CN1808094A - Apparatus and method for quick measurement of heat performance of solar heat collector - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for quick measurement of heat performance of solar heat collector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1808094A
CN1808094A CNA2005100022158A CN200510002215A CN1808094A CN 1808094 A CN1808094 A CN 1808094A CN A2005100022158 A CNA2005100022158 A CN A2005100022158A CN 200510002215 A CN200510002215 A CN 200510002215A CN 1808094 A CN1808094 A CN 1808094A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat collector
water tank
theta
heat
valve
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CNA2005100022158A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100501366C (en
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王志峰
侯宏娟
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Himin Solar Co Ltd
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黄鸣
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Priority to CNB2005100022158A priority Critical patent/CN100501366C/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/20—Cleaning; Removing snow

Abstract

Disclosed are a device and a method for measuring the heat characters of solar collector. The measuring device comprises: a testing platform which has a drain pipe and a water pump connected with the bottom of the water tank, on the sides of the water tank is provided with an overflow pipe and a heat exchanger; the left side of the water tank is connected with cycle water pump and a parallel by-pass valve via a gate valve, and then connected to a filter, flow counter and a needle valve, and then connected with the heat collector; the output of the heat collector is connected with an air release valve and two gate valves, and one way is connected with the water tank. A draught fan, a wind-velocity indicator and a white shelter are placed near to the heat collector. A general solarimeter and a solar corona are installed on the surface of the heat collector. The angle between the direct solar radiation and the normal line of the heat collector is less than 5DEG.

Description

Heat performance of solar heat collector rapid measurement device and measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar heat collector thermal behavior rapid measurement device and measuring method, belong to solar energy heat utilization field.
Background technology
The testing standard of existing solar thermal collector is based on steady-state method of test, measures stable state or metastable state momentary efficiency and heat collector heat loss coefficient that content comprises heat collector.Steady-state method of test is very high to the requirement of meteorologic parameter.For example: (it is fine in test period that GB/T 4271-2000 requires, and solar irradiance is at 800W/m for the enough high and stable radiation and the environment temperature of strict and steady etc. 2More than, in experimental period the deviation value of solar irradiance be no more than mean value ± 50W, the variation of heat collector ambient temperature can not surpass mean value ± 1K at test period.In the operating temperature range of heat collector, get four uniform fluid inlet temperatures in interval at least.One of them should ambient air temperature ± 3 ℃ in).Because outdoor test meteorological condition can't artificially be controlled, it is fixed that the time of test need come according to the meteorological condition of locality, in the area that has, because the restriction of weather conditions can't be carried out in some test in season at all.Thereby, adopt this method to test, the cycle can be very long sometimes.
In practice, heat collector mostly is to be operated in the dynamic atmospheric environment, is not inconsistent with the test condition of prescribed by standard, is used in the thermal output meeting that the result who obtains under the steady state conditions predicts dynamic operation condition and produces certain error.For thermal behavior that can faster more accurate prediction heat collector with instruct the design of heat collector, need the device for quick testing and the method for testing of a kind of heat performance of solar heat collector of research badly.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of heat performance of solar heat collector rapid measurement device, utilize solar thermal collector that outwork to input variable: relevant parameter is determined in the response of solar irradiation intensity, environment temperature, heat collector temperature in transient change, utilizes the parameter that has obtained to combine with corresponding mathematical model and algorithm to realize the prediction that heat collector is exported afterwards.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the quick measuring method of a kind of heat collector thermal behavior, it has considered the thermal capacitance of heat collector itself and the caused heat lag phenomenon of thermal capacitance of the interior water of heat collector, use transfer function method that the input and output of heat collector are coupled together, make method more feasible, more effective.
Heat performance of solar heat collector rapid measurement device and measuring method are:
One baffle plate (30) is arranged in the water tank of its test board (1), the top connects a filling pipe and a gate valve (3), run-down pipe (4) and heat exchanger (5) are equipped with in the side, tapping pipe and a gate valve (6) and a pipeline are equipped with in water tank (1) bottom, connect gate valve (7) and water pump (8) successively, gate valve (9), water tank (1) left side connects gate valve (10) and water circulating pump (11), connect simultaneously by-pass valve arranged side by side (12) again, connect filtrator (13) then, flowmeter (2) and needle-valve (14), be connected in the import (17) of heat collector (16) by a viewport (15), its outlet (18) is connected to water tank (1) again after connecting an air release (19) and gate valve (20 and 21).Locate to be equipped with temperature probe (27) (28) and one pyramometer (24) is installed in import (17) and outlet (18), a corona (26) is installed in same plane in the centre position of heat collector plane one side.Installation one blower fan (22) and anemoscope (25) near test board.In according to test board 15m, greater than white thermometer screen (23) is installed in the scope of 1m, interior dress is surveyed the thermometer (29) of environment temperature according to ground.Import of heat collector (17) and outlet (18) all will be done insulation.
Open data collecting instrument; The water pump (8) of starting water tank (1) makes stability of flow to guarantee the pressure of water circulating pump (11) suction inlet, starts the aperture that water circulating pump (11) adjustment is adjusted by-pass valve (12) and needle-valve (13), so that flow is to setting value.
The theoretical model of measuring method is pressed:
θ 0 ( n ) = Σ m = 0 N θ i ( n - m ) h 1 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N G ^ ( n - m ) h 2 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N θ a ( n - m ) h 3 ( m )
Wherein:
G ^ = G - G ‾ , θ ^ b = T b - T ‾ b , θ ^ a = T a - T ‾ a , θ ‾ i = T i - T ‾ i , θ ‾ o = T o - T ‾ o
G: solar irradiance, W/m 2
T b: the temperature of solar energy evacuated inner glass tube wall, ℃;
T i: heat collector fluid intake temperature, ℃;
T a: environment temperature, ℃;
T o: the heat collector fluid outlet temperature, ℃;
G, T b, T i, T a, T o: G under the equilibrium state, T b, T i, T a, T oValue;
N, m-n, m: refer to variable at n, m-n, m value constantly.
h 1, h 2, h 3: transport function;
The advantage of heat performance of solar heat collector rapid measurement device and measuring method is:
Control of the temperature of this device and measuring unit: utilize the flow through heat-transfer working medium import and export temperature of heat collector of platinum-resistance thermometer measurement, environment temperature.Flow measurement and control module are to utilize the flow through flow of heat-transfer working medium of heat collector of electromagnetic flowmeter survey, utilize needle-valve, and by-pass valve is regulated the flow size also makes it keep stable.Solar irradiance measuring unit and tracking cell are used to measure beam radia and scattered radiation, adjust the incident angle of heat collector.Every measurement data can be gathered and put in order to data acquisition system (DAS).Come to determine the thermal behavior of heat collector thus.This measuring method has been considered the thermal capacitance of heat collector itself and the caused heat lag phenomenon of thermal capacitance of the interior water of heat collector in addition, and solar irradiation in the test process, and environment temperature and heat collector inlet temperature are all variable, thereby test is more near the real operating mode of heat collector.Thereby the result who obtains thus is more effective.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 heat performance of solar heat collector rapid measurement device synoptic diagram
By the test board of Fig. 1 proving installation by heat-transfer working medium forced circulation unit, temperature control unit, flow controlling unit, temperature measurement unit, the flow measurement unit, solar radiation control, measuring unit, 7 parts such as sun location tracking control module are formed.
Water tank (1) is 140 liters of models, one baffle plate (30) is arranged in it, the top connects a filling pipe and a gate valve (3), run-down pipe (4) and heat exchanger (5) are equipped with in water tank (1) side, tapping pipe (being with a gate valve) (6) and pipeline are equipped with in water tank (1) bottom, and it is connected gate valve (7) water pump (8) and gate valve (9) successively, water tank (1) left side connects a variable valve (10) again and connects water circulating pump (11) again, connect a by-pass valve (12) again side by side, connect filtrator (13) then, one flowrate control valve (being needle-valve) (14), and flowmeter (2), be connected in the import (17) of heat collector (16) through viewport (15), its outlet (18) connects an air release (19) and gate valve (20), and the while again and connect another gate valve (21) and be connected in water tank (1).
Locate to be equipped with temperature probe (27) (28) and one pyramometer (24) is installed in import (17) and outlet (18), a corona (26) is installed in same plane in the centre position of heat collector plane one side.Installation one blower fan (22) and anemoscope (25) near test board.In according to test board 15m, greater than white thermometer screen (23) is installed in the scope of 1m, interior dress is surveyed the thermometer (29) of environment temperature according to ground.Import of heat collector (17) and outlet (18) all will be done insulation.
Temperature control unit comprises water tank (1), filling pipe (3) and heat interchanger (5).Temperature measurement unit comprises platinum-resistance thermometer (Pt100 type), and it is used to measure heat collector (16) import (17), the temperature of outlet (18), and another is used for measures ambient temperature; The flow measurement unit comprises electromagnetic flowmeter (model: COPA-XE DE43F type) be used to measure the flow of heat collector (16); Flow controlling unit comprises that needle-valve (14) is used to regulate flow, water circulating pump (11) (model Wilo-Star-RS 25/6) and water pump (8).Solar radiation control and measuring unit comprise that sunshading board (figure is expression not), pyramometer (model TBQ-2-B) are used for measuring the total solar radiation that drops on the heat collector (16).The sun location tracking control module comprises corona (26) rotary stand and angle protractor (figure is expression not).Data acquisition system adopted HP34970A type Hewlett-Packard Acquisition Instrument.
Theoretical modeling is a most important parts of the present invention, and the new model of derivation is as follows:
θ 0 ( n ) = Σ m = 0 N θ i ( n - m ) h 1 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N G ^ ( n - m ) h 2 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N θ a ( n - m ) h 3 ( m )
Wherein:
G ^ = G - G ‾ , θ ^ b = T b - T ‾ b , θ ^ a = T a - T ‾ a , θ ‾ i = T i - T ‾ i , θ ‾ o = T o - T ‾ o
G: solar irradiance, W/m 2
T b: the temperature of solar energy evacuated inner glass tube wall, ℃;
T i: heat collector fluid intake temperature, ℃;
T a: environment temperature, ℃;
T o: the heat collector fluid outlet temperature, ℃;
G, T b, T i, T a, T o: G under the equilibrium state, T b, T i, T a, T oValue;
N, m-n, m: refer to variable at n, m-n, m value constantly.
h 1, h 2, h 3: transport function;
This model has relaxed the outdoor conditions of heat collector thermal performance test, makes the fate that is fit to test in a year increase greatly; Reduced in the heat collector thermal performance test control requirement to input variable, according to this model in test process except that the flow of the heat collector of flowing through need keep constant, it is in input variable such as solar irradiance, and heat collector fluid intake temperature and environment temperature etc. all can change arbitrarily.Utilize the effect of the measurable heat collector heat production under different areas and DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS of this model.
Embodiment
The water pump (8) of opening water tank (1) makes a side water that is connected with the water tank outlet concordant with baffle plate (30) top.Guarantee that systemic circulation water pump (11) suction pressure is constant, help stability of flow, open air release (19) ON cycle water pump (11), when the water of air release (19) discharge by the time is not with gas, just close air release (19).Just the flow of adjusting system arrives setting value (if the throughput ratio of setting is less, can adjust the aperture of by-pass valve) reach the flow of setting in the further aperture of metering pin valve (14), log-on data Acquisition Instrument (not drawing among the figure) checks whether the work of each sensor is normal then, whether cross the flow of checking this system in 20 minutes during this period of time is stabilized in the flow range of setting, just can begin experiment if flow is suitable, otherwise should readjust flow.(at this moment also available computers control is adjusted flow automatically to setting value)
Because requirement of experiment comprises system information as much as possible, in test process, to make and drop on upward solar irradiation intensity of heat collector (16), the variation of heat collector temperature in is big as far as possible, so in test process, will raise (covering) shadow shield (not drawing among the figure), and otherwise (shutting) heat interchanger (5) of opening that stops changes it to regulate the heat collector temperature in the working range of not stopping every 5～20 minutes.

Claims (3)

1. heat performance of solar heat collector device for quick testing, it is characterized in that, one baffle plate (30) is arranged in the water tank of its test board (1), the top connects a filling pipe and a gate valve (3), run-down pipe (4) and heat exchanger (5) are equipped with in the side, a tapping pipe and a gate valve (6) are equipped with in water tank (1) bottom, connect gate valve (7) and water pump (8) successively, gate valve (9), water tank (1) left side connects gate valve (10) and water circulating pump (11), connect simultaneously by-pass valve arranged side by side (12) again, connect filtrator (13) then, flowmeter (2) and needle-valve (14), be connected in the import (17) of heat collector (16) by a viewport (15), its outlet (18) is connected to water tank (1) again after connecting an air release (19) and gate valve (20 and 21), locate to be equipped with temperature probe (27) (28) and one pyramometer (24) is installed in import (17) and outlet (18) in the centre position of heat collector plane one side, one corona (26) is installed in same plane, installation one blower fan (22) and anemoscope (25) near test board, in according to test board 15m, be not less than according to the ground height white thermometer screen (23) is installed in the scope of 1m, the thermometer (29) of interior dress measures ambient temperature, import of heat collector (17) and outlet (18) all will be done insulation.
2. press the measuring method of the measurement mechanism of claim 1, it is characterized in that: open data collecting instrument; The water pump (8) of starting water tank (1) makes stability of flow to guarantee the pressure of water circulating pump (11) suction inlet, starts the aperture that water circulating pump (11) adjustment is adjusted by-pass valve (12) and needle-valve (13), so that flow is to setting value.
3. measuring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Theoretical model is:
θ 0 ( n ) = Σ m = 0 N θ i ( n - m ) h 1 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N G ^ ( n - m ) h 2 ( m ) + Σ m = 0 N θ a ( n - m ) h 3 ( m )
Wherein: G ^ = G - G ‾ , θ ^ b = T b - T ‾ b , θ ^ a = T a - T ‾ a , θ ^ i = T i - T ‾ i , θ ^ o = T o - T ‾ o
G: solar irradiance, W/m 2
T b: the temperature of solar energy evacuated inner glass tube wall, ℃;
T i: heat collector fluid intake temperature, ℃;
T a: environment temperature, ℃;
T o: the heat collector fluid outlet temperature, ℃;
G, T b, T i, T a, T o: G under the equilibrium state, T b, T i, T a, T oValue;
N, m-n, m: refer to variable at n, m-n, m value constantly.
h 1, h 2, h 3: transport function;
CNB2005100022158A 2005-01-18 2005-01-18 Apparatus and method for quick measurement of heat performance of solar heat collector Expired - Fee Related CN100501366C (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101887039A (en) * 2010-06-01 2010-11-17 大连惠泰科技有限公司 Vacuum measuring device for measuring performance of solar collector tube
CN101587025B (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-29 山东力诺瑞特新能源有限公司 Test system and test method for solar heat collector
CN101504331B (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-01-05 西安交通大学 Simulating device for solar cavity type heat absorber
CN103091363A (en) * 2013-01-28 2013-05-08 长沙理工大学 Device for testing heat exchange performance of solar thermal collector interpolated with nanometer fluid heat pipe
CN103225911A (en) * 2013-05-04 2013-07-31 安徽长龙电气集团有限公司 Solar heat collection control system and solar heat collection control method
CN103673352A (en) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-26 广西比迪光电科技工程有限责任公司 Solar heat collection system capable of measuring instantaneous output rate of hot water
CN104596739A (en) * 2015-02-09 2015-05-06 北京建筑大学 Solar thermal collector thermal performance parameter and circular flow measuring device and method
CN105737410A (en) * 2016-03-17 2016-07-06 广西大学 Intelligent solar water heating system and control method
CN109654755A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-04-19 国网节能服务有限公司 A kind of solar heat collector settling time test method
CN110369170A (en) * 2018-04-13 2019-10-25 蔡平制造业公司 The sprinkler of mixed on demand with external bypass circulation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102445010A (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-05-09 益科博能源科技（上海）有限公司 Temperature control method and device for heat collection system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101504331B (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-01-05 西安交通大学 Simulating device for solar cavity type heat absorber
CN101587025B (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-29 山东力诺瑞特新能源有限公司 Test system and test method for solar heat collector
CN101887039A (en) * 2010-06-01 2010-11-17 大连惠泰科技有限公司 Vacuum measuring device for measuring performance of solar collector tube
CN103091363A (en) * 2013-01-28 2013-05-08 长沙理工大学 Device for testing heat exchange performance of solar thermal collector interpolated with nanometer fluid heat pipe
CN103225911A (en) * 2013-05-04 2013-07-31 安徽长龙电气集团有限公司 Solar heat collection control system and solar heat collection control method
CN103673352A (en) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-26 广西比迪光电科技工程有限责任公司 Solar heat collection system capable of measuring instantaneous output rate of hot water
CN104596739A (en) * 2015-02-09 2015-05-06 北京建筑大学 Solar thermal collector thermal performance parameter and circular flow measuring device and method
CN105737410A (en) * 2016-03-17 2016-07-06 广西大学 Intelligent solar water heating system and control method
CN110369170A (en) * 2018-04-13 2019-10-25 蔡平制造业公司 The sprinkler of mixed on demand with external bypass circulation
CN110369170B (en) * 2018-04-13 2023-04-14 蔡平制造业公司 On-demand mixing sprinkler with external bypass circuit
CN109654755A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-04-19 国网节能服务有限公司 A kind of solar heat collector settling time test method

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