CN101053976A - Super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper and its preparation method - Google Patents
Super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a super abrasion composite ceramics scraper and the manufacturing method of the same. The super abrasion composite ceramics scraper comprises a metallic framework and a ceramics material layer which is directly composed onto the bond area of the metallic framework by adhesive. The metallic framework is divided into a main abrasionproof part and an accessory abrasionproof part, the bond area of the metallic framework is uniformly provided with metal anchoring nails and metal anchoring holes, the accessory abrasionproof part is provided with erection bolt holes. The manufacturing method comprises four steps of manufacturing metallic framework, manufacturing ceramics material, compositing and curing. In the present invention, the service life of the scraper is prolonged by 10~15 times, the fund consumption is reduced by 30%, the prime product is saved by more than 2000 tons, the consumption of common iron is more than 800 tons and the consumption of ceramics material is about 360 tons for each year, while the resource of ceramics material is abundant and the price is lower; the times for stopping and reconditioning is reduced by 10~15 times so as to improve the service efficiency of equipment, reduce labour intensity and save manpower; minus effect will not occur, so as to simplify the next procedure and to bring the further potential benefit for users.
Description
Technical field
The wear-resistant parts field of mechanical device such as the invention belongs to mixing, stir, mix, relate generally to a kind of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper and preparation method thereof, be particularly useful for industries such as refractory material, glass manufacturing, steam power plant, metallurgy, ore dressing, pottery, chemical industry.
Background technology
Wear resisting parts such as the scraper plate that uses on present mixer, the mixer, scraper in industries such as refractory material, glass manufacturing, steam power plant, metallurgy, ore dressing, pottery, chemical industry.Consume 20000 tons of wear-resisting steel of high-quality every year approximately, the consumption fund is roughly equal to 400,000,000 yuan of RMB, and wherein some will use foreign exchange from external import, and consumes resources and amount of funds are bigger, also consume simultaneously strategic materials such as a large amount of noble metals, do not met the strategy and policy of national economic development.Because the Rockwell hardness of such material can only reach about 50, service life is shorter, generally about 360 hours.And, in high-quality ferrous alloy materials such as wear-resisting steel plate, rich chromium cast iron, contain the precious metal that a large amount of manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium etc. belong to strategic materials.Therefore, use cost is higher, has also caused a large amount of wastings of resources simultaneously.In addition, the iron that weares and teares and other composition add in the material that mixes or stir, and generally all belong to harmful components, influence product quality, often need to carry out subsequent treatment, remove these objectionable impurities, further improve production cost, cause unnecessarily economic loss.
Ceramic material (as: Al
2O
3, SiC, SiO
2, B
4C, Si
3N
4, BN or the like) hardness all be higher than order of magnitude of steel, even near diamond, its anti-wear performance is ten to 20 times of high-quality steel.Because ceramic material has good physics, chemical property, be that the attritive powder that produces trace adds in the material of mixing, stirring, generally all become effective ingredient or do not participate in chemical reaction, there is not any negative effect; And the resource of ceramic material is very abundant, and cheap.But ceramic material fragility is stronger, can not bear bigger impact, be difficult to process, and, in the process of installing and fixing, be easy to chippingly, cause ceramic material to be restricted in the application in these fields.
The scraper that mechanical device such as mixes, stir, mix all belongs to wear-resistant, wear parts, in use, material is to the pressure and the relative displacement speed of scraper, each position differs greatly on scraper, the position wearing and tearing that pressure and relative displacement speed are bigger are more serious, and not too serious in the wearing and tearing of installation position.For scraper: the more serious position of wearing and tearing can be described as main wear-resistant position, the installation position can be described as auxilliary wear-resistant position.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper and preparation method thereof, make its superelevation anti-wear performance that possesses ceramic material, have the high strength and the high tenacity of steel again.
Purpose of the present invention can adopt following technical scheme to realize: described super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper comprises metallic framework and ceramic material layer, and ceramic material layer utilizes adhesive directly to be compounded on the faying face of metallic framework.For increasing the bond strength of ceramic material and metallic framework, faying face is provided with several metal anchor studs or anchoring hole.The corresponding branch that still has main wear-resistant position and auxilliary wear-resistant position with scraper of metallic framework is provided with the construction bolt hole at auxilliary wear-resistant position.
When the thickness of ceramic material layer is set to 8-40mm, the metal anchor studs is set on the faying face of metallic framework, highly is lower than the last plane of ceramic material layer.
When the ceramic material layer thickness is 3-15mm, the anchoring hole is set on the faying face of metallic framework.
The scope of intersecting at the above-mentioned material layer thickness can be provided with anchoring hole and anchor studs on the faying face at metallic framework simultaneously, or the anchoring hole is set separately or anchor studs is set separately.
Ceramic material layer is by ceramic particle aggregate, ceramic powders and adhesive or add the wear-resistant ceramic material that steel fibre or carbon fiber etc. are prepared.
The preparation method of described super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper is as follows:
The global design of a, super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper: according to the instructions for use of mixed/stirred equipment, the geometry and the size of design scraper, the thickness of reasonable distribution ceramic wearing coat makes integral body possess comparatively desirable abrasion resistance.The thickness setting of main wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is thicker, demonstrates fully the abrasion resistance of ceramic material, and thickness is between 8-40mm; The thickness setting of auxilliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is thinner, and the effect that can satisfy the protection construction bolt gets final product, and thickness is between 3-15mm.And design, make the compaction moulding mould according to this.
B, metallic framework are made: according to the physical dimension of mixed/stirred equipment instructions for use, adopt common iron to make the skeleton of scraper, to have enough mechanical strengths be design principle to satisfy installation position and scraper integral body: main wear-resistant position design is thinner, thickness is between 3-10mm, for the thickness of ceramic material layer stays enough spaces; Auxilliary wear-resistant position design is thicker, guarantees whole enough mechanical strengths that has, and thickness is between 6-25mm, and is less for the space that the ceramic material layer thickness stays, and is provided with the construction bolt hole.According to the size of main and auxiliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer thickness, be chosen in metal anchor studs or anchoring hole are set on the faying face.When the ceramic material layer thickness is set to 3-15mm, drill through several pittings for improving bond strength in this position employing, owing to have anchorage effect, so be called the anchoring hole, the diameter in its anchoring hole is 2-12mm, and the degree of depth is 2-12mm, every 2-60cm
2Drill through one; If when the thickness of ceramic material layer is set to 8-40mm, weld the short column that several are made by metal material at this position, owing to have anchorage effect, so be called the metal anchor studs, its diameter is 1-6mm, highly must be less than the thickness of ceramic material layer, and every 2-60cm
2Weld one; At last, the iron rust on faying face and anchor studs and the anchoring hole, greasy dirt etc. are thoroughly cleaned out got final product.
C, ceramic material: at first, according to the character of the material of institute's mixed/stirred, temperature, chemical environment etc., choose the kind of ceramic material and adhesive: ceramic material will be selected the material of its hardness more than or equal to material hardness for use, and material is not had the kind of paying face sound; Serviceability temperature is being selected organic bond for use below 300 ℃ and under acid, caustic corrosion environment, if high temperature is being selected inorganic bond for use below 500 ℃ and under the anacidity, caustic corrosion environment, the effect of adhesive is to increase bond strength between ceramic aggregate and the bond strength between ceramic material and metallic framework.
The selection of ceramic raw material: with the ceramic particle is aggregate, promptly main anti-friction material; With the ceramic powders is filler, and the have living space of filler aggregate is to increase packing and bulk strength.Ceramic aggregate is made up of other pottery section sand material of two to five kinds of levels, with bulky grain section sand is main aggregate, other small particles section sand is the fibula material, its consumption can be full of the intergranular space of a sand section respectively and be advisable, the particle diameter of the largest particles is less than the ceramic material layer thickness, the section sand of minimum grain size is 0-0.5mm, and the particle diameter of small particles section sand will be respectively less than 1/2nd of a last sand section particle diameter.The percentage by weight that bulky grain section sand accounts for total amount is 40-60%, and the percentage by weight that small particles section sand accounts for total amount is 20-55%.The ceramic powders granularity of choosing is the 100-300 order, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 5-20%.The percentage by weight that adds binder constitutes ceramic material total amount is 5-25%.If material particular diameter is bigger, and relative displacement speed can add the elongated rope that steel fibre or carbon fiber etc. can improve bulk strength when higher, and the percentage by weight that addition accounts for the ceramic material total amount is 2-15%.Above-mentioned raw materials is put into container in proportion carry out abundant mixing and stirring.
D, ceramic material are mutually compound with metallic framework: the metallic framework of making is put into mould, the ceramic material for preparing is paved on the faying face of metallic framework in right amount according to different-thickness, adopt forcing press compacting or the compacting of vibration ramming.Carry out the demoulding at last, take out finishing compound scraper.
E, curing: in strict accordance with the requirement of adhesive operation instructions, be cured finishing compound scraper, treat that adhesive solidifies fully after, promptly finish the manufacture process of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper.
Common iron has higher intensity and toughness, but anti-wear performance is relatively poor; And ceramic material has good anti-wear performance, but crisp rigid stronger, is not easy to use.Therefore, the present invention is an one with steel and Ceramic Composite, makes pluses and minuses separately obtain complementation, and both advantages are given full play of.The present invention adopts a spot of common iron to make metallic framework, is used to guarantee to have enough mechanical performances; Again ceramic material is compounded in position easy to wear, makes integral body have the superelevation anti-wear performance of ceramic material, and take into account steel favorable mechanical performance.Because, the physical property of steel and pottery differs greatly, what particularly the difference of hot expansibility was given two kinds of materials compoundly brings very big difficulty, if simply directly carry out both compound, natural layering will take place break away from or make ceramic layer cracked naturally even come off, the solution of this technical problem is crucial.The present invention is for solving a this difficult problem, adopts ceramic particle aggregate and ceramic powders with adhesive mutually compound with steel (just as concrete is paved the way).For guaranteeing in conjunction with solid and reliable, whole consistent, on the metallic framework of making of steel and face that ceramic material combines, weld several metal anchor studs or drill through several anchoring holes (being equivalent to lay on the ground the anchoring pile), this anchoring process is vital in recombination process.With varigrained ceramic particle, ceramic powders and adhesive (can add an amount of steel fibre and carbon fiber etc. in case of necessity), mix mutually can reach the ratio of highly dense solidity, and stir; Again metallic framework and the ceramic raw material for preparing are put into the mould compacting together, guarantee that ceramic raw material fully combines with the metallic framework faying face, and get rid of the gas in the ceramic raw material; Adhesive is fully solidified.
Metallic framework of the present invention adopts cheap common iron, and, at the consumption at serious wear position seldom, cheap ceramic material consumption is then more, therefore, are higher than high-quality ferrous alloy materials such as antiwear high manganese steel plate, rich chromium cast iron far away in Zheng Ti anti-wear performance and service life.By measuring under the same conditions, be 16 times of high manganese steel sheet all more than 5000 hours its service life, and the wear extent of metallic iron reduces 96.4% in the phase at the same time, has avoided the influence of metallic iron impurity to mixed material effectively.The scraper that demonstrates fully this programme manufacturing have long service life, cheap, economize on resources, do not have useful and harmless superior effects such as negative interaction.
After the present invention implements in full, prolong 10-15 doubly in the life-span of equal service condition lower coating blade/plate; Capital consumption reduces 30%; Save ton surplus the high-quality steel 20000, only consume about 360 tons of ton surplus the common iron 800, ceramic materials every year, and ceramic material aboundresources, cheap; Reduce and shut down maintenance 10-15 time, improve the equipment service efficiency, reduce labour intensity, save human resources; No negative interaction can be simplified subsequent technique, for the user brings further potential benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is described super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper structural representation.
Among the figure: 1, metallic framework, 2, faying face, 3, the welding position, 4, ceramic material layer, 5, the metal anchor studs, 6, the anchoring hole, 7, the construction bolt hole.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the invention are described.
Super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper of the present invention comprises metallic framework 1 and ceramic material layer 4, ceramic material layer 4 utilizes adhesive directly to be compounded on the faying face 2 of metallic framework 1, one end of metallic framework 1 is the installation position, the installation position is provided with construction bolt hole 7, and faying face 2 is provided with anchoring hole 6; At main wear-resistant position, be evenly equipped with metal anchor studs 5 on the faying face 2 of metallic framework 1, metal anchor studs 5 and metallic framework 1 weld fixing in 3 places in the welding position.The height of metal anchor studs 5 is lower than the last plane of ceramic material layer 4.
The preparation method embodiment of above-mentioned super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper is as follows:
Preparation method embodiment 1:
A, global design: according to instructions for use, the geometry and the size of design scraper are set to 25mm at the thickness of leading wear-resistant position ceramic material layer; The thickness of auxilliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is set to 6mm, and designs, makes the compaction moulding mould according to this.
B, metallic framework are made: according to the physical dimension of mixed/stirred equipment instructions for use, adopt common iron to make the skeleton of scraper, it is the 8mm steel plate that thickness is adopted at main wear-resistant position; Auxilliary wear-resistant position design thickness is 16mm, and is provided with two construction bolt holes.According to the size of main and auxiliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer thickness, be chosen in metal anchor studs or anchoring hole are set on the faying face.Drill through several anchoring holes at auxilliary wear-resistant position, the diameter in its anchoring hole is 8mm, and the degree of depth is 6mm, every approximately 10cm
2Drill through one; Weld several metal anchor studs at main wear-resistant position, the diameter of its anchor pile is 4mm, and the height of anchor studs is 20mm, every approximately 15cm
2Weld one; At last, the iron rust on faying face and anchor studs and the anchoring hole, greasy dirt etc. are thoroughly cleaned out got final product.
C, ceramic material: the material of mixed/stirred is SiO
2, under normal temperature and alkaline environment, to work, ceramic material selects for use its hardness greater than SiO
2The SiC material, and main component is Si material is not had negative effect; And select organic bond for use.
The selection of ceramic material granularity: with 3-5mm the section sand be main aggregate, the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 45%, with 1-2mm and 0-0.5mm the section sand be the fibula material, the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount respectively is 25% and 15%.The ceramic powders granularity of choosing is 200 orders, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 15%.The percentage by weight that adds binder constitutes ceramic material total amount is 15%.Above-mentioned raw materials is put into container in proportion carry out abundant mixing and stirring.
D, ceramic material are mutually compound with metallic framework: the metallic framework of making is put into mould, the ceramic material for preparing is paved on faying face 2 in right amount according to different-thickness; Adopt the forcing press compacting; Carry out the demoulding at last, take out finishing compound scraper.
E, curing: will finish compound scraper and put into the baker heating cure, temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 9 hours; Treat to come out of the stove after adhesive solidifies fully, finish whole manufacturing process.
Preparation method embodiment 2:
A, global design: according to instructions for use, the geometry and the size of design scraper are set to 30mm at the thickness of leading wear-resistant position ceramic material layer; The thickness of auxilliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is set to 12mm, and designs, makes the compaction moulding mould according to this.
B, metallic framework are made: according to the physical dimension of equipment instructions for use, adopt common iron to make the skeleton of scraper, it is the 8mm steel plate that thickness is adopted at its main wear-resistant position; Auxilliary wear-resistant position design thickness is 20mm, and is provided with four construction bolt holes.Weld several metal anchor studs at main wear-resistant position, the diameter of its anchor studs is 4mm, and the height of anchor pile is 25mm, every approximately 20cm
2Weld one; Still weld several metal anchor studs at auxilliary wear-resistant position, the diameter of its anchor studs is 4mm, and the height of anchor studs is 10mm, every approximately 15cm
2Weld one; At last, the iron rust on faying face and the anchor studs, greasy dirt etc. are thoroughly cleaned out got final product.
C, ceramic material: the material of mixed/stirred is the iron oxide breeze, works under 400 ℃ non-corrosiveness environment, and ceramic material is selected Al for use
2O
3Corundum material, and main component does not have negative effect to the material subsequent production; And select inorganic bond for use.
The selection of ceramic material granularity: the section sand with 8-10mm is main aggregate, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 40%, is the fibula material with 3-5mm, 1-2mm and three other sections of level of 0-0.5mm sand, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount respectively is 25%, 18 and 12%; The ceramic powders granularity of choosing is 200 orders, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 5%; The percentage by weight that adds binder constitutes ceramic material total amount is 16%; And to add the percentage by weight account for the ceramic material total amount be 10% steel fibre, above-mentioned raw materials put into container in proportion carry out abundant mixing and stirring.
D, ceramic material are mutually compound with metallic framework: the metallic framework of making is put into mould, the ceramic material for preparing is paved on faying face 2 in right amount according to different-thickness; Adopt vibration compaction; Carry out the demoulding at last, take out finishing compound scraper.
E, curing: will finish compound scraper and put into the baker heating cure, temperature is 280 ℃, and the time is 6 hours; Treat to come out of the stove after adhesive solidifies fully, finish whole manufacturing process.
Preparation method embodiment 3:
A, global design: according to instructions for use, the geometry and the size of design scraper are set to 15mm at the thickness of leading wear-resistant position ceramic material layer; The thickness of auxilliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is set to 6mm, and designs, makes the compaction moulding mould according to this.
B, metallic framework are made: according to the physical dimension of equipment instructions for use, adopt common iron to make the skeleton of scraper, it is the 5mm steel plate that thickness is adopted at its main wear-resistant position; Auxilliary wear-resistant position design thickness is 16mm, and is provided with two construction bolt holes.Weld several metal anchor studs at main wear-resistant position, the diameter of its anchor studs is 3mm, and the height of anchor studs is 13mm, every approximately 8cm
2Weld one; Drill through several anchoring holes at auxilliary wear-resistant position, the diameter in its anchoring hole is 6mm, and the degree of depth is 6mm, every approximately 10cm
2Drill through one; At last, the iron rust on faying face and anchor studs and the anchoring hole, greasy dirt etc. are thoroughly cleaned out got final product.
C, ceramic material: the material of mixed/stirred is the SiC powder, works under normal temperature non-corrosiveness environment, and ceramic material is still selected the SiC material for use, and main component does not have negative effect to the material subsequent production; And select organic bond for use.
The selection of ceramic material granularity: the section sand with 3-5mm is main aggregate, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 50%, is the fibula material with 1-2mm and two other sections of level of 0-0.5mm sand, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount respectively is 25 and 10%; The ceramic powders granularity of choosing is 200 orders, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 15%; The percentage by weight that adds binder constitutes ceramic material total amount is 15%; Above-mentioned raw materials is put into container in proportion carry out abundant mixing and stirring.
D, ceramic material are mutually compound with metallic framework: the metallic framework of making is put into mould, the ceramic material for preparing is paved on faying face 2 in right amount according to different-thickness; Adopt vibration compaction; Carry out the demoulding at last, take out finishing compound scraper.
E, curing: will finish compound scraper and be placed on curing under the normal temperature, the time is 24 hours; Treat to come out of the stove after adhesive solidifies fully, finish whole manufacturing process.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper, it is characterized in that: it comprises metallic framework (1) and ceramic material layer (4), ceramic material layer (4) utilizes adhesive directly to be compounded on the faying face (2) of metallic framework (1), metallic framework (1) is gone up and is divided main wear-resistant position and auxilliary wear-resistant position, on the faying face (2) at main and auxiliary wear-resistant position, difference according to this position ceramic material layer (4) thickness is evenly equipped with metal anchor studs (5) or anchoring hole (6), and auxilliary wear-resistant position is provided with construction bolt hole (7).
2, super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the thickness of ceramic material layer (4) is set to 8-40mm, on the faying face (2) of metallic framework (1), metal anchor studs (5) is set, highly is lower than the last plane of ceramic material layer (4).
3, super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when ceramic material layer (4) thickness is 3-15mm, anchoring hole (6) is set on the faying face (2) of metallic framework (1).
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described super-antiwear composite ceramic scrapers, it is characterized in that: anchoring hole and anchor studs are set on the faying face of metallic framework simultaneously, or the anchoring hole are set separately or anchor studs is set separately.
5, super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ceramic material layer (4) is by ceramic particle aggregate, ceramic powders and adhesive or adds the wear-resistant ceramic material of steel fibre, carbon fiber preparation.
6, a kind of preparation method of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The global design of a, super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper: according to the instructions for use of mixed/stirred equipment, the geometry and the size of design scraper.The thickness setting of main wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is thicker, and thickness is between 8-40mm; The thickness setting of auxilliary wear-resistant position ceramic material layer is thinner, and thickness is between 3-15mm.And design, make the compaction moulding mould according to this;
B, metallic framework are made: according to the physical dimension of mixed/stirred equipment instructions for use, adopt common iron to make the skeleton of scraper, main wear-resistant position thickness is assisted wear-resistant position thickness between 6-25mm, and is provided with the construction bolt hole between 3-10mm; When the ceramic material layer thickness is set to 3-15mm, drill through several anchorings holes in this position employing, the diameter in its anchoring hole is 2-12mm, and the degree of depth is 2-12mm, every 2-60cm
2Drill through one; If when the thickness of ceramic material layer is set to 8-40mm, weld several metal anchor studs at this position, its diameter is 1-6mm, highly must be less than the thickness of ceramic material layer, and every 2-60cm
2Weld one; At last, the iron rust on faying face and anchor studs and the anchoring hole, greasy dirt etc. are thoroughly cleaned out got final product;
C, ceramic material: according to the character of the material of institute's mixed/stirred, temperature, chemical environment etc., choose the kind of ceramic material and adhesive: ceramic material will be selected the material of its hardness more than or equal to material hardness for use, and material is not had the kind of paying face sound; Serviceability temperature is being below 300 ℃ and in acid, selecting organic bond for use under the caustic corrosion environment, if high temperature is being selected inorganic bond for use below 500 ℃ and under the anacidity, caustic corrosion environment;
The selection of ceramic raw material: with the ceramic particle is aggregate, is filler with the ceramic powders.Ceramic aggregate is made up of other pottery section sand material of two to five kinds of levels, with bulky grain section sand is main aggregate, other small particles section sand is the fibula material, its consumption can be full of the intergranular space of a sand section respectively and be advisable, the particle diameter of the largest particles is less than the ceramic material layer thickness, the section sand of minimum grain size is 0-0.5mm, and the particle diameter of small particles section sand will be respectively less than 1/2nd of a last sand section particle diameter; The percentage by weight that bulky grain section sand accounts for total amount is 40-60%, and the percentage by weight that small particles section sand accounts for total amount is 20-55%; The ceramic powders granularity of choosing is the 100-300 order, and the percentage by weight that accounts for total amount is 5-20%; The percentage by weight that adds binder constitutes ceramic material total amount is 5-25%; If material particular diameter is bigger, and relative displacement speed can add the elongated rope that steel fibre or carbon fiber etc. can improve bulk strength when higher, and the percentage by weight that addition accounts for the ceramic material total amount is 2-15%; Above-mentioned raw materials is put into container in proportion carry out abundant mixing and stirring;
D, ceramic material are mutually compound with metallic framework: the metallic framework of making is put into mould, the ceramic material for preparing is paved on the faying face of metallic framework in right amount according to different-thickness, adopt forcing press compacting or the compacting of vibration ramming.Carry out the demoulding at last, take out finishing compound scraper;
E, curing: in strict accordance with the requirement of adhesive operation instructions, be cured finishing compound scraper, treat that adhesive solidifies fully after, promptly finish the manufacture process of super-antiwear composite ceramic scraper.
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