CN101067596A - Airosol hydrophilic character observation system - Google Patents
Airosol hydrophilic character observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101067596A CN101067596A CN 200710122827 CN200710122827A CN101067596A CN 101067596 A CN101067596 A CN 101067596A CN 200710122827 CN200710122827 CN 200710122827 CN 200710122827 A CN200710122827 A CN 200710122827A CN 101067596 A CN101067596 A CN 101067596A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a request protecting system of testing by the aerosol water affinity characteristic and a test method based on this system. Among, the damping device which is used in the states system adopts the 'the water vapor - water' transportation plan, namely the water vapor seepage tube outer cavity is the water bath level but not the wet air, according to the air current water vapor inside and outside differential pressure send the water vapor into the seepage tube, the method cannot change the mass concentration of the aerosol pellet in the originally enter type air current. The experiment temperature control of the water bath is realized through the power of manual regulation 'heating layer'. The adjustment scope of equipment to humidity is 40%-95%.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of size of the hydrophilic ability that is used for detecting the air aerosol particle and the method and apparatus of deliquescence point.
Background technology
Obtaining of the hydrophilic rising characteristic of gasoloid has lab analysis and field observation dual mode usually, lab analysis is primarily aimed at the water-wet behavior of simple substance gasoloid or a few gasoloid mixed system, this method can obtain information such as the hydrophilic ability size, deliquescence point of the aerosol particle that different chemical forms comparatively accurately, but breadboard observed result often with real atmosphere in the aerocolloidal water-wet behavior observed also have certain difference, the chemical composition of aerosol particle in this and the ambient atmosphere, admixture, organic content etc. has substantial connection.Comparatively speaking, field observation then can be understood the mutual relationship between the aerosol particle scattering properties and relative humidity in the real atmosphere comparatively accurately.
The external at present method to aerocolloidal hydrophilic observation mainly is:
1. " dilution/mixing " method
The method of " dilution/mixing " is proposed by Covert (1972) the earliest, its objective is the relation between research aerocolloidal scattering power of inorganic salts and the relative humidity, its ultimate principle is measured the response of scattering coefficient to the hydrophilic growth of particle through nephelometer again for by mixing a certain amount of steam in proportion to change the relative humidity of air inlet in draft tube.The method can be easy to increase the relative humidity of air inlet, but also has certain shortcoming: one, humidification need be sneaked into the soft air of certain volume, thereby can dilute the aerosol concentration of air inlet; Two, the adding of steam may cause the relative humidity skewness of sampling air flow, need to increase the turbulent extent of air inlet, and this will certainly influence the size distribution of aerosol particle thing.Three, in the humidification process, the transmission equilibrium process of steam may make the relative humidity of local air flow occur increasing situation about afterwards reducing earlier, and this also can influence aerocolloidal materialization situation unavoidably.Therefore, this device generally is used under laboratory condition to the aerocolloidal research of pure inorganic salts, to the difficult assessment of field observation error that particle is formed, admixture is complicated more.
2. " water-vapor exchange " method
Many in the world scholars tend to use the method for " water-vapor exchange " to change air-flow relative humidity, the critical component of the method is a water vapor permeable pipe (Perma Pure Drying Tube, the Nafion material is made), the negative pressure that this pipe utilizes inside and outside air-flow velocity difference to cause will be managed outer vapor transfer to pipe, rather than simply two kinds of air-flows are mixed, can avoid problems such as turbulent flow, Water Vapor Distribution imbalance, supersaturation.The advantage of this method is: one, the ability of regulation and control to sample introduction air-flow relative humidity is stronger, and humidification process does not have phenomenons such as supersaturation, moisture distribution are inhomogeneous, turbulent flow and takes place; Two, automaticity is higher, and it is comparatively convenient to operate; Its shortcoming is that structure is too complicated, only is applicable to fine particle, and instrument maintenance is comparatively complicated.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides method and recording geometry that a kind of new gasoloid water wettability is observed.
On the one hand, the invention provides the damping device in a kind of gasoloid water wettability recording geometry, what adopt is " steam-water " transportation scheme, comprise sample introduction pipe and pipe exocoel and zone of heating, wherein the sample introduction tube wall is an osmos tube, and the pipe exocoel is the water-bath layer, by being arranged on the heating of the outer zone of heating of tube wall, regulate the steam pressure reduction of the inside and outside air-flow of sample introduction pipe pipe, make steam enter the sample introduction pipe by osmos tube.
In the described damping device, osmos tube is made for the Nafion semipermeable membrane material, and other interface is that stainless steel and Teflon material are made, and what the water-bath layer used is deionized water, and zone of heating is in the water-bath layer outside.
On the other hand; the present invention asks for protection a kind of gasoloid hydrophilic characteristics recording geometry; comprise; sample introduction part and integration nephelometer part (Nephelometer); wherein use aforesaid damping device in the sample introduction part, can make the ambient humidity of sample introduction part artificially controlled between 40%-90% by this humidification system.Described system also comprises a cover reference device, comprises sample introduction part and integration nephelometer part equally, sample introduction part in the reference system wherein, and the humidity of controlling air inlet is below 40%.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of airosol hydrophilic character observation, and described method is used aforesaid recording geometry, with the hydrophilic ability size and the deliquescence point of aerosol particle in the observation air.
The observation of the airosol hydrophilic character that the present invention mentions mainly comprises relative humidity to the influence of aerosol scattering coefficient and to two aspects that influence of particle spectra, the variation of scattering coefficient generally by the integration nephelometer directly observation obtain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a damping device used in the present invention, and wherein: A is the full figure of damping device, and B is the sectional view of damping device.
Fig. 2 is the hydrophilic rising characteristic recording geometry of gasoloid.
Before the calibration of Fig. 3 Beijing City measuring point scattering coefficient data.
After the calibration of Fig. 4 Beijing City measuring point scattering coefficient data.
Before the Baodi measuring point scattering coefficient data calibration of Fig. 5 Tianjin.
After the Baodi measuring point scattering coefficient data calibration of Fig. 6 Tianjin.
Wherein:
1, sample gas draft tube, 2, the semi-permeable diaphragm tube wall, 3, zone of heating, 4, water-bath, 5, the organic glass tube wall, 6, the teflon heating tape, 7, the integration nephelometer, 7 ', the integration turbidimeter, 8, sample gas air inlet unit, 8 ', sample gas air inlet unit.
Embodiment
Damping device
As shown in Figure 1, damping device used in the present invention is made of sample gas draft tube 1 (its tube wall is a semipermeable membrane tube wall 2), zone of heating 3 and water-bath 4.The water-bath outer wall is an organic glass tube wall 5, and zone of heating 3 is positioned at the outside of organic glass tube wall 5.All connectors all use Teflon and stainless steel material to make.Zone of heating 3 is the teflon heating tape, and heating is undertaken by electrically heated mode, and the heating size is regulated by control pressure regulator output voltage.What described damping device adopted is " steam-water " transportation scheme, be that water vapor permeable pipe exocoel is water-bath layer rather than soft air, according to the steam pressure reduction of air-flow inside and outside the water vapor permeable pipe with vapor transfer to osmos tube, this method can not change the mass concentration of aerosol particle thing in the former sample introduction air-flow.Test realizes by power of manual regulation ' heating layer ' the control of bath temperature.Test shows, between 40%～95%, it installs as shown in Figure 1 this device to the range of adjustment of humidity.The advantage of this damping device is:
The steam supply of sample introduction air-flow is provided by deionization evaporation of water in the water-bath layer, experiment showed, that this transmission mode has higher transfer efficiency.
The regulation and control of charge air flow relative humidity are to realize by the temperature of controlling water-bath, and the temperature of water-bath is by the output power control of transformer.
The humidity propagation process can artificially be controlled, and its advantage is the speed that can change each hydrophilic propagation process (progressively being changed to 90% from 40%) humidification, can be by slowing down humidification speed to carry out careful observation for typical synoptic process.
Because cavity uses the transparent organic glass pipe, osmos tube is to be made by the semipermeable membrane material that only allows steam to pass through, and other interface all uses the Teflon material, and better there is not the influence of organism volatilization in whole humidification system sealing in the heating process.
The hydrophilic rising characteristic recording geometry of gasoloid
The hydrophilic rising characteristic of gasoloid uses the ratio of the scattering coefficient that two integration nephelometers record to represent to the influence of scattering coefficient usually, wherein the turbidimetric relative humidity of integration is from being increased to 90% gradually below 40%, another nephelometer air inlet relative humidity then is controlled at below 40% all the time, and the formula form is:
F in the formula (RH) is the hydrophilic growth factor of gasoloid, and σ scat (integration nephelometer 7) is the measured scattering coefficient of nephelometer when artificially controlling ambient humidity, and σ scat (integration nephelometer 7 ') is the scattering coefficient of dry gas colloidal sol (relative humidity is lower than 40%).We think in the ordinary course of things, humidification (～2h) in the air inlet physicochemical property of aerosol particle thing change not quite, so, f (RH) can reflect the influence of airosol hydrophilic character to light scattering ability with the variation of relative humidity.
Fig. 2 is the hydrophilic rising characteristic recording geometry of gasoloid, comprises two integration nephelometers 7,7 ' and two sampling system 8,8 ', and wherein sampling system 8,8 ' includes humidity conditioner 9 and instrument carries heating tube 10.In the whole observation process, control to the relative humidity of air inlet is realized by two different devices respectively, for nephelometer 7, air inlet relative humidity rises to 90% from 40% and finishes by humidity conditioner 9, after closing humidity conditioner, air inlet relative humidity is reduced to ambient humidity from about 90%.And the ambient humidity of nephelometer 7 ' control (remaining on below 40%) is to realize automatically by the heating tube 10 that instrument carries, promptly the warm and humid sensor that goes out when air intake opening is when air inlet relative humidity is higher than 40%, heating tube 10 heats automatically, to reduce air inlet relative humidity, the temperature of real-time testing environment of instrument itself and measuring chamber simultaneously, the latter can be used for checking because of heating and heat the relative humidity variations that causes.
In using the process of the integration nephelometer observation hydrophilic growth of gasoloid to the influence of scattering coefficient, by with Vaisala Temperature Humidity Sensor (Vaisala HMP41/45, Finland) under indoor equilibrium temperature, humidity environment, carried out synchronous measurement of comparison as can be known, two nephelometers are no more than 3% to the error of relative humidity measurement, can think that the measurement of relative humidity is believable in the measuring process.The design reference of the regulation device of sample introduction air-flow relative humidity the climatic diagnosis laboratory NOAA/CMDL of U.S. marine atmosphere office (now being NOAA/GMD) when the ATMOSPHERICAL BACKGROUND website is measured the gasoloid humidity effect to the regulating and controlling scheme of humidity, this method is controlled moisture content in the sample introduction air-flow by regulating water temperature in draft tube (it has the characteristic of the permeable watertight) water-bath on every side, has higher vapor transfer efficient.Use method for normalizing to carry out the data pre-service for the hydrophilic growth factor f of gasoloid (RH), the correlativity of dried scattering coefficient all has raising in various degree.
The quality control of f (RH) observation data
The hydrophilic growth factor f of gasoloid (RH) obtains by two integration nephelometers 7,7 ' parallel observation, during the observation experiment, f (RH) can be subjected to the interference of multiple factor, as the turbidimetric systematic error of integration (photomultiplier is to the deviation of light signal response), calibration error (deviation of calibration curve and zero point measurement deviation), air inlet error (entering the difference of aerosol concentration, component in two turbidimetric air-flows of integration respectively), for reducing above error, the present invention uses method for normalizing that data are handled.
The normalization cardinal principle is: to the nephelometer measuring system through calibration, cross the Cheng Qian in each hydrophilic test observation, two turbidimetric air inlet relative humidity all are lower than 40%, therefore two integration nephelometers record scattering coefficient and answer basically identical. but owing to may have certain system deviation between two instruments, for correcting this deviation, usually the scattering coefficient that a nephelometer is recorded is multiplied by a coefficient entry, makes two nephelometers be approximately equal to 1 at the ratio that all is the scattering coefficient observed under the condition of " doing ".
Test observation of the present invention place is respectively meteorological scientific and technological building roof of China and big gun station, Baodi District Xin An town, Tianjin, the observation of CAMS measuring point is in order to characterize the airosol hydrophilic character of urban area (Urban), and observation time is on April 19,18 days to 2006 March in 2006.The TJBD measuring point is represented the aerocolloidal situation in rural area, the Beijing-Tianjin pool (Rural), and observation time is on May 15,7 days to 2006 April in 2006.Beijing measuring point, Tianjin Baodi measuring point data are calibrated preceding and are calibrated back two integration nephelometer scattering coefficient correlativitys and see Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 respectively.
CAMS measuring point (39o56 ' N, 116o91 ' E, a.s.l. height above sea level 46.3m) is located in the south of Haidian District, Beijing City, between two rings and three loops, measuring point borders on Zhong Guan-cun Nanjing University street in the west, and the magnitude of traffic flow is bigger, all based on office and resident living, 600 meters, south are the Beijing Zoo for east and the north.Observation station is positioned at the Chinese meteorological scientific and technological building roof of institute of China Meteorological Administration, is about 50 meters apart from ground, and air intake opening exceeds about 1 meter of roof platform, enters draft tube for preventing rainwater, foreign material etc., and the air inlet mouth of pipe is equipped with fly net and rain shade.Spring, this area mostly was northerly and southerly, and north wind usually is accompanied by the dust and sand weather process, and municipal pollution synoptic process and rainy weather usually appear when being southerly or quiet wind in this area.
TJBD measuring point (39o44 ' N, 117o17 ' E, a.s.l. height above sea level 6.0m) is positioned at Beijing-Tianjin wetlands district center, in the big gun station, the northwestward, Tianjin Baodi District Xin An town, and about 85 kilometers of northwests, about 73 kilometers in south, about 105 kilometers in east apart from the Tangshan City apart from Tianjin far from Beijing.The northern 2 kilometers places of measuring point are Xin An town, no large-scale heavy and light worker enterprise in the 50km on every side, and the southern about 700m of measuring point place is a Beijing-Shenyang expressway, flow is about 20/minute.In addition, be the farmland around the measuring point.Be waste period of burning of this area April to May, and the burning of stalk is arranged around the measuring point more; After May, the farmland is then to irrigate and rice cultivation herein.These measuring point changes in temperature in spring are done wet obvious difference, spring arid, summer high temperature is rainy, temperature is not high during the observation, based on fine day.
From the result of data calibration, two measuring point normalization datas all have improvement in various degree, and two turbidimetric comparison results of Beijing City measuring point are better, totally 411 of valid data, and calibration back R2 rises to 0.998 from 0.983.1460 of Tianjin Baodi measuring point valid data, the R2 of scattering coefficient increase to 0.994 from 0.991, and the intercept of linear regression also is reduced to 3Mm-1 from original 5Mm-1.
Claims (5)
1, the damping device in a kind of gasoloid water wettability recording geometry, it is characterized in that adopting " steam-water " transportation scheme, comprise sample introduction pipe, pipe exocoel and zone of heating, wherein the sample introduction tube wall is the water vapor permeable pipe, the pipe exocoel is the water-bath layer, by being arranged on the heating of the outer zone of heating of pipe outer chamber wall, regulate the steam pressure reduction of the inside and outside air-flow of sample introduction pipe pipe, make steam enter the sample introduction pipe by osmos tube.
2, damping device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described osmos tube makes for the Nafion semipermeable membrane material, and other interface is that Teflon and stainless steel material are made, and what the water-bath layer used is deionized water or distilled water, and zone of heating is in the water-bath layer outside.
3, a kind of gasoloid hydrophilic characteristics recording geometry is characterized in that comprising; Sample introduction part and integration nephelometer part (Nephelometer) wherein contain claim 1 or 2 described damping devices in the sample introduction part, can make the ambient humidity of sample introduction part artificially controlled between 40%-90% by this humidification system.
4, according to the described recording geometry of claim 3, it is characterized in that described system also comprises a cover reference device, comprise sample introduction part and integration nephelometer part equally, sample introduction part in the reference system wherein, the humidity of controlling air inlet is below 40%.
5, a kind of method of airosol hydrophilic character observation is characterized in that described method use claim 3 or 4 described recording geometrys, with the hydrophilic ability size and the deliquescence point of aerosol particle in the observation air.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200710122827A CN100580420C (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Airosol hydrophilic character observation system |
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| CN200710122827A CN100580420C (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Airosol hydrophilic character observation system |
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| CN101067596A true CN101067596A (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| CN100580420C CN100580420C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106018483A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏智慧农业技术有限公司 | Soil humidity meter for field planting |
| CN106644833A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-10 | 东南大学 | Device and method for measuring multicomponent particle diffusion characteristics of fluidized bed |
| CN110286062A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-27 | 浙江伟星新型建材股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method for testing inner wall of the pipe hydrophobic performance |
| CN110927045A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 重庆大学 | Long coal petrography sample gas-liquid seepage pressure chamber |
-
2007
- 2007-07-05 CN CN200710122827A patent/CN100580420C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106018483A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏智慧农业技术有限公司 | Soil humidity meter for field planting |
| CN106644833A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-10 | 东南大学 | Device and method for measuring multicomponent particle diffusion characteristics of fluidized bed |
| CN106644833B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of measuring device and measuring method of fluidized bed multi component particle diffusion property |
| CN110286062A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-27 | 浙江伟星新型建材股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method for testing inner wall of the pipe hydrophobic performance |
| CN110286062B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2021-08-31 | 临海伟星新型建材有限公司 | Equipment and method for testing hydrophobic property of inner wall of pipeline |
| CN110927045A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 重庆大学 | Long coal petrography sample gas-liquid seepage pressure chamber |
| CN110927045B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆大学 | Long coal petrography sample gas-liquid seepage pressure chamber |
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| CN100580420C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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