CN101039094A - Multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus with energy conservation unit - Google Patents
Multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus with energy conservation unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of high voltage multilevel frequency conversion technology, characterized in that the main circuit composes of a H bridge series connection type frequency converter and a group of storage energy inverter devices. The H bridge series connection type frequency converter is powered by a multiple winding isolation transformer, the storage energy inverter device is connected with a passive power energy storage capacitor, the energy storage capacitor can be selected according to the corresponding system power level. The main switch device of the three-phase bridge arm of the frequency conversion driving device can choose the corresponding power semiconductor switch device according to the output voltage level and the different passing currents. The controller whose core is a high performance digital signal microprocessor forms the PWM control signal. The structure is added with a group of storage energy inverter devices in the base of the traditional H bridge series connection type frequency converter, so as to not only realize the purpose of using energy storage capacitor to store energy dynamically, but make the voltage harmonic content decrease, the present invention improves the efficiency and the performance of the frequency conversion driving device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to many level of power electronics topological structure, specifically be meant a kind of topology of the multi-level frequency conversion speed regulating device with energy-storage units.
Background technology
Energy shortage and environmental pollution are human current common century difficult problems that faces.China's production of energy and consumption have been listed as world's first, but still do not satisfy the needs of industrial production and people's lives development far away.And the industrial present major part of high-voltage large-capacity alternating current motor of China drags for direct constant speed, causes a large amount of energy wastes every year, if can adopt variable-frequency control technique to realize variable-speed operation, then energy-saving effect is obvious.Therefore, the exploitation high efficiency big capacity ac motor speed control by variable frequency system of high-performance also applies, and China's industry is reduced the per unit area yield energy consumption be significant.
Below the existing alternating current motor 200kW of China is low pressure 380V, and the above electric moter voltage grade of 200kW mostly is 6kV and 10kV.Because be subjected to the restriction of power device withstand voltage level and current capacity, the converting means of traditional two-level inverter is difficult to satisfy the requirement of high-power transformation of electrical energy.By contrast, multi-level converter and correlation technique thereof have many remarkable advantages, comprising: near sinusoidal, voltage harmonic content is little more for (1), output voltage; (2), output voltage dv/dt is little, and is little to the insulation influence of load (such as motor), reduces the level of electromagnetic interference simultaneously greatly; (3), the single tube with low withstand voltage level constitutes high-pressure system, the single tube problem of withstand voltage of solution high-pressure system.Therefore, multi-electrical level inverter and correlation technique thereof are thought by industry and are had broad application prospects in the high-voltage large-capacity field.
At present, multi-level converter and correlation technique thereof have obtained good effect and remarkable economic efficiency in big capacity frequency control field, yet in fact, the multi-level frequency conversion speed adjusting technique still also has potentiality further energy-conservation and that raise the efficiency, and Here it is utilizes the storage of the braking energy in the production process again.Start fast for the ask for something motor, the system of braking and frequent rotating as express elevator, mine hoist, large-sized gantry planer etc., realizes that the efficient utilization of braking energy is of great practical significance.
Adopt the mesohigh converter plant of multilevel converter that the converter plant of friendship-straight-many level of alternating current die mould structure and the converter plant of voltage-type H bridge series connection are arranged at present.
Existing friendship-straight-alternating current die mould multi-level frequency conversion apparatus structure, the friendship of the prime-uncontrollable rectifier of the many employings of straight part, power by electrical network or constant alternating-current voltage source, the straight-friendship part of back level adopts multi-electrical level inverter, to obtain corresponding voltage with multiple levels output.For the multi-electrical level inverter structure of back level, main application is the diode-clamped structure at present.Shown in the accompanying drawing 1 is that three traditional level diode-clampeds are handed over-straight-alternating current die mould converter plant.
The general structure of main circuit of existing H bridge tandem type frequency converter as shown in Figure 2, multipleization of secondary phase shift isolating transformer provides the three-phase alternating current input for each H bridge power unit among Fig. 2 a, each H bridge power unit is the uncontrollable rectification of three-phase, two level H-bridge inverters and dc-link capacitance structure, shown in Fig. 2 b, each H bridge uses the low tension switch device, the output series connection of a plurality of H bridges unit realizes high pressure output, the more approaching sine of output voltage waveforms, without output filter, the current on line side harmonic wave is little simultaneously.
Hand over-converter plant of straight-many level of alternating current die mould structure and the converter plant of voltage-type H bridge series connection, their application has obtained certain effect, but also exists some problems.As above-mentioned this two classes converter plant, what prime input was all adopted is uncontrollable rectifier, because each brachium pontis use of uncontrollable rectifier is the diode of unidirectional conducting, so when motor braking, braking energy can't reverse flow.For this part braking energy, traditional way is when motor is in on-position, and with a brake resistance tandem tap again and be connected on the dc bus, as shown in Figure 3, the heat energy loss that braking energy is converted on the brake resistance fully falls.This structure is for the governing system that needs the braking of motor frequent starting, and the waste of energy is huge.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of topological structure of energy-efficient multi-level frequency conversion speed regulating device, the problem that the invention solves the storage of braking energy in the large-size machine frequency control and utilize again, simultaneously under the prerequisite of not increase system input power supply, realized the increase of output-voltage levels number, can also improve the reliability of system, this converter plant can be applied to mesohigh speed governing field.
The invention is characterized in that its system configuration includes shown in Fig. 4 a: many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer 1,2, one groups of energy storage DC-to-AC converter 3 of H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device and total digital controller 4:
Described many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer is meant that its former limit winding is three phase windings, is input as line voltage, and the secondary winding is many group three phase windings, and each line voltage-phase of organizing the output of three phase windings moves past the same phase angle successively;
Described H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device, with above-mentioned each organize three phase windings and connect a H bridge Power Conversion unit, the output of the multistage two level H-bridge Power Conversion unit of three phase windings of different phase shifts connection is connected, shown among Fig. 4 a 2, wherein said each two level H-bridge Power Conversion unit, shown in Fig. 2 b, comprise rectifying part 1, inversion part 2 and dc-link capacitance and detection link 3 thereof;
Described rectifying part is that the three phase power diode is not controlled rectifying part, and its three-phase input end is connected with the output of many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer secondary, and its output voltage bus end partly is connected with inversion;
Described inversion part, be a kind of two level H-bridge structures, the single brachium pontis of inversion part is in series by two device for power switching, the brachium pontis of inversion part and the output of rectifying part are in parallel, and each device for power switching adopts corresponding power semiconductor switch element according to the difference of output voltage grade;
Described dc-link capacitance and detection link thereof are meant shunt capacitance on the bus of two level H Power Conversion unit, and are connected on the electric capacity by voltage sensor, detect bus capacitor voltage;
With the input of termination motor (load) three-phase of the three-phase of above-mentioned H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device, with the output of another termination energy storage DC-to-AC converter of the three-phase of above-mentioned H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device;
Described energy storage DC-to-AC converter, shown in Fig. 4 b, be divided into storage capacitor part 1, inverter section 2 and storage capacitor voltage detecting link 3, this apparatus features is that the dc bus side does not need the power supply power supply, and the storage capacitor that just parallel connection has the larger capacity value on bus, and on each storage capacitor, be connected to the voltage detecting link, described inverter section can adopt many level of diode-clamped structure, shown in Fig. 5 a, also can adopt one-level H bridge power unit structure, shown in Fig. 5 b, each device for power switching of connecting on each phase brachium pontis adopts corresponding power semiconductor switch element according to the difference of output voltage grade, the output ax of described energy storage DC-to-AC converter, bx, cx connect an end of the three-phase of above-mentioned H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device;
Wherein, the storage capacitor voltage detecting link of above-mentioned energy storage inverter, be attempted by on the storage capacitor by voltage sensor, sample detecting storage capacitor voltage, it is imported total digital controller as feedback signal, go out corresponding PWM pulse-width signal, the operating state of coming the control of conversion speed regulating device by the total digital controller calculating and sending.
Described total digital controller as shown in Figure 6, comprises the drive circuit of digital signal microprocessor, pulse-width signal expanded circuit and pulse-width signal:
Described digital signal microprocessor, its analog input are N
1Road energy storage DC-to-AC converter bus capacitor magnitude of voltage and 3 * N
2The bus capacitor magnitude of voltage of road H bridge power unit carries out conversion through the analog input interface circuit, is input to the analog-to-digital conversion interface of digital signal microprocessor then; Digital signal microprocessor comprises 6 tunnel pulse-width modulation delivery outlets and as 1 I/O mouth of assist control line;
Described pulse-width signal expanded circuit, it is a Field Programmable Gate Array device, 6 tunnel pulse-width modulation delivery outlets of digital signal microprocessor and be connected to the pulse-width signal expanded circuit, described pulse-width signal expanded circuit output 6 * N as 1 I/O mouth of assist control line
1Road width-modulation pulse signal is controlled above-mentioned energy storage DC-to-AC converter, and simultaneously, described pulse-width signal expanded circuit is also exported 12 * N
2Road width-modulation pulse signal is controlled above-mentioned H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device, described 1 I/O mouth as fault time control block pwm pulse output;
The drive circuit of described pulse-width signal is imported 6 * N that described pulse-width signal expanded circuit is exported
1And 12 * N
2Road width-modulation pulse signal is exported corresponding pulse-width modulation power drive signal, and described pulse-width modulation power drive signal is connected respectively to each corresponding device for power switching on the brachium pontis mutually of described energy storage DC-to-AC converter and H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device;
Wherein, described N
1Be the number of the storage capacitor of energy storage DC-to-AC converter, value between 1～4, described N
2Be per three progression that are in series two level H-bridge Power Conversion unit, value is between 2～10.
Advantage that the present invention has and innovation part:
1, with respect to traditional H bridging frequency device, the present invention has solved the storage of braking energy in the large-size machine Control of Frequency Control Process and has utilized problem again by increasing by one group of energy storage DC-to-AC converter.This RHVC can be applied to mesohigh speed governing field;
2, because one group of energy storage DC-to-AC converter that the present invention proposes is not need the power supply power supply, therefore, the present invention can increase the level number of system's output voltage under the prerequisite that does not increase original H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device input power supply, reduce harmonic wave of output voltage, improve the performance of system;
3, when H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device breaks down, the energy storage DC-to-AC converter can play the effect of backup battery at short notice for load provides energy, has improved the reliability of system.
Accompanying drawing 8a, 8b, 8c, accompanying drawing 9a, 9b are the waveform of control technology on an experimental system that this programme adopts.Fig. 8 a is the simulation waveform of motor storage capacitor voltage when starting fast, the simulation waveform of storage capacitor voltage when Fig. 8 b is the motor fast braking, the simulation waveform of storage capacitor voltage when Fig. 8 c is the motor operate as normal, waveform shows, when motor starts fast, storage capacitor discharges energy rapidly gives motor, the startup energy is provided, and capacitance voltage descends, when the motor fast braking, the braking energy of motor stores in the storage capacitor, storage capacitor absorbs braking energy, and capacitance voltage rises, when the motor operate as normal, storage capacitor voltage can be stabilized in the scope, can increase the level number of system's output voltage.Fig. 9 a is the line voltage simulation waveform of the asynchronous machine that outputs to of converter plant, and Fig. 9 b is the experimental waveform of its output line voltage, and waveform shows native system scheme can realize the many level outputs of high pressure, has advantage mentioned above simultaneously.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is that three traditional level diode-clampeds are handed over-straight-alternating current die mould converter plant structure;
The general structure of main circuit of the existing H bridge of Fig. 2 a tandem type high voltage converter, wherein 1 is many windings of secondary phase shift isolating transformer, 2 is two level H-bridge power unit cascade structures;
Fig. 2 b two level H-bridge power cells, wherein 1 is uncontrollable rectifying part, and 2 are the inversion part, and 3 is dc-link capacitance and detection link thereof;
The voltage-type converter plant structure of Fig. 3 band brake resistance;
Fig. 4 a is the multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus system construction drawing of band energy-storage units, and wherein 1 is many windings of secondary phase shift isolating transformer, and 2 is two level H-bridge power unit cascade structures, and 3 are the energy storage DC-to-AC converter; 4 is total digital controller;
The structure chart of Fig. 4 b energy storage DC-to-AC converter;
The structure of Fig. 5 a diode-clamped energy storage DC-to-AC converter;
The structure of Fig. 5 b one-level H bridge power unit energy storage DC-to-AC converter;
The circuit logic theory diagram of Fig. 6 total digital controller;
The structure chart of the 10kV converter plant of the energy storage DC-to-AC converter of Fig. 7 a employing diode-clamped three level structures;
Fig. 7 b is the circuit logic schematic diagram of its corresponding total digital controller;
The simulation waveform of storage capacitor when Fig. 8 a motor starts fast;
The simulation waveform of storage capacitor during Fig. 8 b motor fast braking;
The simulation waveform of storage capacitor during Fig. 8 c motor operate as normal;
The simulation waveform of the line voltage of Fig. 9 a converter plant output;
The experimental waveform of the line voltage of Fig. 9 b converter plant output.
Embodiment:
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following scheme:
Topology of the present invention is made up of many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, a plurality of two level H-bridge Power Conversion unit (hereinafter to be referred as two level H-bridge power cells), one group of energy storage DC-to-AC converter and total digital controller, sees shown in Fig. 4 a.
Described many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer (hereinafter to be referred as the phase shift isolating transformer), its secondary winding are many group three phase windings, and per three groups of winding output line voltage phase places move past the same phase angle successively; Each is exported three phase windings and connects one two level H-bridge power cell, the output series connection of the two level H-bridge power cells that three phase windings of different phase shifts are connected.
Described two level H-bridge power cells are divided into rectifying part 1, two level H-bridge inversion parts 2 and dc-link capacitance voltage detecting link 3 shown in Fig. 2 b, a1, b1, c1 are the three-phase alternating current input, and rectifying part is that the three phase power diode is not controlled rectification; Intermediate dc link bus capacitor in parallel and voltage detecting link thereof, inversion partly is two level H-bridge structures, x1, x2 are cell voltage output.
Described one group of energy storage DC-to-AC converter is shown in Fig. 4 b, be divided into storage capacitor part 1, inversion part 2 and storage capacitor voltage detecting link 3, the dc bus side does not need the power supply power supply, and be electric capacity and the capacitance voltage detection link with larger capacity value in parallel on bus, above-mentioned inversion partly is one group of N electrical level inverter structure, wherein, described N is meant the level number of energy storage DC-to-AC converter output phase voltage, the three-phase output end ax of described energy storage DC-to-AC converter, bx, cx connect an end of above-mentioned H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device.
Realizing can adopting many level of diode-clamped structure on the energy storage frequency-converter device, be example with diode-clamped three level, as Fig. 5 a, storage capacitor voltage detecting link 1 output two-way detection signal, power switch S
11～S
14, S
21～S
24And S
31～S
34Constitute the three-phase tri-level brachium pontis, 12 road PWM drive signal g
11～g
14, g
21～g
24, g
31～g
34As the driving triggering signal of corresponding power switch, ax, bx, cx are device voltage output end.
Also can adopt one-level H power cell structure, shown in Fig. 5 b, storage capacitor voltage detecting link 1 output three road detection signals, power switch S
11～S
14, S
21～S
24And S
31～S
34Constitute three level brachium pontis of three-phase H bridge power unit respectively, 12 road PWM drive signal g
11～g
14, g
21～g
24, g
31～g
34As the driving triggering signal of corresponding power switch, ax, bx, cx are device voltage output end.
The circuit logic theory diagram of described total digital controller is seen accompanying drawing 6, is core with high performance digital signal microprocessor (DigitalSignal Processor) as the TMS320LF2812 of TI company, as the assist control line, (Field Programmable Gate Array/ComplexProgrammable Logic Device) expands to 6 * N as EPM7128S by the Field Programmable Gate Array device with 6 road PWM delivery outlets and 1 I/O mouth
1With 12 * N
2PWM output in road generates 6 * N through drive circuit then
1And 12 * N
2The road drives pwm pulse signal, removes to trigger 6 * N
1And 12 * N
2Individual power semiconductor switch, pwm pulse output was blocked in control when wherein 1 I/O mouth was as fault.The analog input interface circuit is finished the function of signal condition and isolation, with N
1N on the detected energy storage converter plant bus of road
1Individual capacitance voltage signal, and 3 * N
23 * N on the two level H-bridge power cell buses of road
2Individual bus capacitor voltage signal carries out being input to after the conversion analog-to-digital conversion mouth of DSP.Software calculates the deviation of each capacitance voltage value and setting in real time, prediction is also sent real-time PWM control impuls, dynamically control each capacitance voltage in set point with this, finish at motor start fast, when braking and stable operation, the dynamic control of each capacitance voltage, realize the stable operation of whole RHVC, simultaneously, the also alternating voltage output of the pwm signal control of conversion device that generates by software.Man-machine interface and communication unit are finished by serial communication interface that keyboard shows and are communicated by letter with PC and the function of monitoring; The switching value input-output unit is finished the monitoring, power device overcurrent of system running state, failure protection function such as overheated, and other peripheral controlled function require to decide on specific implementation.
Accompanying drawing 7a, 7b is the realization of a 10kV high pressure multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus: the secondary of phase shift isolating transformer is exported 9 groups of three-phase alternating voltages and is respectively a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, c3, former limit input 10kV, secondary output line voltage effective value is 2200V, line voltage shift phase angle is respectively 0 degree, 20 degree, 40 degree for per three groups, can make input power factor reach 95%.The energy storage DC-to-AC converter adopts diode-clamped three level structures, shown in Fig. 7 a, intermediate dc link electric capacity is by the two groups of withstand voltage energy capacitance set identical with capacity series connection, and the series connection neutral point is drawn, as the mid point of three-level inverters, adopt voltage sensor senses cell capacitance voltage; S
11～S
14, S
21～S
24And S
31～S
34Be 12 IGBT that 3300V is withstand voltage, constitute the three-phase tri-level brachium pontis respectively, the triggering signal g that sends by the PWM driver element
11～g
14, g
21～g
24And g
31～g
34Difference trigger switch pipe S
11～S
14, S
21～S
24And S
31～S
34, the clamp bypass diodes is the fast recovery power diode of 6 identical electric pressures.Two level H-bridge inversion unit structures are shown in Fig. 2 b, each switching tube adopts the withstand voltage IGBT of 3300V, every unit output AC voltage is greater than 2000V, every is three two level H-bridge power unit cascades mutually, series connection back three-phase one end links to each other with the output of energy storage DC-to-AC converter, guarantee to link to each other stack back output phase voltage greater than 6000V, output line voltage reaches 10kV.
Fig. 7 b is its corresponding total digital controller circuit logic schematic diagram; with high performance digital signal microprocessor TMS320LF2407A is core; its 6 road PWM delivery outlet and 1 I/O mouth are as the assist control line; expand to 48 road PWM output by FPGA/CPLD device EPM7128S; generate 48 tunnel drive signals through drive circuit; trigger 12 IGBT of energy storage DC-to-AC converter and 36 IGBT of 9 two level H-bridge power cells respectively; after the bus capacitor voltage signal conditioning of 2 tunnel detected storage capacitor voltage signals and 9 road H bridge power units; enter DSP through analog-to-digital conversion; its serial ports outputs to keyboard and shows; communicate by letter with PC simultaneously, the switching value input-output unit is the monitoring of system running state; the IGBT overcurrent; heat protection function.
Claims (3)
1, the multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus of band energy-storage units is characterized in that described multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus contains: many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, and H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device, energy storage inverter and total digital controller, wherein:
Many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer, former limit is three phase windings, and input line voltage, secondary are many group three phase windings, and each line voltage-phase of organizing the output of three phase windings moves past the same phase angle successively;
H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device, it is a three phase converter that the control motor is used, each of this frequency converter is formed by multistage H bridge Power Conversion units in series, the number of described each H bridge Power Conversion unit in mutually equates with the group number of three phase windings of described transformer secondary, each is organized three phase windings and connects a H bridge Power Conversion unit, and wherein, described each H bridge Power Conversion unit comprises: rectifying part, inversion part and dc-link capacitance and detection link thereof, wherein:
Rectifying part is the uncontrollable rectifier of three phase power diode, and its three-phase input end links to each other with the output of described many windings secondary phase shift isolating transformer secondary, and output is parallel to described dc-link capacitance and detect on the dc-link capacitance in the link,
Dc-link capacitance and detect link, contain: dc-link capacitance and voltage sensor, voltage sensor are connected in parallel on this dc-link capacitance, and detect the voltage of bus capacitor and output to the corresponding module input of described total digital controller,
The inversion part is a kind of many level H-bridges structure, and the output of its brachium pontis and described rectifying part is in parallel, each device for power switching of connecting on each phase brachium pontis according to the different mining of the grade of output voltage with corresponding power semiconductor switch element;
The energy storage inverter, contain: the storage capacitor part, the energy storage voltage detecting link of inverter section and storage capacitor, wherein,
The voltage detecting link is a voltage sensor, is connected in parallel on the voltage that detects storage capacitor on the described storage capacitor, and outputs to the input of the corresponding module of described total digital controller,
The energy storage inverter section, adopt many level of diode-clamped structure, perhaps one-level H bridge power unit structure, each device for power switching of connecting on each phase brachium pontis adopts corresponding power semiconductor switch element according to the difference of output voltage grade, and the end in the three-phase of described H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device is received in described energy storage respectively with three outputs of inverter section;
Total digital controller, contain: digital signal microprocessor DSP, the pulse-width signal expanded circuit, and drive in the energy storage inverter two pulse width signal PWM drive circuits of each semiconductor power switch device in each semiconductor power switch device and H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device respectively, wherein:
Digital signal microprocessor DSP is provided with two groups of analog input ends, imports the feedback signal of described storage capacitor voltage and the feedback signal of H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device median generatrix capacitance voltage respectively,
The pulse-width signal expanded circuit adopts FPGA or CPLD, and input links to each other with the pwm signal output of described digital signal microprocessor DSP,
The first pwm signal drive circuit, input links to each other with the corresponding output end of described pulse-width signal expanded circuit, and output is used for driving the semiconductor power switch device of energy storage inverter,
The second pwm signal drive circuit, input links to each other with another road output of described pulse-width signal expanded circuit, and output is used for driving the semiconductor power switch device in each H bridge Power Conversion unit of H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device.
2, the multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus of band energy-storage units according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device replaces with many level of diode-clamped structure.
3, the multi-level frequency conversion driving apparatus of band energy-storage units according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the inverter section in the described H bridge Series Frequency Conversion device is a kind of two level H-bridge structures.
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| BR112013000702B1 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2021-06-01 | Abb Technology Ltd | ELECTRIC VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER AND ELECTRIC VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER SYSTEM |
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