CN101058129A - Sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pile up welding lamination alloy powder block made of coating and the metal core in random shapes, the said coating being made by the metal, iron alloy powder, binder, elasticizer and so on, the said metal core is the steel band with space between metal core 0-3mm, distributing symmetrically to the crosssection of the geometrical center, with the min thickness no less than 1mm. The metal core and coating weight ratio is 1:0. 3-12. The said coating lamination alloy powder block uses pressing mold or welding hydraulic spraying machine. It gets rid of the poor conductivity feature of the lamination powder block and hard to fuse nature with greatly improved productivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of built-up welding with welding material and preparation method thereof and application, relate in particular to a kind of novel sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
In industrial production and the processing, machine components are through the unusual complicated and exacting terms work down of being everlasting, and a large amount of mechanized equipments is often scrapped because of wearing and tearing, corrosion or abrasion.This just requires at HTHP, bear mechanized equipment surface under the conditions of work such as big load and oxidation, corrosion has good performance such as wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant and anti-oxidant.Built-up welding is simple because of technology, equipment investment is few, flexible operation, wide being widely used in of adaptation prepare the property metal level at piece surface.
The method of built-up welding has manual electric arc pile up welding, oxy-acetylene flame built-up welding, automatic submerged-arc bead welding, Gas Shielded welding, plasma surfacing, ESW etc.
At present, people have developed various resurfacing welding materials for adapting to various overlaying methods.For example:
Chinese patent CN86106019B " heat-resistant and wear-resistant solder stick for pile-up welding ", CN1116574A " a kind of rich chromium cast iron resurfacing welding material and technology ", CN1003430B surfacing weldings such as " welding rod for non-preheating bead welding with superior hardness and anti-abrasiveness "; And CN1238154C solder flux such as " a kind of sintering-flux for build-up welding of continuous casting roller and production methods thereof "; Welding rod and solder flux have and use flexible, easily manufactured advantage, but the transfer coefficient of alloying element is low, the composition of deposited metal is stable inadequately and evenly, and the quantity of overlay cladding alloy is subjected to the restriction of process, only are suitable for deposited metal low, middle alloy.
Chinese patent CN1415453A " a kind of built-up welding is with wrapping the core welding wire ", CN1775454A flux-cored welding wire for overlaying welding such as " high anticrack, wear-resistance, high-cr cast iron cored solder wire for huild-up welding ", its shortcoming be manufacturing process complexity, cost higher, influence its large tracts of land and promote, and owing to be subjected to the restriction (being generally less than 35%) of the activity coefficient of welding wire own, the alloy content of overlay cladding also is restricted, can be too not high.Medicine core welding and flux-cored wire are similar.
Chinese patent CN1015523B " alloy for surfacing " has proposed the weld tabs that a kind of built-up welding is used, this weld tabs adopts vacuum induction furnace smelting, make with casting method, the shape of weld tabs can be determined according to the shape for the treatment of overlaying surface, adopt TIG electric arc deposited, the manufacturing process more complicated of weld tabs to surface of the work.
Chinese patent CN1030970C " method for large-area built-up welding on metal surface " has proposed a kind of flexible powder band and overlaying process thereof that is suitable for large-area built-up welding.Its described flexible powder band has certain thickness and width, is made up of bag shape wrapper and metal dust, and metal dust is within bag shape wrapper; Gas shield welding electric arc with consumable electrode is thermal source, and welding wire and flexible powder band fusing form wearing layer, can realize automatic weldering, and suitable large-area built-up welding.But this technology is in order to guarantee the stable components of wearing layer, and the technological parameter of built-up welding must strictly be controlled the condition harshness.
And it is to be noted: above-mentioned resurfacing welding material is mainly deposited by arc heat, and the deposited heat affected area of arc heat is bigger, for some overheated material easily, causes grain coarsening easily, reduces toughness, even causes overlay cladding integral body to come off.When electric arc deposited in addition, the dilution of mother metal is also bigger.
Chinese patent CN85102440B " surfacing welding alloy powder agglomates " has proposed that alloy powder is prepared into alloy block and has been used for built-up welding, this antifriction alloy powder agglomates is rich chromium cast iron, ferro-boron, ferrosilicon, iron powder to be mixed in proportion the back add the waterglass bonding agent, pressing constant weight adds in the mould, after imposing suitable pressure compression molding, dry moisture again and make.Deposited thermal source is electric arc (as carbon arc, plasma arc, a tungsten argon arc).The transfer coefficient of this alloy powder block alloying element compares welding rod, welding wire, conventional resurfacing welding material height such as solder flux, but this alloy powder block is not suitable for adopting the induction thermal source deposited, this is because the particle of batching is very little, even powder material is in compacted condition, its conductive capability is also more very different than metallic matrix, therefore induced-current does not flow in alloy powder block, and on matrix, flow, alloy powder block can only be by the heat energy heating from matrix, this heat is by the heat exchange pattern transmission, the heat conductivility of alloy powder block is poor again, has increased its bigger alloy powder block of difficulty, particularly thickness that obtains the heat energy fusing and must be difficult to fusing more.In addition, melt easily in order to make alloy powder block, the alloy of preferably selecting low-melting eutectic composition for use is restricted the scope of composition design as high-abrasive material.The deposited prerequisite on workpiece of alloy powder block is that the mother metal that alloy powder block covers must melt, in fact use when electric arc deposited, because the heat energy of electric arc must pass alloy powder block and could arrive mother metal, alloy powder block is owing to be the mixture (not being alloy) of various alloy powders, and every kind of alloy powder often has high melt point, melting ratio is difficulty, so just caused mother metal and powder agglomates all to be difficult to fusing, sometimes alloy powder block does not also have fusing just to be dispelled by the plasma jet power of electric arc, make deposited metal moulding extreme difference, the construction technology performance is bad.After having only the mother metal fusing to form the molten bath, covering alloy powder block thereon just can quicken fusing and form the deposited metal layer by the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection of liquid state of molten pool metal.
Eddy-current heating has centralized heat energy in surface of the work, and firing rate is fast, and the heat affected area is little, and efficient height, mother metal be little to the dilution of overlay cladding, realize advantages such as automation easily, is more satisfactory built-up welding thermal source.
Chinese patent CN1041898A " method for induction built-up welding " will be coated to the batching that with the metal dust is base-material the surface of workpiece, with its compacting, adopt induction heating method to make its fusing.This patent then can be difficult to deposited if directly adopt commercially available metal and alloy powder.Therefore, (mechanical activation) handled in the plastic deformation that must push (extruding force is 300-500MPa) to commercially available metal and alloy powder before patent requires to use or impact.Like this, not only complex manufacturing, and the equipment that needs the increase plastic deformation to handle makes cost increase substantially.
Chinese patent CN1522821A " the topped technology of iron and steel parts high frequency build-up wear-resistant layer " adopts the high frequency thermal source that wearing layer is deposited in surface of the work, wear-resisting is cast tungsten carbide mutually, adopt self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base to do bonding agent, add cosolvent and the agent of slag making active deoxidizing simultaneously, become piece or sheet to be positioned over above-mentioned powder compaction and treat surfacing part, perhaps directly powder is positioned over and treats surfacing part.Must contain low-melting self-fluxing alloy powder in the deposited alloy powder block of this patent or the powder, so that when eddy-current heating, can melt, obviously the composition of alloy powder block or powder is subjected to great restriction, has bigger limitation at the wearing layer design aspect, only is applicable to self-fluxing alloy powder.
Given this, harsh day by day along with the component of machine applying working condition, as wearing and tearing, burn into high temperature etc., the hope and the demand of developing low-cost, easy to use, excellent performance, can high efficiency deposited built-up welding usefulness material are also more urgent.
Summary of the invention
At the shortcoming and defect of existing resurfacing welding material, the problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose a kind of novel, resurfacing welding material---sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding and preparation method thereof and application of being particularly suitable for induction heating sintering.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: select metal and ferroalloy powder (abbreviation powder), after mixing by design proportion, adding accounts for the bonding agent of powder gross mass 5～15% and 0～8% plasticizer, adopts the hydraulic pressure powder coating machine of mold pressing or welding rod production usefulness, produces sandwiched alloy powder block; Its core of described sandwiched alloy powder block is to conduct electricity easily and the heat conductive metal core, and metal-cored periphery is the coating of being made up of metal and ferroalloy powder, bonding agent, plasticizer.
Sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding of the present invention is made by coating and easy conductive, heat conductive metal core, it is characterized in that: described sandwiched alloy powder block is any geometry shape, wherein, the size of powder agglomates, length, surface configuration are determined arbitrarily according to desiring the overlaying surface needs; Described coating is made by metal and ferroalloy powder, bonding agent, plasticizer that deposited metal requires, and wherein, by quality ratio, metal and ferroalloy powder: bonding agent: plasticizer is 100: 5～15: 0～8; Described metal-cored be to produce the steel core that welding rod uses or produce the steel band that flux-cored wire is used, quantity is 1～5.Spacing between metal-cored is 0～3mm, is symmetrically distributed in the geometric center of alloy powder block cross section, and the minimum thickness of metal-cored peripheral coating is not less than 1mm.Metal-cored and weight ratio coating is 1: 0.3～12.
One of the preferred triangle of the cross section of above-mentioned sandwiched alloy powder block solid, trapezoidal, semicircle, rectangle, square; Triangle, one of trapezoidal, semicircle most preferably.See Fig. 1.It is multiple that sandwiched alloy powder block can be made plane, curved surface, straight flange, Qu Bian etc., to adapt to different desire overlaying surface.
The ratio of above-mentioned coating weight and metal-cored weight (gravity coefficient of coating) is 0.3～12, preferentially selects 0.5～8 for use.
The composition of the metal-cored and ferroalloy powder of above-mentioned sandwiched alloy powder block is by percentage to the quality, S less than 0.05%, P is less than 0.05%, other chemical compositions require to be respectively according to following different deposited metals:
1) martensite steel deposited metal: C is no more than 1.2%, Mn is no more than 6.5%, Si is no more than 1.2%, Cr is no more than 5.5%, Mo is no more than 4.0%, and the total amount of Ti, V, Nb, four kinds of elements of W is no more than 4.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 2) Hadfield steel deposited metal: C is no more than 1.2%, Mn is no more than 18.0%, Mo is no more than 3.0%, W is no more than 5.5%, Si is no more than 1.3%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 3) austenite Chromador deposited metal: C is no more than 1.0%, Mn is no more than 16.0%, Cr is no more than 18.0%, Si is no more than 1.0%, the total amount of Mo, two kinds of elements of W is no more than 4.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 4) carbide high-chromium alloy cast-iron deposited metal: C is no more than 5.0%, Cr is 15.0%～35.0%, Mn is no more than 3.5%, Si is no more than 3.2%, Ni is no more than 8.0%, Mo is no more than 6.0%, V is no more than 2.0%, W is no more than 20.0%, B is no more than 3.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 5) tungsten carbide hardfacing alloy: cast tungsten carbide 20%～80%, C are 0.1%～1.2%, Si is 2.0%～4.2%, Cr is 8%～18%, B is 1%～5.0%, surplusly be Ni.
Above-mentioned 1) five kinds of～5) listed deposited metals allow to contain a certain amount of other alloying elements that exist as impurity except the alloying element of above requirement, its content is principle with the performance that does not influence deposited metal.
Above-mentioned bonding agent is a waterglass, and the modulus of waterglass is 2.5～3.0, and Baume degrees is 39～50, with sodium silicate or potassium sodium mixing water glass.Preferentially selecting modulus for use is 2.8～3.0, and Baume degrees is 50 sodium silicate or potassium sodium mixing water glass.
Above-mentioned plasticizer is one of titanium dioxide, white clay, mica, dextrin.Preferred plasticizer is a titanium dioxide.
Above-mentioned steel core is selected welding rod carbon steel core wire or steel alloy core wire for use, and diameter is 2～10mm; Steel band is selected the cold rolling carbon element thin plate of SPCC (JIS standard) of flux-cored wire production usefulness for use, and thickness is 0.5～1.2mm.
Preferably, to select diameter for use be the carbon steel core wire H08A of 2.5～5mm to described steel core; It is the cold rolling carbon element thin plate of SPCC of 0.6～1.0mm that described steel band is selected thickness for use.
The quality of above-mentioned used metal and ferroalloy is carried out following country and industry standard: ferromanganese GB/T3795-2006, ferrosilicon GB2272-1987, ferrochrome GB 5683-1987, vanadium iron GB 4139-2004, ferro-niobium GB7737-1997, molybdenum-iron GB3649-1987, ferrotungsten GB/T3648-1996, ferrotianium GB 3282-1987, ferro-boron GB/T 5682-1995, nickel and nickel alloy plate GB/T2054-2005, blister copper YS/T 70-93 (China YouSe metal industry standard) does not have the country and the execution manufacturing enterprise standard of industry standard.
The preparation method of sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding of the present invention adopts the preparation of mold pressing or welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine, and concrete grammar is:
(1) mold pressing preparation:
Composition design alternative metal and ferroalloy powder (abbreviation powder) according to the deposited metal requirement, the granularity of metal and alloy powder is 50 orders～300 orders, mixing, add the waterglass bonding agent account for powder quality 5%～15% (bonding agent preferentially select for use addition be 8～12%) then, wet-mixing mixes, and gets wet feed; Adopt mould pressing process production can not add plasticizer.
The delivery tool, above-mentioned wet feed is inserted wherein, and a half of waiting to be filled to the mould volume ends, put into quantity then and be 1～5 metal-cored, metal-cored by following principle placement: the spacing between metal-cored is 0～3mm, is symmetrically distributed in the geometric center of alloy powder block cross section.Metal-cored and weight ratio coating is 1: 0.3～12, and then continues to add remaining wet feed, and the minimum thickness of controlling metal-cored peripheral coating simultaneously is not less than 1mm, applies the above pressure of 50MPa to the sandwiched alloy powder formation of lots.
Under 20 ℃～60 ℃ temperature, with the oven dry of the sandwiched alloy powder block of moulding after 8 hours～48 hours, insulation oven dry 30 minutes～50 minutes under 150 ℃～180 ℃ temperature again after moisture is removed fully, makes the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
(2) welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine preparation:
Select metal and ferroalloy powder according to the design mix that deposited metal requires, the granularity of metal and alloy powder is 50～300 orders, mixing, then by quality ratio, by metal and ferroalloy powder: the waterglass bonding agent: plasticizer is that 100: 5～15: 2～8 amount is mixed the three, wet-mixing is even, gets wet feed;
Above-mentioned plasticizer is one of titanium dioxide, white clay, mica, dextrin.Preferred plasticizer is a titanium dioxide.Its addition is the least possible under the prerequisite that guarantees the extrusion performance, and preferred addition is 5～6%.
The addition that above-mentioned waterglass bonding agent is preferentially selected for use is 8～12%.
The plug die of changing welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine according to the shape of cross section and the size of sandwiched alloy powder block design is then according to the welding rod producting rule extrusion sandwiched alloy powder block of routine; In the extrusion process, setting quantity and be 1～5 metal-cored wire feed system by welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine sends to, make the metal-cored geometric center that is symmetrically distributed in the alloy powder block cross section by wire feed system, minimum thickness with the described metal-cored peripheral coating of eccentricity control mechanism controls of welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine is not less than 1mm, and metal-cored and weight ratio coating are 1: 0.3～12;
The above-mentioned sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses under 20 ℃～60 ℃ temperature, is dried after 8 hours～48 hours, and insulation was dried 30 minutes～50 minutes under 150 ℃～180 ℃ temperature again, after moisture is removed fully, made the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
Welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine is compared with mold pressing has higher production efficiency, should preferentially select for use.
Sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding of the present invention prepares the application with wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant or oxidation resistant superficial layer with induction heating sintering or electric arc deposited mode.
The using method of above-mentioned sandwiched alloy powder block is as follows:
Sandwiched alloy powder block can adopt induction heating sintering, also can adopt electric arc (carbon arc, tungsten electrode arc, plasma-arc etc.) deposited.
The induction thermal source is deposited: according to the requirement of deposited metal composition, select sandwiched alloy powder block.The length of sandwiched alloy powder block, shape of cross section and size are selected according to the shape of desiring overlaying surface and area.Select some alloy powder blocks to piece together and be covered on the desire overlaying surface, adopt induction thermal source heating alloy powder block and mother metal surface then.Alloy powder block inside is metal-cored because resistance is little during eddy-current heating, induced-current is just concentrated and is acted on above it, make it at first be fused into liquid metal, liquid metal fills up the gap of alloy powder on every side, improved its conduction and the capacity of heat transmission, the fusing of alloy powder has been quickened in the raising of the faradic resistance heat and the capacity of heat transmission.Final alloy powder, welding wire or welding are metal-cored, the part metals of mother metal is melt-blended, solidify the overlay cladding that the back forms property.Sandwiched alloy powder block has overcome not sandwich powder agglomates conduction, the capacity of heat transmission is poor, is difficult to the drawback that melts during eddy-current heating, makes alloy powder block adopt the induction heating sintering of high efficiency to become possibility.
Electric arc deposited: as can to adopt the welding rod arc of carbon arc, tungsten electrode arc, plasma-arc, consumable electrode and gas metal-arc welding electric arc etc.According to the requirement of deposited metal composition, select sandwiched alloy powder block.What be worth to propose is that adopt when electric arc deposited also can be with the alloy powder block of sandwich not.
The splicing place thickness that definite principle of sandwiched alloy powder block shape of cross section is an alloy powder block when electric arc deposited is very little, so that electric arc penetrates alloy powder block fusing mother metal easily.Therefore, selecting shape of cross section when electric arc deposited is triangle, semicircle, trapezoidal etc. sandwiched alloy powder block, does not recommend to select for use rectangle or square, and using method is seen Fig. 2, alloy powder block is covered in treats overlaying surface, leave the gap of 0～5mm between the alloy powder block.Arcing is in splicing place of alloy powder block when deposited, and under the effect of arc heat, the very fast fusing in mother metal position forms the molten bath, and the capacity of heat transmission of powder agglomates has been improved in the gap of the liquid metal filler alloys powder agglomates in molten bath, has quickened the powder agglomates fusing.With the electric arc teeter, the speed of teeter was determined by the burn-off rate of alloy powder block, electric arc is acted on the interface of alloy powder block and liquid metal all the time after the molten bath formed.By the continuous expansion in molten bath, alloy powder block is all melted, final set forms overlay cladding.
The present invention is by the design of alloy powder block cross-sectional geometry, make the easier alloy powder block that is difficult to melt that passes of electric arc melt mother metal, the fusing of alloy powder block has been quickened in the fusing of mother metal again, solve alloy powder block and be difficult to fusing, easily a difficult problem that is dispelled by the plasma jet power of electric arc has improved production efficiency greatly.When adopting melt pole electrical arc (welding rod arc, consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc) deposited, need to consider the filling metal pair cladding layer chemical composition and the Effect on Performance of consumable electrode.
The invention process has following positive effect:
(1) it is deposited that the sandwiched alloy powder block of this patent proposition both can adopt the induction thermal source, also can adopt electric arc deposited, and that the alloy powder block that CN85102440B " surfacing welding alloy powder agglomates " patent proposes is unsuitable for responding to is deposited, and processing performance is also relatively poor when electric arc deposited.
(2) the used metal and the alloy powder of sandwiched alloy powder block of this patent proposition directly adopts commercially available, need not handle and directly to use, this is different from the plastic deformation that must push (extruding force is 300-500MPa) to metal dust before CN1041898A " method for induction built-up welding " patent requires to use or impact and handles (mechanical activation), simplify production technology, reduced the equipment input, greatly reduced production cost.
(3) sandwiched alloy powder block that proposes of this patent in the composition design without any restriction, this is different from CN1522821A " the topped technology of iron and steel parts high frequency build-up wear-resistant layer " patent, in deposited alloy powder block or powder, must contain low-melting self-fluxing alloy powder, make wearing layer have bigger limitation at the composition design aspect.
(4) sandwiched alloy powder block of this patent proposition can adopt the production of welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine, can utilize existing welding rod automatic assembly line, need not newly purchase production equipment, and production efficiency is higher.
(5) this patent be embodied as the welding material that built-up welding provides a kind of high efficiency, improved the production efficiency of built-up welding, and realized automation easily, having overcome wear resistance electrode needs manual drawback.
Description of drawings
The shape of cross section schematic diagram of Fig. 1 alloy part powder agglomates of the present invention
Wherein: 1.1 long (just) square cross sections (pressing from both sides 1 core wire)
1.2 long (just) square cross section (pressing from both sides 2 core wires)
1.3 long (just) square cross section (pressing from both sides 1 welding)
1.4 long (just) square cross section (pressing from both sides 2 weldings)
1.5 triangular cross section (pressing from both sides 1 core wire)
1.6 semi-circular cross-section (pressing from both sides 1 core wire)
1.7 trapezoidal cross-section (pressing from both sides 1 core wire)
1.8 trapezoidal cross-section (pressing from both sides 1 welding).
The electric arc deposited alloy powder block method of Fig. 2 schematic diagram
Wherein: 1 alloy powder block, 2 desire deposited metal (matrix).
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: martensite steel deposited metal sandwiched alloy powder block, alloy is C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo.
The mass percent of metal and alloy powder prescription is, 3.5% high carbon ferro-chrome (containing 65%Cr, 7%C, 3%Si), 3.5% mid-carbon fe-mn (containing 79%Mn, 1.2%C), 1.9% ferrosilicon (containing 45%Si, 3%Mn), 1.8% molybdenum-iron (containing 57%Mo, 0.5%Si, 0.2%C), 0.14% graphite, surplus is iron powder.The granularity of powder is 50～300 orders.Prepare alloy powder in above ratio, and mix, add accounting for the sodium silicate bonding agent of powder quality 10% and 4% titanium dioxide, the modulus of above-mentioned sodium silicate is 3.0, and Baume degrees is 50.Selecting the length of side for use is the plug die of the equilateral triangle of 10mm, and according to the producting rule compacting alloy powder block of welding rod, sending diameter in the pressing process is the H08A core wire of 2.5mm, and length is 350mm.The sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses, low temperature drying is 24 hours under 20 ℃ of room temperatures, carries out 180 ℃, 45 minutes oven dry of insulation then, remove behind the moisture the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
The sandwiched alloy powder block of producing as stated above is positioned over the Q345 surface of steel plate, and the gap between the powder agglomates is 1mm, uses TIG electric arc deposited then, and technological parameter is: electric current is that 350A, voltage are 20V, argon flow amount 25L/min, cooling water flow 20L/min.The gap location of arcing between alloy powder block, under the effect of arc heat, the very fast fusing in mother metal position forms the molten bath, and the capacity of heat transmission of powder agglomates has been improved in the gap of the liquid metal filler alloys powder agglomates in molten bath, has quickened the powder agglomates fusing.With the electric arc teeter, the speed of teeter was determined by the burn-off rate of alloy powder block, electric arc is acted on the interface of alloy powder block and liquid metal all the time after the molten bath formed.By the continuous expansion in molten bath, alloy powder block is all melted, final set forms overlay cladding.Test shows that overlay cladding does not have crackle, and moulding is good, and the chemical composition of overlay cladding upper surface (quality %) is: 0.36C, 0.75Si, 2.1Mn, 1.7Cr, 0.76Mo, hardness mean value are HRC45.
Embodiment 2: Hadfield steel deposited metal alloy powder block (bar), alloy is C-Mn-Si-W.
The mass percent of metal and alloy powder prescription is, 25.2% mid-carbon fe-mn (containing 79%Mn, 1.2%C), 3.5% ferrosilicon (containing 45%Si, 3%Mn), 1.1% graphite, 3.8% ferrotungsten (containing 70%W, 0.4%C, 1.0%Si), surplusly is iron powder.The granularity of powder is 50～300 orders.Prepare alloy powder in above ratio, and mix, add accounting for the sodium silicate bonding agent of powder quality 10% and 4% white clay.The modulus of above-mentioned waterglass is 3.0, and Baume degrees is 50.Select for use the length of side to be respectively the rectangle plug die of 14mm and 8mm, according to the producting rule compacting alloy powder block of welding rod, sending diameter in the pressing process is the H08A core wire of 4.0mm, and length is 350mm.The sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses, low temperature drying is 24 hours under 20 ℃ of room temperatures, carries out 180 ℃, 45 minutes oven dry of insulation then, remove behind the moisture the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
The sandwiched alloy powder block of producing as stated above is positioned over the Q345 surface of steel plate, gap between the powder agglomates is 0, (power is 100kW to use the high-frequency induction thermal source then, frequency is 200kHz) heat to the other end from an end of alloy powder block, the core wire of alloy powder block inside during high-frequency induction heating is because resistance is little, induced-current is just concentrated and is acted on above it, make it at first be fused into liquid metal, liquid metal fills up the gap of alloy powder on every side, improved its conduction and the capacity of heat transmission, the fusing of alloy powder has been quickened in the raising of the faradic resistance heat and the capacity of heat transmission.The part metals of final alloy powder, core wire, mother metal is melt-blended, solidifies the back and forms overlay cladding.Test shows, overlay cladding does not have crackle, moulding is good, the chemical composition of overlay cladding upper surface (quality %) is: 1.05C, 15.0Mn, 1.2Si, 2.0W, the total amount of other alloying elements is less than 5.0, the mean value of as-welded hardness is 260HB, satisfies the requirement of GB EDMn-A-16 surfacing welding deposited metal composition, is applicable to that various disintegrating machines, potassium steel rail, bull-dozer etc. are hit and the built-up welding at position easy to wear.
Embodiment 3: austenite Chromador deposited metal alloy powder block (bar), alloy is C-Mn-Cr.
The mass percent of metal and alloy powder prescription is, 25.6% mid-carbon fe-mn (containing 79%Mn, 1.2%C), 2.0% ferrosilicon (containing 45%Si, 3%Mn), 0.6% graphite, 21.0% crome metal, surplusly is iron powder.The granularity of powder is 50～300 orders.Prepare alloy powder in above ratio, and mix, add accounting for the sodium silicate bonding agent of powder quality 10% and 4% titanium dioxide.The modulus of above-mentioned waterglass is 3.0, and Baume degrees is 50.Select for use upper base and going to the bottom be respectively 8mm and 16mm, high be the isosceles trapezoid plug die of 8mm, producting rule compacting alloy powder block according to welding rod, sending diameter in the pressing process is two of the H08A core wires of 2.5mm, length is 350mm, spacing between two core wires is 2mm, core wire is symmetrically distributed in trapezoidal geometric center on the alloy powder block cross section, its line of centres is parallel to trapezoidal base.The sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses, low temperature drying is 24 hours under 20 ℃ of room temperatures, carries out 180 ℃, 45 minutes oven dry of insulation then, remove behind the moisture the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
The sandwiched alloy powder block of producing as stated above is positioned over the Q345 surface of steel plate, and the gap between the powder agglomates is 1mm, uses TIG electric arc deposited then, and technological parameter is: electric current is that 350A, voltage are 20V, argon flow amount 25L/min, cooling water flow 20L/min.The gap location of arcing between alloy powder block, under the effect of arc heat, the very fast fusing in mother metal position forms the molten bath, and the capacity of heat transmission of powder agglomates has been improved in the gap of the liquid metal filler alloys powder agglomates in molten bath, has quickened the powder agglomates fusing.With the electric arc teeter, the speed of teeter was determined by the burn-off rate of alloy powder block, electric arc is acted on the interface of alloy powder block and liquid metal all the time after the molten bath formed.By the continuous expansion in molten bath, alloy powder block is all melted, final set forms overlay cladding.Test shows, overlay cladding does not have crackle, moulding is good, the chemical composition of overlay cladding upper surface (quality %) is: 0.7C, 15.0Mn, 0.6Si, 16Cr, the total amount of other alloying elements is less than 5.0, the mean value of as-welded hardness is 320HB, and is suitable with GB EDCrMn-B-16 surfacing welding deposited metal composition.Can be used for being subjected to the built-up welding of the part of cavitation erosion, also can be used for the built-up welding of the potassium steel product that requirement is wear-resisting and toughness is high, as railway switch, spiral conveying mechanism, bulldozer blade, disintegrating machine sword etc.
Embodiment 4: carbide high-chromium alloy cast-iron deposited metal sandwiched alloy powder block, alloy is C-Cr-Si-B-V.
The mass percent of metal and alloy powder prescription is, 48.0% high carbon ferro-chrome (containing 65%Cr, 7%C, 3%Si), 2.3% vanadium iron (containing 50%V, 0.5%Si, 0.2%C), 28.0% ferro-boron (containing 10%B, 0.01%C), 3.8% ferrosilicon (containing 45%Si, 3%Mn), surplusly is iron powder.The granularity of powder is 50～300 orders.Prepare alloy powder in above ratio, and mix, add accounting for the potassium-sodium water glass bonding agent of powder quality 10% and 4% titanium dioxide.The modulus of above-mentioned waterglass is 3.0, and Baume degrees is 50.Selecting the length of side for use is the plug die of the equilateral triangle of 10mm, and according to the producting rule compacting alloy powder block of welding rod, sending diameter in the pressing process is the H08A core wire of 2.5mm, and length is 350mm.The sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses, low temperature drying is 24 hours under 20 ℃ of room temperatures, carries out 180 ℃, 45 minutes oven dry of insulation then, remove behind the moisture the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
The sandwiched alloy powder block of producing as stated above is positioned over the Q345 surface of steel plate, gap between the powder agglomates is 0, (power is 100kW to use the high-frequency induction thermal source then, frequency is 200kHz) heat to the other end from an end of alloy powder block, the core wire of alloy powder block inside during high-frequency induction heating is because resistance is little, induced-current is just concentrated and is acted on above it, make it at first be fused into liquid metal, liquid metal fills up the gap of alloy powder on every side, improved its conduction and the capacity of heat transmission, the fusing of alloy powder has been quickened in the raising of the faradic resistance heat and the capacity of heat transmission.The part metals of final alloy powder, core wire, mother metal is melt-blended, solidifies the back and forms overlay cladding.Test shows that overlay cladding does not have crackle, and moulding is good, and the chemical composition of overlay cladding upper surface (quality %) is: 2.8C, 2.6Si, 26.5Cr, 2.2B, 0.9V, the mean value HRC62 of hardness.
Embodiment 5: diamondite deposited metal sandwiched alloy powder block, adopt Superalloy Substrate, and the cast tungsten carbide that distributes on the matrix is wear-resisting phase.
The mass percent of alloy powder prescription is, 45% self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base, and its composition (quality %) is: 0.6C, 15Cr, 4B, 4Si, surplusly be Ni, granularity is 100～200 orders; 50% cast tungsten carbide (40～200 order); 5% boric anhydride.Prepare alloy powder in above ratio, and mix, add accounting for the sodium silicate bonding agent of powder quality 10% and 4% titanium dioxide.Selecting radius for use is the semicircular plug die of 6mm, and according to the producting rule compacting alloy powder block of welding rod, sending diameter in the pressing process is the H08A core wire of 2.5mm, and length is 350mm, and core wire is positioned at the geometric center of semicircle.The sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses, low temperature drying is 24 hours under 20 ℃ of room temperatures, carries out 180 ℃, 45 minutes oven dry of insulation then, remove behind the moisture the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
The sandwiched alloy powder block of producing as stated above is positioned over the Q345 surface of steel plate, gap between the powder agglomates is 0, (power is 100kW to use the high-frequency induction thermal source then, frequency is 200kHz) heat to the other end from an end of alloy powder block, the core wire of alloy powder block inside during high-frequency induction heating is because resistance is little, induced-current is just concentrated and is acted on above it, make it at first be fused into liquid metal, liquid metal fills up the gap of alloy powder on every side, improved its conduction and the capacity of heat transmission, the fusing of alloy powder has been quickened in the raising of the faradic resistance heat and the capacity of heat transmission.The part metals of final alloy powder, core wire, mother metal is melt-blended, solidifies the back and forms overlay cladding.Because high-frequency induction heating speed is fast, the fusing point of nickel-based self-fluxing alloy is low, by the control heating-up temperature, tungsten carbide is not decomposed, obtain to be distributed with the carbine abrasion-proof phase on the Superalloy Substrate, HRC surpasses 60, can be used for workpiece under the strong abrasive wear condition of slight or medium impact, as the equipment of oil well drill bit, bull-dozer blade, processing ore, conveying worm etc.
Claims (10)
1. a sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding is made by coating and easy conductive, heat conductive metal core, and it is characterized in that: described sandwiched alloy powder block is any geometry shape, and wherein, the size of powder agglomates, length, surface configuration are determined arbitrarily according to desiring the overlaying surface needs; Described coating is made by metal and ferroalloy powder, bonding agent, plasticizer that deposited metal requires, and wherein, by quality ratio, metal and ferroalloy powder: bonding agent: plasticizer is 100: 5～15: 0～8; Described metal-cored be to produce the steel core that welding rod uses or produce the steel band that flux-cored wire is used, quantity is 1～5, spacing between metal-cored is 0～3mm, is symmetrically distributed in the geometric center of alloy powder block cross section, and the minimum thickness of metal-cored peripheral coating is not less than 1mm; Metal-cored and weight ratio coating is 1: 0.3～12.
2. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the cross section of described sandwiched alloy powder block solid is one of triangle, trapezoidal, semicircle, rectangle, square.
3. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of the metal-cored and ferroalloy powder of described sandwiched alloy powder block is by percentage to the quality, S less than 0.05%, P is less than 0.05%, other chemical compositions require to be respectively according to following different deposited metals:
1) martensite steel deposited metal: C is no more than 1.2%, Mn is no more than 6.5%, Si is no more than 1.2%, Cr is no more than 5.5%, Mo is no more than 4.0%, and the total amount of Ti, V, Nb, four kinds of elements of W is no more than 4.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 2) Hadfield steel deposited metal: C is no more than 1.2%, Mn is no more than 18.0%, Mo is no more than 3.0%, W is no more than 5.5%, Si is no more than 1.3%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 3) austenite Chromador deposited metal: C is no more than 1.0%, Mn is no more than 16.0%, Cr is no more than 18.0%, Si is no more than 1.0%, the total amount of Mo, two kinds of elements of W is no more than 4.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 4) carbide high-chromium alloy cast-iron deposited metal: C is no more than 5.0%, Cr is 15.0%～35.0%, Mn is no more than 3.5%, Si is no more than 3.2%, Ni is no more than 8.0%, Mo is no more than 6.0%, V is no more than 2.0%, W is no more than 20.0%, B is no more than 3.0%, and surplus is Fe;
Or 5) tungsten carbide hardfacing alloy: cast tungsten carbide 20%～80%, C are 0.1%～1.2%, Si is 2.0%～4.2%, Cr is 8%～18%, B is 1%～5.0%, surplusly be Ni.
4. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described bonding agent is a waterglass.
5. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described plasticizer is one of titanium dioxide, white clay, mica, dextrin.
6. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described plasticizer is a titanium dioxide.
7. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described steel core is selected welding rod carbon steel core wire or steel alloy core wire for use, and diameter is 2～10mm; Steel band is selected the cold rolling carbon element thin plate of the SPCC of flux-cored wire production usefulness for use, and thickness of strips is 0.5～1.2mm.
8. sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: it is the carbon steel core wire H08A of 2.5～5mm that described steel core is selected diameter for use; It is the cold rolling carbon element thin plate of SPCC of 0.6～1.0mm that described steel band is selected thickness for use.
9. the preparation method of the described sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding of claim 1 adopts the preparation of mold pressing or welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine, and concrete grammar is:
(1) mold pressing preparation:
According to the composition design alternative metal and the ferroalloy powder of deposited metal requirement, i.e. powder; The granularity of metal and alloy powder is 50 orders～300 orders, and mixing adds the waterglass bonding agent that accounts for powder quality 5%～15% then, and wet-mixing mixes, and gets wet feed;
Adopt mould pressing process production can not add plasticizer;
The delivery tool, above-mentioned wet feed is inserted wherein, and a half of waiting to be filled to the mould volume ends, put into quantity then and be 1～5 metal-cored, metal-cored by following principle placement: the spacing between metal-cored is 0～3mm, is symmetrically distributed in the geometric center of alloy powder block cross section; Metal-cored and weight ratio coating is 1: 0.3～12, and then continues to add remaining wet feed, and the minimum thickness of controlling metal-cored peripheral coating simultaneously is not less than 1mm, applies the above pressure of 50MPa to the sandwiched alloy powder formation of lots;
Under 20 ℃～60 ℃ temperature, with the oven dry of the sandwiched alloy powder block of moulding after 8 hours～48 hours, insulation oven dry 30 minutes～50 minutes under 150 ℃～180 ℃ temperature again after moisture is removed fully, makes the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product;
(2) welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine preparation:
Select metal and ferroalloy powder according to the design mix that deposited metal requires, the granularity of metal and alloy powder is 50～300 orders, mixing, then by quality ratio, by metal and ferroalloy powder: the waterglass bonding agent: plasticizer is that 100: 5～15: 2～8 amount is mixed the three, wet-mixing is even, gets wet feed;
The plug die of changing welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine according to the shape of cross section and the size of sandwiched alloy powder block design is then according to the welding rod producting rule extrusion sandwiched alloy powder block of routine; In the extrusion process, setting quantity and be 1～5 metal-cored wire feed system by welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine sends to, make the metal-cored geometric center that is symmetrically distributed in the alloy powder block cross section by wire feed system, minimum thickness with the described metal-cored peripheral coating of eccentricity control mechanism controls of welding rod hydraulic pressure powder coating machine is not less than 1mm, and metal-cored and weight ratio coating are 1: 0.3～12;
The above-mentioned sandwiched alloy powder block that suppresses under 20 ℃～60 ℃ temperature, is dried after 8 hours～48 hours, and insulation was dried 30 minutes～50 minutes under 150 ℃～180 ℃ temperature again, after moisture is removed fully, made the sandwiched alloy powder block finished product.
10. the described sandwiched alloy powder block used for built-up welding of claim 1 prepares the application with wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant or oxidation resistant superficial layer with induction heating sintering or electric arc deposited mode.
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