CN101059485A - Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system and its usage method - Google Patents

Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system and its usage method Download PDF

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CN101059485A
CN101059485A CN 200710078493 CN200710078493A CN101059485A CN 101059485 A CN101059485 A CN 101059485A CN 200710078493 CN200710078493 CN 200710078493 CN 200710078493 A CN200710078493 A CN 200710078493A CN 101059485 A CN101059485 A CN 101059485A
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gas
discharge
sulfur hexafluoride
valve
voltage
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CN101059485B (en
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唐炬
张晓星
孙才新
杜林�
李剑
万凌云
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

A sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposition gas component analysis system is composed of a pressure adjuster console 1, an insulation transformer 2, a non-blooming test transformer 3, a non-local-discharge protective resistance 4, a capacitor bleeder 5, a sulfur hexafluoride discharge decompose device 6, a non-inductive check resistance 7, a match resistance 8, an oscillometer 9, and a gas spectrometer 10. And the method comprises that (1), using a vacuum pump 18 to vacuum the sulfur hexafluoride discharge decompose device 6, (2), using an inlet needle valve 17 to feed SF6 gas into the sulfur hexafluoride discharge decompose device 6, (3), measuring maximum external test voltage and initial PD voltage, (4), generating PD under different electrodes, (5), collecting gas, (6), analyzing gas components, (7), collecting PD pulse signal wave shape, diagnosing accident and recognizing mode. The invention has wide application in research, teach, academy and industry, used in theory analysis and research of PD online state check of GIS device.

Description

Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system and using method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) experiment of gas discharge decomposition, shelf depreciation and gas composition detect particularly a kind of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposition components analytic system and using method thereof.
Background technology
GIS adopts SF 6As gas-insulated medium, have dielectric strength height, stable, advantage such as floor area is few and maintenance workload is little, in building and transform, city, big and medium-sized cities net is used widely.But from ruuning situation in recent years, many problems have in use appearred in GIS both domestic and external, wherein based on insulation fault.Insulation fault generally shows as shelf depreciation (PD) off and at first, and PD can cause SF 6Decomposing gas.To SF 6The detection of decomposition gas has had corresponding national standards and international standard, but also lacks the quantitatively analysis and the judgement of comparison of insulation defect type.According to GB/T8905-1996, the test item of gas in the sulfur hexafluoride electrical equipment is mainly contained: air, CF 4, water, acidity, hydrolyzable fluoride and mineral oil.According to IEC 60480-2004, the detection of gas in the sulfur hexafluoride electrical equipment is divided into two kinds of situations.A kind of situation is in order to confirm whether sulfur hexafluoride needs to recycle the scene of carrying out and detect, and test item mainly contains: SOF 2+ SO 2(＜12ppmv), HF (＜25ppmv), air, CF 4, water and mineral oil; Another kind of situation is that test item mainly contains for the content of various impurity in the quantitative detected gas: air, CF 4, HF, mineral oil, SF 4, SOF 2, SO 2F 2, SO 2More than detecting the most frequently used method is vapor-phase chromatography.
To GIS inside SF 6The detection of discharge decomposition gas can provide GIS inner acid gas impurities content data, guarantees that GIS built-in electrical insulation and metal are not subjected to excessive corrosion.The detection of discharge decomposition gas can also promptly and accurately reflect the general status of GIS internal discharge, thereby is in time to find fault, and failure judgement provides foundation.But, to GIS inside SF 6The detection of discharge decomposition gas and the research of analysis still are in the starting stage.On the one hand, the use of adsorbent and drying agent among the GIS of actual motion, decomposition gas all have a negative impact to accurately definite decomposed gas component concentration in the diffusional effect of air chamber and the randomness of gas sample site; On the other hand, SF 6Discharge decomposition gas complicated component wherein has many gas compositions very unstable, makes to SF 6Qualitative and the very difficulty that quantitatively becomes of discharge decomposition gas.Therefore, in order to improve IEC and GB standard to the quantitatively analysis and the judgement of comparison of insulation defect type, effectively way and means are to set up generation PD to make SF in the laboratory 6Gas produces the analogue experiment installation that decomposes, so that carry out the research of relevant basic theory and application foundation.
Summary of the invention
A kind of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system and the using method thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide, utilize this system and using method thereof testing lab simulation GIS device interior shelf depreciation, and the gas composition and the discharge waveform experimental data of acquisition reflection shelf depreciation situation, realize SF 6Discharge decomposed gas component analysis and research, and establish the experimental study basis for the pattern-recognition of GIS insulation defect.
Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system involved in the present invention is put protective resistance 4, capacitive divider 5, sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6, noninductive detection impedance 7, matched impedance 8, high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 and gas chromatograph 10 and is constituted by pressure regulator control desk 1, isolating transformer 2, the dizzy experimental transformer 3 of nothing, no office; Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 is by detecting impedance interfaces 11, grounded metal bar 12, triangular support bracket 13, low pressure end conducting rod 14, cylinder body 15, SF 6 Gas cylinder 16, air inlet needle-valve 17, vacuum pump 18, vacuum pump ball valve 19, vacuum meter needle-valve 20, tensimeter needle-valve 21, vacuum meter 22, tensimeter 23, flange 24, O RunddichtringO 25, screw rod nut 26, ellipse head 27, bushing pickup groove 28, polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve 29, high-pressure side contact rod 30, oval all pressure caps 31, sampling valve 32, butterfly valve 33, gas sensor takes over 34, gas sensor flange 35, high-field electrode socket 36, high-field electrode 37, low-field electrode 38, low-field electrode socket 39, quartzy watch window 40 is formed; Cooperate O RunddichtringOs 25 to compress sealing by flange 24, screw rod nut 26 between cylinder body 15, the ellipse head 27, form oval housing structure, have the quartzy watch window 40 of observing the symmetry that electric discharge phenomena use on the surface level of place, oval housing structure center; Execute experimental voltage outward and be added to high-field electrode socket 36 and high-field electrode 37, form the conductor of a noble potential by high-pressure side contact rod 30 and oval all pressure caps 31; Low-field electrode 38 is connected with low-field electrode socket 39 by screw thread, then ground connection or by noninductive detection impedance 7 ground connection; High-field electrode 37 is in sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 centers with low-field electrode 38; SF 6Gas enters the cavity that is formed by cylinder body 15 and ellipse head 27 by air inlet needle-valve 17, and air pressure range is 0.2～0.5MPa; Detect impedance interfaces 11 and be connected, be connected with high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 with matched impedance 8 by signal cable again with noninductive detection impedance 7.
The using method of described sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system comprises the steps:
1) vacuumize: closing presure indicator valve 21, open vacuum meter needle-valve 20, open vacuum pump ball valve 19, vacuumize with 18 pairs of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposers 6 of vacuum pump, leave standstill and observed vacuum meter 22 registrations in 12 hours again, check its sealing property;
2) inflation: after by the sealing property check, open SF 617 pairs of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposers 6 of gas cylinder 16 and air inlet needle-valve charge into SF 6Gas treats that vacuum meter 22 registrations are at 0 o'clock, closes vacuum meter needle-valve 20, opens tensimeter needle-valve 21, continues inflation and makes air pressure reach the required air pressure of experiment, leaves standstill and observes the tensimeter registration again in 12 hours, checks its withstand voltage properties;
3) measure initial PD voltage: regulate pressure regulator control desk 1, the experimental voltage that slowly raises examines the waveform on the high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9, when discharge pulse occurring, notes voltage this moment, is designated as U St, this voltage is the firing potential of experiment;
4) produce shelf depreciation: apply initial PD voltage U St1.2～1.5 times of voltages, make sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 under different electrodes, produce PD;
5) gas production: after treating that discharge reaches the enough time (24～120 hours), open sampling valve 32 slightly, allow gas slowly enter sampler bag, treat that promptly closing sampling valve 32 after sampler bag is heaved slightly stops gas production;
6) component analysis: carry out the decomposed gas component analysis with gas chromatograph 10, decomposed gas component content is carried out analysis and judgement with discharge severe degree, energy distribution and pulsed frequency and the related of gas composition of stability, different electrodes than equity;
7) discharge pulse signal collection: gather PD with high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 and cause the voltage pulse signal waveform that detects the generation of impedance 7 two ends, in conjunction with the analysis result of gas chromatograph 10, the electric discharge type and the feature of PD reflection are carried out fault diagnosis and pattern-recognition.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, and the sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system favorable sealing property of design can keep SF in 200 hours 6Gaseous tension is all showing favorable applicability aspect sealing property and the withstand voltage properties; The sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 of development can effectively produce shelf depreciation and cause SF 6Decompose; High speed ultraviolet imagery instrument can see through quartzy watch window 40 and absorb shelf depreciation figure clearly; Voltage can detect partial discharge pulse's waveform and phase place effectively in the noninductive detection impedance 7 by measuring; The validity that the gas collecting instrument of selecting and the acquisition method of design can guarantee to gather the gas sample; Can detect the SO of ppmv level by gas chromatograph 10 2F 2, SOF 2, SO 2Etc. various SF 6Discharge decomposition gas product and Air, CF 4, H 2Gaseous impuritieies such as O.This invention can be widely used in scientific research, teaching, institute and device fabrication producer, is used for theoretical analysis and applied research that GIS equipment PD presence is detected.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system decomposed gas component and PD signal detection system theory of constitution figure;
Fig. 2 is sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 structural representations.
Fig. 3 is sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 cross-sectional views.In Fig. 3, (40) are quartzy watch window.
Fig. 4 is a sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system needle plate electrode model.
Fig. 5 is a sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system pin pin electrode model.
Fig. 6 is a sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system wiring high-tension shielding synoptic diagram.
Among the above-listed figure: 1, pressure regulator control desk 2, isolating transformer 3, the dizzy experimental transformer 4 of nothing, no office put protective resistance 5, capacitive divider 6, sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 7, noninductive detection impedance 8, matched impedance 9, high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 10, gas chromatograph 11, detect impedance interfaces 12, grounded metal bar 13, triangular support bracket 14, low pressure end conducting rod 15, cylinder body 16, SF 6Gas cylinder 17, air inlet needle-valve 18, vacuum pump 19, vacuum pump ball valve 20, vacuum meter needle-valve 21, tensimeter needle-valve 22, vacuum meter 23, tensimeter 24, flange 25, O RunddichtringO 26, screw rod nut 27, ellipse head 28, bushing pickup groove 29, polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve 30, high-pressure side contact rod 31, oval all pressure caps 32, sampling valve 33, butterfly valve 34, gas sensor takes over 35, gas sensor flange 36, high-field electrode socket 37, high-field electrode 38, low-field electrode 39, low-field electrode socket 40, quartzy watch window
Embodiment
Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system and using method thereof, the detection method of its PD is: regulate pressure regulator control desk 1, the experimental voltage that slowly raises is at first measured outside the maximum and is executed experimental voltage and initial PD voltage, applies initial PD voltage U then St1.2～1.5 times of voltages, the GIS analogue experiment installation can produce PD, and PD causes that noninductive detection impedance 7 two ends produce potential pulse, and potential pulse is connected to high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 by signal cable, and deliver to computer stored, carry out the fault diagnosis and the pattern-recognition of PD signal; The detection method of the decomposition gas that PD excites is: finishing discharge test after 10 minutes, open sampling valve 32 slightly, make decomposition gas by entering sampler bag, after treating that sampler bag is heaved slightly, close sampling valve 32, get several milliliters of sample gas inject gas chromatographs 10 with sampling probe then and carry out the gas composition analysis.Concrete experimental technique and reality
It is as follows to test step:
One, experimental technique and experimental procedure
The sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system of the present invention's design can be simulated the typical shelf depreciation that takes place in the GIS.Be described further below in conjunction with the using method of accompanying drawing this device.
1, measures the maximum outer experimental voltage of executing.Not placing under the electrode model situation, connect experimental line, by air inlet needle-valve 17 injection experiments gas SF in the GIS analogue experiment installation 6, make air pressure reach 2-5 atmospheric pressure, regulate pressure regulator control desk 1, slow rising experimental voltage, examining on the high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 has no signal, when the fine discharge pulse signal occurring, notes the applied voltage that is added on the analogue experiment installation this moment and (is U Max), this magnitude of voltage is the highest applied voltage in the later experimentation, be that simulated experiment voltage can not surpass this magnitude of voltage, otherwise can be obscured with the PD signal that electrode discharge causes by the local discharge signal that experimental provision itself produces, cause experimental result inaccurate, even whether can't discern be the PD signal that electrode discharge causes.
2, measure initial PD voltage.Insert the electrode model that needs detection, inject the experimental gas of required pressure in the GIS experimental provision by air inlet needle-valve 17, regulate pressure regulator control desk 1, slow rising experimental voltage, examine the waveform on the high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9, when discharge pulse occurring, note voltage this moment, be designated as U St, this voltage is the firing potential of experiment.
3, experimental data is obtained.During experiment, apply initial PD voltage U St1.2～1.5 times, just can observe the PD signal, by high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 record waveforms this moment.According to experimental data repeatability and stable, considering the discharge has certain statistical law, experimental data can be pressed the group # record.Carry out a gas sample collection after 24 hours in every discharge, carry out the gas sample component analysis then immediately, draw the absolute concentration of each gas composition.
Two, the design of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system
1, the calculating of high-pressure side contact rod 30 diameter d
Cylinder body 15 diameters are 20cm, and alive maximum effective value is 30kV, and electric field is a severe non-uniform electric field.Following unit is cm, kV.
In the air, to nonuniform field slightly, can use during estimation: the bloom electric field is 30kV/cm.
By airborne coaxial cylindrical electrode model electrode surface maximum field strength experimental formula:
E max = U r × In ( R / r )
Wherein, outside R, r are respectively, interior cylindrical radius.
When diameter r gets 1.5cm, can bloom in air, at SF 6In can (during greater than 4mm, conductor be at SF in radius-of-curvature yet 6In discharge inception voltage generally be airborne more than 2 times).Consider and the cooperating and physical strength of electrode, get 1.5cm so get the conducting rod diameter d.
2, polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve 29 length calculation
3kV/cm is generally got in airborne creeping discharge, and polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve 29 surface line length should be considered machining precision and nargin greater than 45/3=15cm, get 18cm in the cylinder body 15, and cylinder body 15 is outer, and to get length be 20cm, can guarantee at air and SF 6In creeping discharge can not take place.
3, sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer 6 THICKNESS CALCULATION methods
Hyperbar SF is filled in the GIS analogue means existence of the present invention's design 6Vacuumize the cleaning device two states before gas and the pressurising, so should consider that when design pressure is considered device tolerance external pressure again in the device tolerance.Therefore must carry out the verification of thickness.Adopt following pressure vessel THICKNESS CALCULATION method:
(a) bear in the computing formula of pressure cylinder formula pressure vessel wall thickness
S i = P · D 2 [ σ ] + C
In the following formula, S i: wall of a container thick (mm); P: design pressure (MPa); D: median surface diameter (mm); C: be additional thickness; [σ]: the value of permissible stress [σ] has following provisions in the materials used permissible stress formula: at normal temperatures, get
Figure A20071007849300102
With
Figure A20071007849300103
In smaller value, and the regulation n b=4.0, n s=2.5 (MPa).
(b) bear the computing formula of external pressure cartridge type pressure vessel wall thickness
S 0 = D 3 P cr 2.2 · E
In the following formula, S 0: wall of a container thick (mm); D: the median surface diameter (mm) of container; P Cr: emergent pressure (N/m 2); E: the elastic modulus (N/m of materials used 2), for stainless steel E generally between 172-200GPa.By material specification, and performance parameter, calculate the employing stainless steel seamless pipe.In the reality, because shelf depreciation can make pressure rising in short-term in the analogue means, and SF 6The decomposing gas thing has certain corrosivity, can suitably strengthen outer cover intensity nargin on the evaluation basis, and S gets 10mm.In like manner, after process was calculated and added intensity nargin, the thickness S of organic glass got 8mm.
4, the electrode design of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system
Take all factors into consideration the electric conductivity and the economy of material, pin electrode, plate electrode all adopt brass.To plate electrode, board diameter is got 60mm, and thickness is 10mm, and electrode connecting link diameter is 3mm, length 30mm.Owing between plate and the conducting rod (diameter is 15mm) the electrode connecting link is formed shielding action, can guarantee that the electrode connecting link corona can not take place.
To pin electrode, electrode connecting link diameter is 3mm, length 30mm, and tip portion length is 5mm.
5, sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system gas collecting instrument is selected and the method design
Because test air pressure is 2-5 atmospheric pressure, and contain micro-hypertoxic gas in the decomposition gas, security during in order to ensure gas collecting, select for use especially can the adjustments of gas flow sampling valve 32, can guarantee that like this gas slowly enters sampler bag, treat that promptly closing sampling valve 32 after sampler bag is heaved slightly stops gas production.In order to guarantee that by the validity of gas production body the gas production pipeline should have enough big diameter and short as far as possible so that decomposition gas can be diffused rapidly to sampling valve 32 places.After carrying out gas collecting, in time carry out the gas composition analysis to the gas sample inject gas chromatograph in the gas production bag 10 with sampling probe.
6, sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system bloom prevention method
Carry out in the PD test experience of GIS, high-voltage connection and electrode screening all should be not have to swoon, and all will adopt adequate shielding and all press measure the most advanced and sophisticated position on noble potential and the earth potential in the High-Voltage Experimentation, avoid producing on these positions discharge.
In order to reduce surface electric field intensity, just must increase the surface curvature radius, increase interpolar or distance over the ground, the surfacing of attention electrode and smooth.High-field electrode can adopt the radome of sphere or Crossed Circle, and lead-in wire must adopt large diameter metal tube.Lead-in wire is that the Metal Ball of 60mm is all pressed with the junction of device with diameter.
Sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system provided by the invention and using method thereof can tested the inner shelf depreciation of lab simulation GIS, and detected the SO of ppmv level by gas chromatograph 10 2F 2, SOF 2, SO 2Etc. various SF 6Discharge decomposition gas product and Air, CF 4, H 2Gaseous impuritieies such as O also are used high-speed figure storage oscilloscope 9 acquired signal waveforms, in conjunction with the analysis result of gas chromatograph 10, the electric discharge type and the feature of PD reflection are carried out fault diagnosis and pattern-recognition, thereby find out electrode type, discharge energy and SF 6Corresponding relation between analyte type, content and the gas production rate is to SF 6The shelf depreciation decomposition mechanism is furtherd investigate.This invention can be widely used in scientific research, teaching, institute and device fabrication producer, is used for theoretical analysis and applied research that GIS equipment PD presence is detected.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system is put protective resistance (4), capacitive divider (5), sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6), noninductive detection impedance (7), matched impedance (8), high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (9) and gas chromatograph (10) and is constituted by pressure regulator control desk (1), isolating transformer (2), the dizzy experimental transformer (3) of nothing, no office; It is characterized in that: sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6) is by detecting impedance interfaces (11), grounded metal bar (12), triangular support bracket (13), low pressure end conducting rod (14), cylinder body (15), SF6 gas cylinder (16), air inlet needle-valve (17), vacuum pump (18), vacuum pump ball valve (19), vacuum meter needle-valve (20), tensimeter needle-valve (21), vacuum meter (22), tensimeter (23), flange (24), O RunddichtringO (25), screw rod nut (26), ellipse head (27), bushing pickup groove (28), polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve (29), high-pressure side contact rod (30), oval all pressure caps (31), sampling valve (32), butterfly valve (33), gas sensor is taken over (34), gas sensor flange (35), high-field electrode socket (36), high-field electrode (37), low-field electrode (38), low-field electrode socket (39), quartzy watch window (40) is formed; Cooperate O RunddichtringO (25) to compress sealing by flange (24), screw rod nut (26) between cylinder body (15), the ellipse head (27), form oval housing structure, have the quartzy watch window (40) of observing the symmetry that electric discharge phenomena use on the surface level of place, oval housing structure center; Execute experimental voltage outward and be added to high-field electrode socket (36) and high-field electrode (37), form the conductor of a noble potential by high-pressure side contact rod (30) and oval all pressure caps (31); Low-field electrode (38) is connected with low-field electrode socket (39) by screw thread, then ground connection or by noninductive detection impedance (7) ground connection; High-field electrode (37) is in sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6) center with low-field electrode (38); SF 6Gas enters the cavity that is formed by cylinder body (15) and ellipse head (27) by air inlet needle-valve (17), and air pressure range is 0.2～0.5MPa; Sampling valve (32) is connected with gas chromatograph (10) air intake opening by tracheae; Detect impedance interfaces (11) and be connected, be connected with high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (9) with matched impedance (8) by signal cable again with noninductive detection impedance (7).
2, the using method of sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposed gas component analysis system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
1) vacuumizes: closing presure indicator valve (21), open vacuum meter needle-valve (20), open vacuum pump ball valve (19), sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6) is vacuumized with vacuum pump (18), leave standstill and observed vacuum meter (22) registration in 12 hours again, check its sealing property;
2) inflation: after by the sealing property check, open SF 6Gas cylinder (16) and air inlet needle-valve (17) charge into SF to sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6) 6Gas treats that vacuum meter (22) registration is at 0 o'clock, closes vacuum meter needle-valve (20), opens tensimeter needle-valve (21), continues inflation and makes air pressure reach the required air pressure of experiment, leaves standstill and observes the tensimeter registration again in 12 hours, checks its withstand voltage properties;
3) measure initial PD voltage: regulate pressure regulator control desk (1), the experimental voltage that slowly raises examines the waveform on the high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (9), when discharge pulse occurring, notes voltage this moment, is designated as U St, this voltage is the firing potential of experiment;
4) produce shelf depreciation: apply 1.2～1.5 times of voltages of initial PD voltage U st, make sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposer (6) under different electrodes, produce PD;
5) gas production: after treating that discharge reaches the enough time (24～120 hours), open sampling valve (32) slightly, allow gas slowly enter sampler bag, treat promptly to close after sampler bag is heaved slightly sampling valve (32) and stop gas production;
6) component analysis: carry out the decomposed gas component analysis with gas chromatograph (10), decomposed gas component content is carried out analysis and judgement with discharge severe degree, energy distribution and pulsed frequency and the related of gas composition of stability, different electrodes than equity;
7) discharge pulse signal collection: gather PD with high-speed figure storage oscilloscope (9) and cause the voltage pulse signal waveform that detects the generation of impedance (7) two ends, in conjunction with the analysis result of gas chromatograph (10), the electric discharge type and the feature of the reflection of PD signal are carried out fault diagnosis and pattern-recognition.
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