CN101076416A - Forged aluminum vehicle wheel and associated method of manufacture and alloy - Google Patents
Forged aluminum vehicle wheel and associated method of manufacture and alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101076416A CN101076416A CN200580027577.0A CN200580027577A CN101076416A CN 101076416 A CN101076416 A CN 101076416A CN 200580027577 A CN200580027577 A CN 200580027577A CN 101076416 A CN101076416 A CN 101076416A
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- wheel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/38—Making machine elements wheels; discs rims; tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
- Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
- Y10T29/49524—Rim making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
- Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
- Y10T29/49524—Rim making
- Y10T29/49529—Die-press shaping
Abstract
A method of making a forged aluminum vehicle wheel includes forging a low copper bearing 7000 series aluminum alloy into a wheel workpiece followed by initial cooling and machining and surface treatment. Aging which may be natural aging, artificial aging or both may be provided after cooling and before or after machining. Corresponding forged aluminum wheels are disclosed. The low copper bearing 7000 series forged aluminum wheel has superior fatigue properties. An alloy suitable for use in the method and wheel is disclosed.
Description
1. invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of improved forged aluminium wheel and utilization and contain the method that 7000 series alloys that hang down copper are made this type of wheel.
2. the description of prior art
Knownly in the manufacturing of wheel, can adopt aluminium alloy.United States Patent (USP) 6,315,367 disclose a kind of cast aluminium truck wheel, it is said that it has avoided the welding of the wheel disc and the wheel rim of independent manufacturing.
People just know employing aluminium alloy 6061 in the commercialization of truck wheel is made for a long time.Known can following shrend and artificial aging and produce the reflectal wheel of making by alloy 6061 by forging is carried out solution heat treatment.Be known that equally suggestion uses casting alloy 356 in ratch.Usually referring to United States Patent (USP) 4,316,637.
United States Patent (USP) 4,345, but 360 disclose a kind of by pushing, cut, be deformed into desired shape and by extruding aluminium alloy such as cold welding welding.
At United States Patent (USP) 5,026, advised on commerial vehicle, using the aluminium wheel in 122.Equally referring to United States Patent (USP) 5,740, disclosed two-piece wheel in 609.
At United States Patent (USP) 5,441, aluminium alloy 6061 and 5454 and the use of A356 are disclosed in 334.Referring to United States Patent (USP) 5,210,948, it discloses a kind of aluminium alloy 6013 that is used for creeper truck (for example, tank) and has taken turns in addition.
Disclose the use of the aluminium alloy 7075 of cupric, be used for being generally on the non-inflatable tyre vehicle wheel component tyre surface member of C shape.Referring to United States Patent (USP) 4,558,727.
The U.S. Patent application of having announced 2002/0003373 discloses the aluminium alloy 7050 and 7075 of cupric and has produced the cold forging wheel and revolving the use of making in the light alloy wheel rim.Described wheel rim it is said it is by 5000 series alloys manufacturings, and this alloy it is said to have intensity and the light weight that is similar to the cold forging alloy rims.
United States Patent (USP) 4,490,189 disclose the mold pressing or the forging of 2000,6000 or 7000 series alloys, but do not relate to wheel and focus on certain heat treatment sequence.
Although above-mentioned disclosing arranged, yet still there are very actual and sizable demand to having the wheel that improves performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has satisfied above-mentioned needs.
An embodiment making the method for the aluminum vehicle wheel that forges comprises that 7000 series alloys ingots with low copper forge into the wheel workpiece, initially cool off the wheel workpiece of described forging, then described workpiece of machining and the described workpiece of surface treatment.
Take turns to compare by the forged aluminium wheel and 6061 of the 7000 series alloy manufacturings that contain low copper and be characterised in that to have improved fatigue behaviour.
The present invention includes and be applicable to described unique alloy of taking turns.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and resulting wheel of making the forged aluminium wheel, this is taken turns the weight with desired intensity and reduction and has similar fatigue life simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method and resulting wheel of making the forged aluminium wheel, and this is taken turns and demonstrates improved fatigue behaviour.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of making the forged aluminium wheel, and this method can minimize caused forgings of the residual stress back that shrend produces after the moulding of prior art and distort.
Another purpose of the present invention provides improved heat treatment, and it helps to reduce the undesirable distortion of taking turns.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method that needs the forging of machining after the less moulding to contain low copper 7000 series aluminum wheel of making.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of alloy that can be used for described method and wheel.
Another object of the present invention provides such method and will have the relevant forged aluminium wheel that improves intensity.
By following detailed description of the present invention and with reference to the additional these and other objects that invention will be more fully understood that illustrate.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that shows first embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of another embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of another embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of another embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of another embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of another embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 7 is the diagram of the relation curve between the circulation that starts of load and fatigue crack, has contrasted by the aluminium forging single type wheel of 6061 alloy manufacturings with by the present invention to contain the aluminium forging single type wheel that low copper 7000 series alloys are made.
The description of preferred embodiment
Term as used herein " car " means that have pneumatic tire and be configured to can be on road or the motorization wheeled vehicle that leaves the road and drive, and clearly includes but is not limited to automobile, 1-8 type truck, motion purposes vehicle, lorry (vans), pick-up truck, bus, RV, motorcycle, Construction traffic, is configured to by motorization tractor tow trailer, trailer peculiar to vessel and camping trailer.
Term as used herein " wheel workpiece " means separately or becomes the workpiece of wheel when being connected with one or more members.
Term as used herein " low copper " means (1) does not have the content of copper or (2) copper to be lower than described maximum.
Here all percentages of quoting all refer to percentage by weight, unless clear and definite opposite explanation is arranged.
The present invention is by containing forged aluminium wheel and the manufacture method thereof that low copper 7000 series alloys are made.
Method of the present invention comprises from containing low copper 7000 series alloys ingots to be made the wheel workpiece and makes the forged aluminium wheel.After forging be lower than for 30 /seconds and preferably be lower than for 15 /seconds and most preferably from about 0.1 /second to the speed of 4 /seconds initially cool off, machining is described subsequently takes turns workpiece and surface treatment.
Preferably contain low copper 7000 series alloys consisting of: about zinc of 3 to 7% based on weight, about magnesium of 0.5 to 2%, be lower than 1% manganese, be lower than 0.3% chromium, about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.3%, be lower than 0.2% titanium, be lower than 0.2% copper and as impurity 0.4% iron and 0.35% silicon at the most at the most, surplus is an aluminium.
Another preferably contains low copper 7000 series alloys: about zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%, and about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5% is lower than 0.7% manganese; Be lower than 0.2% chromium, about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18% is lower than 0.1% titanium, is lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.
Most preferredly contain low copper 7000 series alloys and have following composition: about zinc of 3.6 to 4.6% based on weight; About magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5%; About manganese of 0.1 to 0.5%; About chromium of 0.06 to 0.2%; About zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18%; About titanium of 0.02 to 0.06%; Be lower than 0.1% copper, and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.Copper content can be about 0.02 to 0.1 weight %.
One of advantage of the present invention is to carry out traditional solution heat treatment of shrend after it does not need, and facilitates distortion thereby this processing often accumulates internal stress in wheel, uses more materials and requires additional machining.
In the present invention, cooling can and can be by still air or compulsory (for example, air blast or compression) air for the form of air chilling after the initial moulding.Should initial cooling preferably the described work-piece cools of taking turns also can be cooled to environment temperature with it at least 400 .Can carry out natrual ageing some days and preferred about one hour to seven days, and carry out artificial aging subsequently.Described artificial aging can carried out in during about one to eight hour under first temperature of about 200 to 250 , and then carries out under the temperature of about 290 to 360 about two to 16 hours.
Being used for preferred alloy of the present invention has 7004,7005,7108,7003,7008,7108A, 7018,7019,7019A, 7020 and 7021 aluminium alloys.
Low copper 7000 series alloys that contain that adopted in making forging wheel of the present invention are preferably the T5 state.If requirement also can use other state such as T1, T6 and T7.
Be understandable that, just as well known to the skilled person, can construct the wheel workpiece and make to become to have integrally formed wheel disc and around the single type wheel of wheel rim.It can also be a wheel disc and around wheel rim independently, can utilize at least a fixed form that is selected from welding and machanical fastener that both are coupled together the formation wheel construction.Of the present inventionly contain low copper 7000 series alloys and be easy to weld for this purpose.
After the artificial aging that realizes wheel or the desired reinforcement of wheel workpiece is finished; the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out machining; can carry out surperficial prestress and improve fatigue behaviour and uniformity, carry out surface finish and protective finish typically is provided to give the compressive residual stress state.
Described protective finish can be the curable coating that can solidify at elevated temperatures, and solidifying at elevated temperatures also can be step of artificially aged.For example, curing can be carried out about ten to 80 minutes at about 300 to 380 .Described protective finish provides corrosion resistance.
Referring to Fig. 1, consider first embodiment of the inventive method.To for example forge 6 under about 200 to 1000 with containing the aluminium ingot 2 that low copper 7000 series alloys make, so that produce the wheel workpiece, then by forcing air chilling 10 that it is cooled off, described quenching preferably is reduced to temperature about 100 to 400 , afterwards aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out natrual ageing 12, in described illustrated embodiment, described natrual ageing can continue about one hour to seven days.Subsequently, described workpiece is carried out artificial aging 14, in artificial aging 14 described in this method for optimizing are two step processes, first step 14A continues about one to eight hour at about 200 to 250 , then the second step 14B continues about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 , and the total time of two artificial aging steps is about three to twenty four hours.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out machining 20 and obtains desired shape and carry out surface finish 24 to obtain desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; it can comprise for example surface preparation 28A; cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 28B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 28C; for example, apply acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating is cured 28D and continues about ten to 80 minutes.
Turn to another embodiment of the inventive method now and with reference to Fig. 2, shown with containing the aluminium ingot 32 that low copper 7000 series alloys are made, under about 200 to 1000 , it is forged 36 and produce the wheel workpiece, subsequently by forcing air chilling 40 with its cooling, preferably temperature is reduced to about 100 to 400 , thereafter described aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out machining 42 so that obtain desired shape.Subsequently, described workpiece is carried out artificial aging 44, in artificial aging 44 described in this method for optimizing are two step processes, first step 44A continues about one to eight hour at about 200 to 250 , then the second step 44B continues about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 , and the total time of two artificial aging steps is about three to twenty four hours.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out surface finish 54 and obtains desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; treatment step for example comprises; surface preparation 58A; cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 58B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 58C for example, applies acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating was cured 58D lasting about ten to 80 minutes.
Turn to another embodiment of the inventive method now and with reference to Fig. 3, shown with containing the aluminium ingot 62 that low copper 7000 series alloys are made, under about 200 to 1000 , it is forged 66 and produce the wheel workpiece, subsequently by forcing air chilling 70 with its cooling, preferably temperature is reduced to about 100 to 400 , thereafter described aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out natrual ageing 72, this natrual ageing is 72 sustainable about one hour to seven days in graphic this embodiment.Subsequently, described workpiece is carried out artificial aging 74, in artificial aging 74 described in this method for optimizing are two step processes, first step 74A continues about one to eight hour at about 200 to 250 , then the second step 74B continues about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 , and the total time of two artificial aging steps is about three to twenty four hours.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out machining and prestress 80 and obtains compressive residual stress state in desired shape and the surface, and carry out surface finish 84 then and obtain desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; its treatment step comprises: surface preparation 88A; for example cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 88B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 88C for example applies acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating was cured 88D about ten to eight minutes.
Turn to another embodiment of the inventive method now and with reference to Fig. 4, shown with containing the aluminium ingot 102 that low copper 7000 series alloys are made, under about 200 to 1000 , it is forged 106 and produce the wheel workpiece, subsequently by forcing air chilling 110 with its cooling, preferably temperature is reduced to about 100 to 400 , thereafter described aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out machining and prestress 112 and obtain compressive residual stress state in desired shape and the surface.Subsequently, described workpiece is carried out artificial aging 114, in artificial aging 114 described in this method for optimizing are two step processes, first step 114A continues about one to eight hour at about 200 to 250 , then the second step 114B continues about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 , and the total time of two artificial aging steps is about three to twenty four hours.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out surface finish 124 and obtains desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; its treatment step for example comprises; surface preparation 128A; cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 128B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 128C for example, applies acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating was cured 128D about ten to 80 minutes.
Turn to another embodiment of the inventive method now and with reference to Fig. 5, shown with containing the aluminium ingot 132 that low copper 7000 series alloys are made, under about 200 to 1000 , it is forged 136 and produce the wheel workpiece, subsequently by forcing air chilling 140 with its cooling, it preferably is reduced to temperature about 100 to 400 , thereafter described aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out machining 142 to obtain desired shape.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out surface finish 154 and obtains desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; treatment step for example comprises; surface preparation 158A; for example cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 158B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 158C for example, applies acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating was cured 158D lasting about ten to 80 minutes.This embodiment of the inventive method has illustrated the forged aluminium wheel that low copper 7000 series alloys are made with containing of T1 state.
Turn to another embodiment of the inventive method now and with reference to Fig. 6, shown with containing the aluminium ingot 162 that low copper 7000 series alloys are made, under about 200 to 1000 , it is forged 166 and produce the wheel workpiece, subsequently by forcing air chilling 170 with its cooling, preferably temperature is reduced to about 100 to 400 , thereafter described aluminium wheel workpiece is carried out machining and prestress 172 and obtain compressive residual stress state in desired shape and the surface.Then the described workpiece of taking turns is carried out surface finish 184 and obtains desired (for example polishing, texture or satin light) outward appearance.Apply protective finish for the described workpiece of taking turns then; treatment step for example comprises; surface preparation 188A; cleaning and/or etching and/or anodization; dry 188B under about room temperature to 250 ; polymer-coated 188C for example, applies acrylic acid coatings and at about 300 to 380 described coating was cured 188D about ten to 80 minutes.This embodiment of the inventive method has shown low copper 7000 series alloys are made with containing of T1 state the forging and the aluminium wheel of prestress.
Be understandable that, as well-known to those skilled in the art, described forging wheel workpiece can be that single type forges or single type forges and revolves (spun) of system, also can be multi-piece type welding and/or mechanical fasteners, for example, have moulded board wheel disc and rolled sheet metal wheel rim, this is taken turns workpiece and can utilize still air, force air, spraying, spray or any other suitable method or medium to carry out quenching or cooling after the moulding, with the cooldown rate that obtains to look for.Can produce and have or do not have the surface compression residual stress state that causes by prestressing force.It can carry out or not carry out surface finish and produce.It can have or not have protective finish and produce, for outward appearance and/or corrosion resistance, its can have the polymer protective finish such as, for example acrylic acid, polyester or other material, paint coatings, chrome plating coating or any other coating that is fit to.If requirement can be adopted surface finish and protective finish simultaneously.
Be understandable that,, can heat-treat to optimize the combination of nature and artificially aged the wheel workpiece according to structure section thickness as well-known to those skilled in the art.An example of this optimization can comprise and utilizes long firing rate to replace natural aging time under ambient room temperature to first step artificial aging temperature.Be understandable that equally,, can slightly regulate so that reach character such as the intensity and the corrosion resistance of gained material described artificial aging as well known to those skilled in the art.For the example of this adjusting well known to those skilled in the art comprises, the equipment intensification degree that will be possible to use (just, the rate of heat addition relatively slowly) combine with shorter retention time under the uniform temperature, and the operation of the preferred second step timeliness can be directly to heat up or can exist between first and second steps from the first step intentionally to have a mind to and tangible time/temperature interrupt.Another variation of artificially aged can be put upside down first and second steps.Equally extensively be known that, be warmed up to given or target treatment temperature and/or itself can produce the timeliness effect from the cooling of given or target treatment temperature, this may and usually need to take in by this type of alternating temperature condition and their timeliness effect are incorporated in total Ageing Treatment.For example, in programmable air furnace, described temperature can little by little be elevated to temperature levels in reasonable time length, even does not have the real retention time, and the Ageing Treatment of implementing to be fit to can be cooled to room temperature with metal afterwards.The timeliness mode of this combination more continuous, that have alternating temperature and the effect of corresponding a plurality of temperature timeliness thereof makes may carry out artificial aging with a continuous heat treatment in single programmable stove.Yet, for convenience and be convenient to understand, the preferred embodiments of the invention have been carried out describing in more detail, as if each step is all different with other step.
More detailed in now Fig. 7, shown the result who contains the test that low copper 7000 series alloys and standard 6061 alloy phases relatively carry out who in making forged aluminium wheel of the present invention, adopts.Described test is to have to induce the crooked member of wheel fully rotation test, and is considered to this is taken turns the design meaningful test.Fig. 7 is to be the relation curve that the logarithm of the load of unit and the circulation that fatigue crack begins is represented with Newton meter (n.m.) (N-m).For described 6061 alloys, as represented on the logarithmic scale, the crackle of 6061 alloys under the load of about 5039N-m begins to occur in average about 90, after 000 circulation, crackle under the load of about 4344N-m begins to occur in average about 180 subsequently, after 000 circulation and after the crackle under the load of about 3649N-m begins to occur in average about 670,000 circulations.In order to compare these fatigue test results and fatigue test results of the present invention, can see that the curve and 6061 tests that contain low copper 7000 series alloys fatigue tests are compared, the present invention has obtained sizable fatigue behaviour and has improved.For hanging down copper 7000 series alloys of the present invention containing, as represented on the logarithmic scale, crackle under the load of about 5039N-m begins to occur in about 750, after 000 circulation, crackle under the load of about 4344N-m begins to occur in after average about 1,3000,000 circulation and the crackle under the load of about 3649N-m begins to occur on average about 2 subsequently, after 500,000 circulations.Table I has demonstrated test data.
Table I
| Alloy | Load | Circulation | Crackle begins |
| 6061-T6 | 5039 5039 5039 4344 4344 4344 3649 3649 3649 | 100,000 90,000 70,000 200,000 200,000 150,000 823,000 646,359 546,000 | 90,000 180,000 670,000 |
| 7XXX-T5 | 5039 4344 4344 4344 3649 | 750,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,050,000 2,500,000 | 750,000 1,300,000 2,500,000 |
Be used at present that of the present invention preferably to contain low copper 7000 series alloys be that preferred condition is T5, T1,7004,7005,7108,7003,7008 of T6 and T7,7108A, 7018,7019,7019A, 7020 and 7021.When selecting T6 or T7, preferably after solution heat treatment, adopt the air cooling.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the described intensity that contains the raising of low copper 7000 series alloys allows described fixed leg bolt of taking turns to place more hightension.This has improved described fatigue strength of taking turns.For existing widely used post screw bolt and nut, the more high-intensity post screw bolt and nut of utilization of the present invention helps using the nut torque of about 480 to 500 foot-pounds even higher moment of torsion.
Although of the present invention the wheel can especially advantageously be applied on 1 to 8 grade of truck and the automobile, yet also can advantageously use on other car.
Although described specific embodiments of the present invention for explanation,, can under not deviating from the situation of setting forth in the claims of the present invention, carry out the change of many details obviously for those skilled in the art at this.
Claims (129)
1. a method of making the forged aluminium wheel comprises
To contain low copper 7000 series alloys ingots and forge into the wheel workpiece,
The described forging wheel of initial cooling workpiece,
Timeliness is described take turns workpiece and
The described workpiece of taking turns of machining before or after described timeliness.
2. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
From 7004,7005,7008,7003,7108,7108A, 7021,7018,7019, select described aluminium alloy in 7019A and 7020 aluminium alloys.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises
Use is selected from T5, T1, the described aluminium alloy of T6 and T7 state.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Describedly contain low copper 7000 series alloys and comprise based on weight:
About zinc of 3 to 7%;
About magnesium of 0.5 to 2%;
Be lower than 1% manganese;
Be lower than 0.3% chromium;
About zirconium of 0.05 to 0.3%;
Be lower than 0.2% titanium;
Be lower than 0.2% copper
As 0.4% the iron at the most of impurity and
0.35% silicon at the most; Surplus is an aluminium.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 comprises
Implement described initial cooling by air chilling.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 comprises
Implement described initial cooling with the speed that is lower than about 30 /seconds.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 comprises
Implement described initial cooling with the speed of about 0.1 to 4 /second.
8. method as claimed in claim 4 comprises
After described initial cooling and before the described machining, the described workpiece of taking turns of artificial aging.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 comprises, implements described artificial aging in two steps, and the first step has the aging temp that was lower than for second step.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 comprises
Implemented described first artificial aging about one to eight hour at about 200 to 250 .
11. the method as claim 10 comprises
Implemented described second artificial aging about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 .
12. the method as claim 11 comprises
Implement described two stage artificial aging about altogether three to twenty four hours.
13. method as claimed in claim 9 comprises
After described initial cooling but before described artificial aging, about one hour to seven days of the described workpiece of natrual ageing.
14. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Carry out surface treatment by producing desired appearance with after-applied protective finish.
15. the method as claim 14 comprises
Solidify described protective finish.
16. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
After the described initial cooling machining described take turns workpiece and
The wheel workpiece of the described machining of artificial aging after described machining.
17. the method as claim 16 comprises
Implement described artificial aging in two steps, the temperature of first step is lower than the temperature of second step.
18. the method as claim 17 comprises
About 200 to 250 implemented the described first artificial aging step about one to eight hour and
Implemented the described second artificial aging step about two to 16 hours at about 290 to 360 .
19. the method as claim 18 comprises
The dry described workpiece of taking turns after the surface preparation.
20. the method as claim 19 comprises
Apply curable coating to the described workpiece of taking turns after the described drying.
21. the method as claim 20 comprises
Solidified described coating about ten to 80 minutes at about 300 to 380 .
22. method as claimed in claim 6 comprises
Implement described initial cooling so that the described workpiece temperature of taking turns is reduced to about 100 to 400 .
23. method as claimed in claim 9 comprises
After the described artificial aging the described workpiece of taking turns is applied prestressing force.
24. method as claimed in claim 9 comprises
The described workpiece of taking turns of machining after described initial cooling but before described artificial aging.
25. method as claimed in claim 9 comprises
After described initial cooling but before described artificial aging, the described workpiece of taking turns is applied prestressing force.
26. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
After described initial cooling, implement described machining and surface finish and do not carry out artificial aging.
27. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
After described initial cooling, implement described machining, then carry out surface finish and artificial aging.
28. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt copper content be lower than about 0.1% describedly contain low copper 7000 series alloys.
29. the method as claim 15 comprises
Solidified described coating about ten to 80 minutes at about 300 to 380 .
30. the method as claim 16 comprises
Described timeliness comprises the combination of many temperature timeliness effect.
31. the method as claim 28 comprises
Adopt hang down copper 7000 series alloys described the containing of copper content about 0.02 to 0.1%.
32. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
The alloy that use has a following composition contains low albronze as described: about zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%, about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5%, about manganese of 0.1 to 0.5%; About chromium of 0.06 to 0.2%, about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18%, about titanium of 0.02 to 0.06% is lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.
33. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt described method to make the single type wheel.
34. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt described method to make multi-piece type aluminium wheel, and with at least a fixed form of machanical fastener described workpiece is connected by being selected from welding.
35. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises
Adopt 7005 as described aluminium alloy ingots.
36. the method as claim 35 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7005-T5.
37. the method as claim 35 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7005-T1.
38. the method as claim 35 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7005-T6.
39. the method as claim 35 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7005-T7.
40. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises
Adopt 7004 as described aluminium alloy ingots.
41. the method as claim 40 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7004-T5.
42. the method as claim 40 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7004-T1.
43. the method as claim 40 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7004-T6.
44. the method as claim 40 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7004-T7.
45. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises
Adopt 7108 as described aluminium alloy ingots.
46. the method as claim 45 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7108-T5.
47. the method as claim 45 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7108-T1.
48. the method as claim 45 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7108-T6.
49. the method as claim 45 comprises
Make described the wheel with 7108-T7.
50. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt described method to make the truck wheel.
51. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt described method to make automotive wheels.
52. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Utilize air chilling to implement described initial cooling.
53. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises,
Utilize compressed air to implement described initial cooling.
54., comprise as claim 1 method
Polish the wheel workpiece of described machining.
55. the method as claim 54 comprises
After described polishing, apply protective finish to described the wheel, and solidify described protective finish at elevated temperatures.
56. the method as claim 55 comprises
Implemented described curing about ten to 80 minutes at about 300 to 380 .
57. the method as claim 56 comprises
Implement artificial aging by described curing.
58. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Adopt zirconium content based on the described alloy of weight for about 0.05-0.18%.
59. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
In described alloy, adopt about zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%.
60. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
In described alloy, adopt about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5%.
61. the method as claim 59 comprises
In described alloy, adopt about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18%.
62. the method as claim 61 comprises
In described alloy, adopt about titanium of 0.02 to 0.06%.
63. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Describedly contain low copper 7000 series alloys and comprise based on weight:
About zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%, about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5% is lower than 0.7% manganese, is lower than 0.2% chromium, and about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18% is lower than 0.1% titanium, is lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.
64. the method as claim 63 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T5 state.
65. the method as claim 63 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T1 state.
66. the method as claim 63 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T6 state.
67. the method as claim 63 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T7 state.
68. the method as claim 32 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T5 state.
69. the method as claim 32 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T1 state.
70. the method as claim 32 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T6 state.
71. the method as claim 32 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T7 state.
72. a forged aluminium wheel comprises
By containing described wheel that low copper 7000 series alloys constitute.
73. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Hang down copper 7000 series alloys described containing, and it has following composition based on percentage by weight: about zinc of 3 to 7%, and about magnesium of 0.5 to 2% is lower than 1% manganese, is lower than 0.3% chromium, and about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.3% is lower than 0.2% titanium; Be lower than 0.2% copper and as the iron of impurity about at the most 0.4% and 0.35% silicon at the most, surplus is an aluminium.
74. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Hang down copper 7000 series alloys described containing, and is in the T5 state.
75. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Hang down copper 7000 series alloys described containing, and is in the T1 state.
76. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Hang down copper 7000 series alloys described containing, and is in the T6 state.
77. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Hang down copper 7000 series alloys described containing, and is in the T7 state.
78. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium wheel is a single type forged aluminium wheel.
79. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium wheel is the aluminium wheel that single type forged and revolved system.
80. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 74 comprises
Described aluminium wheel is multi-piece type aluminium wheel.
81. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Described 7000 series alloys have the copper of 0.02 to 0.1 weight %.
82. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 80 comprises
By at least a fixed form that is selected from welding and machanical fastener described aluminium wheel is secured together.
83. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
The total amount of iron and silicon is defined as maximum 0.50 weight %.
84. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the zinc of about 3.6 to 4.6 weight %.
85. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the magnesium of about 0.7 to 1.5 weight %.
86. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the copper that is lower than 0.1 weight %.
87. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the copper of about 0.02 to 0.1 weight %.
88. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the manganese of about 0.1 to 0.5 weight %.
89. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the chromium of about 0.06 to 0.2 weight %.
90. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the titanium of about 0.02 to 0.06 weight %.
91. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the zirconium of about 0.05 to 0.18 weight %.
92. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
The described wheel by 7005 aluminium alloys constitutes.
93. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 92 comprises
Described 7005 aluminium alloys are 7005-T5.
94. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 92 comprises
Described 7005 aluminium alloys are 7005-T1.
95. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 92 comprises
Described 7005 aluminium alloys are 7005-T6.
96. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 92 comprises
Described 7005 aluminium alloys are 7005-T7.
97. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
The described wheel by 7004 aluminium alloys constitutes.
98. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 97 comprises
Described 7004 aluminium alloys are 7004-T5.
99. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 97 comprises
Described 7004 aluminium alloys are 7004-T1.
100. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 97 comprises
Described 7004 aluminium alloys are 7004-T6.
101. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 97 comprises
Described 7004 aluminium alloys are 7004-T7.
102. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
The described wheel by 7108 aluminium alloys constitutes.
103. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 102 comprises
Described 7108 aluminium alloys are 7108-T5.
104. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 102 comprises
Described 7108 aluminium alloys are 7108-T1.
105. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 102 comprises
Described 7108 aluminium alloys are 7108-T6.
106. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 102 comprises
Described 7108 aluminium alloys are 7108-T7.
107. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Described aluminium wheel is single type aluminium wheel.
108. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Described aluminium wheel is two-piece type aluminium wheel.
109. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 108 comprises
Described two-piece type aluminium wheel forged aluminium wheel has wheel disc and the wheel rim that is secured together by at least a fastening means that is selected from welding and machanical fastener.
110. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 93 comprises
Described aluminium alloy has the copper of about 0.02 to 0.1 weight %.
111. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Describedly contain low copper 7000 series alloys and comprise based on weight:
About zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%, about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5% is lower than 0.7% manganese, is lower than 0.2% chromium, and about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18% is lower than 0.1% titanium, is lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.
112. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 111 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T5 state.
113. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 111 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T1 state.
114. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 111 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T6 state.
115. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 111 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T7 state.
116. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T5 state.
117. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T1 state.
118. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T6 state.
119. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 73 comprises
Make described the wheel with the T7 state.
120. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Described aluminium alloy is selected from 7004,7005,7008,7003,7108,7108A, 7021,7018,7019,7019A and 7020 aluminium alloys.
121. as the forged aluminium wheel of claim 73, it has carried out artificial aging by the following method, this method comprises
The first artificial aging step of about 200 to 250 and
The second artificial aging step of about 290 to 360 .
122. as the forged aluminium wheel of claim 121, the wherein said first artificial aging step has about one to eight hour duration, and the described second artificial aging step has two to 16 hours duration.
123. as the forged aluminium wheel of claim 73, the wherein said wheel passed through the combination that artificial aging and described timeliness comprise the effect of many temperature timeliness.
124. an aluminium alloy, it comprises based on weight:
About zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%, about magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5% is lower than 0.7% manganese; Be lower than 0.2% chromium, about zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18% is lower than 0.1% titanium, is lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, and surplus is an aluminium.
125. the aluminium alloy as claim 124 comprises
About zinc of 3.6 to 4.6%; About magnesium of 0.7 to 1.5%; About manganese of 0.1 to 0.5%; About chromium of 0.06 to 0.2%; About zirconium of 0.05 to 0.18%; About titanium of 0.02 to 0.06%; Be lower than 0.1% copper and about at the most altogether 0.5% as the iron of impurity and silicon, surplus is an aluminium.
126. the aluminium alloy as claim 124 comprises
About 0.02 to the 0.1 weight % of the amount of described copper.
127. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
After the described initial cooling artificial aging described take turns workpiece and
The described workpiece of taking turns of machining after the described artificial aging.
128. method as claimed in claim 1 comprises
Described forged aluminium wheel is characterised in that, compares with the forged aluminium wheel that is made of 6061 aluminium alloys to have improved fatigue behaviour.
129. the forged aluminium wheel as claim 72 comprises
Described forged aluminium wheel is characterised in that, compares with the forged aluminium wheel that is made of 6061 aluminium alloys to have improved fatigue behaviour.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58460604P | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | |
| US60/584,606 | 2004-07-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101076416A true CN101076416A (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| CN100525950C CN100525950C (en) | 2009-08-12 |
Family
ID=35784355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200580027577.0A Expired - Fee Related CN100525950C (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2005-06-24 | Forged aluminum vehicle wheel and associated method of manufacture and alloy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060000094A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1768797A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100525950C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006007483A2 (en) |
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| CN102642120A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-08-22 | 兰溪市同力机械有限公司 | Manufacturing process of dining-table support supporting arm |
| CN102864351A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-09 | 张家港市金邦铝业有限公司 | Aluminum profile and heating processing technology thereof |
| CN103820682A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-28 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Aluminum wheel and method for producing the same |
| CN104561861A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 福特全球技术公司 | Artificial aging process for high strength aluminum |
| CN107000469A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-08-01 | 高级工业国际股份有限公司 | Apply the method for coating to alloy wheel |
| CN112899594A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-04 | 东莞冠熹精密五金制品有限公司 | 7003 forging process for aluminum series material |
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- 2005-06-24 CN CN200580027577.0A patent/CN100525950C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-24 WO PCT/US2005/022506 patent/WO2006007483A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101812577A (en) * | 2010-05-09 | 2010-08-25 | 中信戴卡轮毂制造股份有限公司 | Method for reducing stress cracks of wheel blanks |
| CN101812577B (en) * | 2010-05-09 | 2011-05-25 | 中信戴卡轮毂制造股份有限公司 | Method for reducing stress cracks of wheel blanks |
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| CN102864351A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-09 | 张家港市金邦铝业有限公司 | Aluminum profile and heating processing technology thereof |
| CN103820682A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-28 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Aluminum wheel and method for producing the same |
| CN104561861A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 福特全球技术公司 | Artificial aging process for high strength aluminum |
| CN107000469A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-08-01 | 高级工业国际股份有限公司 | Apply the method for coating to alloy wheel |
| CN107000469B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2020-07-28 | 高级工业国际股份有限公司 | Method for applying a coating to an alloy wheel |
| CN112899594A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-04 | 东莞冠熹精密五金制品有限公司 | 7003 forging process for aluminum series material |
| CN113146149A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Method for producing special vehicle wheel by applying 7000 series aluminum alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006007483A2 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
| EP1768797A2 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
| WO2006007483A3 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| EP1768797A4 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
| CN100525950C (en) | 2009-08-12 |
| US20060000094A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
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