CN101040160B

CN101040160B - Metallurgical furnace

Info

Publication number: CN101040160B
Application number: CN2005800350095A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 里斯托·萨里南; 伊尔卡·科约; 埃罗·胡格
Original assignee: Outokumpu Technology Oyj
Current assignee: Metso Outotec Oyj
Priority date: 2004-10-14
Filing date: 2005-10-11
Publication date: 2010-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2025-10-11
Also published as: FI118437B; WO2006040393A1; EA011183B1; FI20041330A0; CA2581978A1; PE20060787A1; CN101040160A; CA2581978C; FI20041330A; EA200700586A1; ZA200702958B

Abstract

The invention relates to the structure of the bottom area of a metallurgical furnace (1), comprising a bottom part (2) and a wall (3), both of which include a steel structure (6, 21) forming the external surface, and a refractory inner brick lining (12), the bottom part (2) and the wall (3) being joined together; the wall (3) of the furnace (1) is divided into a lower part (4) and an upper part (30), whereby the steel structure (21) of the lower part (4) is a separate ring consisting of parts (23), joints (19) being provided between the parts (23) and arranged to expand. The invention furtherrelates to a method for controlling the expansion of the furnace (1).

Description

Metallurgical furnace

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of metallurgical furnace that is provided with refractory lining and overhanging combustion chamber protective plate.More precisely, the present invention relates to the structure in bottom for metallurgical vessel zone and the method that the control stove expands.

Background technology

Usually, form normally about 3 to 5 layers of the number of plies of brick such as the substructure of metallurgical furnaces such as electric arc furnaces or flash smelting furnace by the brick that piles up at concrete bottom or steel bottom surface higher slice.The structure of furnace wall is made up of firm steel plate that is positioned at the outside and the bricking that is positioned at the inboard, furnace wall, comprises one or more layers brick on the thickness direction of furnace wall.Usually, the temperature in this stove reaches and substantially exceeds 1,000 degrees centigrade.Under the situation of copper or nickel, fusion temperature approximately is 1250 ℃～1300 ℃, and the fusion temperature of iron approximately is 1500 ℃.Because high temperature must dispose extra cooling in stove.By with suitable efficient cooled furnace wall, can make the material of the fusing of stove inside on the inner surface of furnace wall, form spontaneous protective layer.This spontaneous protective layer weares and teares by the inside bricking that prevents stove and prolongs the service life of stove.

In prior art solutions, the problem that exists annular furnace to expand during use.Particularly in furnace bottom area, expand, in the arcuation polycrystalline substance, cause buoyancy.This developing buoyancy also causes displacement in the bricking of wall, this displacement is tended to rise.This motion may cause the slight crack in collapsing of bricking and the box hat.Wherein, made great efforts to compensate this motion by between bricking and box hat, placing layer of substance.This expansion causes by the molten material that penetrates into bricking inside, bottom, especially by the composition that solidifies at low temperatures such as the nickel or the copper sulfide etc. of molten material.In the whole service life of stove, constantly expand in the bottom, finally causes stove not use.

Summary of the invention

Purpose according to solution of the present invention is to prevent or the expansion of minimizing bottom after the relevant transmission of stove initial heating and molten material at least, and the adverse effect of the displacement on the wall construction that prevents to be caused by this expansion.

Solve this setting task by following structure: a kind of structure of bottom section of metallurgical furnace, it comprises bottom and wall, bottom and wall both comprise steel construction and the internal refractory bricking that constitutes outer surface, bottom and wall are engaged with each other, it is characterized in that the wall of stove is divided into bottom and top, thus the eseparation ring formed by a plurality of parts of the steel construction of bottom, the junction surface is arranged between the part and is configured to inflatablely, is provided with the portion of being slidably engaged between the top of the bottom of wall and wall.

Solve this setting task by the following method: a kind of method of controlling the metallurgical furnace expansion, it is characterized in that, the annular lower portion of wall is divided into a plurality of parts along the circumferencial direction of stove, at the heating furnace period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, allow annular lower portion to expand by the junction surface between the part, the tubular upper bond of the wall of the annular lower portion of the wall that forms as one with the bottom of stove by being slidably engaged portion and stove, when between the bottom of stove and false bottom, forming channel system, air is blown into the temperature of this channel system with the bricking that is used to control the bottom by at least one air blast.

Description of drawings

Below, present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying, wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates the partial sectional view of the structure of furnace bottom area,

Fig. 2 illustrates the junction surface of the bottom of the furnace wall before the heating stove,

Fig. 3 illustrates the junction surface of the bottom of heating stove furnace wall afterwards.

The specific embodiment mode

Fig. 1 shows the structure of the bottom section of metallurgical furnace 1 with partial view.Fig. 1 is 2 zones that engage with the cylindrical wall 3 of stove 1, bottom.The wall 3 of stove 1 is made up of annular lower portion 4 and the tubular top 30 that is positioned on annular lower portion 4 tops.Stove 1 is installed in and is positioned on the row of one on the concrete foundation 6 girder steel 5.By on the steel sole plate 7 of stove 1, laying the bricking 12 that four brick layers are made bottom 2.Typically, the thickness of bricking 12 is brick layers from two to six.Bricking 12 in wall 3 zones is thinner slightly than the bricking 12 in 2 zones, bottom usually.

Below steel sole plate 7, be provided with and make it possible in 2 zones, bottom, carry out effective air exchange and air cooled false bottom 13.Between false bottom 13 and steel sole plate 7, set up channel system 14, be used for effective air and flow, air is blown into this channel system, to strengthen cooling by one or more air blast (not shown)s.Cooling air stream flows between base plate 7 and false bottom 13 according to arrow 15.Utilize the blow rate required directly to influence cooling effectiveness, so the main Temperature Distribution of bricking 12 inside of influence bottom.

What solidify at low temperatures during use, accumulates in the bottom of stove 1 such as the compound of nickel and copper sulfide in the bottom of melt.These compositions are tending towards infiltrating according to arrow 16 bricking 12 inside of the bottom of stove 1.In the stove of prior art, because the fusing composition can permeate the first brick layer fully before solidifying, be penetrated between the first brick layer and the second brick layer even darker, so these compositions constantly make polycrystalline substance expand during use, cause continuous expansion in the whole length of life of stove.In solution according to the present invention, air cooling by air blast control can make the temperature of bricking 12 be reduced to enough low level, and can make the metallic compound that solidifies at low temperatures as early as possible first and interior brick layer 8 in solidify, Rong Hua material can not one the tunnel be penetrated between the first brick layer 8 and the second brick layer 9 17 or darker thus.In this case, because the transmission of only expanding in essence with initial heating and molten material takes place relatively, so avoid the continuous expansion of the bottom 2 of the stove relevant with the use of stove 1.Backward, prevent the bricking 12 of more molten material infiltration bottom at the material of the first brick layer, 8 solidified inside.

For example, adopt internal temperature that the air cooling that strengthens by air blast makes the first brick layer 8 to be reduced to about 650 ℃ from about 1250 ℃～1300 ℃ temperature of the molten material of stove 1 inside, 650 ℃ is the setting temperature of the nickel composition that solidifies at low temperatures.Required temperature depends on the melt part that material in the stove and material solidify under minimum temperature.To solidify required critical condition in order reaching, preferably near the mid point of the first brick layer 8, to reach 650 ℃ temperature or depend on the relevant temperature that material is required.The setting temperature of the composition that solidifies at low temperatures based on the main temperature and the melt of stove 1 inside is specifically selected cooling capacity, makes and solidifies always the first brick layer, 8 inner generation.

By infiltrating bricking 12, molten material makes the direction expansion of bricking along the bottom of the stove 1 shown in the arrow 18.Yet, in solution according to the present invention, utilize the help of cooling, this expansion is restricted to mainly takes place relatively with the initial heating of stove 1 and the relevant transmission of melt.As following Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, this expansion of the bottom 2 that junction surface 19 compensation of the annular lower portion 4 of the wall 3 by stove 1 are caused by initial heating.Mortar joint by brick also forms the part compensation of thermal expansion, and this mortar joint is burnt between the brick gradually at the heating furnace period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.Yet, importantly, owing to the elastic elongation that is applied to this annular lower portion 4 is compensated, make compression to be applied to lay bricks for also residual some thermal expansions of the annular lower portion 4 of bottom 2.So the material of fusing can not infiltrate the gap of the brick that leaves opening.

The tubular top 30 of wall is directly installed on the structure of the annular lower portion 4 that combines with bottom 2, and between this tubular top 30 and annular lower portion 4, be provided with the portion of being slidably engaged 20, relevant with initial heating thus bottom expand the top 30 that can not cause cylindrical wall 3 distortion or only cause the very small deformation on the top 30 of cylindrical wall 3.Because this solution, only expand the bottom of stove 1 (bottom 4 of bottom 2 and wall), so the top 30 of wall keeps approximate constant.This prevent by bottom 2 expand in the bricking of the wall 3 that the buoyancy that causes causes any motion or break, this is the typical problem of prior art stove.Also at the steel construction 21 inboard configuration liquid circulation cooling elements 22 of the bottom 4 of the wall of stove 1, with the cooling in this zone that strengthens stove.The Cu-Cu surface that forms between two cooling elements simultaneously seals the slip junction surface effectively.In addition, guarantee that at the effective cooling in this zone molten material in time solidifies and this molten material can not be oozed out via the wall of stove 1 in being slidably engaged portion 20.

Fig. 1 also shows the small circular profile, and this profile has illustrated the junction surface 19 of steel construction 21 of the bottom 4 of stove.The junction surface in stove 1 outside is provided with connector 24, is assembled in together by these connector 24 circular portions.Hereinafter, describe junction surface 19 in detail in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 is illustrated in the junction surface 19 between two parts (being made up of part 23) of the annular lower portion 4 of stove 1 before the initial heating of stove.Junction surface 19 is flexible joint, as the portion that is frictionally engaged (or spring junction surface), and in this example, junction surface 19 is made up of connector 24,

support section

25 and 12 fasteners 26.Fastener 26 is screw bolt and nut sub-assembly etc. preferably.Part 23 at dotted line 27 places mutually tightly against.Connector 24 extends on the top of two parts 23, and for example for good and all is fixed on another part by screw bolt and nut sub-assembly, welding or corresponding measure.Attaching parts 24 are installed on another part 23 by fastener 26, make these attaching parts to crack in slip on the surface of part 23 and dotted line 27 places between two parts 23.

Fig. 3 is illustrated in the initial heating of stove 1 and the junction surface 19 that melt transmits Fig. 2 afterwards.Junction surface 19 is opened, and the annular lower portion 4 of stove 1 has been expanded to the expansion of required degree with compensation bricking 12.At this junction surface 19 that has sufficient amount in the annular lower portion 4 of whole stove 1, thus required part that can compensate for dilatation.Typically, stove 1 has 5～10 parts 23, expands thus and takes place in a controlled manner.Compensate part expansion by annular lower portion 4 is stretched, this occurs in the stretch section of iron and steel, so that required compensation to be provided in polycrystalline substance.

By example preferred embodiments more of the present invention are illustrated above.The invention is not restricted to these examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the preferred embodiments of the present invention can change within the scope of the appended claims.Be that in essence the composition that molten material is solidified solidifies, and prevents continuous expansion thus in the innermost layer of the brick of furnace bottom under minimum temperature.

Claims

1. the structure of the bottom section of a metallurgical furnace (1), it comprises bottom (2) and wall (3), bottom (2) and wall (3) both comprise the steel construction (7 that constitutes outer surface, 21) and internal refractory bricking (12), bottom (2) and wall (3) are engaged with each other, it is characterized in that, the wall (3) of stove (1) is divided into bottom (4) and top, the eseparation ring formed by a plurality of parts (23) of the steel construction (21) of bottom (4) thus, junction surface (19) is arranged between the part (23) and is configured to inflatablely, is provided with the portion of being slidably engaged (20) between the top (30) of the bottom (4) of wall (3) and wall (3).

2. structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, partly the junction surface of (23) (19) are flexible joint.

3. structure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described flexible joint is portion of being frictionally engaged or spring junction surface.

4. structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, between the bottom (4) of wall (3) and inner bricking cooling element (22) is set at least in part.

5. as each described structure in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, be provided with false bottom (13), thereby between the steel construction (7) of bottom (2) and false bottom (13), constitute channel system (14) in below, the bottom (2) of stove (1).

6. structure as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, at least one air blast is connected to channel system (14).

7. control the method that metallurgical furnace (1) expands for one kind, it is characterized in that, the annular lower portion (4) of wall (3) is divided into a plurality of parts (23) along the circumferencial direction of stove (1), when heating stove (1), allow annular lower portion (4) to expand by the junction surface (19) between the part (23), the annular lower portion (4) of the wall (3) that forms as one with the bottom (2) of stove (1) engages with the tubular top (30) of the wall (3) of stove (1) by being slidably engaged portion (20), when between the bottom (2) of stove (1) and false bottom (13), forming channel system (14), air is blown into the temperature of this channel system with the bricking (12) that is used for control bottom (2) by at least one air blast.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, make interior brick layer (8) temperature inside of the bottom (2) of stove (1) be reduced to such temperature by cooling, under this temperature, the particle that solidifies at low temperatures of melt solidifies in the interior brick layer (8) of bottom (2).

9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, according to the composition of molten material, makes interior brick layer (8) temperature inside of the bottom (2) of stove (1) be reduced to about 650 ℃～800 ℃ by cooling.