CN101044038B - 汽车中的纵向动力控制系统 - Google Patents

汽车中的纵向动力控制系统 Download PDF

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CN101044038B
CN101044038B CN2005800360398A CN200580036039A CN101044038B CN 101044038 B CN101044038 B CN 101044038B CN 2005800360398 A CN2005800360398 A CN 2005800360398A CN 200580036039 A CN200580036039 A CN 200580036039A CN 101044038 B CN101044038 B CN 101044038B
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wheel torque
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car speed
control system
torque curve
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CN101044038A (zh
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彼德·沃纳
安得烈亚斯·普法伊费尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K31/00Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator
    • B60K31/02Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator including electrically actuated servomechanism including an electric control system or a servomechanism in which the vehicle velocity affecting element is actuated electrically
    • B60K31/04Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator including electrically actuated servomechanism including an electric control system or a servomechanism in which the vehicle velocity affecting element is actuated electrically and means for comparing one electrical quantity, e.g. voltage, pulse, waveform, flux, or the like, with another quantity of a like kind, which comparison means is involved in the development of an electrical signal which is fed into the controlling means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/1819Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/10Change speed gearings
    • B60W2510/105Output torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10Longitudinal speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/30Wheel torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/105Output torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/30Wheel torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

在本发明的汽车中用于从实际汽车速度出发设置新的额定汽车速度的纵向动力控制系统中,设置用于确定为达到额定汽车速度而预定的额定轮矩曲线的功能模块,该额定轮矩曲线至少在主要段中与汽车速度的倒数成比例地被预先给定,并被输出到用于实现额定轮矩曲线的可能调节系统。

Description

汽车中的纵向动力控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车中的纵向动力控制系统。
背景技术
在具有尤其用于纵向动力控制的驾驶辅助系统的汽车中,已经公知用于操纵驱动系统和/或车轮制动系统以实现额定汽车速度的方法,其中纵向动力控制用于将预定的速度或与前面行驶的汽车之间的预定距离保持为恒定。该操纵附加地通过输出额定车轮转矩(或额定合计车轮转矩或者牵引力)来进行。对于关于例如可以作为要求从驾驶辅助系统输出到驱动系统的额定车轮转矩(或期望牵引力)的可能实现(Umsetzung)的技术背景,参照DE10117162A1。驱动系统通常由电子控制的发动机(例如内燃机)以及同样也可电子控制的变速器组成。因此,由驱动系统产生的车轮转矩(合计车轮转矩)的分量在特定变速器速比下通过发动机或内燃机力矩给出。
目前实现的驾驶辅助系统、例如ACC(自适应巡航控制)或者任意结构的速度控制器(Tempomat)为内燃机的控制设备和/或自动变速器的控制设备预定其对于接合力矩额定预定值的期望。为此,关于行驶阻力和传动链中当前传动比(当前档位和传动轴差动的传动比)的知识是必需的。上述作用链(Wirkkette):驾驶辅助系统-额定预定值方向内燃机、通过内燃机的预定值的实现以及变速器对该实现的反应具有不同的效果,这些效果导致以下缺点:
-变速器的反应时间长。反接(Rueckschaltung)通常在其不再必要时才出现。
-不必要的线路,即在特定情况下出现不必要的反接,因为当前可获得的发动机力矩已经足够。
-摆动连接(Pendelschaltung),即在短时间内频繁的反接和按序连接(Hochschaltung)。这尤其可能出现在平面与爬坡或下坡之间的过渡处。
所述效果使驾驶者感觉不舒服,因为这些效果是不期望的;因为换挡与在没有驾驶辅助系统的情况下所执行的换挡不同。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高舒适度和调节速度的纵向动力控制系统。
按照本发明,该技术问题通过根据本发明的一种汽车中的纵向动力控制系统解决。
在本发明的汽车中用于从实际汽车速度出发设置新的额定汽车速度的纵向动力控制系统中,设置用于确定为达到额定汽车速度而预定的额定车轮转矩曲线的功能模块,其中额定车轮转矩曲线至少在主要段中与汽车速度的倒数成比例(参照牵引力双曲线)地预先给定,并被输出到用于实现额定车轮转矩曲线的可能调节系统(例如驱动系统和/或制动系统)。由此,纵向动力控制的额定预定值例如与受牵引力控制的驱动系统-如在DE10117162A1中所描述的-相匹配。
此外,功能模块优选地这样构造,使得至少在最大可能额定车轮转矩曲线和为保持额定汽车速度恒定所必需的车轮转矩(Radmoment)之间选择额定车轮转矩曲线的主要段。
额定车轮转矩曲线可以包括起始段、主要段和结束段,其中起始段和结束段是具有有限梯度的过渡段。
额定车轮转矩曲线的起始点是对于保持实际汽车速度恒定所必需的车轮转矩,优选在考虑干扰力或行驶阻力的情况下。额定车轮转矩曲线的终点是对于保持额定汽车速度恒定所必需的车轮转矩,同样优选在考虑干扰力或行驶阻力的情况下。
本发明基于以下认识:
通过将纵向动力控制系统(驾驶辅助系统)和驱动系统(包括任意发动机(例如内燃机、氢驱动装置、电动机等)以及必要时的自动变速器(或自动的手动变速器))之间的接口转向车轮转矩,驱动系统可以事先确定,由档位预定值和接合力矩预定值的什么组合最佳地实现瞬时车轮转矩预定值。利用到驱动系统的受牵引力控制或车轮转矩控制的接口,驾驶辅助系统与汽车速度的倒数成比例地或对应于由DE10117162A1所公开的牵引力双曲线地产生以车轮转矩或额定车轮转矩曲线形式的额定预定值。本发明的功能模块例如可以被集成在对应于纵向动力控制系统的电子控制设备中,该电子控制设备例如与发动机控制设备和/或变速器控制设备通信。但是,这里所述的控制设备中的功能模块的整体也可以被包括在单一中央控制设备或中央计算机中。在这种情况下,功能模块相互通信。
附图说明
在本发明的实施例中示出用于解释本发明的其它细节。其中
图1示出可能的汽车系统连接,其中设置有本发明的功能模块,
图2示出用于详细解释本发明功能模块的工作方式的示图。
具体实施方式
图1示出可能的汽车系统连接,包括驱动系统1、制动系统2和用于纵向动力控制的驾驶辅助系统3。系统1至3例如分别具有通常通过数据总线系统相互连接的电子控制设备。本发明的功能模块例如集成在驾驶辅助系统3的控制设备中。
在本实施例中,为了达到预定的更高额定汽车速度vsoll,驾驶辅助系统3应当确定为此所需要的额定车轮转矩Mrad_soll_gesamt,其中该额定车轮转矩应当以期望的牵引力的形式作用于主动轮R。
额定汽车速度vsoll可以例如是由驾驶者通过对应于纵向动力控制系统的操作元件所设置的期望速度或者由纵向动力控制系统本身根据特定运行参数所预定的汽车速度。特别地,由纵向动力控制系统所预定的额定汽车速度vsoll可以是在随动行驶(Folgefahrt)中预定的恒定汽车速度或者在加速度预定值下假定的恒定汽车速度(例如最大可能的汽车速度),例如用按照未公开的DE102004016513的系统。
作用在汽车车轮R上的额定车轮转矩Mrad_soll_gesamt基本上可以由驱动力矩Mrad_soll_antrieb和/或制动力矩Mrad_soll_bremse组成。下面从牵引力提高、即从正的额定驱动力矩出发,为此不需要制动力矩。
为此,在驾驶辅助系统3的控制设备中的功能模块输出要求到驱动系统1的控制设备,要求输出额定车轮转矩Mrad_soll_gesamt作为额定驱动力矩Mrad_soll_antrieb。驱动系统1根据其它运行参数决定如何设置该驱动力矩。
图2示出可能的额定车轮转矩曲线MR,该曲线是从低实际汽车速度vist到更高额定汽车速度vsoll的加速过程所必需的。
在驾驶辅助系统3的功能模块中,例如通过以下步骤确定为达到额定汽车速度vsoll所必需的额定车轮转矩曲线MR
1.优选地在考虑行驶阻力特征线MF的情况下,确定保持额定汽车速度vsoll恒定(稳定运行)所必需的车轮转矩M2,其中通过行驶阻力特征线反映估计的例如由于斜坡的干扰力矩。
2.确定形式为与速度相关的最大可能车轮转矩曲线M100%与为了保持额定汽车速度恒定所必需的车轮转矩M2之间差异的车轮转矩裕量(Radmomenten-Reserve)。由恒定最大驱动功率与汽车速度v之比得出已知的用于恒定功率的牵引力双曲线形式的最大可能车轮转矩曲线M100%
3.确定作为车轮转矩M2与车轮转矩裕量百分比分量之和额定车轮转矩曲线MR。由此同样得到关于汽车速度v的车轮转矩双曲线。该车轮转矩双曲线与汽车速度v的倒数成比例,并对于额定车轮转矩曲线MR很重要。因此,至少额定车轮转矩曲线MR的主要部分B与该车轮转矩双曲线相同。整个额定车轮转矩曲线MR也可以在实际汽车速度vist和额定汽车速度vsoll之间与该车轮转矩双曲线相同。但是,在这种情况下,额定车轮转矩在额定车轮转矩曲线开始和结束时的跳跃变化可能产生舒适性问题。
4.为了提高舒适度,额定车轮转矩曲线MR包括起始段A、主要段B和结束段C,其中起始段A和结束段C是具有有限梯度的过渡段。额定车轮转矩曲线MR的起始点P1是对于保持实际汽车速度vist恒定所必需的车轮转矩MI,优选地同样在考虑行驶阻力特征曲线MF的情况下。额定车轮转矩曲线MR的终点P2是对于保持额定汽车速度vsoll恒定所必需的车轮转矩M2。
参数额定车轮转矩也应当被理解为各种直接与车轮转矩成比例的参数,如牵引力或汽车加速度。重要的是与汽车速度的倒数成比例的双曲线形的额定预定值。由此得到的汽车性能在实验中被感觉为特别舒服,因为这对应于按照通过经验所学习的物理比例的期望。此外,只要燃料消耗或舒适度要求没有限制,就尽可能地利用上述车轮转矩裕量,以便实现快速设置新的额定汽车速度。
总之,通过本发明,优化了用于纵向动力控制的驾驶辅助系统的舒适度以及调节速度。

Claims (5)

1.一种汽车中的纵向动力控制系统,其中通过所述纵向动力控制系统从实际汽车速度出发设置新的额定汽车速度,其特征在于,设置用于确定为达到所述额定汽车速度而预定的额定车轮转矩曲线(MR)的功能模块(3),其中所述额定车轮转矩曲线至少在主要段(B)中与汽车行驶速度(v)的倒数成比例地预先给定,并被输出到用于实现额定车轮转矩曲线的调节系统(1,2);其中所述功能模块(3)被这样构造,使得所述额定车轮转矩曲线(MR)的主要段(B)在最大可能的额定车轮转矩曲线(M100%)和对于保持额定汽车速度恒定所必需的车轮转矩(M2)之间选择。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纵向动力控制系统,其特征在于,所述额定车轮转矩曲线(MR)由起始段(A)、主要段(B)和结束段(C)组成,其中所述起始段(A)和结束段(C)是具有有限梯度的过渡段。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纵向动力控制系统,其特征在于,所述额定车轮转矩曲线(MR)的起始点(P1)是对于保持实际汽车速度(vist)恒定所必需的车轮转矩(M1)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的纵向动力控制系统,其特征在于,所述额定车轮转矩曲线(MR)的终点(P2)是对于保持额定汽车速度(vsoll)恒定所必需的车轮转矩(M2)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纵向动力控制系统,其特征在于,所述额定汽车速度(vsoll)是由系统预定的恒定汽车速度。
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