CN101079196A

CN101079196A - Power factor compensation experiment instrument

Info

Publication number: CN101079196A
Application number: CNA2007100691029A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张春雷; 方李
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-05-29
Filing date: 2007-05-29
Publication date: 2007-11-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a new compensating experiment of power factor in the electrical experiment of college, which is characterized by the following: adopting three daylight lamps with amperite as inductive load; paralleling two stepping disc capacitances at 10X0.1 mu F and 10X1 mu F on two ends of inductive load; charging and discharging the compensating capacitance over 1uF around ferrite E typed frame; inhibiting the generation of inrush current and electric arc; improving the using life of apparatus.

Description

A kind of new power factor compensation experimental kits

Technical field

The present invention relates in colleges and universities' Experiment of Electrical Engineering the experimental apparatus that circuit power factor is compensated.

Background technology

Current, when colleges and universities test at power factor compensation, with after three white light parallel connections that have a ballast resistor as inductive load, the displayed value of voltage table and reometer can calculate the general power of circuit in the circuit, measure the active power of load from active power meter, both are divided by and draw power factor; Simultaneously, in parallel with the daylight lamp load is several capacitors, respectively can insert or cut out circuit by toggle switch and carry out power factor compensation.

Adopt paper dielectric capacitance when testing, because its loss is bigger, electric weight is longer release time in the past, though power factor can only compensate to about 0.9, the 5A toggle switch can and not shove because of electric arc when switching and bite switch.

Paper dielectric capacitance is superseded substantially now, does not have manufacturer production, and the newly-increased required capacitor of experimental apparatus can only adopt thin-film capacitor, the polypropylene film capacitor loss is little, price is low, and buying is convenient, but the release of the electric weight of polypropylene film capacitor is very fast, toggle switch is when switching, can produce electric arc and shove, capacitor especially capacious, 15A toggle switch are beaten and have severally just been clung after down, as adopt plug-in strip, because of exposed safety inadequately, and volume is too big, and instrument can not be placed any more yet.

In order to address this problem, patent No. ZL200520013666.7 is by on the lead to polypropylene film capacitor one end, pass a collection of ferrite bean, because ferrite bean does not almost have any impedance to the such low-frequency current of 50HZ, when building-out capacitor is cutting out or place in circuit moment, ferrite bean produces very high impedance, prolongs polypropylene film capacitor discharge time, and toggle switch can not clung.

Because ferrite bean is bad fixing, can go out in the transportation because of the ferrite bean deadweight excessive, the problem that the lead-in wire that is installed with magnetic bead is pulled from solder joint; Same long lead inductance value is also big inadequately, and efficient hand-manipulated is low.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to design a kind of new power factor compensation experimental kits, cut out or during place in circuit, make switch not produce that the inductance production that electric arc or moment shove is easy, inductance value big, convenient fixing at thin film capacitor.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is such: civil power by the automatic coupling voltage regulator place in circuit after, be adjusted to required experimental voltage by the A.C. voltmeter demonstration, alternating current ammeter is connected in the equipment circuit, there is the daylight lamp load of three band ballast resistors to be connected in parallel on input end in the circuit, and the active power that detects the daylight lamp load consumption arranged in the power meter place in circuit, in parallel with the daylight lamp load is the capacitor of 10 * 0.1 μ F and two step discs of 10 * 1 μ F, and other has the capacitor of 11 μ F; Two step disc 0～100 used capacitors of a step value all take 1,2,3,3,7 combinations: bilevel two normally closed contacts of double-pole 11 throw switches connect with lead, two-layer " 0 " contact does not have connection, connect " 4 " contact of double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors and " 8 " contact of lower floor again behind " 1 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of 1 unit value, connect " 5 " contact of double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors and " 9 " contact of lower floor again behind " 2 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of 2 unit values, " 6 " contact that connects double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors behind " 3 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of first 3 unit value again, " 4 " on the capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switch upper stratas of second 3 unit value, " 5 ", " 10 " contact that connects double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors behind " 6 " contact again, " 7 " on the capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switch upper stratas of 7 unit values, " 8 ", " 9 ", " 10 " contact, the normally closed contact of double-pole 11 throw switches and an end of 11 μ F capacitors are connected with an end of daylight lamp load on two step discs, the other end that it is characterized in that five capacitors on 10 * 1 μ F step discs through the coil on ferrite E type skeleton after, with five double-pole double throw switch K ₁Five normally closed contacts connect respectively, promptly every capacitor connects a normally closed contact, five double-pole double throw switch K separately ₁The contact, upper strata connect the other end of daylight lamp load, the lower floor contact is spent K switch extravagantly with double-pole ten after through 10K Ω resistance ₃Corresponding contact connects; The other end of 11 μ F capacitors through the coil on ferrite E type skeleton after, with single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂Normally closed contact connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂Contact, upper strata and five double-pole double throw switch K ₁The contact, upper strata connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂The lower floor contact be connected with the normally closed contact of double-pole 11 throw switches after through 10K Ω resistance.

Coil on ferrite E type skeleton does not almost have any impedance to the 50HZ low-frequency current, so in the power factor compensation experiment, inoperative to various experimental datas, when electric capacity is cutting out or place in circuit moment, immediate current changes very fast, telefault on the ferrite can produce very high induction reactance, and the impact that therefore can avoid the generation of electric arc and suppress to shove makes the long-term use of switch can the contact interlock.Lead on the coil can with winder around, the fixing support of E type ferrite magnetic core, the producer that produces E type ferrite magnetic core is directly on sale, E type ferrite magnetic core and coil stationary on instrument easily, and the inductance of same long lead is greater more than wearing ferrite bean on the E type ferrite magnetic core.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is power factor compensation instrument circuit figure

In the accompanying drawing 1, automatic coupling voltage regulator 2, A.C. voltmeter 3, alternating current ammeter

4, active power meter 5, the daylight lamp of three band ballast resistors and the inductive load that is unified into

K _1-1, K _1-2, K _1-3, K _1-4, K _1-5Be that the building-out capacitor access cuts out with five double-pole double throw switch K on the 1 μ F step disc ₁Five layers

K ₂Be that 11 μ F compensation condensers insert to cut out and use single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)

K ₃Be that double-pole ten on the 1 μ F step disc is spent K switch extravagantly ₄Be double-pole 11 throw switches on the 0.1 μ F step disc

Embodiment

In the accompanying drawings, insert the automatic coupling voltage regulator 1 of 220V civil power, be adjusted to the experimental voltage of requirement according to the experiment needs, and by A.C. voltmeter 2 demonstrations, when building-out capacitor all cut out from circuit, the power number that active power meter 4 reads from be connected on circuit was a power factor divided by the merchant of ampere number that is connected on alternating current ammeter 3 on the circuit and voltmeter reading scalar product gained.When the indicating value on the 1 μ F step disc increases, voltage table 2 is motionless with power meter 4 pointers, but alternating current ammeter 3 increases electric current with electric capacity and reduces, after indicating value on the 1 μ F step disc is put " 10 ", change the incision of 11 μ F capacitors, the indicating value reset on the 1 μ F step disc increases the indicating value on the 1 μ F step disc again, electric current minimum when being 12 μ F～13 μ F to shunt capacitance, this is interval spends K switch extravagantly with the double-pole ten on the 0.1 μ F step disc ₄Come size respectively, after power factor was near 1, when increasing shunt capacitance again, electric current increased with electric capacity, and at this moment entire circuit is capacitive load.

Two step discs all are by double-pole 11 throw switches capacitor to be carried out 1,2,3,3,7 combinations, spend K switch extravagantly as double-pole ten ₃: when throwing " 1 ", " 2 ", " 3 ", " 7 ", switch determines by single capacitor value itself, 3 μ F capacitors are in parallel with 1 μ F capacitor when throwing " 4 ", 3 μ F are in parallel with 2 μ F when throwing " 5 ", two 3 μ F association when throwing " 6 ", and 7 μ F are in parallel with 1 μ F when throwing " 8 " ... until 10 μ F.

Capacitor on two step discs maximal value in parallel is 11 μ F, adds 11 μ F capacitors totally 22 μ F.

Among the figure, inductance L ₁, L ₂, L ₃, L ₄, L ₅Be that 1 μ F step disc double-pole ten is spent K switch extravagantly ₃On telefault, the discharge of 7 μ F capacitors the time avoids electric arc to need on the coil of ferrite E20 type skeleton around 10 circles, therefore, inductance L ₁, L ₂, L ₃, L ₄, L ₅Be on same ferrite E20 type skeleton around five groups of coils, for avoiding getting wrong, all use φ 0.4 line footpath around 10 circles.Resistance R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₅The double-pole ten that is 1 μ F stepping is spent K switch extravagantly ₁On resistance, work as K switch ₁When depositing layer contact, each capacitor is by conductive discharge, resistance R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₅All adopt 10K Ω 2W resistance.Inductance L ₆, be the telefault on the 11 μ F capacitors, the discharge of 11 μ F capacitors the time avoids electric arc to need on the coil of ferrite E20 type skeleton around 14 circles, inductance L ₆Enclose resistance R with φ 0.68 line footpath around 14 ₆K switch ₂On resistance, work as K switch ₂When depositing layer contact, 11 μ F capacitors are by conductive discharge, resistance R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₅, R ₆Adopt 10K Ω 2W resistance.Because experimental period can not surpass 2 hours, how many surpluses the line footpath of coil upper conductor needn't stay.

Because the loss of CBB60 metalizing polypropylene thin film capacitor is little, self-healing feature is arranged, be useful on fixing hole, inexpensive and be easy to buying, so this experiment instrument adopts this kind capacitor.

Claims

A kind of new power factor compensation experimental kits, civil power by automatic coupling voltage regulator (1) place in circuit after, be adjusted to required experimental voltage, detect by A.C. voltmeter (2), alternating current ammeter (3) is connected in the circuit, and has in power meter (4) place in circuit, and the daylight lamp load (5) of three band ballast resistors is arranged in the circuit, in parallel with the daylight lamp load is the capacitor of 10 * 0.1 μ F and two step discs of 10 * 1 μ F, and other has the capacitor of 11 μ F; Two step disc 0～100 used capacitors of a step value all take 1,2,3,3,7 combinations: bilevel two normally closed contacts of double-pole 11 throw switches connect with lead, two-layer " 0 " contact does not have connection, connect " 4 " contact of double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors and " 8 " contact of lower floor again behind " 1 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of 1 unit value, connect " 5 " contact of double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors and " 9 " contact of lower floor again behind " 2 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of 2 unit values, " 6 " contact that connects double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors behind " 3 " contact of capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switches of first 3 unit value again, " 4 " on the capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switch upper stratas of second 3 unit value, " 5 ", " 10 " contact that connects double-pole 11 throw switch lower floors behind " 6 " contact again, " 7 " on the capacitor one end welding double-pole 11 throw switch upper stratas of 7 unit values, " 8 ", " 9 ", " 10 " contact, the normally closed contact of double-pole 11 throw switches and an end of 11 μ F capacitors are connected with an end of daylight lamp load on two step discs, the other end that it is characterized in that five capacitors on 10 * 1 μ F step discs through the coil on ferrite E type skeleton after, with five double-pole double throw switch K ₁Five normally closed contacts connect respectively, promptly every capacitor connects a normally closed contact, five double-pole double throw switch K separately ₁The contact, upper strata connect the other end of daylight lamp load, the lower floor contact is spent K switch extravagantly with double-pole ten after through 10K Ω resistance ₃Corresponding contact connects; The other end of 11 μ F capacitors through the coil on ferrite E type skeleton after, with single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂Normally closed contact connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂Contact, upper strata and five double-pole double throw switch K ₁The contact, upper strata connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K ₂The lower floor contact be connected with the normally closed contact of double-pole 11 throw switches after through 10K Ω resistance.