CN101050898A - Refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator - Google Patents

Refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101050898A
CN101050898A CN 200710040463 CN200710040463A CN101050898A CN 101050898 A CN101050898 A CN 101050898A CN 200710040463 CN200710040463 CN 200710040463 CN 200710040463 A CN200710040463 A CN 200710040463A CN 101050898 A CN101050898 A CN 101050898A
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China
Prior art keywords
producing medium
cold
refrigerant
aperture
distributor
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CN 200710040463
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100451495C (en
Inventor
王文
段永红
杨丽
白云飞
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Ebara Refrigeration Equipment and Systems China Co Ltd
Original Assignee
RENYUAN AIR CONDITIONER EQUIPMENT CO Ltd YANTAI CITY
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Application filed by RENYUAN AIR CONDITIONER EQUIPMENT CO Ltd YANTAI CITY, Shanghai Jiaotong University filed Critical RENYUAN AIR CONDITIONER EQUIPMENT CO Ltd YANTAI CITY
Priority to CNB2007100404630A priority Critical patent/CN100451495C/en
Publication of CN101050898A publication Critical patent/CN101050898A/en
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Abstract

A distributor enabling to distribute refrigerant uniformly on evaporator of compression-refrigeration falling film type is prepared for dividing refrigerant longitudinal tensile distribution tube to be top and bottom two-layer runner, using one row of holes on orifice plate to connect top and bottom two-layer runner, setting one row of holes at bottom surface of refrigerant horizontal distribution capillary tube, setting porous material layer under said distribution tube and said capillary tube setting steel plate mesh under porous material layer and porous plate under steel plate mesh then arranging a flow-guide silk screen under porous plate.

Description

The refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of refrigerant distributor of refrigeration technology field, specifically is a kind of refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator.
Background technology
In big-and-middle-sized refrigerating capacity scope, the main refrigeration unit of using is screw and centrifugal two kinds of types.Evaporimeter is the main heat-exchange apparatus in the refrigeration system, and whether the selection of evaporimeter is proper, is directly connected to the refrigeration of whole refrigerating plant, is directly connected to the energy consumption of operation.In centrifugal and screw-type water chiller, the form of evaporimeter mainly contains three kinds: flooded evaporator, dry evaporator and downward film evaporator.Wherein, the horizontal tube downward film evaporator has been used to refrigeration, chemical industry, Petroleum refining, industry such as desalinization.In the Refrigeration ﹠ Air-Conditioning industry, full-liquid type evaporation relatively, falling film type evaporation has a clear superiority in: 1) heat transfer coefficient height.Allow the evaporating temperature appropriateness to increase, improve cycle efficieny, can also reduce evaporator size; 2) refrigerant charge reduces.This cost that can reduce refrigeration plant with reduce and leak relevant risk, comprise the maintenance cost of following, and risk reduces the permission system to the appropriate reduction of poisonous or flammable requirements of working medium; 3) lubricating oil sinks to base of evaporator with lower amount of refrigerant, makes oil return more effectively easy; 4) eliminate the intrafascicular low pipe row's of immersion tube hydrostatic head, and may reduce the temperature difference between tube-surface and the cold-producing medium.More than these advantages reduced the material cost and the maintenance cost of unit.Downward film evaporator also has its inferior position simultaneously: the requirement to cold-producing medium uniform distribution on horizontal heat-transfer pipe is very high, and responsive more to the charging amount of cold-producing medium, wherein, the homogeneity question that cold-producing medium distributes is particularly important.
If two phase refrigerant is not uniformly distributed on the interior heating surface bank of refrigeration system falling film evaporator at first, that is the cold-producing medium undersupply of another part tube bank with regard to having caused to a part tube bank oversupply cold-producing medium easily, therefore, the efficient that is positioned at the heat transfer efficiency of falling film evaporator and vapor compression refrigeration system as a whole can descend.In addition, in the tube bank of cold-producing medium undersupply part interruption to the vital liquid refrigeration agent film of diabatic process may take place.The existence in local desiccation zone during this interruption can cause restraining, promptly so-called " drying up " exists, and can reduce the whole heat transfer property of downward film evaporator.
The key of falling film type evaporation is on the top of evaporimeter suitable distributor to be set.Most of employing is the refrigerant distributing system of drive nozzle formula in falling film evaporator, the cold-producing medium that nozzle gets off causes splash phenomena easily, and the gaseous refrigerant that the operative liquid cold-producing medium that gets off of nozzle is evaporated up easily brings to the compressor suction side, and is difficult for and the inner tube bank of evaporimeter is done heat exchange and accumulated in the shell-side bottom with regard to bypass.
Find through literature search prior art, the patent US 6 of U.S. Trane air-conditioning register of company, 293,11B1 is the refrigerant distributor of five layers of perforated panel structure, do the distribution of gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium from top to bottom, the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium carries out the first time and distributes between ground floor and second layer perforated panel, second laminate will carry out throttling to the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium, the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium separates with the rear section through throttling, and spray again to the 3rd layer of perforated panel, the 3rd layer of similar diamond shaped of orifice plate shape can be with the further uniform distribution spray of gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium to the 4th layer of perforated panel, and the 3rd layer of perforated panel has the effect of spray gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium.Between the 4th layer of perforated panel and layer 5 perforated panel, leave segment space, but feed flow attitude cold-producing medium spray to efficient heat exchanger tube surface in the mode of gravity spray, be beneficial to conduct heat.But, this dispenser designs complex structure, the difficulty of processing height, cost is higher, and does not reach the original intention that fully reduces refrigerant charge, and this may be relevant with the design of distributor, and the distributor that also needs to continue downward film evaporator improves.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator is provided.Make its not only assignment system cryogen uniformly, and can reduce the charging amount of cold-producing medium, and need not gas-liquid separator, reduced amount of parts, reduced the unit cost.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and refrigerant distributor of the present invention comprises: refrigerant inlet, cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe, cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary, porous material layer, expanded metal lath, porous plate, water conservancy diversion silk screen.Described refrigerant inlet flows into distributor for two-phase refrigerant mixture, and it is communicated with the interior described lower floor runner of described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe; Described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe is divided into two-layer runner up and down by the distributing pore plate of a level at height and position place in the middle of it, they are communicated with by the round mouth on the described distributing pore plate, two-phase refrigerant mixture in the described lower floor runner flows to later in the runner of described upper strata by the first assignment of traffic of a round mouth on the described distributing pore plate, described cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary be positioned at described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe runner side, described upper strata both sides and be communicated with it, and be provided with row's aperture every described cold-producing medium transverse distribution bottom surface capillaceous, they carry out gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic first to two-phase refrigerant mixture, and can cold-producing medium from make before distributor is sent described cold-producing medium inner skeleton below the distributor whole heating surface bank length and flow transverse to its whole width; Described porous material layer is used for two phase refrigerant is carried out gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic once more, and described porous material layer is below described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe and cold-producing medium transverse distribution are capillaceous; Described expanded metal lath is arranged on described porous material layer below it is played fixation; Described porous plate, gas-liquid separation for the third time and assignment of traffic are carried out to cold-producing medium in the below that is arranged on described drawn steel expanded metals, each biographies heat pipe of the basic vertical alignment evaporimeter in each aperture on the porous plate; One water conservancy diversion silk screen is arranged below described porous plate, the liquid refrigerant after the gas-liquid separation is directed on each biographies heat pipe of evaporimeter of basic vertical alignment.
The refrigerant distributor that the present invention is above-mentioned can be divided into three grades of dispenser: the one-level dispenser of being made up of cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe and cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary; The secondary distribution portion that forms by porous material layer; Three grades of dispenser being made up of porous plate in addition, also have one deck liquid towards cold-producing medium to play the water conservancy diversion silk screen of guide functions below described porous plate, wherein:
Described one-level dispenser can be accepted the described two-phase refrigerant mixture that comes from described inlet, and described refrigerant mixture is flowed within it along the axial and horizontal both direction with respect to heating surface bank;
Described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe has a plurality of horizontal capillary branched bottoms, the cross-sectional area of described each capillary branched bottom equates, spacing between the described branched bottom equates, and, be equipped with row's aperture in the bottom surface of described each capillary branched bottom, the size of these apertures equates, spacing between the described aperture also equates, can simplify the process of distributor like this, the cold-producing medium that flows in described one-level dispenser flows out from described aperture, and reduces the kinetic energy of described cold-producing medium;
Speed when flowing through each capillary branched bottom inlet when the cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe of described one-level distributor flows described two-phase refrigerant mixture within it equates;
The flow through pressure drop ratio of described one-level dispenser of described two-phase refrigerant mixture is lower, therefore, has reduced the flash distillation of liquid refrigerant part in described distributor in the described refrigerant mixture;
Described secondary distribution portion is a porous material layer, and available silk screen forms, and is used to accept the described two-phase refrigerant mixture that comes from described one-level dispenser, and it is carried out gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic;
Described three grades of dispenser are porous plate, can accept the described two-phase refrigerant mixture that comes from described secondary distribution portion, and reduced its kinetic energy before the liquid refrigerant of described refrigerant mixture partly is deposited on the heat-transfer pipe of evaporator bundle.The length of described porous plate and width equate with the axial length and the transverse width of heat-transfer pipe of evaporator basically.Described porous plate has makes its a lot of apertures that can therefrom flow out of cold-producing medium mat, the size in described aperture and quantity keep in certain scope when guaranteeing that described cold-producing medium flows through the aperture of three grades of dispenser can not causing the generation of backflow simultaneously within it to further gas-liquid separation of cold-producing medium and assignment of traffic;
The water conservancy diversion silk screen of the last one deck of described distributor places the below of described three grades of dispenser, and with the aperture vertical alignment of described porous plate, the described cold-producing medium that flows out from described aperture directly is directed on the heating surface bank below it.
The present invention no longer needs independent gas-liquid separation device or method, two-phase refrigerant mixture can be dispensed to uniformly in the evaporimeter on the heating surface bank with described refrigerant distributor, therefore, it can reduce the charging amount of cold-producing medium and relevant amount of parts, has reduced the unit cost and can improve the oil return situation of compressor in the refrigeration unit; Refrigerant distributor of the present invention can come uniform distribution with the whole length of the heating surface bank of cold-producing medium in the evaporimeter and transverse to its width; The present invention can farthest reduce because of distribute that operation caused, distribute the pressure decline phenomenon in the described cold-producing medium, promptly reduced the flass of the liquid refrigerant part of described two-phase refrigerant mixture; The present invention makes described cold-producing medium keep the dripping type state before distributor flows out on the heating surface bank, can reduce liquid refrigerant like this and splash and leave each pipe in the tube bank top.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is a Facad structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 1 b is that schematic cross-section is looked on the left side of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 a is the vertical distributing pipe and the cross directional stretch capillary schematic diagram of the distributor among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 b is cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary among Fig. 2 a and the aperture schematic diagram on the bottom surface thereof;
Fig. 3 is the orifice plate schematic diagram in the vertical distributing pipe of the distributor among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 4 is vertical distributing pipe and the transverse distribution capillary three-dimensional effect diagram among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of porous plate among Fig. 1 a;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As Fig. 1 a, shown in Fig. 1 b, there is shown the schematic diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described distributor is by numeral 1 total expressing.Described distributor comprises: refrigerant inlet 2, cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe 3, cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary 4, porous material layer (employing silk screen) 5, drawn steel expanded metals 7, porous plate 8, water conservancy diversion silk screen 9, except that above-mentioned parts, also comprise upper sealing plate 10 and demister 11.
In lower floor's runner 17 in the cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipes 3 that at first flowed in the described distributor 1 by distributor inlet 2 through the later two-phase refrigerant mixture of expansion gear throttling in vapor compression refrigeration system, mobile described two-phase refrigerant mixture flows to later in the upper strata runner 16 in described vertical distributing pipe 3 by the 15 first assignment of traffic of the aperture on the horizontal distributing pore plate 14 at medium height position place in described vertical distributing pipe in described lower floor runner 17.Longitudinal stretching effect by the vertical distributing pipe 3 of cold-producing medium, the described two-phase refrigerant mixture that flows in described upper strata runner 16 is assigned to the axial length direction of heating surface bank and flows in described distributor, simultaneously, cold-producing mediums in the upper strata runner 16 in the vertical distributing pipe of described distributor 3 have flow in the transverse distribution capillary 4 of each branch of runner 16 sides, described upper strata, rely on the longitudinal stretching effect of cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe 3 and the cross directional stretch effect of cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary 4, two-phase refrigerant mixture made two-phase refrigerant mixture flow in inner skeleton transverse to the axial length and the transverse width on described tube bank top before the aperture 12 on the bottom surface of cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary 4 is sent into secondary distribution portion silk screen 5, cold-producing medium flows to later on the silk screen 5 below it through the gas-liquid separation of the aperture 12 on the cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary bottom surface shown in Fig. 2 b and assignment of traffic, the two-phase refrigerant mixture that silk screen 5 is by convection into above it is carried out gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic once more, then, porous plate 8 is accepted the cold-producing medium that square from it silk screen 5 flows down, gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic are carried out to cold-producing medium again in aperture 13 on the porous plate 8,13 the exit in the aperture, cold-producing medium has reached lower flowing velocity, at last, the water conservancy diversion silk screen 9 of 13 belows, aperture directs into liquid refrigerant in the tube bank of below of vertical alignment basic with it.
As Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, they show vertical distributing pipe and the transverse distribution schematic diagram capillaceous and the three-dimensional effect diagram of distributor of the present invention.Cold-producing medium inflow above the one-level dispenser, this one-level dispenser structure has been placed on longitudinal stretching and the cross directional stretch distribution to two-phase refrigerant mixture with in one deck, saved the space in the evaporator shell, simultaneously, cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary 4 wherein places the centre position of runner side, the upper strata height of cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe 3, its caliber can be adjusted according to the different of operating condition with spacing, and the aperture of the row's aperture 12 on every cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary 4 bottom surface also can be adjusted according to operating mode and the different of condition with pitch of holes.
As shown in Figure 5, the aperture 13 that a lot of rows are arranged on the porous plate 8, the aperture in its aperture 13 keeps certain size so that cold-producing medium was carried out last gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic before flowing out distributor, because if the aperture in aperture 13 is too big, will be to the gas-liquid separation of cold-producing medium inoperative or cause the generation of backflow, otherwise, if the aperture in aperture 13 is too little, cold-producing medium will cause bigger pressure drop when flowing through this aperture, increase the flash distillation of liquid refrigerant, even can block flowing of cold-producing medium.Simultaneously, the quantity in the aperture 13 on the porous plate 8 is many as far as possible, with the uniformity of guaranteeing that cold-producing medium distributes.

Claims (8)

1. the refrigerant uniform distributor of a compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator is characterized in that, comprising: refrigerant inlet, cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe, cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary, porous material layer, expanded metal lath, porous plate, water conservancy diversion silk screen; Described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe is divided into two-layer runner up and down by the distributing pore plate of a level at height and position place in the middle of it, described two-layer runner up and down is communicated with by the round mouth on the described distributing pore plate, described two-phase refrigerant mixture in the described lower floor runner flows to later in the runner of described upper strata by the first assignment of traffic of a round mouth on the described distributing pore plate, described cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary be positioned at described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe runner side, described upper strata both sides and be communicated with it, and be provided with row's aperture every described cold-producing medium transverse distribution bottom surface capillaceous; Described lower floor runner in described refrigerant inlet and the described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe is communicated with; Described porous material layer is below described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe and cold-producing medium transverse distribution are capillaceous, described expanded metal lath is arranged on described porous material layer below, described porous plate is arranged on the below of described expanded metal lath, and a water conservancy diversion silk screen is arranged below described porous plate.
2. the refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cold-producing medium transverse distribution bottom surface capillaceous is provided with row's aperture, they carry out gas-liquid separation and assignment of traffic first to two-phase refrigerant mixture, and cold-producing medium from make before distributor is sent described cold-producing medium inner skeleton below the distributor whole heating surface bank length and flow transverse to its whole width.
3. the refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cold-producing medium longitudinal stretching distributing pipe has a plurality of horizontal capillary branched bottoms, and the described two phase refrigerant in the runner of described upper strata flows to described cold-producing medium transverse distribution capillary by the longitudinal stretching effect of vertical distributing pipe.
4. the refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the cross-sectional area of described each capillary branched bottom equates that the spacing between the described capillary branched bottom equates.
5. as the refrigerant uniform distributor of claim 1 or 3 or 4 described compression refrigeration falling-film evaporators, it is characterized in that, be provided with row's aperture on the bottom surface of described each capillary branched bottom, the size of these apertures equates that the spacing between the described aperture also equates.
6. the refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described porous plate length and width equate with the axial length and the transverse width of heat-transfer pipe of evaporator.
7. as the refrigerant uniform distributor of claim 1 or 6 described compression refrigeration falling-film evaporators, it is characterized in that each biographies heat pipe of each the aperture vertical alignment evaporimeter on the described porous plate; When guaranteeing that described cold-producing medium flows through the aperture of three grades of dispenser, the size in described aperture and quantity, can not cause the generation of backflow simultaneously within it to further gas-liquid separation of cold-producing medium and assignment of traffic.
8. the refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the aperture vertical alignment of described water conservancy diversion silk screen and described porous plate directly is directed on each biographies heat pipe of evaporimeter of vertical alignment the described cold-producing medium that flows out from described aperture.
CNB2007100404630A 2007-05-10 2007-05-10 Refrigerant uniform distributor of compression refrigeration falling-film evaporator Expired - Fee Related CN100451495C (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103673412A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-26 上海热泰能源技术有限公司 Double-level falling film evaporator
CN108779968A (en) * 2016-03-07 2018-11-09 大金应用美国股份有限公司 Heat exchanger
CN109586494A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-05 丹阳荣嘉精密机械有限公司 A kind of motor casing that spiral cooling system is embedding
CN110168302A (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-08-23 法雷奥热系统公司 For distributing the device of refrigerant in the pipe of heat exchanger for constituting refrigerant circuit

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2159251Y (en) * 1993-06-14 1994-03-23 徐尧润 Liquid distributor with equalizing plate
CA2260157C (en) * 1996-07-19 2003-03-18 Steve S. Dingle Evaporator refrigerant distributor
TW579420B (en) * 1999-02-16 2004-03-11 Carrier Corp Heat exchanger including falling-film evaporator and refrigerant distribution system
US6167713B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2001-01-02 American Standard Inc. Falling film evaporator having two-phase distribution system
CN1086594C (en) * 1999-06-28 2002-06-26 华南理工大学 Film forming device utilizing vacuum evaporation of high-concentration material liquid
JP2005207621A (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-08-04 Yazaki Corp Dropping device
CN2743696Y (en) * 2004-12-13 2005-11-30 上海九州医药成套设备厂 Liquid distributor for falling film type tubulation evaporator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103673412A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-26 上海热泰能源技术有限公司 Double-level falling film evaporator
CN108779968A (en) * 2016-03-07 2018-11-09 大金应用美国股份有限公司 Heat exchanger
CN108779968B (en) * 2016-03-07 2021-03-12 大金应用美国股份有限公司 Heat exchanger
CN110168302A (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-08-23 法雷奥热系统公司 For distributing the device of refrigerant in the pipe of heat exchanger for constituting refrigerant circuit
CN109586494A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-05 丹阳荣嘉精密机械有限公司 A kind of motor casing that spiral cooling system is embedding

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Address after: 200240 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, No. 800, No.

Co-patentee after: Ebara (Chinese) Co. Ltd and cooling system

Patentee after: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Address before: 200240 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, No. 800, No.

Co-patentee before: Renyuan Air Conditioner Equipment Co., Ltd., Yantai City

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