It with heavy oil the guider of exhaust-gas turbocharger of the internal-combustion piston engine of fuel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of turbo machine that is used for exhaust-gas turbocharger, the guider of axial flow turbine especially; Regulating device, regulating device that it has some adjustment rings that are supported on guide vane in the turbine case adjustably, are used for adjusting guide vane, be used for the adjustment ring is rotated with respect to turbine case directly are supported in adjustment with first supporting portion and encircle; And directly be supported on the turbine case with second supporting portion, so that the adjustment ring is moved with respect to turbine case; The invention still further relates to a kind of method that the guide vane of this guider is adjusted.
Background technique
DE 100 13 335 A1 disclose a kind of guider that is used for the exhaust gas turbine with axial flow machine of turbosupercharger, wherein are supported with some guide vanes in the turbine case adjustably.Each guide vane all can be connected around the adjustment ring of turbine shaft swivel bearing with one through regulating lever.Through rotating the adjustment ring guide vane is swung in turbine case, thereby exhaust flow is adjusted.
Be fixed with a bar that is used for the power of transmitting on the adjustment ring, have one and unspecified external control device to act on this bar from an end of the ring of adjustment dorsad of this bar.For the adjustment ring is rotated, first supporting portion of external control device must be supported on this bar, and second supporting portion must be supported with means of fixation.
Because external control device (for example actuating motor or similar device) can't bear the temperature up to 700 ℃ in the exhaust-gas turbocharger working procedure; This type external control device usually and the high-temperature turbine shell keep a determining deviation; And it is heat insulation; Therefore the bar described in DE 100 13 335 A1 stretches out in outside the turbine case, and has sizable lever arm of force.The point of force application of external control device on the second fixing supporting portion and the distance between the point of force application of force transmission in the adjustment ring that links to each other with bar is bigger.
When the temperature of exhaust turbine raise owing to high-temp waste gas in operation process, the degrees of expansion of exhaust turbine, especially shell and adjustment ring is greater than with it was separated by and heat insulation external control device.The displacement that is occurred between the point of force application that bigger lever arm of force will certainly amplify adjustment ring and the second fixed support portion point of force application, thus can cause adjustment to encircle and the guider displacement that under the heat load effect, meets accident.Because first supporting portion of external control device is not directly to be supported on the adjustment ring; But link to each other with its point of force application through relatively long bar; Therefore can make the adjustment ring tangible accidental displacement take place owing to the difference of thermal expansion between each parts with respect to the position of guide vane bearing.
Still in the unpub German patent application 10 2,006 023 661.6 (title is " guider of the axial flow turbine of exhaust-gas turbocharger "); Disclose a kind of like the described guider of technical field part, wherein have two actuating motors with and unspecified mode activate a screw actuator respectively.It directly is supported on the adjustment ring with the nut form with first supporting portion.Nut leads on a screw rod that is supported in the shell, and shell is supported on the turbine case as second supporting portion.Because regulating device directly is supported in first supporting portion on the adjustment ring at this; Its second supporting portion is supported on the turbine case; Therefore can not be exaggerated because of the different displacements that produce of parts thermal expansion between these two supporting portions; Perhaps have only a little to amplify, thereby advantageously reduce the situation that guider meets accident and is shifted under the heat load effect.
How to make the screw actuator that directly is installed on the guider keep normal function during the temperature of DE 10 2,006 023 661 and undeclared in exhaust flow 150-700 ℃.Test result shows: even fire-resistant lubricants, also can be malfunctioning in this case.
Summary of the invention
Therefore just to be to provide a kind of heavy oil that is provided be the guider that the turbo machine of the internal-combustion piston engine exhaust-gas turbocharger of fuel uses to task of the present invention; Wherein not only can reduce undesirable displacement that guider takes place under the heat load effect, can also guarantee that in wider temperature range guider normally plays a role simultaneously.
Comprise according to a kind of guider of design type according to the invention somely being supported among the turbine case and rotating guide vane, be used for exhaust flow is adjusted.These guide vanes link to each other with the adjustment ring, thereby can especially rotate it is adjusted through the motion of adjustment ring.
At least be designed with a regulating device, so that the adjustment ring moves with respect to turbine case.This regulating device directly is supported on the adjustment ring with first supporting portion.Support device directly is supported on the turbine case with second supporting portion, makes regulating device between two supporting portions, to apply and makes the mobile in opposite directions active force in these two supporting portions.The adjustment ring is moved with respect to turbine case.
The supporting portion equally also can comprise an articulated type that is used for transfer function power or fixed connection.So-called directly support mainly refers to as far as possible closely be installed on the mode on adjustment ring or the turbine case on the space, just for the turbine axis, has the support of as far as possible little lever arm of force.Point of force application refers to the position of force transmission to the parts, for example form fit connection, weld seam, be threaded or analogue.
Regulating device of the present invention has a cooling unit.Therefore can it closely be placed on the guider, thereby shorten the spacing between the power transmission point in supporting portion and the adjustment ring.Especially can reduce or save the thermal-protective coating between turbine case and the regulating device.Because spacing is shorter, the caused guider change of shape of heat load, especially the change of shape of adjustment ring and turbine case can not cause too big relative movement between the point of force application of regulating device.Therefore can reduce the accidental displacement that guider causes because of the heat load effect.
In addition, even the temperature of coupled adjustment ring and turbine case is higher, the cooling unit of regulating device can guarantee that also it normally plays a role.Especially the obviously conventional type oiling agent more favourable can be used, and its rheological properties can be kept than fire-resistant lubricants.
Also can regulating device directly be located on guider or the turbine case through cooling unit.Therefore can also advantageously reduce the required installing space of external control device outside turbine case, the external control device comprises regulating device and final controlling element.Since can regulating device directly be transferred on the adjustment ring through cooling unit, therefore can the comparatively compact exhaust-gas turbocharger of implementation structure pattern.
Through cooling unit of the present invention, can regulating device directly be supported on high temperature adjustment ring or the turbine case risk that therefore also can advantageously reduce the regulating device self-locking or block.Because by second supporting portion and the point of force application on the adjustment ring very near reduce axis based error etc. near causing.
It is the axial flow turbine of exhaust-gas turbocharger of internal-combustion piston engine of fuel that guider of the present invention is particularly useful for heavy oil; Because this exhaust gas pressure and temperature are than higher; The turning rate of waste gas is more violent, and mechanical load that guider bore and heat load are all bigger.
Cooling unit preferably includes a kind of active cooling unit of the active cycle of fluid therein, so that discharge heat from regulating device.Fluid for example can be air, especially fresh air, water or cooling fluid.Can cooling unit be linked to each other with the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine, fluid is active cycle in internal-combustion engine for this reason, in order to discharge the heat of inner carrier formula combustion machine.So just can advantageously utilize existing cooling system.
Owing to should guarantee internal-combustion piston engine is always fully cooled off, to prevent that advantageously cooling fluid from leaking in the cooling unit of regulating device, perhaps want in time to discern this leakage.This is preferably accomplished by the cooling supervisory device of internal-combustion piston engine cooling system, cools off supervisory device ability gum and discerns the fluid loss and/or the pressure loss in the whole cooling system of the cooling unit that comprises internal-combustion piston engine and regulating device simultaneously.Also can in the cooling unit of the independent regulating device that is independent of the internal-combustion piston engine cooling unit, install one this type of the cooling supervisory device, so just can prevent because of cooling unit break down or damage occur overheated.
Preferably the backstop through at least one regulating device limits the relative movement between first supporting portion and second supporting portion.So just can prevent especially that guide vane from adjusting in the scope of turbine blade.Can prevent guider closed fully conversely again.Therefore two backstops preferably are installed, in order to the relative movement scope between restriction first supporting portion and second supporting portion in both direction.
One or more backstop can be designed to adjustable pattern.So just can mechanically set the perhaps adjustment range of limit guides simply, and can compensate analogues such as foozle, assembly error, service wears.These backstops equally also can be used as safety piece, when the actuating of guider is broken down, can prevent unallowed adjustment.For example can set adjustment range through backstop; Adjustment range is corresponding to the ratio of minimum flow area A_D from guider and turbo machine minimum flow area A_T; Area can be A_D/A_T=0.5~1.0 than scope; Preferably A_D/A_T=0.6~0.9 particularly preferably is A_D/A_T=0.65~0.85.
Point of force application on second supporting portion and the adjustment ring or the spacing preferred design between second supporting portion become less.Because regulating device acts on the adjustment ring; And between first supporting portion and the adjustment ring; Perhaps the lever arm of force between second supporting portion and the turbine case is less, the very little accidental displacement of guider that the change of shape that adjustment ring and turbine case are caused by heat load only causes.In addition, because stroke is shorter, the supporting spacing that links between between two supporting portions is also therefore less, thus the danger that can avoid regulating device generation self-locking or block.
Guider of the present invention can comprise that much two perhaps more preferably are symmetrically distributed on the adjustment ring circumference and regulating device that receive synchronization control.Can make like this and also can reduce the adjustment ring automatic centering heart from point-like or on less surface and introduce active force wherein.
In the design of the present invention; Regulating device comprises one preferred linear screw transmission device; It has the screw rod and the nut of shell, rotatable and axial restraint ground supporting therein; Shell links to each other with a supporting portion in first and second supporting portions, and nut then links to each other with another supporting portion in second supporting portion with first.This type of screw actuator can be designed to compact especially pattern, and therefore can directly be placed on the guider.Cooling fluid is flow through shell, and it can be by very well initiatively cooling.It reduces when supporting portion appearance vibration or when the heat load effect issues the looks positional change even, blocks the perhaps danger of self-locking in addition.
In a kind of like this guider, can utilize universal joint shaft that screw rod is linked to each other with the execution motor anti-rotation ground that is preferably motor especially.Can control quickly and accurately guider through actuating motor.Can realize easily guider is regulated in addition.Through universal joint shaft, the translation between the screw rod of actuating motor and linear drive (the for example caused translation of turbine case thermal expansion) can not make that guider moves, and very little moving perhaps only arranged.
Description of drawings
Other task of the present invention, feature and advantage are all set forth in dependent claims and the following example.Accompanying drawing and part schematic representation are following:
Fig. 1 is a kind of plan view that has the guider of two regulating devices of the design according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional arrangement drawing of one of regulating device of guider shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the details detail drawing of two regulating devices of guider shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of guider that a kind of design type according to the present invention designs.This guider comprises that one can be supported on the adjustment ring 6 among the turbine case 1 rotationally around turbine axis A.Through adjustment ring 6 is rotated around turbine axis A, the guide vane 2 that is supported in the guide vane bearing 3 can be swung, and with this exhaust flow is adjusted, and makes it to match with (not showing among the figure) exhaust turbine.The mode of guide vane 2 not show in detail in scheming links to each other with adjustment ring 6 through regulating lever.
For adjustment ring 6 is rotated around turbine axis A, be provided with two regulating devices that are symmetrically distributed on adjustment ring 6 circumference.Each regulating device includes one and links to each other with (among the figure also unshowned) actuating motor anti-rotation through universal joint shaft 100 (accompanying drawing 3) and by the screw rod 7 of its driving.
Be bearing in the shell 8 of regulating device the rotatable and axial restraint of screw rod 7.In shell 8, be provided with a needle thrust bearing 15 (Fig. 2) that supports the screw rod flange for this reason.Nut 9 is engaged in the outside thread of screw rod 7 and the rotation through screw rod makes it along moving axially.
Regulating device is being supported on first supporting portion on the adjustment ring 6.Nut 9 links to each other with adjustment ring 6 with the mode that does not show in detail in scheming, and for example available screw thread is fixed.Regulating device is being supported on the turbine case 1 on second supporting portion.Utilize screw 11 that shell 8 and turbine case 1 are fixed together.
For regulating device is cooled off, have joint 13 on its shell, can the cooling fluid of the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine (among the figure show) be sent among the shell 8 through joint, perhaps therefrom cooling fluid is derived.These two regulating devices interconnect (Fig. 3) through a cooling fluid pipeline 110.In running; The cooling fluid that passes through coolant pump (not shown) active cycle in the internal-combustion piston engine cooling unit is through among one of them joint 13 one of them shell 8 of inflow (showing among the figure); Cooling fluid flows through shell, and absorbs heat wherein.So just can cool off shell.Among the cooling fluid that has been heated then flows out to cooling fluid pipeline 110 through another joint 13 from shell 8, and from flowing among another shells 8 through joint 13 here.Cooling fluid also flows through shell 8 and absorbs heat wherein.Then from another shell, derive cooling fluid (not showing among the figure) through another joint 13 again; And it is delivered in the cooling unit of internal-combustion piston engine again; Here cooling fluid is cooled off, then it is sent among the cooling fluid circuit again through heat exchanger (among the figure show).
Through cooling unit, can advantageously shell 8 be directly arranged in by on the turbine case 1 under the heating of internal-combustion piston engine high-temp waste gas.Nut 9 is with equally also being played a role jointly by the adjustment ring 6 of internal-combustion piston engine waste heating.Through active cooling unit, also can the temperature of regulating device be remained in certain scope, the conventional type oiling agent can keep its rheological properties in this scope, lets regulating device lubricated, thereby it is normally played a role.
Directly be supported on adjustment ring 6 or the turbine case 1 through regulating device, between first supporting portion and second supporting portion very little spacing only arranged, regulating device just applies active force between these two supporting portions.Therefore when expansion that turbine case 1 and adjustment encircle 6 generation maybe be in various degree under with the effect of internal-combustion piston engine high-temp waste gas; Also can not make the adjacent very near point of force application of regulating device produce very big accidental displacement, active force just is delivered to turbine case 1 and encircles among 6 with adjustment in these points of force application.So just can advantageously prevent the guider displacement that under the heat load effect, meets accident, just prevent to adjust ring 6 and the position of the guide vane 2 that is attached thereto is shifted.
Two end faces of nut 9 have the backstop that can regulate 56 respectively on (left side, right side among Fig. 2), and this backstop utilizes screw 51 releasably to be fixed on the nut 9, and can limit the axial motion of nut.So just can be in the adjustment stroke of both direction limit nut 9 with respect to shell 8, therefore also limit and adjust first supporting portion that ring 6 links to each other and make adjustment movement with respect to second supporting portion that links to each other with turbine case 1.Can guarantee that so on the one hand adjustment ring 6 can be not closed fully with guider.Also can prevent to adjust ring 6 on the other hand swings to guide vane 2 and contacts and make its impaired position with turbine blade.
Can adjust backstop 56 through unclamping screw 51, so that set different maximal regulated strokes.