshold.
6, a kind of memory device service life supervision method is characterized in that, described memory device service life supervision method comprises the steps:
Obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
According to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, extract several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Obtain to characterize the index of aging of described memory device life status according to described several erasable number of times.
7, memory device service life supervision method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described according to the normal blocks proportion threshold value, the step of extracting several erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value specifically comprises:
Erasable number of times ordering to each erasable block generates erasable number of times sequence;
Determine the position of erasable number of times in described erasable number of times sequence that the normal blocks proportion threshold value is pointed to;
Extract erasable number of times according to extracting rule and described position, described extracting rule comprises the number of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction at least.
8, memory device service life supervision method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises before the described step according to extracting rule and the erasable number of times of described position extraction: extracting rule is set.
9, memory device service life supervision method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the described step that obtains the index of aging of the described memory device life status of sign according to described several erasable number of times comprises:
Obtain the mean value of described several erasable number of times;
Obtain the ratio of described mean value and the erasable number of times of described maximum, and with the index of aging of described ratio as the described memory device life status of sign.
10, memory device service life supervision method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described memory device service life supervision method also comprises: outputting alarm signal when described index of aging reaches predefined lifetime threshold.
11, a kind of memory device comprises storage unit and control module, it is characterized in that, described memory device also comprises the service life supervision unit, and described service life supervision unit comprises:
Erasable number of times obtains module, is used to obtain the erasable number of times of each erasable block of memory device;
Normal blocks proportion threshold value module is used to store the normal blocks proportion threshold value, and described normal blocks proportion threshold value is when described memory device can normally use, the minimum value of the ratio of normal erasable block number and erasable block sum in the described memory device;
Erasable number of times extraction module is used for according to described normal blocks proportion threshold value, extracts several described erasable number of times according to the size of each erasable number of times numerical value;
Index of aging obtains module, is used for obtaining according to several described erasable number of times that extract the index of aging of the described memory device life status of sign.
12, memory device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described erasable number of times extraction module comprises:
Order module is used for the erasable number of times ordering to each erasable block, generates erasable number of times sequence;
Point to module, be used for determining the position of the erasable number of times of described normal blocks proportion threshold value sensing in described erasable number of times sequence;
Extraction module is used for extracting erasable number of times according to extracting rule and described position, and described extracting rule comprises the number of the erasable number of times of extracting mode and extraction at least.
13, memory device according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described erasable number of times extraction module also comprises: rule module is used to be provided with extracting rule.
14, memory device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described index of aging obtains module and comprises:
Maximum erasable number of times module is used to store the maximum erasable number of times of described erasable block;
The mean value module is used to the mean value of several erasable number of times of obtaining to extract;
The ratio module is used to obtain the ratio of described mean value and the erasable number of times of described maximum, and with described ratio as the index of aging that characterizes described memory device life status.
15, memory device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described service life supervision unit also comprises:
Alarm module is used for outputting alarm signal when described index of aging reaches predefined lifetime threshold.
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| CN102237117A (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2011-11-09 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for calculating service life of mobile storage device |
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