CN1010696B - 铅-锑粗合金离心偏析分离法 - Google Patents
铅-锑粗合金离心偏析分离法Info
- Publication number
- CN1010696B CN1010696B CN88104919A CN88104919A CN1010696B CN 1010696 B CN1010696 B CN 1010696B CN 88104919 A CN88104919 A CN 88104919A CN 88104919 A CN88104919 A CN 88104919A CN 1010696 B CN1010696 B CN 1010696B
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- antimony
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
铅-锑粗合金离心篇析是一种有色金属粗金属精炼及其合金分离的方法。该法是在离心力场和温度场的共同作用下,由于合金液体在离心力场中产生离心液压利用铅和锑的比重差,控制温度在450至500℃,使铅、锑快速偏析分离,一步获得粗铅和粗锑。该法过程简单、连续,生产速度快、设备效率高、金属回收率高,除分离铅、锑合金外也适于其他有色粗金属精炼及合金分离的物理过程,使过程强化,以提高生产效率和经济效益。
Description
铅-锑粗合金离心偏析分离法是一种有色金属沮金属精炼及其合金分离的方法。
现行的铅-锑粗合金氧化-还原分离法的工艺流程如说明书附图1所示,该法流程长,分离速度慢,效率低。也有人采用机械结晶分离,熔盐和水溶液电解分离,真空蒸馏分离等办法进行研究,都因为金属回收率低,原材、燃料消耗大等主要缺陷而不能运用于生产。
本发明的目的在于将铅-锑粗合金液在离心力场和温度场的共同作用下,使其快速偏析分离,一步获得粗铅和粗锑。
本发明的内容主要包括以下四个部分:
1.工艺流程如说明书附图2所示,
2.偏析分离的原理:由铅-锑二元合金相图知,当一熔融的过共晶Pb-Sb合金缓慢连续降温时,便会连续结晶析出富锑固溶体,温度接近共晶温度(250℃),结晶残液的组成就接近共晶成分,此时若能将固溶体与液体分开,就能得到分离后的粗锑(含锑大于90%)和粗铅(含铅大于78%)合金结晶过程必然依赖于合金中的成分起伏和两组元原子或原子集团的扩散。要具备这样的条件在重力场中是极其缓慢的,只有在离心力场中才能实现快速偏析分离。离心场偏析的主要特点是:(a)液体在离心力场中产生离心液压由于铅和锑的比重之间的差异(γPb≈10.5,γSb≈6.5温度在450~500℃时),即使合金中铅或铅原子集团和锑或锑原子集团处在转鼓内同一坐标位置它们的离心液压为P铅=1.62P锑,这样就导致铅原子或原子集团向筒壁运动,锑原子或原子集团向轴心线的自由表面运动,使铅在转鼓内壁表面富集浓缩,锑在液体的自由表面富集浓缩。(b)在合金液体中原子或原子集团在离心力场中和重力场中的运动速度比可以认为等于离心机的分离因数即V离/V重=ω2γ/g=Fγ因此利用离心场可以实现在重力场中无法实现的快速偏析分离。(c)离心场中结晶是外界对体系做功,其临界晶核半径减小,形核率增大,加之晶粒破碎、过冷度大等的影响,结构出的固溶体很细,必须强化固-液分离过程。(d)在离心力场中结晶析出的固溶体因离心液压的作用使其挤压在转鼓内自由液面上很易造成晶粒相互结合形成晶壳而不随液体同速向上运动从转鼓内排走,这就必须解决在偏析段两相流的输送问题,由于合金偏析过程是在离心力场和温度场共同作用下进行的,两相流的输送速度必须与温度场的散热速度适应,否则,会导致粗铅成分不合格或发生冻结事故。
3.离心偏析分离器的结构特点:为实现铅-锑粗合金离心偏析分离,自行设计和制造了一台竖式离心分离设备。该设备的主要结构包括:(一)给料系统;(二)加热、散热装置;(三)离心机主体(包括转鼓和带刮刀的螺旋输送器)。现分别说明如下。
(一)给料系统,其作用有二:a.将熔化炉化好的铅-锑粗合金液,经加料斗送至喷嘴(11)通过喷嘴控制进料量、同时将合金液直接加入转鼓(4)的进料段内壁;b.若喷嘴的给料量超过转鼓进料段的输送能力,或停止转鼓旋转时,合金料液便从转鼓进料段溢出,经回料锅汇聚后从料封的溢料口排出,返回溶化炉。(二)加热、散热装置,除给料系统和粗铅收集排出(料封)系统用常规办法加热控温外,在转鼓偏析段必须设置既能加热,又
能散热的特殊装置,以保证需要的温度场。该装置分上下两段,下段是内冷外热式,确保合金液降温结晶时释放的热量快速排走和保持必需的温度梯度;上段是内热外冷式,在保证合金液接近共晶温度、确保粗铅成分的同时,使固-液相体系(主要是液相)缓慢升温,降低粘度以利过滤段实现固-液相彻底分离。在炉壳与加热、散热装置用绝热材料保温,减小能耗。(三)离心机主体是由绕同轴旋转的三个切头倒圆锥壳体(称转鼓)一个带刮刀的螺旋输送器(5)组成。转鼓上的三个切头倒圆锥壳体由于各自的作用和任务不同,其锥度和尺寸各异。从下至上,第一个倒圆锥壳体(称进料段)其内壁设有均分的三个叶片,使喷入内壁的Pb-Sb粗合金液随转鼓旋转向上运动,同时依合金中Pb、Sb比重不同,开始进行富集浓缩,第二个切头倒圆锥体(称偏析段),当合金液流入该段时,除随转鼓旋转继续向上运动和使Pb、Sb继续进行富集浓缩外,在温度场的作用下进行降温偏析,陆续结晶析出固溶体,直到结晶残液接近共晶成分为止。这样,合金液通过偏析段就由原来的均匀液相变成固-液混合相,在螺旋输送器作用下,该固-液相进入第三个带滤孔的倒圆锥体(称过滤段,上铺钻有细孔像网状的不锈铜滤片),完成固、液完全分离,在刮刀的配合作用下,使细晶粒连续排出,从而实现整个偏析分离过程连续进行。
4.离心偏析分离应控制的技术条件:粗合金含锑25~40%含铅56~72%离心机转速1500~2000转/分,合金液入给料系统温度500~550℃,进料段温度480~500℃偏析段温度250~300℃,过滤段温度400~420℃,集晶槽为室温,集液槽温度255~300℃,粗锑含Sb85~88%,粗铅含Pb78~82%。
说明书附图3是该偏析分离器示意图。
图中:1-铅-锑粗合金给料系统;
2-粗铅收集槽;
3-粗锑收集槽;
4-离心机转鼓;
5-带刮刀的螺旋输送器;
6-加热、散热装置;
7-回料锅;
8-密封盖;
9-保护性气体进气管;
10-保温材料。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
(1)分离速度快,从进料分离过程只需1~1.5分钟,设备生产能力大;
(2)分离过程连续,操作控制方便,设备可大可小,制造容易,使用寿命长;
(3)采用防氧化措施,过程不产渣、不产尘,设备密封,劳动条件好,金属回收高;
(4)若与炼制粗合金工序配合,热料入炉分离,过程能耗低,辅助设备少,占地面积小,投资省,材料消耗少,生产费用低。
实施例
铅-锑粗合金成分:铅64.5%,锑31.4%,砷1.3%,铜1.2%,银0.4%,铋0.9%其它0.3%。
技术条件:离心机转速1300转/分,合金液进料温度500℃,进料段温度460℃,偏析段合金料温度250℃,集液槽温度280℃,偏析时间1分钟。
产品成份:粗锑含锑83.2%,铅11.4%,砷2.5%,铜1.95%,铋0.5%,银0.08%;粗铅含铅79.5%,锑16.3%,砷0.95%,铜0.54%,铋1.70%,银0.42%。
Claims (2)
1、一种铅-锑合金离心偏析分离法,其特征在于:
a.其工艺流程是先将粗金属合金熔化,加入离心偏析分离器中进行分离处理一次获得粗铅、粗锑,
b.偏析过程的技术条件为:粗合金含锑25~40%,含铅56~72%,离心机转速1500~2000转/分、合金液入给料系统温度500~550℃,进料段温度480~500℃,偏析段温度250~300℃,过滤段温度400~420℃,集晶槽为室温集液槽温度255~300℃。
2、一种用于铅-锑合金离心偏析分离的分离器,其特征在于该分离器由1)给料系统,2)加热散热装置,3)离心机主体组成,离心机主体是由绕同轴旋转的三个切头倒圆锥钢制壳体用螺纹联结成整体,内设物料输送的螺旋和刮刀,此外还有粗铅收集槽(2),粗锑收集槽(3),回料锅(7),密封盖(8),保护性气体进气管(9),保温材料(10),整个装置封闭在钢制炉壳内。
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Families Citing this family (4)
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CN1041439C (zh) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-12-30 | 昆明理工大学 | 脆硫铅锑矿铅锑直接分离新工艺 |
CN1044138C (zh) * | 1996-11-20 | 1999-07-14 | 昆明理工大学 | 锑铅合金用硫除铅的方法 |
CN1054401C (zh) * | 1997-10-17 | 2000-07-12 | 云南万力联合实业有限公司 | 高锑粗铅合金的脱锑方法 |
CN108842069B (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-03 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种铅锑合金火法精炼的方法 |
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