It with heavy oil the guider of exhaust-gas turbocharger of the internal-combustion piston engine of fuel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of claim 1 guider as described in the preamble, and a kind of method that the guide vane of this guider is adjusted.
Background technique
DE 100 13 335 A1 disclose a kind of guider that is used for the exhaust gas turbine with axial flow machine of turbosupercharger, wherein are supported with some guide vanes in the turbine case adjustably.Each guide vane all can be connected around the adjustment ring of turbine shaft swivel bearing with one by regulating lever.By rotating to adjust to encircle guide vane is swung in turbine case, thereby exhaust flow is adjusted.
Adjust and to be fixed with a bar that is used for the power of transmitting on the ring, have one and unspecified external control device to act on this bar from an end of adjusting ring dorsad of this bar.Adjust the ring rotation in order to make, first supporting portion of external control device must be supported on this bar, and second supporting portion must be supported with means of fixation.
Because external control device (for example actuating motor or similar device) can't bear the temperature up to 700 ℃ in the exhaust-gas turbocharger working procedure, this class external control device usually and the high-temperature turbine shell keep a determining deviation, and it is heat insulation, therefore the bar described in DE 100 13 335 A1 stretches out in outside the turbine case, and has sizable lever arm of force.The point of force application of external control device on the second fixing supporting portion and the distance between the point of force application of force transmission in the adjustment ring that links to each other with bar is bigger.
When the temperature of exhaust turbine raise owing to high-temp waste gas in operation process, exhaust turbine, especially shell and the degrees of expansion of adjusting ring are greater than with it was separated by and heat insulation external control device.Bigger lever arm of force will certainly amplify the displacement that is occurred between the point of force application of adjusting ring and the second fixed support portion point of force application, encircles and the guider displacement that meets accident under the heat load effect thereby can cause adjusting.Because first supporting portion of external control device is not directly to be supported in to adjust on the ring, but link to each other with its point of force application by relatively long bar, therefore can make the adjustment ring tangible accidental displacement take place owing to the difference of thermal expansion between each parts with respect to the position of guide vane bearing.
Still in the unpub German patent application 10 2,006 023 661.6 (title is " guider of the axial flow turbine of exhaust-gas turbocharger "), disclose a kind of according to claim 1 guider as described in the preamble, wherein have two actuating motors with and unspecified mode activate a screw actuator respectively.It directly is supported in the nut form with first supporting portion and adjusts on the ring.Nut leads on a screw rod that is supported in the shell, and shell is supported on the turbine case as second supporting portion.Because regulating device directly is supported in first supporting portion at this and adjusts on the ring, its second supporting portion is supported on the turbine case, therefore can not be exaggerated because of the different displacements that produce of parts thermal expansion between these two supporting portions, perhaps have only a little to amplify, thereby advantageously reduce the situation that guider meets accident and is shifted under the heat load effect.
How to make the screw actuator that directly is installed on the guider keep normal function during the temperature of DE 10 2,006 023 661 and undeclared in exhaust flow 150-700 ℃.Test result shows: even fire-resistant lubricants, also can be malfunctioning in this case.
Summary of the invention
Therefore just to be to provide a kind of heavy oil that is provided be the guider that the turbo machine of the internal-combustion piston engine exhaust-gas turbocharger of fuel uses to task of the present invention, wherein not only can reduce undesirable displacement that guider takes place under the heat load effect, can also guarantee that in wider temperature range guider normally plays a role simultaneously.
Improved according to claim 1 a kind of guider as described in the preamble for solving this task.What claim 10 proposed is the corresponding protection method.
Comprise according to a kind of guider of design type of the present invention somely being supported among the turbine case and rotating guide vane, be used for exhaust flow is adjusted.These guide vanes link to each other with the adjustment ring, thereby can especially rotate it is adjusted by adjusting the motion of ring.
At least design has a regulating device, moves with respect to turbine case so that adjust ring.This regulating device directly is supported in first supporting portion and adjusts on the ring.Support device directly is supported on the turbine case with second supporting portion, makes regulating device to apply the active force that these two supporting portions are moved in opposite directions by gum between two supporting portions.So just can make to adjust to encircle and move with respect to turbine case.
The supporting portion equally also can comprise the articulated type or the fixed connection that are used for transfer function power.So-called directly support mainly refers to as far as possible closely be installed on the mode of adjusting on ring or the turbine case on the space, just has the support of as far as possible little lever arm of force for the turbine axis.Point of force application refers to the position of force transmission to the parts, for example form fit connection, weld seam, be threaded or analogue.
Regulating device of the present invention has a cooling unit.Therefore it closely can be placed on the guider, thus the spacing between the power transmission point in shortening supporting portion and the adjustment ring.Especially can reduce or save the thermal-protective coating between turbine case and the regulating device.Because spacing is shorter, the caused guider change in shape of heat load, the change in shape of especially adjusting ring and turbine case can not cause too big relative movement between the point of force application of regulating device.Therefore can reduce the accidental displacement that guider causes because of the heat load effect.
In addition, even the temperature of coupled adjustment ring and turbine case is higher, the cooling unit of regulating device can guarantee that also it normally plays a role.Especially the obviously conventional type oiling agent more favourable can be used, and its rheological properties can be kept than fire-resistant lubricants.
Also regulating device directly can be located on guider or the turbine case by cooling unit.Therefore can also advantageously reduce the required installing space of external control device outside turbine case, the external control device comprises regulating device and final controlling element.Adjust on the ring owing to can regulating device directly be transferred to by cooling unit, therefore can the comparatively compact exhaust-gas turbocharger of implementation structure pattern.
By cooling unit of the present invention, regulating device directly can be supported on high temperature adjustment ring or the turbine case, therefore the risk that also can advantageously reduce the regulating device self-locking or block.Because by second supporting portion and the very near close minimizing axis based error of adjusting on the ring etc. that causes of point of force application.
It is the axial flow turbine of exhaust-gas turbocharger of internal-combustion piston engine of fuel that guider of the present invention is particularly useful for heavy oil, because this exhaust gas pressure and temperature are than higher, the turning rate of waste gas is more violent, and mechanical load that guider bore and heat load are all bigger.
Cooling unit preferably includes a kind of active cooling unit of the active cycle of fluid therein, so that discharge heat from regulating device.Fluid for example can be air, especially fresh air, water or cooling fluid.Cooling unit can be linked to each other with the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine, fluid is active cycle in internal-combustion engine for this reason, in order to discharge the heat of inner carrier formula combustion machine.So just can advantageously utilize existing cooling system.
Owing to should guarantee internal-combustion piston engine is always fully cooled off, to prevent that advantageously cooling fluid from leaking in the cooling unit of regulating device, perhaps want in time to discern this leakage.This is preferably finished by the cooling supervisory device of internal-combustion piston engine cooling system, and the cooling supervisory device can gum be discerned the fluid loss and/or the pressure loss in the whole cooling system of the cooling unit that comprises internal-combustion piston engine and regulating device simultaneously.Also can in the cooling unit of the independent regulating device that is independent of the internal-combustion piston engine cooling unit, install one this type of the cooling supervisory device, so just can prevent because of cooling unit break down or damage occur overheated.
Preferably the backstop by at least one regulating device limits the relative movement between first supporting portion and second supporting portion.So just can prevent especially that guide vane from adjusting in the scope of turbine blade.Can prevent guider closed fully conversely again.Therefore two backstops preferably are installed, in order to the relative movement scope between restriction first supporting portion and second supporting portion in both direction.
One or more backstop can be designed to adjustable pattern.So just can mechanically set simply or the adjustment range of limit guides, and can compensate analogues such as foozle, assembly error, service wears.These backstops equally also can be used as safety piece, when the actuating of guider is broken down, can prevent unallowed adjustment.For example can set adjustment range by backstop, adjustment range is corresponding to the ratio of minimum flow area A_D from guider and turbo machine minimum flow area A_T, area can be A_D/A_T=0.5~1.0 than scope, preferably A_D/A_T=0.6~0.9 particularly preferably is A_D/A_T=0.65~0.85.
Second supporting portion with adjust ring on point of force application or the spacing preferred design between second supporting portion become less.Because acting on, regulating device adjusts on the ring, and between first supporting portion and the adjustment ring, perhaps the lever arm of force between second supporting portion and the turbine case is less, the very little accidental displacement of guider that the change in shape that adjustment ring and turbine case are caused by heat load only causes.In addition, because stroke is shorter, the supporting spacing that links between between two supporting portions is also therefore less, thus the danger that can avoid regulating device generation self-locking or block.
Guider of the present invention can comprise that two or more preferably being symmetrically distributed in adjust on the ring circumference and regulating device that be subjected to synchronization control.Can make like this and adjust the ring automatic centering heart, also can reduce from point-like or at less surface introducing active force wherein.
In the design of the present invention, regulating device comprises one preferred linear screw transmission device, it has the screw rod and the nut of shell, rotatable and axial restraint ground supporting therein, shell links to each other with a supporting portion in first and second supporting portions, and nut then links to each other with another supporting portion in second supporting portion with first.This type of screw actuator can be designed to compact especially pattern, and therefore can directly be placed on the guider.Cooling fluid is flow through shell, and it can be by very well initiatively cooling.It reduces when the supporting portion and occurs vibrating or block when the heat load effect issues the looks positional change even or the danger of self-locking in addition.
In a kind of like this guider, can utilize universal joint shaft that screw rod is linked to each other with the execution motor anti-rotation ground that is preferably motor especially.Can control quickly and accurately guider by actuating motor.Can realize easily guider is regulated in addition.By universal joint shaft, the translation between the screw rod of actuating motor and linear drive (for example caused translation of turbine case thermal expansion) can not make that guider moves, and very little moving perhaps only arranged.
Description of drawings
Other task of the present invention, feature and advantage are all set forth in dependent claims and the following example.Accompanying drawing and part schematic representation are as follows:
Fig. 1 is a kind of plan view that has the guider of two regulating devices of the design according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional arrangement drawing of one of regulating device of guider shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the details detail drawing of two regulating devices of guider shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of guider that a kind of design type according to the present invention designs.This guider comprises that one can be supported on adjustment ring 6 among the turbine case 1 rotationally around turbine axis A.Adjust ring 6 around turbine axis A rotation by making, the guide vane 2 that is supported in the guide vane bearing 3 can be swung, and with this exhaust flow is adjusted, and makes it to match with (not showing among the figure) exhaust turbine.The mode of guide vane 2 not show in detail in scheming links to each other with adjustment ring 6 by regulating lever.
To adjust ring 6 around turbine axis A rotation in order making, to be provided with two and to be symmetrically distributed in the regulating devices of adjusting on ring 6 circumference.Each regulating device includes one and links to each other with (among the figure also unshowned) actuating motor anti-rotation by universal joint shaft 100 (accompanying drawing 3) and by the screw rod 7 of its driving.
Be bearing in the shell 8 of regulating device the rotatable and axial restraint of screw rod 7.In shell 8, be provided with a needle thrust bearing 15 (Fig. 2) that supports the screw rod flange for this reason.Nut 9 is engaged in the outside thread of screw rod 7 and the rotation by screw rod makes it along moving axially.
Regulating device encircles on 6 in adjusting in the first supporting portion upper support.Nut 9 links to each other with adjustment ring 6 in the mode that does not show in detail in scheming, and for example available screw thread is fixed.Regulating device in the second supporting portion upper support on turbine case 1.Utilize screw 11 that shell 8 and turbine case 1 are fixed together.
For regulating device is cooled off, have joint 13 on its shell, can the cooling fluid of the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine (among the figure show) be sent among the shell 8 by joint, perhaps therefrom cooling fluid is derived.These two regulating devices interconnect (Fig. 3) by a cooling fluid pipeline 110.In running, the cooling fluid that passes through coolant pump (not shown) active cycle in the internal-combustion piston engine cooling unit is by among one of them joint 13 one of them shell 8 of inflow (showing among the figure), cooling fluid flows through shell, and absorbs heat wherein.So just can cool off shell.Among the cooling fluid that has been heated then flows out to cooling fluid pipeline 110 by another joint 13 from shell 8, and from flowing among another shells 8 by joint 13 here.Cooling fluid also flows through shell 8 and absorption heat wherein.Then from another shell, derive cooling fluid (not showing among the figure) by another joint 13 again, and it is delivered in the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine again, here cooling fluid is cooled off, then it is sent among the cooling fluid circuit again by heat exchanger (not showing among the figure).
By cooling unit, can advantageously shell 8 be directly arranged in by on the turbine case 1 under the heating of internal-combustion piston engine high-temp waste gas.Nut 9 is with equally also being played a role jointly by the adjustment ring 6 of internal-combustion piston engine waste heating.By active cooling unit, also the temperature of regulating device can be remained in certain scope, the conventional type oiling agent can keep its rheological properties in this scope, allows regulating device be lubricated, thereby it is normally played a role.
Directly be supported on adjustment ring 6 or the turbine case 1 by regulating device, between first supporting portion and second supporting portion very little spacing only arranged, regulating device just applies active force between these two supporting portions.Therefore when turbine case 1 with when adjusting ring 6 expansion that generation may be in various degree under with the effect of internal-combustion piston engine high-temp waste gas, also can not make the adjacent very near point of force application of regulating device produce very big accidental displacement, active force just is delivered to turbine case 1 and adjusts among the ring 6 in these points of force application.So just can advantageously prevent the guider displacement that under the heat load effect, meets accident, just prevent to adjust ring 6 and the position of the guide vane 2 that is attached thereto is shifted.
Two end faces of nut 9 have the backstop that can regulate 56 respectively on (left side, right side among Fig. 2), and this backstop utilizes screw 51 releasably to be fixed on the nut 9, and can limit the axial motion of nut.Therefore so just can on both direction, limit the adjustment stroke of nut 9, also limit and adjust ring 6 first supporting portions that link to each other and make adjustment movement with respect to second supporting portion that links to each other with turbine case 1 with respect to shell 8.Can guarantee to adjust ring 6 so on the one hand can be not closed fully with guider.Also can prevent to adjust ring 6 on the other hand swings to guide vane 2 and contacts and make its impaired position with turbine blade.
Can adjust backstop 56 by unclamping screw 51, so that set different maximal regulated strokes.