CN101055089A - Vaporizer, fuel cell having vaporizer, and vaporizing method - Google Patents

Vaporizer, fuel cell having vaporizer, and vaporizing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101055089A
CN101055089A CNA200710085860XA CN200710085860A CN101055089A CN 101055089 A CN101055089 A CN 101055089A CN A200710085860X A CNA200710085860X A CN A200710085860XA CN 200710085860 A CN200710085860 A CN 200710085860A CN 101055089 A CN101055089 A CN 101055089A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
imbibition portion
liquid
imbibition
heater
gasification
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Granted
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CNA200710085860XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101055089B (en
Inventor
神田章仁
椛泽康成
宫本直知
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2006072227A external-priority patent/JP4876648B2/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a gasification unit and a gasification method which can inhibit liquid from bumping and can supply mixed gas obtained from gasification with stable flow effectively. The gasification unit is provided with a first imbibing part to imbibe a first liquid, a second imbibing part to imbibe a second liquid, a heating body to heat the first imbibing part and the second imbibing part and gasify the first liquid and the second liquid.

Description

Gasification installation, the fuel cell that possesses gasification installation and gasification process
Technical field
The present invention relates to make gasification installation, the fuel cell that possesses gasification installation and the gasification process of liquid gasification.
Background technology
In recent years, as the higher cleaner power sources of effciency of energy transfer, fuel cell receives publicity, and is widely used in fuel cell car and the electrochemical dwelling house etc.In addition, in portable electronic devices such as portable telephone that the research and development of miniaturization develop rapidly and notebook personal computer, also studied the practicability of the power supply of fuel cell.
Fuel cell is categorized as two kinds of upgrading mode and fuel direct modes.Upgrading mode (being also referred to as transform mode) makes after generating hydrogen with modifier by fuel and water, the hydrogen that generates is supplied to mode in the fuel cell for example as the steam upgrading.The fuel direct mode is that fuel and water are supplied to mode in the fuel cell under the situation of upgrading not.Fuel and water generally store with the state of liquid, after making this fuel and aqueous vaporization, the mist of this fuel and water are supplied in the modifier.Therefore, need make the gasification installation of fuel and aqueous vaporization, carry out (for example with reference to TOHKEMY 2004-47260 number, TOHKEMY 2001-263649 number) with the exploitation of fuel cell about the research and development of such gasification installation.
But, because with such gasification installation miniaturization, flow diminishes, so be to make the isohyperthermic structure of fuel easily, so fuel bumping brokenly when fuel gasification, drop are blended in the liquid that gasification obtains easily, the control that is difficult to stably gasify.For example as fuel and water, in the time will being mixed with the gasification substance of the different multiple liquid of boiling point the influence of bumping big, the control difficulty more that becomes.
Such destabilizing factor can make upgrading performance or the power generation performance in the fuel cell in the modifier become unstable under the situation of modifier that disposes back segment and fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
The present invention finishes in order to solve problem points as described above, and its objective is provides a kind of gasification installation and the gasification process that can supply with mist when making the multiple gases gasification with stable flow rate effectively.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 1 has with lower member: the 1st imbibition portion, and it absorbs the 1st liquid; The 2nd imbibition portion, it absorbs the 2nd liquid; Heater, it heats described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion, and with described the 1st liquid and the gasification of described the 2nd liquid.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 2 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, is provided with the separating part of separating between described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 3 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, described the 1st imbibition portion be arranged on described the 2nd imbibition portion around.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 4 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, and it is stacked along radial direction with one heart that described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion become, and separating part is installed between described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 5 is that described heater is arranged on the periphery of described the 1st imbibition portion in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 6 is that described heater is arranged on an end side of described the 1st imbibition portion in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 7 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, is provided with the space that an end of end of described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion is communicated with.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 8 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, and the boiling point of described the 1st liquid is than described the 2nd liquid height.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 9 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, it is above and the other end of described the 1st imbibition portion is set at the boiling point that is lower than described the 1st liquid that described heater is heated to the boiling point of described the 1st liquid with an end of described the 1st imbibition portion, an end of described the 2nd imbibition portion is heated to more than the boiling point of described the 2nd liquid and the other end of described the 2nd imbibition portion is set at the boiling point that is lower than described the 2nd liquid.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 10 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, possesses the discharge portion of an end that covers described the 1st imbibition portion.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 11 is in technical scheme 1 described gasification installation, and described heater heats described the 2nd imbibition portion via described the 1st imbibition portion.
The fuel cell of technical scheme 12 is the fuel cells that possess technical scheme 1 described gasification installation.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 13 has following member: the 1st imbibition portion, and it absorbs the 1st liquid, and the 1st liquid is gasified; The 2nd imbibition portion, it absorbs the 2nd liquid, and the 2nd liquid is gasified; Heater, it is arranged on the 1st imbibition portion side among described the 1st imbibition portion side and described the 2nd imbibition portion side.
The gasification process of the liquid of technical scheme 14 is, between a plurality of imbibition portion, clamp partition member, make an end of each imbibition portion absorb mutual different liquid, make the liquid that absorbs in each imbibition portion be penetrated into the other end, with the other end heating of each imbibition portion and with each liquid gasification.
The gasification process of technical scheme 15 is in technical scheme 14 described gasification process, described a plurality of imbibition portion is become stacked along radial direction with one heart, and clamp partition member between described a plurality of imbibition portion, the periphery in the end that is in outermost imbibition portion is provided with heater.
The gasification process of technical scheme 16 is in technical scheme 14 described gasification process, and described a plurality of imbibition portion is in the outside and absorbs the higher liquid of boiling point.
The gasification process of technical scheme 17 is in technical scheme 14 described gasification process, described a plurality of imbibition portion is stacked gradually and clamp partition member between described a plurality of imbibition portion along thickness direction, heater is set in the lower floor of the end that is in undermost imbibition portion or the upper strata of end that is in the imbibition portion of the superiors.
The gasification process of technical scheme 18 is in technical scheme 14 described gasification process, and described a plurality of imbibition portion absorbs the higher liquid of boiling point along with approaching described heater.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 19 has following member: hot box; Imbibition portion, its absorption side end side that is used to absorb liquid is configured in outside the described hot box, and it is used for the liquid gasification that will absorb at described absorption side end and the discharge side end side of discharging be housed in the described hot box; Heater, it is with the described discharge side end side heating of described imbibition portion.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 20 is in technical scheme 19 described gasification installations, also possess between described heater and described imbibition portion the heat of the described heater heat-conduction part to the conduction of described imbibition portion, the described heat-conduction part of the thermal conductivity ratio of described hot box is low.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 21 is in technical scheme 19 described gasification installations, also possesses radiating part, this radiating part be configured to separate with described hot box and with described absorption side end side contacts, and the described imbibition of the thermal conductivity ratio of this radiating part portion height.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 22 has following member: imbibition portion, and it absorbs liquid from absorbing side end, and the liquid of absorption is permeated to discharging side end; Heater, it is with the described discharge side end side heating of described imbibition portion; Radiating part, it is configured to and described absorption side end side contacts, and the described imbibition of its thermal conductivity ratio portion height.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 23 is in technical scheme 22 described gasification installations, also possesses between described heater and described imbibition portion the heat of the described heater heat-conduction part to the conduction of described imbibition portion.
The gasification installation of technical scheme 24 is in technical scheme 22 described gasification installations, also possess with described radiator portion from and accommodate the hot box of the described discharge side end side of described imbibition portion.
According to the present invention, can stably gasify.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view along the gasification installation of the 1st embodiment of the longitudinal section that becomes concentric central shaft of the 1st imbibition portion, the 2nd imbibition portion and separating part.
Fig. 2 is the exploded perspective view of above-mentioned gasification installation.
Fig. 3 A is the rearview of the gasification installation of the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 3 B be along the face of the cut-out line B-B shown in Fig. 3 A to looking cutaway view.
Fig. 3 C is the front view of the gasification installation of the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 3 D be along the face of the cut-out line D-D shown in Fig. 3 B to looking cutaway view.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that gasification installation is represented with socket (catridge), pump, modifier, carbon monoxide remover, fuel cell and burner.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the gasification installation that uses in experiment.
Fig. 6 is the measurement result of the flow of this methanol aqueous solution under situation about by pump methanol aqueous solution being supplied in the gasification installation.
Fig. 7 is the measurement result of the flow of this methanol aqueous solution under situation about by pump methanol aqueous solution being supplied in the gasification installation.
Fig. 8 is the measurement result of the flow of this pure water under situation about by pump pure water being supplied in the gasification installation.
Fig. 9 is the measurement result of the flow of this pure methyl alcohol under situation about by pump pure methyl alcohol being supplied in the gasification installation.
To be expression supply with water, the 2nd imbibition portion supplied with the data of thermograde of the gasification installation of methyl alcohol the 1st imbibition portion Figure 10.
To be expression supply with methyl alcohol, the 2nd imbibition portion supplied with the data of thermograde of the gasification installation of water the 1st imbibition portion Figure 11.
Figure 12 is the cutaway view along the gasification installation of the longitudinal section of the center line of imbibition portion.
Figure 13 is the exploded perspective view of gasification installation.
Figure 14 is the exploded perspective view of gasification installation.
Figure 15 is the longitudinal section of the gasification installation of variation.
Figure 16 is the block diagram that gasification installation is represented with socket, pump, modifier, carbon monoxide remover, fuel cell and burner.
Figure 17 is the curve map of the measurement result of expression comparative example.
Figure 18 is the curve map of the measurement result of expression embodiment 2.
The specific embodiment
Below utilize accompanying drawing to describe to being used to implement preferred forms of the present invention.But, in the embodiment of the following stated, added and implemented the preferred technically various qualifications of the present invention, but be not that scope of invention is defined in following embodiment and illustrated example being used to.
(the 1st embodiment)
Fig. 1 is the general profile chart of gasification installation 1, and Fig. 2 is top, the front of expression gasification installation 1 and the exploded perspective view of right flank.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this gasification installation 1 possesses the 3, the 2nd imbibition portion 2 of the 1st imbibition portion, separating part 4, contraction pipe 5, elastic tube the 6, the 1st liquid introduction part the 7, the 2nd liquid introduction part 13, discharge portion 8, hot box 9, heater 10 and temperature sensor 11.
The 2nd imbibition portion 2 be bar-shaped, particularly be to form columned core.The 2nd imbibition portion 2 is the porous plastids that formed short space in inside, is the parts that can absorb liquid by capillarity.The 2nd imbibition portion 2 is with inorfil or organic fiber fixedly forms by bond material (for example epoxy resin) or the inorganic powder sintering formed or also can be that inorganic powder is fixedly formed by bond material (for example epoxy resin), it perhaps also can be the mixture of graphite and glassy carbon, in addition, the 2nd imbibition portion 2 pricks the Shu Bingyong bond material with many wire rods that are made of inorfil or organic fiber fixedly to form.For example, as the 2nd imbibition portion 2, can use acrylic fiber Shu Xin.In addition, also the multiple mixing of above-mentioned material can be used as the 2nd imbibition portion 2.
The 2nd imbibition portion 2 is embedded in the separating part 4 cylindraceous, with the front end of imbibition portion 2 and the rear end is open and separating part 4 with outer side covers.It is non-permeability that this separating part 4 reaches the liquid that is absorbed by the 1st imbibition portion 3 for the liquid that is absorbed by the 2nd imbibition portion 2, by can not be because of the heating of heater 10 is out of shape, the material of deterioration forms, for example be that the metal material of stainless steel (SUS316) and so on is set to the pipe shape and forms, with the cross sectional shape of separating part 4 on the direction of the face quadrature of Fig. 1 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 be concentric, the outer peripheral face of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 connects airtight on the inner peripheral surface of separating part 4.The equal in length of the length of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4, the both ends of the surface of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 are alignd with the both ends of the surface of separating part 4.
The 1st imbibition portion 3 forms the cylindric of the space that has the 2nd imbibition portion 2 that inserts and separating part 4 in inside, be surround the inner space around porous plastid, can absorb liquid by capillarity, by forming with above-mentioned the 2nd imbibition portion 2 same material.On the inwall of the 1st imbibition portion 3, embedding has the outside to be separated the 2nd imbibition portion 2 that portion 4 covers, concentric with the cross sectional shape of the 1st imbibition portion 3 with the 2nd imbibition portion 2 on the direction of the face quadrature of Fig. 1, is divided into the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 by separating part 4.Therefore, the liquid that can not that is permeated by the 1st imbibition portion 3 moves in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 via separating part 4, and the liquid that can not that is permeated by the 2nd imbibition portion 2 moves in the 1st imbibition portion 3 via separating part 4.The external diameter of the internal diameter of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and separating part 4 about equally, the inner peripheral surface of the 1st imbibition portion 3 connects airtight on the outer peripheral face of separating part 4.Like this that the 2nd imbibition portion 2, separating part 4 and 3 one-tenth in the 1st imbibition portion is stacked along radial direction with one heart.
In addition, the length of the 1st imbibition portion 3 is shorter than the length of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4, the part of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4 is in from outstanding position, the rear end of the 1st imbibition portion 3, and the front end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4 aligns with the front end of the 1st imbibition portion 3.
Have the 1st imbibition portion 3 of this separating part 4 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 to be embedded in the contraction pipe 5 with chimeric, the outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 connects airtight on contraction pipe 5.The length of contraction pipe 5 is shorter than the length of the 1st imbibition portion 3, and the two ends of the 1st imbibition portion 3 are in respectively from outstanding position, each end of contraction pipe 5.Contraction pipe 5 has inotropic material thermal contraction with polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride etc. and seamlessly connects airtight in the 1st imbibition portion 3 before heating.At this moment, contraction pipe 5 can not contain in the sidewall that is immersed in the 1st imbibition portion 3, and liquid that can not from the porous of the 1st imbibition portion 3 to external leakage.
The front end of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and open rearward end, the external diameter of the internal diameter of its front opening and the 1st imbibition portion 3 about equally, the external diameter of the internal diameter of its rear end opening and separating part 4 is about equally.Embedding the rear end of the 1st imbibition portion 3 in the front end opening of the 1st liquid introduction part 7, the part of contraction pipe 5 also is embedded in the front end opening of the 1st liquid introduction part 7.Chimeric have the 1st imbibition portion 3 of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4 also can be owing to contraction pipe 5 shrinks under the situation of softness, and under this state, the rear end of the 1st imbibition portion 3 is housed in the front end opening of the 1st liquid introduction part 7.Because contraction pipe 5 is covered for the front end of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 so that its coincidence, so the 1st imbibition portion 3 can not expose.High in the hardness of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and under the situation that is difficult to be out of shape, because contraction pipe 5 is the buffer unit of sufficient stress, so the 1st liquid introduction part 7 also can be connected airtight well with the 1st imbibition portion 3.
The 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4 embedded become to make its open rearward end portion to extend from the 1st liquid introduction part 7.The rear end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 left from the end 74 of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 rear ends, was formed with the space 71 of ring-type between the rear end face of the end 74 of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and the 1st imbibition portion 3.The central authorities of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 run-though spaces 71, the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is inserted in the separating part 4.The edge of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 open rearward end portions is provided with elastomeric O shape circle 12, the 1 liquid introduction parts 7 and seamlessly connects airtight mutually with separating part 4, so the 1st liquid α that is filled in the space 71 can be from not leaking between the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and the separating part 4.
On the sidewall of the 1st liquid introduction part 7, convex with the 1st liquid introducing port 72, central shaft along the 1st liquid introducing port 72, be through with entrance hole 73 from the inner peripheral surface of front end to the 1 liquid introduction part 7 of the 1st liquid introducing port 72, this entrance hole 73 is communicated to space 71, from here the 1st liquid α being imported in the space 71.In addition, the 1st liquid introduction part 7 is can deterioration under the boiling point of the 1st liquid α, distortion, not resin, metal or the pottery that can corrode because of the contact of the 1st liquid α.The 1st liquid introducing port 72 links with the not shown pipe that comes out that is used for the 1st liquid α sends.
Covered by the 2nd liquid introduction part 13 from the rear end of the outstanding separating part 4 of the 1st liquid introduction part 7.The 2nd liquid introduction part 13 is tube-shaped tubes that volume inside 16 is separated, and is provided with the 2nd liquid introducing port 15, the 2 liquid introducing ports 15 in its back-end and links with the not shown pipe that comes out that is used for the 2nd liquid β sends.The 2nd imbibition portion 2 that the 2nd liquid β is imported from the 2nd liquid introducing port 15 sucks.The 2nd liquid introduction part 13 engages with separating part 4 or is bonding, and the coefficient of expansion is preferably approximate with separating part 4 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2.The 2nd liquid introduction part 13 also can embed separating part 4 in the mode that contacts with the 1st liquid introduction part 7.
Discharge portion 8 is the resettlement sections 81 that will be positioned at the tubular at rear, be connected with resettlement section 81 and be positioned at the outlet 82 in the place ahead and from the resettlement section 81 and outstanding flange part 83 integrally formed the forming of seam outer rim of outlet 82.Discharge portion 8 is with the rear end of resettlement section 81 and the front opening of outlet 82, and the external diameter of outlet 82 is littler than the external diameter of resettlement section 81, and the internal diameter of the peristome of outlet 82 is littler than the internal diameter of the peristome of resettlement section 81.
The front part of the 1st imbibition portion 3 that is inserted with the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4 is being accommodated in resettlement section 81, so that the front part sidewall of itself and the 1st imbibition portion 3 connects airtight.At this moment, the front end of contraction pipe 5 is covered in the rear end of resettlement section 81 so that its coincidence, so the 1st imbibition portion 3 can not expose.Even it is high in the hardness of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and under the situation that is difficult to be out of shape, because contraction pipe 5 is the buffer unit of sufficient stress, so discharge portion 8 also can be connected airtight well with the 1st imbibition portion 3.
This discharge portion 8 by pyroconductivity up to 10 (Wm -1K -1) above, be difficult to the material formation of corroding and being out of shape for the 1st liquid α and gaseous mixture γ (mist of the gas of the gas of the 2nd liquid β and the 1st liquid α), for example the metal by brass or copper and so on constitutes.
And, flexible elastic tube 6 is embedded, so that it covers seam from the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and contraction pipe 5 to the seam of discharge portion 8 with contraction pipe 5.Promptly, the 1st imbibition portion 3 is embedded in the resettlement section 81 with the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and separating part 4, the outer peripheral face from the outstanding part of contraction pipe 5 of the 1st imbibition portion 3 contacts with the inner surface of resettlement section 81, the part of resettlement section 81 is inserted in the elastic tube 6, resettlement section 81 is clamped between the outer peripheral face of elastic tube 6 and the 1st imbibition portion 3.Like this, elastic tube 6 connects airtight with contraction pipe the 5, the 1st liquid introduction part 7, discharge portion 8 very close to each otherly.
The length of elastic tube 6 is shorter than the length of the 1st imbibition portion 3, and the place ahead of the sidewall of resettlement section 81 is outstanding from elastic tube 6.In addition, also can not make the dual structure of contraction pipe 5 and elastic tube 6,, then also can only be provided with one if only do not leak by one in contraction pipe 5 or the elastic tube 6 gas that just makes the 1st liquid α or the 1st liquid α gasification is obtained.In addition, if by the outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 being implemented overlay film etc. liquid or gas can not oozed out from the outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3, then contraction pipe 5 and elastic tube 6 boths can not yet.
As previously discussed, because contraction pipe 5, elastic tube the 6, the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and discharge portion 8 are respectively pipe arrangement, so in the inner space of contraction pipe 5, elastic tube the 6, the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and discharge portion the 8, the 2nd liquid introduction part 13, accommodating the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 mutually isolatedly by separating part 4.In addition, replacing contraction pipe 5 and elastic tube 6 outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 being implemented for the 1st liquid α is under the situation of overlay film of non-permeability, and this overlay film plays a part the pipe that the 1st liquid introduction part 7 and discharge portion 8 are accommodated the 3, the 2nd imbibition portion 2 of the 1st imbibition portion and 4.
The front end face of the 2, the 1st imbibition portion 3 of the 2nd imbibition portion and separating part 4 left from the end 86 of discharge portion 8, was formed with space 84 between the end 86 of these end faces and discharge portion 8.This space 84 is communicated to the tap 82a of outlet 82.Outlet 82 links with the not shown pipe that comes out that is used for mist γ sends.
On the resettlement section 81 of discharge portion 8, be wound with the heater 10 as heater such as heater coil, heater 10 is connected with resettlement section 81.Owing on resettlement section 81, be wound with heater 10, so 3 to the 2 imbibition portions 2 of the 1st imbibition portion more approach heater 10.Heater 10 is made of electroheat member, is if be applied in the resistive element that voltage then generates heat.For example, can use nickel cobalt line as heater 10.Heater 10 is covered by stable on heating bonding agent 14 such as ceramic bonding agent, epoxy adhesive, by bonding agent 14 heater 10 is fixed on the resettlement section 81.In addition, also can also can use heater 10 and ceramic heater simultaneously with heater 10 instead of ceramic heater.
On the flange part 83 of discharge portion 8, be formed with along the patchhole 85 of radial direction perforation.This patchhole 85 does not reach in the inner space of resettlement section 81 and outlet 82, the end of patchhole 85 reach the 2nd imbibition portion 2 end face near.Temperature sensor 11 is inserted in the patchhole 85, and temperature sensor 11 is positioned near the end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3, thus temperature sensor 11 is embedded in the discharge portion 8.Temperature sensor 11 is thermocouple, thermal resistor or temperature detecting resistance body.Temperature sensor 11 is in order to be covered by insulator with insulation on every side.Temperature sensor 11 detects the temperature of transmitting via discharge portion 8 and bonding agent 14 corresponding to the heating of heater 10.
If with heater 10 heating, then the 1st liquid α that is penetrated into the 1st imbibition portion 3 is discharged the space 84 from the front end face gasification of the 1st imbibition portion 3 by the heat that passes to resettlement section 81 from heater 10, and then be delivered to the 2nd imbibition portion 2 via separating part 4 from the heat of heater 10, make the 2nd liquid β that is penetrated in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 from the front end face gasification of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and discharge the space 84, mix with the gas after the 1st liquid α gasification, this mist γ riddles in the space 84, is discharged by the tap 82a from outlet 82.Like this, space 84 is suitable for the space of doing a plurality of gases mixing.
The 2nd imbibition portion 2 is because across the 1st imbibition portion 3 and separating part 4, so preferably be set at the heating-up temperature of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 lower than the heating-up temperature of the 1st imbibition portion 3.In the case, being heated to be more, the 1st liquid α of high temperature is preferably than being heated to be the higher material of the 2nd liquid β boiling point of low temperature.
Hot box 9 is that the place ahead of the place ahead of heater the 10, the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is surrounded, so that make heater 10, be not emitted to the outside as much as possible by the heat in the place ahead of the place ahead of the 1st imbibition portion 3 of heater 10 heating and the 2nd imbibition portion 2.In addition, the resettlement section 81 of discharge portion 8 is housed in the hot box 9 with flange part 83.
If with the integral body of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the integral body heating of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, then the 1st liquid α is gasified from the rear end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3, the 2nd liquid β is gasified from the rear end face of the 2nd imbibition portion 2.These bubbles can hinder the 1st imbibition portion 3 the 1st liquid α infiltration or hinder the infiltration of the 2nd liquid β of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, make discharge rate become unstable from the mist γ of outlet 82.Because the rear of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the rear of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 are not covered by hot box 9, so the rear of the rear of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is the structure of more promptly dispelling the heat easily, the rear of the 1st imbibition portion 3 can not reach the boiling point of the 1st liquid α, and the rear of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 can not reach the boiling point of the 2nd liquid β.
And heater 10 heats the place ahead of the 1st imbibition portion 3 so that it reaches the boiling point of the 1st liquid α, and the place ahead of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is heated so that it reaches the boiling point of the 2nd liquid β.Thereby if the 1st liquid α is gasified from the front end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3, then the 1st liquid α that is filled into the rear of the 1st imbibition portion 3 of the capillarity by the 1st imbibition portion 3 spontaneously moves towards the place ahead of the 1st imbibition portion 3; If the 2nd liquid β is gasified from the front end face of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, then the 2nd liquid β that is filled into the rear of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 of the capillarity by the 2nd imbibition portion 2 spontaneously moves towards the place ahead of the 2nd imbibition portion 2.
Hot box 9 is by with nowel 92 combinations of the case 91 of upper face side and following side and form receiving space in the inside of hot box 9.Top box 91 and nowel 92 all are made of heat-barrier materials such as engineering plastics such as the pottery that sintering such as titanium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, silica are formed, PES (polyether sulfone), foamed styrene, polyurathamcs.
On the upper limb of the front of the lower edge of the front of top box 91 and nowel 92, be formed with the depression of fan shape, by top box 91 is combined with nowel 92, that these depressions are involutory and form through hole 93.The outlet 82 of discharge portion 8 is embedded in this through hole 93, and outlet 82 is outstanding from the front of hot box 9.In addition, for the flange part 83 of discharge portion 8 being contacted fixed-site with the inner surface of the front face side of hot box 9, but also can be between the inner surface of the front face side of flange part 83 and hot box 9, the space be set in order to improve thermal insulation.If on flange part 83 and opposed faces hot box 9, groove is set, then can be by flange part 83 contraposition with hot box 9 butts, and can form the low gap of pyroconductivity of heat insulation usefulness by groove, can improve effect of heat insulation.
On the upper limb at the back side of the lower edge at the back side of top box 91 and nowel 92, be formed with the depression of fan shape, by top box 91 is combined with nowel 92, that these depressions are involutory and form through hole 94.The place ahead of the place ahead, separating part 4 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 of elastic tube 6, contraction pipe the 5, the 1st imbibition portion 3 is embedded in this through hole 94.By elastic tube 6 and contraction pipe 5 with the clearance seal between the outer peripheral face of the wall of through hole 94 and the 1st imbibition portion 3.
Upper surface at top box 91 is through with wiring pass-through hole 95～97, and the groove 95a～97a that is connected to the back side of top box 91 from wiring pass-through hole 95～97 is formed on the upper surface of top box 91.In wiring pass-through hole 95, be connected with the distribution 11a of temperature sensor 11, distribution 11a bending is laid in the groove 95a.Equally, in wiring pass-through hole 96,97, feed distribution 10a, the 10b at the both ends of heater 10, distribution 10a, 10b bending is laid in groove 96a, the 97a.
Temperature sensor 11 is connected with controller 50 via distribution 11a, and heater 10 also is connected with controller 50 via distribution 10a, 10b.The signal of representing the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11 is input in the controller 50, controller 50 is controlled heater 10 according to the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11, so that the temperature of the temperature of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 becomes desired temperature respectively.Particularly, under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11 situation higher than upper threshold value, controller 50 reduces the electric power of supplying with to heater 10 or will cut out to the electric power that heater 10 is supplied with, in the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11 (wherein than lower threshold value, lower threshold value＜upper threshold value) under the low situation, controller 50 improves the electric power of supplying with to heater 10 or will open to the electric power that heater 10 is supplied with, under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11 was situation more than the lower threshold value, below the upper threshold value, controller 50 was kept the electric power of supplying with to heater 10.
Then, to the action of gasification installation 1 and used the gasification process of gasification installation 1 to describe.
If heater 10 is applied voltage, then heater 10 heatings are with the parts heating that is housed in the hot box 9.Here, in the part of the inboard of heater 10, heating-up temperature reduces away from heater 10.Therefore, the temperature of the 1st nearer imbibition portion 3 is than the temperature height of the 2nd farther imbibition portion 2.In addition, because the end at the rear of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is outside hot box 9, the end in the place ahead is in hot box, be wound with heater 10 on the end forwardly, so the 1st imbibition portion 3 from the end of outlet 82 sides towards the end of the 1st liquid introducing port 72 sides, then temperature reduces; The 2nd imbibition portion 2 from the end of outlet 82 sides towards the end of the 2nd liquid introducing port 15 sides, then temperature reduces.
Under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11 is state more than the lower threshold value and below the upper threshold value, set according to following manner: the temperature of the 1st imbibition portion 3 reaches the boiling point of the 1st liquid α in the end of outlet 82 sides, be lower than the boiling point of the 1st liquid α in the end of the 1st liquid introducing port 72 sides, the temperature of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 reaches the boiling point of the 2nd liquid β in the end of outlet 82 sides, be lower than the boiling point of the 2nd liquid β in the end of the 2nd liquid introducing port 15 sides.In addition, below, in the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2, the end that is wound with heater 10 is called the discharge side end, the end of discharging the opposition side of side is called the absorption side end.
Discharge side end in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3 passes through under heater 10 heated state, if by pump etc. the 2nd liquid β is carried via the 2nd liquid introduction part 13, then the 2nd liquid β is absorbed in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 by the absorption side end from the 2nd imbibition portion 2.The 2nd liquid β that is absorbed in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 moves to the discharge side end by capillarity, is heated by heater 10 and gasifies at the discharge side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2.And the gas after the gasification evapotranspires from the space 84 of discharge side end face in resettlement section 81 of the 2nd imbibition portion 2.Like this owing to the gasification of the 2nd liquid β in the inside of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, so can suppress the bumping of the 2nd liquid β.
On the other hand, by pump etc. the 1st liquid α is being supplied with in the space 71 of the 1st liquid introduction part 7 by entrance hole 73, then the 1st liquid α is absorbed in the 1st imbibition portion 3 by the absorption side end from the 1st imbibition portion 3.The 1st liquid α that is absorbed in the 1st imbibition portion 3 moves to the discharge side end by capillarity, is heated by heater 10 and gasifies at the discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 3.And the gas after the gasification evapotranspires from the space 84 of discharge side end face in resettlement section 81 of the 1st imbibition portion 3.Like this owing to the gasification of the 1st liquid α in the inside of the 1st imbibition portion 3, so can suppress the bumping of the 1st liquid α.
If the boiling point of the 1st liquid α is than the boiling point height of the 2nd liquid β, then according to the Temperature Distribution of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3, the 2nd liquid β gasifies near the discharge side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, and the 1st liquid α gasifies near the discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 3.But, if the boiling point of the 1st liquid α is lower than the boiling point of the 2nd liquid β, carry out temperature control so that the 2nd liquid β gasifies if then set near the discharge side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2, it is overheated that then easier the 1st imbibition portion 3 of being heated by heater 10 understands, the discharge side end is not only in gasification zone in the 1st imbibition portion 3, and expand to the rear from discharging side end, become the reason of the bumping of the 1st liquid α.Therefore, preferably make the boiling point height of the boiling point of the 1st liquid α than the 2nd liquid β.
The gas of the 2nd liquid β of gasification evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 84 of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 in the 2nd imbibition portion 2, and the gas of the 1st liquid α of gasification evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 84 of the 1st imbibition portion 3 in the 1st imbibition portion 3, and these gases mix.This mist γ is discharged from by tap 82a.
When as described above liquid being gasified, controller 50 comes FEEDBACK CONTROL heater 10 according to the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 11, so the gasification zone of the temperature of the discharge side end of the gasification zone of the 1st liquid α in the temperature of the discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 2nd liquid β in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is controlled as desired temperature, desired scope respectively.
As previously discussed, according to present embodiment, the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3 is stacked with one heart, by separating part 4 the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3 are separated, so in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3, the 2nd liquid β, the 1st liquid α can not mix with the state of liquid, so will liquid separately absorb in separately the zone.Therefore, two kinds of liquid that can boiling point is different gasify respectively, so can be with each liquid stabilising ground gasification.And, because the gas that stably takes place is mixed in space 84 respectively, so its mist passes through tap 82a by downstream transport, so this mist passes through tap 82a by downstream transport with stable flow rate.Particularly, be under the situation of methyl alcohol in that to make the 1st liquid α be water, make the 2nd liquid β, can dispose the steam modifier in the downstream and produce hydrogen.
In addition, in the past, if the heating arrangements that the liquid utilization of different boiling is independent respectively is with different temperature heating, then there is gasification installation self to become big shortcoming, but in gasification installation 1, owing to can two kinds of liquid be gasified respectively by 1 heating arrangements (heater 10), so needn't prepare two heating arrangements or gasification installation for the gasification of two kinds of liquid, do not need to control respectively, so can realize the simplification and the cost degradation of save spaceization, circuit on the whole by two temperature sensors.
In addition because the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is embedded into the inboard of the 1st imbibition portion 3, the heater 10 of having reeled in the outside of the 1st imbibition portion 3, thus produce temperature from central shaft towards the high more Temperature Distribution in the radial direction outside.And, owing to being absorbed in the 2nd imbibition portion 2, low-boiling the 2nd liquid β gasifies, the 1st liquid α that boiling point is high absorbs in the 1st imbibition portion 3 and gasify, so the utilization ratio of energy improves, can effectively the 2nd liquid β, the 1st liquid α be gasified.
Heater 10 is not limited to coil shape, if be configured on the side of discharge portion 8, also can be film heating resistor layer.The heating resistor layer both can be a metal oxide, also can be gold (Au), and gold is owing to according to temperature change in resistance takes place, thus can the double as temperature sensor, thus do not need temperature sensor 11, thus distribution structure is oversimplified.
In addition, if discharge portion 8 is an electric conductivity, then as long as covering dielectric film on the discharge portion 8, on this dielectric film, covering the heating resistor layer.At this moment, if the heating resistor layer is a gold, then also can improves and the titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) basalis of etc.ing of the connecting airtight property of dielectric film, be used for preventing that the anti-thermal diffusion layer by tungsten refractory metals such as (W) formation of golden thermal diffusion from stacking gradually between dielectric film and heating resistor layer being used for.
In addition, because the resettlement section 81 of the discharge side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3, discharge portion 8 and flange part 83 and heater 10 are housed in the hot box 9,, the heat energy of heater 10 can be used for effectively the gasification of liquid so heat loss is few.On the other hand, because the absorption side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the 1st imbibition portion 3 is outside hot box 9, so produce thermograde from the absorption side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 to discharging side end, it is lower than the temperature of discharging side end that the temperature of the absorption side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 2 becomes.Therefore, the 2nd liquid β that is absorbed in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 does not gasify near absorbing the side end face, can prevent that the 2nd imbibition portion 2 interior gases from only spraying, promptly can prevent the refluence of gas from the absorption side end face.The 1st liquid α that is absorbed in the 1st imbibition portion 3 does not gasify near absorbing the side end face yet, can prevent the refluence of gas.
In addition, owing in discharge portion 8, imbedded temperature sensor 11, can correctly measure near the temperature in discharge side end face of near temperature in the discharge side end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2.In addition, owing to carry out the temperature control of controller 50 according to correct detected temperatures, so near the temperature the discharge side end face of near temperature the discharge side end face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 can be remained desired temperature, can carry out stable gasification.In addition, because hot box 9 is made the segmenting structure up and down of top box 91 and nowel 92,, improved the assembling operation of gasification installation 1 so can carry out the operation finished by visual.
In addition, if since contraction pipe 5 be heated then shrink, so improved the connecting airtight property of the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and contraction pipe 5.Therefore, the gas of the 1st liquid α and the 1st liquid α can not leak from the outer peripheral face of the 1st imbibition portion 3.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, be the 2nd imbibition portion 2 and the concentric dual structure of the 1st imbibition portion 3, but also can by again the arranged outside of the 1st imbibition portion 3 other cylindric imbibition portion, between this cylindric imbibition portion and the 1st imbibition portion 3, separating part is set, and make triplen.More imbibition portion also can be installed and make concentric sandwich construction.In the case, preferably, concerning the absorption side end face of a plurality of imbibition portion,, promptly approach heater 10, supply with the high liquid of boiling point as the imbibition portion in the outside; ,, absorb the high liquid of boiling point promptly away from heater 10 as the imbibition portion in the outside.
In addition, also can be with the 2nd imbibition portion 2 along circumferentially cutting apart, between the fan-shaped imbibition portion of cutting apart, clamping the next door, make the next door be projected into the face of inboard of the back of the 1st liquid introduction part 7, by the next door space 71 is divided into a plurality of sector spaces, on the outer peripheral face of the 1st liquid introduction part 7, forms the entrance hole that is communicated to each sector space.
In addition, also can be divided into the 2nd imbibition portion 2 a plurality of by the next door.
(the 2nd embodiment)
Fig. 3 A is the rearview of gasification installation 101, Fig. 3 B be along the face of the cut-out line B-B shown in Fig. 3 A to looking cutaway view, Fig. 3 C is the front view of gasification installation 101, Fig. 3 D be along the face of the cut-out line D-D shown in Fig. 3 B to looking cutaway view.
Shown in Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 D, main body pipe 109 is with square tubulose setting, and the back opening and the front openings of main body pipe 109 are closed, and are formed with the inner space in this main body pipe 109.Be formed with the next door parallel 104 in the inboard of main body pipe 109, the inner space of main body pipe 109 be divided into from the place ahead of main body pipe 109 to two spaces up and down at rear by this next door 104 with its upper surface and lower surface.In addition, next door 104 is attached at the rear end face of main body pipe 109, the inboard of left and right side, and is not attached at the inboard of the front end face of main body pipe 109.Therefore, the space of the upside in the main body pipe 109 is communicated with near front surface with the space of downside, gives label 184 for the space of the part of this space connection up and down.
Convex with the 2nd liquid introducing port 172 that imports the 2nd liquid β, the 1st liquid introducing port 174 that imports the 1st liquid α in the back of main body pipe 109, on the front surface of main body pipe 109, convex with outlet 182.Front end along the central shaft of the 2nd liquid introducing port 172 from the 2nd liquid introducing port 172 is through with entrance hole 173 to the inner surface of main body pipe 109, and this entrance hole 173 is communicated to the space of the downside in the main body pipe 109.In addition, the front end along the central shaft of the 1st liquid introducing port 174 from the 1st liquid introducing port 174 is through with entrance hole 175 to the inner surface of main body pipe 109, and this entrance hole 175 is communicated to the space of the upside in the main body pipe 109.In addition, the front end along the central shaft of outlet 182 from outlet 182 is through with tap 182a to the inner surface of main body pipe 109, and this tap 182a is communicated in the space 184.
Be filled with the 2nd imbibition portion 102 in the space of the downside in main body pipe 109, be filled with in the space of upside that 103, the 2 imbibition portions 102 of the 1st imbibition portion and the 1st imbibition portion 103 clip next door 104 between them and stacked along thickness direction.The 1st imbibition portion 103 and the 2nd imbibition portion 102 are the cores that form the square rod shape.In addition, the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the 1st imbibition portion 103 are same with the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 of the 1st embodiment respectively, are the porous plastids that has formed short space in inside, can absorb liquid.
The rear end face of the 2nd imbibition portion 102 (following this end face is called absorbs the side end face) is towards entrance hole 173, front end face (following this end face is called discharged the side end face) space-oriented 184.The rear end face of the 1st imbibition portion 103 (following this end face is called absorbs the side end face) is towards entrance hole 175, front end face (following this end face is called discharged the side end face) space-oriented 184.
On the upper surface of main body pipe 109, be equipped with heater 110.The position of carrying heater 110 is on the main body pipe 109 of discharge side end side of the 1st imbibition portion 103.Therefore, imbibition portion 102,103 is from absorbing side end towards discharging side end, then temperature increase more gradually.In addition, 103 to the 2 imbibition portions 102 of the 1st imbibition portion approach the discharge side end temperature height of the discharge side end of heater 110, the 1 imbibition portions 103 than the 2nd imbibition portion 102.
In addition, main body pipe 109 and the 1st liquid introducing port the 174, the 2nd liquid introducing port 172, outlet 182 are made of metal (for example stainless steel (SUS316)).
Then, to the action of gasification installation 101 and used the gasification process of gasification installation 101 to describe.
The discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 103 and the 2nd imbibition portion 102 by heaters such as ceramic heater 110 heated state under, if by pump etc. the 1st liquid α is carried in the entrance hole 175 of the 1st liquid introducing port 174, then the 1st liquid α is absorbed in the 1st imbibition portion 103 by the absorption side end face from the 1st imbibition portion 103.And the heat of the 1st liquid α by heater 110 that is penetrated into the discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 103 gasifies.And the gas that gasification obtains evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 184 of the 1st imbibition portion 103.
Because 103 to the 2 imbibition portions 102 of the 1st imbibition portion more approach heater 110, and be clipped between the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the heater 110, so the heating-up temperature of heater 110 is at the discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 103 discharge side end height than the 2nd imbibition portion 102.Therefore, preferably, the boiling point of the 1st liquid α is than the boiling point height of the 2nd liquid β.
On the other hand, if by pump etc. the 2nd liquid β is carried in the entrance hole 173 of the 2nd liquid introducing port 172, then the 2nd liquid β is absorbed in the 2nd imbibition portion 102 by the absorption side end face from the 2nd imbibition portion 102.And the heat of the 2nd liquid β by heater 110 that is penetrated into the discharge side end of the 2nd imbibition portion 102 gasifies.And the gas that gasification obtains evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 184 of the 2nd imbibition portion 102.
The gas of the 2nd liquid β that evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 184 of the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the 1st liquid α that evapotranspires from the discharge side space-oriented 184 of the 1st imbibition portion 103 mixes in space 184.This mist is discharged from by tap 182a.
According to present embodiment, owing between the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the 1st imbibition portion 103, clip next door 104, the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the 1st imbibition portion 103 is stacked, so the 2nd imbibition portion 102 and the 1st imbibition portion 103 can absorb liquid respectively.Therefore, two kinds of liquid that can boiling point is different gasify respectively, so can be with each liquid stabilising ground gasification.And then, owing to can two kinds of liquid be gasified respectively,, can realize save spaceization and cost degradation on the whole so needn't prepare two gasification installations for the gasification of carrying out two kinds of liquid by 1 gasification installation 101.
In addition, absorb owing to the 1st liquid α that boiling point is high in the end of the 1st high imbibition portion 103 of heating-up temperature gasify, with low-boiling the 2nd liquid β in the gasification of the end of the 2nd low imbibition portion 102 of heating-up temperature, so the utilization ratio of energy improves, can effectively the 1st liquid α, the 2nd liquid β be gasified.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, what make is to clip next door 104 and dual structure that the 1st imbibition portion 103 is overlapped with the 2nd imbibition portion 102 between the 1st imbibition portion 103 and the 2nd imbibition portion 102, but also can be by more next door is set in main body pipe 109, spaces in the main body pipe 109 are divided into absorption side end face from main body pipe 109 to a plurality of spaces of discharging the side end face, imbibition portion is filled in each space.In the case, leave from the inboard of the front of main body pipe 109 by the front end that makes each next door, a plurality of spaces of cutting apart are up and down connected by space 184, and will be communicated to the rear end face side that the entrance hole that is divided into each a plurality of spaces up and down is formed on main body pipe 109.In addition, on the absorption side end face of a plurality of imbibition portion, preferably, supply with the high liquid of boiling point, absorb the higher liquid of boiling point along with approaching heater 110 for the imbibition portion that approaches heater 110.
In addition, also can be not only the spaces in the main body pipe 109 be separated up and down by next door 104, but also the next door that will be parallel to the left and right side of main body pipe 109 is configured in the main body pipe 109, main body pipe 109 interior spaces are separated up and down.In the case, front end by each next door leaves from the inboard of the front surface of main body pipe 109, the edge is connected by space 184 by 4 a plurality of spaces of cutting apart up and down, and forms the entrance hole that is communicated in each space of cutting apart up and down on the rear surface of main body pipe 109.
In addition, under the 2nd liquid β ratio that is absorbed by the 2nd imbibition portion 102 situation high, heater 110 is arranged on the lower surface of main body pipe 109 by the 1st liquid α boiling point of the 1st imbibition portion 103 absorptions.
Main body pipe 109 by pyroconductivity up to 10 (Wm -1K -1) above, be difficult to the material formation of corroding and being out of shape for the 1st liquid α and gaseous mixture γ (mist of the gas of the gas of the 2nd liquid β and the 1st liquid α), for example the metal by brass or copper and so on constitutes.
Heater 110 is not limited to coil shape, if be configured on the side of main body pipe 109, also can be film heating resistor layer.The heating resistor layer both can be a metal oxide, also can be gold (Au), and gold is owing to according to temperature change in resistance takes place, thus can the double as temperature sensor, thus do not need to be provided with in addition temperature sensor, thus distribution structure is oversimplified.
If main body pipe 109 is an electric conductivity, then as long as covering dielectric film on the main body pipe 109, on this dielectric film, covering the heating resistor layer.At this moment, if the heating resistor layer is a gold, then also can improves and the titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) basalis of etc.ing of the connecting airtight property of dielectric film, be used for preventing that the anti-thermal diffusion layer by tungsten refractory metals such as (W) formation of golden thermal diffusion from stacking gradually between dielectric film and heating resistor layer being used for.
(application examples)
Fig. 4 is with the block diagram of gasification installation 1 with socket 901,902, pump 903,904, modifier 905, carbon monoxide remover 906, fuel cell 907 and burner 908 expressions.
The 1st liquid introducing port 72 is connected with pump 904, and this pump 904 is connected with socket 902.In this socket 902, store water (100 ℃ of boiling points), water is delivered in the 1st liquid introducing port 72 by pump 904.As pump 904, also can use syringe pump or electroosmotic pump (Electro-OsmoticPump).
On the 2nd liquid introduction part 13, connect pump 903, and this pump 903 is connected with socket 901.(for example methyl alcohol (boiling point is 65 ℃) or ethanol (boiling point is 78.3 ℃) are carried liquid fuel by pump 903 to separating part 4 to store the liquid fuel lower than water boiling point in this socket 901.As pump 903, also can use syringe pump or electroosmotic pump (Electro-Osmotic Pump).
On the outlet 82 of discharge portion 8, be connected with modifier 905, will supply to the modifier 905 from the fuel of gasification installation 1 discharge and the mist of water.
Modifier 905 makes from the fuel of gasification installation 1 supply and the mist catalytic reaction of water, generates hydrogen etc.In addition, in modifier 905, also generate the carbon monoxide of trace.In addition, the liquid fuel in being stored in socket 901 is under the situation of methyl alcohol, and such reaction shown in following formula (1), (2) takes place in modifier 905.
CH 3OH+H 2O→3H 2+CO 2 (1)
2CH 3OH+H 2O→5H 2+CO+CO 2 (2)
The mist of the product that is generated by modifier 905 is fed in the carbon monoxide remover 906, supplies air in the carbon monoxide remover 906 by air pump again.In carbon monoxide remover 906, by the carbon monoxide in the catalyst selection mist, thereby with the oxidation of carbon monoxide preferential ground, and hydrogen is not oxidized.
Fuel cell 907 possess the fuel electrodes 907a that supported catalyst particles, supported the air pole 907b of catalyst particles and be clipped in fuel electrodes 907a and air pole 907b between dielectric film 907c.For fuel electrodes 907a, supply with mist from carbon monoxide remover 906; For air pole 907b, by the air pump air supply.An electrode in fuel electrodes 907a and air pole 907b generates ion, and ion sees through dielectric film 907c, generates water at another electrode, produces electric power thus between fuel electrodes 907a and air pole 907b.In addition, be under the situation of dielectric film (for example solid polyelectrolyte membrane) of hydrogen ion permeability at dielectric film 907c, the such reaction of following formula (3) takes place at fuel electrodes 907a, the such reaction of following formula (4) takes place at air pole 907b.
H 2→2H ++2e - (3)
2H ++1/2O 2+2e -→H 2O (4)
The tail gas that is included in responseless remaining hydrogen of fuel electrodes 907a etc. is supplied in the burner 908, supply air in the burner 908 by air pump.In burner 908, airborne oxygen and unreacted hydrogen produce the combustion heat by catalytic reaction.The combustion heat uses in the reaction of modifier 905 and carbon monoxide remover 906.
Entire system shown in Figure 4 is loaded in the electronic equipment of personal computer, PDA, electronic notebook, digital camera, portable telephone, wrist-watch, logger, projector of notebook type and so on, and fuel cell 907 uses as the power supply of electronic equipment.
In addition, under the situation in the system that the gasification installation 101 shown in Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 D is applied to Fig. 4, the 1st liquid introducing port 174 is connected to pump 904, the 2nd liquid introducing port 172 is connected to pump 903, supply with water from socket 902 to the 1st liquid introducing port 174, supply with fuel liquid to the 2nd liquid introducing port 172 from socket 901.
In addition, the boiling point of fuel than the high situation of the boiling point of water under, as long as fuel is imported in the 1st liquid introducing port 72, water is imported in the 2nd liquid introducing port 13.
(embodiment 1)
Test.In experiment, use gasification installation 501 as shown in Figure 5 as a comparative example.This gasification installation 501 is that the integral body with separating part the 4, the 1st imbibition portion 3 of Fig. 1 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 replaces with a columned imbibition portion 502, pulls down with elastic tube 6 lengthenings, with the 1st liquid introduction part and form.Except above, gasification installation 501 is identical with gasification installation 1, and pump is connected on the flowmeter, and this flowmeter is connected on the elastic tube 6, and the tap 82a of outlet 82 is open.In addition, the condition of imbibition portion 502 is as follows.
(a) imbibition portion 502 (cylinder): the porosity 41%, particle diameter 30 μ m, diameter 1.5mm, length 10.0mm is heated to 130 ℃ via resettlement section 81 by heater 10 with front end 2mm.
(b) discharge portion 8: material brass, the internal diameter of tap 82a are 0.5mm
Under not with heater 10 heated state, the methanol aqueous solution of 60wt% is transported to elastic tube 6 by pump (electroosmotic pump) via flowmeter, by the flow of flowmeter survey methanol aqueous solution.The measurement result of flow is represented in Fig. 6.In addition, the setting value with the flow of pump is 60 μ l/min.
Heater 10 is being heated under 130 ℃ the state, the methanol aqueous solution of 60wt% is being transported to elastic tube 6 by pump (electroosmotic pump) via flowmeter, by the flow of flowmeter survey methanol aqueous solution.The measurement result of flow is represented in Fig. 7.As shown in Figure 7, in the methanol aqueous solution that does not have azeotropic point, the peak value of flow taking place continually in during the short time, has produced pulsation in methanol aqueous solution.And then the change of flow is also bigger.In addition, 1 cycle of pulsation is the time from the peak value of the flow of Fig. 7 to the peak value of next flow.Can see between short-term that maximum approaches the changes in flow rate of 10 μ l/min.
And, in the gasification installation 1 of structure shown in Figure 1, heater 10 is being heated under 130 ℃ the state, the conveying capacity in the time of will pure water being transported to the 1st liquid introduction part 7 by pump (electroosmotic pump), the conveying capacity when by pump (syringe pump) methyl alcohol being carried the 2nd liquid introduction part 13 are represented in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 respectively.Gasification installation 1 is set at following condition.
(a) the 2nd imbibition portion 2 (cylinder): the porosity 41%, diameter 1.5mm, length 20.0mm,
(b) separating part 4 (cylindrical duct): material SUS 316, internal diameter 1.5mm, and thickness 0.1mm, length 20.0mm,
(c) the 1st imbibition portion 3 (cylinder): the porosity 41%, external diameter 2.3mm, length 10.0mm is heated to 130 ℃ via resettlement section 81 by heater 10 with front end 2mm.
(d) discharge portion 8: brass, the diameter of tap 82a are mm
As shown in Figure 8, owing in the 1st imbibition portion 3, have only pure water,, can stably carry so in flow, do not fluctuate widely significantly.
As shown in Figure 9, result from the injection pump characteristics from 0 second to this situation that about 110 second flow amounts increase gradually, flow reduces gradually after about 110 seconds.
By above experiment as can be known, if will not have the methanol aqueous solution gasification of azeotropic point, then can produce bigger pulsation, and can not produce bigger pulsation for water and under separately separately for the situation of methyl alcohol.Therefore, gasification respectively then can be gasified two kinds of liquid stabilising ground if as the gasification installation 1 of above-mentioned embodiment and gasification installation 101 two kinds of liquid are supplied to respectively in gasification installation 1 and the gasification installation 101.
Figure 10 is illustrated in the gasification installation 1 under heater 10 being heated to 130 ℃ state the 1st imbibition portion 3 is supplied with high boiling relatively water, the data of thermograde when the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is supplied with lower boiling methyl alcohol relatively.The discharge side end of the 1st imbibition portion 3 and the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is owing to being heated more equably, so reaching the boiling point of any liquid in the zone on a large scale, so as can be known can be well with water and methanol gasifying.
Figure 11 is illustrated in the gasification installation 1 under heater 10 being heated to 130 ℃ state the 1st imbibition portion 3 is supplied with lower boiling relatively methyl alcohol, the data of thermograde when the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is supplied with high boiling water relatively.The 1st imbibition portion 3 significantly surpasses the boiling point of methyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is excessively gasified, with respect to this, the discharge side end in the 2nd imbibition portion 2 is not because of enough heats are transmitted in the heat absorption of the methanol gasifying in the 1st imbibition portion 3, reach boiling point regional less of water, water does not reach enough amount of vaporization.
Below, utilize accompanying drawing to describe to being used for implementing other embodiments of the present invention.But, in the embodiment of the following stated, added and implemented the preferred technically various qualifications of the present invention, but be not that scope of invention is defined in following embodiment and illustrated example being used to.
Figure 12 is the cutaway view of gasification installation 201, and Figure 13 is above the expression, the exploded perspective view of positive, right flank, and Figure 14 is above the expression, the exploded perspective view of the back side, left surface.
As Figure 12, Figure 13, shown in Figure 14, this gasification installation 201 possesses makes liquid be penetrated into imbibition portion 202 in the inside, contain the material that shrinks by being heated, or in the main chain of molecular structure, do not comprise two keys or the less contraction pipe 203 that resembles the material of the flexible power the hear resistance rubber, be configured to the radiating part 204 that is connected with the rear end of imbibition portion 202, heat-conduction part 205 to imbibition portion 202 conduction heat, lower than heat-conduction part 205 pyroconductivities, suppress the hot box 206 that the heat in the place ahead of heated imbibition portion 202 is transmitted to the outside of gasification installation 201, heating portion 207 with 202 heating of imbibition portion, measure the temperature sensor 208 of the temperature of imbibition portion 202 via heat-conduction part 205, the discharge portion 209 of discharging with the gas that will discharge by imbibition portion 202.
Imbibition portion 202 be bar-shaped, particularly be to form columned core, have will with absorb fluid intake that side end 202b contact picks up discharge side end 202a in inside, by capillarity character.Particularly, imbibition portion 202 is the porous plastids that are formed with short space in inside, be the parts that can absorb liquid, even by can fusion by heating portion 207 heating yet, the material of deterioration constitutes, for example with inorfil or organic fiber fixedly forms by bond material (for example epoxy resin) or the inorganic powder sintering formed or also can be that inorganic powder is fixedly formed by bond material (for example epoxy resin), or the porous matter mixture of graphite and glassy carbon.In addition, imbibition portion 202 also can prick bundle with many wire rods that are made of inorfil or organic fiber and fixedly form by bond material.For example, can use acrylic fiber Shu Xin as imbibition portion 202.
This imbibition portion 202 is inserted into central portion in the contraction pipe 203, exposes so that discharge side end 202a and absorb side end 202b, and the outer peripheral face of the central portion of imbibition portion 202 connects airtight on contraction pipe 203.Contraction pipe 203 is shorter than imbibition portion 202, and both ends 202a, the 202b of imbibition portion 202 lays respectively at the position that goes out from each distal process of contraction pipe 203.
Contraction pipe 203 is owing to absorb the character that liquid in the inside has impermeability to imbibition portion 202, so liquid that can not escapes to the outside from contraction pipe 203.Contraction pipe 203 preferably has elasticity and has shrinkage.In addition, in contraction pipe 203, do not insert under the nature of imbibition portion 202, the internal diameter of contraction pipe 203 is littler than the diameter of imbibition portion 202, with contraction pipe 203 hole enlargements, this is preferred from imbibition portion 202 with the connecting airtight property of contraction pipe 203, the aspect of anti-leak of liquid by imbibition portion 202 is inserted.
Imbibition portion 202 absorbs side end 202b and is embedded in the radiating part 204 of tubulose from the intermediate portion to it, discharges side end 202a and is embedded in the heat-conduction part 205 from the intermediate portion to it.Have between radiating part 204 and heat-conduction part 205 at interval, they leave mutually and do not contact.
The part of contraction pipe 203 also is embedded in the radiating part 204 under the state that has inserted imbibition portion 202.The outer peripheral face from the outstanding part of contraction pipe 203 of imbibition portion 202 contacts with the inner surface of radiating part 204.This radiating part 204 for example constitutes the thermal conductivity ratio imbibition portion 202 of radiating part 204, the pyroconductivity of contraction pipe 203 and the pyroconductivity height of hot box 206 by high materials of pyroconductivity such as gold (pyroconductivity 315W/mK), silver (pyroconductivity 427W/mK), copper (pyroconductivity 398W/mK), aluminium (pyroconductivity 237W/mK), pottery or carbon fibers.Radiating part 204 is tubular construction preferably, is preferably especially that apparent volume is not too big, the area the greater on the surface of heat radiation, for example preferably is formed with groove on the outer surface.
This heat-conduction part 205 is than imbibition portion's 202 pyroconductivity height, it is the tube of accommodating the discharge side end 202a side of imbibition portion 202 in the mode of connecting airtight, and it is to form by the discharge portion 209 that a part is exposed from hot box 206 with from the outstanding flange part 53 of the heat-conduction part 205 and the seam outer rim of discharge portion 209.Discharge portion 209 is overshooting shapes more outstanding than the flange surface of flange part 53, discharge portion 209 is provided with tap 55, and the gas that the heat of imbibition portion 202 by heating portion 207 that tap 55 is used for being inserted in the heat-conduction part 205 obtains inner liquid gasification is discharged.The external diameter of discharge portion 209 is littler than the external diameter of heat-conduction part 205, and the internal diameter of discharge portion 209 (diameter of tap 55) is littler than the internal diameter of heat-conduction part 205.This heat-conduction part 205 preferably contains just like the such heat of heating portion 207 can being passed to effectively imbibition portion 202, can promote the material of the gasification of liquid of the metal higher than contraction pipe 203, hot box 206 and imbibition portion 202 pyroconductivities (for example brass Cu70%, Zn30%, pyroconductivity 106W/mK).
Imbibition portion 202 is inserted in the heat-conduction part 205, and the part of contraction pipe 203 also is inserted in the heat-conduction part 205, and the outer peripheral face from the outstanding part of contraction pipe 203 of imbibition portion 202 contacts with the inner surface of heat-conduction part 205.
On the periphery of heat-conduction part 205, be wound with the heating portion 207 as heater of heater coil etc., heating portion 207 contacts with heat-conduction part 205.This heating portion 207 is made of electroheat member, generates heat by electricity.For example, nickel cobalt line can be used as heating portion 207.Heat-conduction part 205 is conductive components, be under the situation of heating resistor of electroheat member and so in heating portion 207, preferably between heat-conduction part 205 and heating portion 207, clamp the not shown dielectric film that comes out, give heating portion 207 effectively and heat will apply voltage.Wherein, if heat-conduction part 205 is enough little from the part that hot box 206 exposes, then can there be such dielectric film yet.Heating portion 207 is covered by ceramic bonding agent 56, by ceramic bonding agent 56 heating portion 207 is fixed on the heat-conduction part 205.
On flange part 53, be formed with along the patchhole 54 of radial direction perforation.This patchhole 54 does not reach in the inner space of heat-conduction part 205 and discharge portion 209, and the end of patchhole 54 reaches near the end face of imbibition portion 202.Patchhole 54 is filled the insulating properties bonding agent under the state that is inserted with temperature sensor 208 and since temperature sensor 208 around being insulated property bonding agent cover, so even heat-conduction part 205 is formed by conductive component, also with heat-conduction part 205 electric insulations.Temperature sensor 208 is positioned near the end face of imbibition portion 202, thus temperature sensor 208 is embedded in the flange part 53.Temperature sensor 208 is thermocouple, thermal resistor or temperature detecting resistance body.Temperature sensor 208 detects the temperature of transmitting via heat-conduction part 205 and insulating properties bonding agent corresponding to the heating of heating portion 207.
If with heater 7 heating, then the liquid that will be penetrated in the imbibition portion 202 by the heat of transmitting to heat-conduction part 205 from heater 7 gasifies, and discharges from tap 55.
Hot box 206 surrounds the place ahead of heating portion 207, imbibition portion 202 so that as far as possible with heating portion 207 and by the heat dissipation in the place ahead of the imbibition portion 202 of heating portion 207 heating to the outside.In addition, heat-conduction part 205 is housed in the hot box 206 with flange part 53, and heating portion 207 also is housed in the hot box 206.Radiating part 204 is in outside the hot box 206.
If the integral body of imbibition portion 202 is heated equably, then liquid is gasified from the absorption side end 202b of imbibition portion 202.These bubbles become steric hindrance and hinder the infiltration of the liquid of imbibition portion 202, make the discharge rate of the gas of discharging from discharge portion 209 become unstable.
The rear of imbibition portion 202 is not owing to covered by hot box 206, so comparing with the part that is covered by hot box 206 is the structure that is easier to promptly dispel the heat, and then, surface because the heat of imbibition portion 202 is delivered to radiating part 204 from radiating part 204 discharges, so can not reach the boiling point of the liquid in the imbibition portion 202 at the rear of imbibition portion 202.
And heating portion 207 is with the place ahead heating of imbibition portion 202, to reach the boiling point that is penetrated into the liquid in the imbibition portion 202.Thereby if vaporized gas is discharged from discharging side end 202a in imbibition portion 202, then the capillarity by imbibition portion 202 makes the liquid at the rear that is filled in imbibition portion 202 spontaneously move towards the place ahead of imbibition portion 202.
Hot box 206 forms receiving space by the top box 61 of combination upper face side and the nowel 62 of following side in the inside of hot box 206.Top box 61 and nowel 62 all are made of the low heat-barrier material of engineering plastics such as the pottery that sintering such as titanium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, silica are formed, PES (polyether sulfone), foamed styrene, polyurathamc, glass geometric ratio heat-conduction part 205 pyroconductivities.
On the upper limb of the front of the lower edge of the front of top box 61 and nowel 62, be formed with the depression of fan shape, by top box 61 is combined with nowel 62, that these depressions are involutory and form through hole 63.Discharge portion 209 is embedded in this through hole 63, and discharge portion 209 is outstanding from the front of hot box 206.In addition, for the flange part 53 of heat-conduction part 205 being contacted fixed-site with the inner surface of the front face side of hot box 206, but also can be between the inner surface of the front face side of flange part 53 and hot box 206, the space be set in order to improve thermal insulation.If on flange part 53 and opposed faces hot box 206, groove is set, then can be by flange part 53 contraposition with hot box 206 butts, and can form the low gap of pyroconductivity of heat insulation usefulness by groove, can improve effect of heat insulation.
On the upper limb at the back side of the lower edge at the back side of top box 61 and nowel 62, be formed with the depression of fan shape, by top box 61 is combined with nowel 62, that these depressions are involutory and form through hole 64.Contraction pipe 203 and imbibition portion 202 are embedded in this through hole 64.Contraction pipe 203 connects airtight with the wall of through hole 64, gap being retracted property pipe 203 sealings between the outer peripheral face of the wall of through hole 64 and imbibition portion 202.
Upper surface at top box 61 is through with wiring pass-through hole 65～67, and the groove 65a～67a that is connected to the back side of top box 61 from wiring pass-through hole 65～67 is formed on the upper surface of top box 61.In wiring pass-through hole 65, feed the distribution 51 of temperature sensor 208, distribution 51 bendings are laid in the groove 65.Equally, in wiring pass-through hole 66,67, feed distribution 271, the distribution 272 at the both ends of heating portion 207, distribution 271, distribution 272 are bent and be laid in groove 66a, the 67a.
Temperature sensor 208 is connected with controller 250 via distribution 51, and heater 207 also is connected with controller 250 via distribution 271, distribution 272.The signal of representing the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 is input in the controller 250, and controller 250 is controlled heater 207 according to the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 so that the temperature of the discharge side end 202a side of heat-conduction part 205 and imbibition portion 202 becomes desired temperature respectively.Particularly, under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 situation higher than upper threshold value, controller 250 reduces the electric power of supplying with to heater 207 or will cut out to the electric power that heater 207 is supplied with; In the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 (wherein than lower threshold value, lower threshold value＜upper threshold value) under the low situation, controller 250 improves the electric power of supplying with to heater 207 or will open to the electric power that heater 207 is supplied with, under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 was situation more than the lower threshold value, below the upper threshold value, controller 250 was kept the electric power of supplying with to heater 207.
Then, to the action of gasification installation 201 and used the gasification process of gasification installation 201 to describe.
If heating portion 207 is applied voltage, then heating portion 207 heatings are with the parts heating that is housed in the hot box 206.Under this state, if by pump etc. liquid is sent in the radiating part 204 of supply pipe of double as liquid, then the liquid in the radiating part 204 are absorbed in imbibition portion 202 by the absorption side end 202b from imbibition portion 202.The liquid that is absorbed in the imbibition portion 202 moves by the discharge side end 202a of capillarity towards opposition side.Here, in the part of the inboard of heater 7, because heating-up temperature reduces away from heater 7, so under the detected temperatures of temperature sensor 208 is state more than the lower threshold value and below the upper threshold value, set: reach the boiling point of liquid and be the temperature that is lower than the boiling point of liquid absorbing side end 202b side in the discharge side end 202a of imbibition portion 202 side according to following mode.Therefore, mainly in the discharge side end 202a of imbibition portion 202 side, make the liquid gasification.And this gas is discharged via the tap 55 of discharge portion 209 from the discharge side end 202a of imbibition portion 202.If gasified and discharge at the discharge side end 202a place of imbibition portion 202 liquid, then liquid then is filled the gasification of proceeding liquid from absorbing side end 202b side by capillarity.
In addition, when liquid is gasified, because controller 250 so can manage the discharge side end 202a side of heat-conduction part 205 and imbibition portion 202 successively, can remain desired temperature range according to the detected temperature feedback control heating portion 207 of temperature sensor 208 along with the variation of time.
As previously discussed, according to present embodiment, owing to discharge side end, heat-conduction part 205 and flange part 53 and the heating portion 207 of imbibition portion 202 are housed in the hot box 206,, the heat energy of heating portion 207 can be used for effectively the gasification of liquid so heat loss is few.In addition, if suppose imbibition portion 202 the place ahead temperature because of external former thereby become unstable, imbibition portion 202 is overheated, then in imbibition portion 202, excessively promote gasification and become the reason that causes bumping, but in the present embodiment, because the place ahead of imbibition portion 202 is by hot box 206 accumulation of heats, so heat insulating ability is higher, the influence because of environment such as external temperatures of gasification installation 201 is little, so the temperature control of the gasification that is used for stably carrying out liquid is become easily, become the overheated structure of easy inhibition.
On the other hand, because the absorption side end of imbibition portion 202 is in outside the hot box 206, so produce thermograde from the absorption side end 202b of imbibition portion 202 to discharging side end 202a, it is lower than the temperature of discharging side end 202a that the temperature of the absorption side end 202b of imbibition portion 202 becomes.Particularly, because the absorption side end of imbibition portion 202 contacts with the radiating part 204 of high thermal conductivity, this radiating part 204 is in the outside of hot box 206, so the thermal capacitance of the absorption side end of imbibition portion 202 is easily from radiating part 204 natural heat dissipations.
A part of supposing the gas that excessively produces because of reason such as overheated in imbibition portion 202 does not discharge from absorbing side end 202b and sprays in radiating part 204 from discharging side end 202a fully, then the capillary force of imbibition portion 202 and with liquid under the effect of the driving force of the pump that imbibition portion 202 sends, the local situation that will absorb at least a portion covering of side end 202b with the form of bubble that exists, this bubble become steric hindrance and cause the minimizing of picked-up area (contact area) of liquid at the absorption side end 202b place of imbibition portion 202.Therefore, the infiltration capacity of the liquid of imbibition portion 202 temporarily reduces to I haven't seen you for ages and becomes unstable.At this moment, the liquid measure in the imbibition portion 202 tails off, and becomes overheated state.And then, bubble enters in the imbibition portion 202 from absorbing side end 202b face once more.If bubble flows in imbibition portion 202, then because bubble is a gas, and specific viscosity is low mutually with liquid, thus flow velocity rising temporarily, and the liquid that flows into together is at imbibition portion 202 place's bumpings.
But, in the present embodiment, because radiating part 204 discharges heat effectively, so that keep the state of the rear of imbibition portion 202 than the place ahead low temperature, so it is overheated to be difficult for taking place, therefore amount of vaporization discharges the situation of gas than the remarkable minimizing in the place ahead towards radiating part 204 sides from absorption side end 202b so almost there is not the gas refluence that produces in imbibition portion 202.Therefore, the rear that can suppress imbibition portion 202 is overheated, thus can make the infiltration capacity of the liquid in the imbibition portion 202 become stable, and can make discharge rate become stable from the gas of discharge portion 209.And then, if the liquid continuous of q.s supplied in the imbibition portion 202, even then produced micro-bubble at absorption side end 202b place, also can be by more the liquid and radiating part 204 coolings of low temperature are liquefied, so can promptly eliminate steric hindrance, can reduce the changes in flow rate of bringing by bumping.
In addition, owing to can dispel the heat effectively by radiating part 204, thus the length of the length direction of the imbibition portion 202 that need not extend and increase area of dissipation for the refluence that suppresses gas, so can realize the miniaturization of gasification installation 201.
In addition, owing in flange part 53, imbedded temperature sensor 208, can correctly measure near the temperature in discharge side end face of imbibition portion 202.In addition, owing to carry out the temperature control of controller 250,, can carry out stable gasification between lower threshold value and upper threshold value so near the temperature the discharge side end face of imbibition portion 202 can be remained constantly according to correct detected temperatures.In addition, because hot box 206 has been made the segmenting structure up and down of top box 61 and nowel 62, thus can carry out the operation finished by visual, and improved the assembling operation of gasification installation 201.
In addition, if since contraction pipe 203 be heated then shrink, so improved the connecting airtight property of the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral face of imbibition portion 202 and contraction pipe 203.Therefore, can be from the outer peripheral face ejection gas of imbibition portion 202.
In the present invention, have thermograde with absorption side end side, can suppress the bumping of liquid by discharge side end side in imbibition portion.
In addition, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, also can carry out various improvement and design alteration in the scope that does not break away from purport of the present invention.
For example, also can by fan etc. around radiating part 204, causing forced convertion and radiating part is 204 air-cooled, further with the heat of the absorption side end of imbibition portion 202 from radiating part 204 heat radiations.In addition, also can be with radiating part 204 water-cooleds.Under any situation of natural heat dissipation, air-cooled, water-cooled, can be concavo-convex by on the outer surface of radiating part 204, being provided with, or be convexly equipped with fin increase radiating part 204 surface area, improve the radiating efficiency of radiating part 204.
In addition, both can replace heater coil and use ceramic heater, also can use heater coil and ceramic heater simultaneously for heating portion 207.
In addition, if make liquid or gas can not ooze out, then can there be contraction pipe 203 from the outer peripheral face of imbibition portion 202 by the outer peripheral face of imbibition portion 202 being implemented overlay film etc. yet.In addition, as contraction pipe 203, also imbibition portion 202 can be inserted in the double pipe of caoutchouc elasticity pipe and heat-shrinkable pipe.
In addition, the gasification installation 201A of variation that also can be as shown in figure 15 is such, and temperature sensor 208 is not set.Since temperature sensor 208 is not set in gasification installation 201A, thus can on flange part 53, not form patchhole 54 yet, and on top box 61, do not form wiring pass-through hole 65 and groove 65a.Gasification installation 201A shown in Figure 15 is not except having temperature sensor 208, patchhole 54, wiring pass-through hole 65, similarly design with the gasification installation 201 of Figure 12, so for gasification installation 201A, to giving identical label corresponding to the part of gasification installation 201.In the gasification installation 201A of such structure, also heating portion 207 can be made along with temperature is different and heating resistor that resistance characteristic changes takes place to come double as be temperature sensor.Anti-deterioration such as the variation that takes place corresponding to variations in temperature from resistivity is enough big, resistance to oxidation and corrode strong aspect, heating resistor is preferably gold (Au) or contains the alloy of gold, also can be the stepped construction that contains heating resistor and other conducting films of gold.At heat-conduction part 205 is under the situation of electric conductivity, as long as covering dielectric film on the heat-conduction part 205, cover the heating resistor layer on this dielectric film.Particularly, if the heating resistor layer contains gold, then also can improve and the titanium (Ti) and the tantalum basalises such as (Ta) of the connecting airtight property of dielectric film, the anti-thermal diffusion layer that is made of tungsten refractory metals such as (W) that is used for suppressing golden thermal diffusion stack gradually between dielectric film and heating resistor layer being used for.
Figure 16 is with the block diagram of gasification installation 201 (or gasification installation 201A) with socket 301, modifier 303, carbon monoxide remover 304, fuel cell 105 and burner 306 expressions.
On radiating part 204, be connected with pump 302, and this pump 302 is connected on the socket 301.In this socket 301, liquid fuel (for example methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether) stores with admixture or difference individually with water, by pump 302 mixed liquor of liquid fuel and water is delivered in the radiating part 204.As pump 302, also can use syringe pump or electroosmotic pump (Electro-OsmoticPump).On discharge portion 209, be connected with modifier 303, will supply to the modifier 303 from the fuel of gasification installation 201 discharges and the mist of water.
Modifier 303 makes from the fuel of gasification installation 201 supplies and the mist generation catalytic reaction of water, generates hydrogen etc.In addition, in modifier 303, also generate the carbon monoxide of trace.In addition, the liquid fuel in being stored in socket 301 is under the situation of methyl alcohol, and such reaction shown in following formula (1), (2) takes place in modifier 303.
CH 3OH+H 2O→3H 2+CO 2 (1)
2CH 3OH+H 2O→5H 2+CO+CO 2 (2)
The mist of the product that is generated by modifier 303 is fed in the carbon monoxide remover 304, supplies air in the carbon monoxide remover 304 by air pump again.In carbon monoxide remover 304, by the carbon monoxide in the catalyst selection mist, thereby with the oxidation of carbon monoxide preferential ground, and hydrogen is not oxidized.
Fuel cell 105 possess the fuel electrodes 305a that supported catalyst particles, supported the air pole 305b of catalyst particles and be clipped in fuel electrodes 305a and air pole 305b between dielectric film 305c.For fuel electrodes 305a, supply with mist from carbon monoxide remover 304; For air pole 305b, by the air pump air supply.An electrode in fuel electrodes 305a and air pole 305b generates ion, and ion sees through dielectric film 305c, generates water at another electrode, produces electric power thus between fuel electrodes 305a and air pole 305b.In addition, be under the situation of dielectric film (for example solid polyelectrolyte membrane) of hydrogen ion permeability at dielectric film 305c, the such reaction of following formula (3) takes place at fuel electrodes 305a, the such reaction of following formula (4) takes place at air pole 305b.
H 2→2H ++2e - (3)
2H ++1/2O 2+2e -→H 2O (4)
The tail gas that is included in responseless remaining hydrogen of fuel electrodes 305a etc. is supplied in the burner 306, supply air in the burner 306 by air pump.In burner 306, airborne oxygen and unreacted hydrogen react by catalyst, produce the combustion heat.The combustion heat uses in the reaction of modifier 303 and carbon monoxide remover 304.
(embodiment 2)
Below, by enumerating embodiment and comparative example, the present invention is described more specifically.
In an embodiment, use the gasification installation 201 of Figure 12～as shown in Figure 14.Here, the condition of imbibition portion 202, radiating part 204, heat-conduction part 205 (one-body molded with discharge portion 209 and flange part 53), hot box 206 is as follows.
(a) imbibition portion 202: carborundum, diameter 1.5mm, length 10mm
(b) radiating part 204: aluminium (A1080), internal diameter 1.5mm, external diameter 2.5mm, length 15mm
(c) heat-conduction part 205: brass, on the length direction of imbibition portion 202 and length heating portion 207 superposed part are 2mm, internal diameter 1.5mm, external diameter 2.5mm
(d) the diameter 7mm of hot box 206:PEEK (polyether-ether-ketone), bottom
In comparative example, the radiating part 204 of gasification installation 201 is replaced with the elastic tube tubing of the silicone tube etc. of low-thermal conductivity.Other conditions are identical with embodiment.
In any of embodiment and comparative example, all the methanol aqueous solution with 60wt% is transported to radiating part 204 (being low thermal conductivity material tubing) by electroosmotic pump via flowmeter under the situation of comparative example, by the flow of flowmeter survey methanol aqueous solution, and by near the temperature the K type armoured thermocouple measurement absorption side end 202b.Here, while keep in embodiment and the comparative example supplying with methanol aqueous solution by heating portion 207 heated state.In Figure 17 as can be known, and then measure flow enlarge markedly before flow descend, temperature rises.This is because produce bubble absorbing side end 202b side, becomes steric hindrance and makes flow stagnation to imbibition portion 202, thereby temporarily make imbibition portion 202 overheated.And then, if this bubble enters into imbibition portion 202, then because the viscosity of bubble is lower, rise so temporarily cause flow, the liquid that flow in a large number in the imbibition portion 202 gasifies and bumping.
The result of comparative example is represented in Figure 17, the result of embodiment is represented in Figure 18.By Figure 17, Figure 18 as can be known, with regard near the temperature the absorption side end face of imbibition portion 202, compare with comparative example, embodiment is suppressed lowlyer.
Therefore, in comparative example, produce easily bigger pulsation (changes in flow rate is about 30 μ l/min) in the liquid of supplying with, the peak value of the flow of the liquid of supply has taken place about 3 times in during about 400 seconds.
With respect to this, in an embodiment, do not see the remarkable rising of temperature, be difficult in the liquid of supplying with, produce pulsation, the peak value of the flow of the liquid of supplying with only takes place once in during 780 seconds, has suppressed the interval (changes in flow rate is lower than 15 μ l/min) of bumping and the variation of flow.Like this, because almost routine without comparison such temporary transient flow that is caused by bubble reduces, the situation of bumping takes place so suppressed and then that liquid flow into suddenly in the imbibition portion 202.So as can be known, embodiment compares with comparative example, and the gas flow that flows and discharge from gasification installation 201 that supplies to the liquid in the gasification installation 201 is more stable.

Claims (24)

1, a kind of gasification installation wherein has with lower member:
The 1st imbibition portion, it absorbs the 1st liquid;
The 2nd imbibition portion, it absorbs the 2nd liquid;
Heater, it heats described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion, and with described the 1st liquid and the gasification of described the 2nd liquid.
2, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, is provided with the separating part of separating between described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion.
3, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described the 1st imbibition portion be arranged on described the 2nd imbibition portion around.
4, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, it is stacked along radial direction with one heart that described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion become, and separating part is installed between described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion.
5, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heater is arranged on the periphery of described the 1st imbibition portion.
6, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heater is arranged on an end side of described the 1st imbibition portion.
7, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, is provided with the space that an end of end of described the 1st imbibition portion and described the 2nd imbibition portion is communicated with.
8, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the boiling point of described the 1st liquid is than described the 2nd liquid height.
9, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, it is above and the other end of described the 1st imbibition portion is set at the boiling point that is lower than described the 1st liquid that described heater is heated to the boiling point of described the 1st liquid with an end of described the 1st imbibition portion, an end of described the 2nd imbibition portion is heated to more than the boiling point of described the 2nd liquid and the other end of described the 2nd imbibition portion is set at the boiling point that is lower than described the 2nd liquid.
10, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, possesses the discharge portion of an end that covers described the 1st imbibition portion.
11, gasification installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heater heats described the 2nd imbibition portion via described the 1st imbibition portion.
12, a kind of fuel cell that possesses the described gasification installation of claim 1.
13, a kind of gasification installation wherein has following member:
The 1st imbibition portion, it absorbs the 1st liquid, and the 1st liquid is gasified;
The 2nd imbibition portion, it absorbs the 2nd liquid, and the 2nd liquid is gasified;
Heater, it is arranged on the 1st imbibition portion side among described the 1st imbibition portion side and described the 2nd imbibition portion side.
14, a kind of gasification process of liquid, wherein, between a plurality of imbibition portion, clamp partition member, make an end of each imbibition portion absorb different liquid mutually, make the liquid that absorbs in each imbibition portion be penetrated into the other end, with the heating of the other end of each imbibition portion and with each liquid gasification.
15, gasification process as claimed in claim 14 wherein, becomes stacked along radial direction with one heart with described a plurality of imbibition portion, and clamps partition member between described a plurality of imbibition portion, and the periphery in the end that is in outermost imbibition portion is provided with heater.
16, gasification process as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described a plurality of imbibition portion is in the outside and absorbs the higher liquid of boiling point.
17, gasification process as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described a plurality of imbibition portion is stacked gradually and clamp partition member between described a plurality of imbibition portion along thickness direction, heater is set in the lower floor of the end that is in undermost imbibition portion or the upper strata of end that is in the imbibition portion of the superiors.
18, gasification process as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described a plurality of imbibition portion absorbs the higher liquid of boiling point along with approaching described heater.
19, a kind of gasification installation wherein has following member:
Hot box;
Imbibition portion, its absorption side end side that is used to absorb liquid is configured in outside the described hot box, and it is used for the liquid gasification that will absorb at described absorption side end and the discharge side end side of discharging be housed in the described hot box;
Heater, it is with the described discharge side end side heating of described imbibition portion.
20, gasification installation as claimed in claim 19 wherein, also possesses between described heater and described imbibition portion the heat of the described heater heat-conduction part to the conduction of described imbibition portion, and the described heat-conduction part of the thermal conductivity ratio of described hot box is low.
21, gasification installation as claimed in claim 19 wherein also possesses radiating part, this radiating part be configured to separate with described hot box and with described absorption side end side contacts, and the described imbibition of the thermal conductivity ratio of this radiating part portion height.
22, a kind of gasification installation wherein has following member:
Imbibition portion, it absorbs liquid from absorbing side end, and the liquid of absorption is permeated to discharging side end;
Heater, it is with the described discharge side end side heating of described imbibition portion;
Radiating part, it is configured to and described absorption side end side contacts, and the described imbibition of its thermal conductivity ratio portion height.
23, gasification installation as claimed in claim 22 wherein, also possesses between described heater and described imbibition portion the heat of the described heater heat-conduction part to the conduction of described imbibition portion.
24, gasification installation as claimed in claim 22, wherein, also possess with described radiator portion from and accommodate the hot box of the described discharge side end side of described imbibition portion.
CN200710085860XA 2006-02-21 2007-02-25 Vaporizer, fuel cell having vaporizer, and vaporizing method Expired - Fee Related CN101055089B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2006043708A JP5140931B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2006-02-21 Vaporizer, fuel cell equipped with vaporizer
JP043708/2006 2006-02-21
JP2006072227A JP4876648B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2006-03-16 Vaporizer
JP072227/2006 2006-03-16

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JP5564758B2 (en) * 2008-03-27 2014-08-06 カシオ計算機株式会社 Vaporizer and power generator
JP5266834B2 (en) * 2008-03-27 2013-08-21 カシオ計算機株式会社 Vaporizer and power generator
JP2010083684A (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-15 Casio Computer Co Ltd Vaporization apparatus and reaction apparatus
JP2012205970A (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-25 Chino Corp Evaporator
JP5778991B2 (en) * 2011-05-25 2015-09-16 アース製薬株式会社 Gas generator

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JP4599635B2 (en) * 1999-08-24 2010-12-15 株式会社Ｉｈｉ Evaporator
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KR20030077426A (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-01 마츠시타 덴끼 산교 가부시키가이샤 Hydrogen generation apparatus and fuel cell system having it
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