CN101029406A - Electrolytic smelting method of copper - Google Patents
Electrolytic smelting method of copper Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A process for electrorefining copper. The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing deactivation phenomena, depressing the formation of suspending anode sludge in electrolytes and manufacturing electrolytic copper with high purity from anodes containing noble metals and Sn of high concentration, and obtaining copper anode sludge with high noble metals level at the same time. Said method comprises the step of melting and refining a copper and noble metal waster material containing at least on of the noble metals such as copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodioum and ruthenium (nambed by noble metals below). During the copper electrorefining by using the obtained anodes with high noble metal level, by controlling the level of Sn in the anodes not higher than 0.33 mass% and controlling the cathode electric current density not higher than 200A/m2, the suspending anode sludge is prevented from being generated, and the electrolysis can be executed without deactivation occuring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the copper, the precious metal waste material that contain precious metals at least a in copper and gold and silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, the ruthenium (hereinafter referred to as precious metal) are being handled with fusion reducing furnace, refining has absorbed the reducing metal of precious metal in copper, the gained blister copper is carried out under the situation of electrorefining, when using precious metal and the high anode of Sn containing ratio to carry out electrorefining, the generation of the mud that prevents to suspend and the generation of passivation phenomenon, guarantee stable electrolytic copper quality and obtain the copper electrolyzing refining method of precious metal copper anode mud of high grade.
Background technology
Usually, the electrolytic copper during copper is smelted is for example by step manufacturing shown in Figure 2.At first, with copper ore concentrates fusion in self-heating smelting furnace or reverberatory furnace etc., then using the converter oxidation, with the refining in refining furnace of gained blister copper, is that the refining blister copper of 98-99 quality % is cast as the positive plate (hereinafter referred to as anode) that is used for copper electrolyzing refining with gained purity.
Then, anode that casting is obtained and negative plate (hereinafter referred to as negative electrode) be alternately configuration at certain intervals mutually in the electrolyzer that has added copper electrolyte, with current density 300A/m
2Or under the condition of above electrical current, cupric ion is from also galvanic deposit is on negative electrode to electrolytic solution as stripping on the anode of refining blister copper, and the preparation copper grade is 99.99 quality % or above electrolytic copper.
On the other hand, although contain impurity as trace in the anode of refining blister copper, carry out in the process in above-mentioned electrolysis, foreign metal ion strippings such as Sn, As, Sb, Bi, Fe are in electrolytic solution.The concentration of these foreign metal ions in electrolytic solution reaches certain value when above, can cause the purity drop of acid copper, and current efficiency reduces and specific conductivity reduces, and therefore must remove foreign metal ionic fluid purification and handle.
Resemble the minimum metal ions of solubleness such, in electrolytic solution such as Sn and then be deposited in cell bottom, can be used as the copper anode mud Separation and Recovery of bottom land with the form of the anode mud of copper electroplating (hereinafter referred to as copper anode mud).But the Sn in the anode is of high grade, and then Sn forms the suspension anode sludge in electrolytic solution, is rolled in the electrolytic copper, and the impurity in the end article electrolytic copper is increased.And, in pipeline etc., forming dirt, final blocking pipelines etc. produce obstacle in maintenance of the equipment.Therefore, the Sn grade in the anode must be controlled at the grade that does not produce the suspension anode sludge.
Precious metal beyond the silver that contains in the anode all not stripping but is deposited in cell bottom as copper anode mud in electrolytic solution, therefore can reclaim with the isolated in form of the copper anode mud of bottom land, is discharged to outside the system.And stripping goes out in electrolytic copper to the silver-colored electrolysis in the electrolytic solution, for preventing this situation, adds hydrochloric acid, makes the silver ions in the electrolytic solution form silver chloride, reclaims with copper anode mud.
For example, the total grade of precious metal in the resulting anode of copper smelting concentrate be generally about 0.1 quality % or below, the Sn grade be about 0.004 quality % or below, with cathode current density (hereinafter referred to as current density) 200A/m
2Or above current density is carried out copper electrolyzing refining.
But in the copper refining step, to copper, when the precious metal scrap feed material is carried out the secondary smelting of active process, impurity treatment capacities such as precious metal in the raw material or Zn, Sn, Sb increase, and precious metal in the anode or impurity grade increase.Like this, if use precious metal anode of high grade to carry out copper electrolyzing refining, then anode surface is covered by the copper anode mud of precious metal densification of high grade, and this copper anode mud layer has hindered the diffusion of cupric ion, if improve current density, then causes passivation phenomenon.In this case, can be used as one of method of preventing passivation phenomenon is to carry out the low current density electrolysis.
When using Sn anode of high grade, as mentioned above, produce the suspension anode sludge in the copper electrolyzing refining step, cause the pollution of electrolytic copper or separating out of pipeline dirt, thus operation is produced obstacle, the Sn grade in therefore must antianode limits.
As mentioned above, with copper, the precious metal scrap feed material is carried out melting treatment, after gathering precious metal in the copper, do not carry out oxidation refining and directly carry out copper electrolyzing refining, an example of this method can be with reference to C.Anderson, T.Fayram, and M.Doolin " The application ofcopper metallurgy in the recovery of secondary precious metals " 529-543 page or leaf, Proceedings of Copper99-Cobre99 International Conference VolumeIII-Ekectrorefining and Electrowinning of Copper, The Minerals, Metals ﹠amp; Materrials Society, 1999 (non-patent literatures 1).In this method, copper, precious metal scrap feed material are carried out melting treatment, gather precious metal in the copper after, the electrolytic condition of electrorefining step is: current density is about 20A/m
2About, current efficiency is about 90%, and the quality of electrolytic copper is 99.9 quality %, in the gained copper anode mud, the grade of Sn is 30-40 quality %, the adding up to about 4 quality % of precious metal grade, never exist the angle of refinement step to see, can realize low-cost processes, very economical.
[non-patent literature 1] C.Anderson, T.Fayram, and M.Doolin " Theapplication of copper metallurgy in the recovery of secondary preciousmetals " 529-543 page or leaf, Proceedings of Copper99-Cobre99 InternationalConference Volume III-Ekectrorefining and Electrowinning ofCopper, The Minerals, Metals ﹠amp; Materrials Society, 1999.
Summary of the invention
But, as mentioned above, copper, precious metal scrap feed material carried out melting treatment, using in the precious metal of gained and the copper electrolyzing refining that Sn anode of high grade carries out, adopted the low current density electrolysis for preventing passivation, therefore, following problem is arranged: precious metal is concentrated in need the long period in the copper anode mud, current efficiency is low and to pollute precious metal grade in electrolytic copper and the copper anode mud low etc. during electrorefining.
In view of the above problems, the invention provides in copper electrolyzing refining, the anode that contains precious metal and Sn for high density, prevent passivation phenomenon, suppress the formation of the suspension anode sludge in electrolytic solution, prepare the high purity electrolytic copper, obtain the method for precious metal copper anode mud of high grade simultaneously with high current efficiency.
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned problem, proposed following copper electrolyzing refining method:
(1) copper electrolyzing refining method, wherein copper, the precious metal scrap feed material of at least a precious metal in will containing copper and gold and silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium (hereinafter referred to as precious metal) are carried out melting treatment, refining, when the precious metal that use obtains anode of high grade carries out copper electrolyzing refining, by the grade that makes Sn in the anode is 0.33 quality % or following, makes cathode current density (hereinafter referred to as current density) be 200A/m
2Or below, the suspension anode sludge can be do not produced, and electrolysis can be carried out to not passivation;
(2) the copper electrolyzing refining method of above-mentioned (1), wherein, the Cu concentration in the copper electrolyte is 37g/L-45g/L, free sulfuric acid concentration is the scope of 170g/L-200g/L.
The present invention has following effect:
(1) in the copper electrolyzing refining, in the scope that does not generate the suspension anode sludge that Sn causes, can use the anode of high Sn grade, therefore can alleviate the load of the refinement step that is used to remove Sn in the anode manufacturing.
(2) in the copper electrolyzing refining, can use be not easy to produce passivation, precious metal and Sn anode of high grade, obtain highly purified electrolytic copper.
(3) in the copper electrolyzing refining, can use the anode of rich and honour metal to carry out copper electrolyzing refining, can reclaim a certain amount of precious metal in the early stage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents a scheme of treatment scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a scheme of methodical treatment scheme.
Embodiment
Process object thing of the present invention is the copper, the precious metal waste material that contain at least a precious metal in copper and gold and silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, the ruthenium and Sn to be handled and the anode that is used for copper electrolyzing refining that obtains.
Copper grade in this anode is 97-99 quality %, and gold grade is that 200-500 quality ppm, silver-colored grade are 6,000-10, and 000 quality ppm, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium respectively do for oneself about 10-150 quality ppm, contain at least wherein any.And the Sn that may become problem is adjusted to 0.01-0.33 quality %.
This anode carries out refining treatment then, thereby removes Sn by reduce processing in fusion reducing furnace.
At this moment, then not preferred economically if over reduction is handled, refining treatment, abort process when the Sn grade that the electrolysis treatment that reaches subsequent step is allowed.
Thus, can carry out reducing and smelting, refining processing in economical and efficient ground.
Among the present invention, found to make on the grade of this Sn to be limited to 0.33 quality %.Sn than 0.33 quality % for a long time, in follow-up electrolysis step, the suspension anode sludge increases, and pollutes electrolytic copper, and is not preferred; If produce passivation more at most.
Above-mentioned reduction is handled 1,200-1, and 600 ℃ were carried out about 0.5-4 hour.
In addition, refining treatment is 1,150-1, and 500 ℃ were carried out about 0.5-5 hour.
And, when above-mentioned anode is carried out electrolysis treatment, preferred 200A/m
2Or below.This is because than 200A/m
2Produce passivation when high.
The preferred 37-45g/L of copper concentration.Lower than 37g/L, then have the galvanic deposit of Bi, the quality of electrolytic copper goes wrong, and than 45g/L height, then produces passivation.
Embodiment
Below, use embodiment to further specify the present invention.
(embodiment 1-2)
Electrolyzer uses the glass electrolyzer of wide 150mm, long 200mm, dark 200mm.In this electrolyzer, pack into 1 blister copper anode (electrode area 150 * 80mm) and 1 negative electrode (electrode area of making by the SUS plate 150 * 80mm).
Anode as shown in table 1, that anode uses the Sn grade to change between 0.07 quality %-3.2 quality %.When using this anode to carry out copper electrolyzing refining, the generation of the generation of passivation and the suspension anode sludge is as shown in table 1.The generation of affirmation passivation is judged by the variation and the energising back anodic outward appearance of bath voltage.In addition, the generation of the suspension anode sludge is judged the adhesion condition of electrolyzer and electrode surface by observing the energising back anode sludge.
Electrolytic solution is: Cu concentration 40g/L, free sulfuric acid concentration: 190g/L, Sn concentration 0.003g/L, As concentration 3.7g/L, Sb concentration 0.22g/L, Bi concentration: 0.18g/L, the electrolytic solution that uses 4.3L to form makes the liquid temperature be 62-64 ℃.This electrolytic solution is with the flow circulation of per minute 27mL, with 200A/m
2Current density energising 240 hours.
[table 1]
| Current density A/m 2 | Analytical value (quality ppm) | Analytical value (quality %) | Have or not the generation passivation | Have or not and produce the suspension anode sludge | |||||
| Au | Ag | Sn | As | Sb | Bi | ||||
| Embodiment 1 | 200 | 420 | 9,000 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.07 | Do not have | Do not have |
| Embodiment 2 | 200 | 370 | 7,100 | 0.33 | ＜0.01 | 0.14 | 0.05 | Do not have | Do not have |
| Comparative example 1 | 200 | 400 | 10,000 | 0.48 | ＜0.01 | 0.14 | 0.03 | Do not have | Have |
| Comparative example 2 | 200 | 310 | 7,500 | 0.66 | ＜0.01 | 0.17 | 0.03 | Have | Have |
| Comparative example 3 | 200 | 280 | 6,700 | 3.20 | ＜0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | Have | Have |
| Comparative example 4 | 300 | 420 | 9,000 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.07 | Have | Do not have |
As shown in table 1, in the anode of embodiment 1,2, be under 0.33 quality % or the following condition in the Sn grade, the generation of the anode sludge that do not suspend, and passivation does not take place.
Current efficiency and gained electrolytic copper quality under the condition of embodiment 1,2 are as shown in table 2.In arbitrary embodiment, all obtain current efficiency and be 99.9% or above, electrolytic copper quality be 99.99 quality % or above quality.
[table 2]
| Current efficiency % | Cu grade quality % | Chemical analysis value (quality ppm) | ||||||
| Au | Ag | Sn | As | Sb | Bi | |||
| Embodiment 1 | ＞99.9 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
| Embodiment 2 | ＞99.9 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
| Comparative example 1 | ＞99.9 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 99.8 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 99.8 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | 2 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 99.9 | ＞99.99 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 |
And the chemical analysis value of the copper anode mud that is obtained by the copper electrolyzing refining under the condition of embodiment 1,2 is as shown in table 3.Copper anode mud as shown in table 3, as to obtain under can condition by embodiment 1,2, its Au, Ag's is of high grade, and the grade of Cu, Sn is low.
[table 3]
| Chemical analysis value (quality %) | |||||||
| Au | Ag | Cu | Sn | As | Sb | Bi | |
| Embodiment 1 | 2.8 | 61.0 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.9 | 36.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.2 | 24.3 | 4.8 | 14.7 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.0 | 23.0 | 8.5 | 17.0 | 17.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.3 | 7.2 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 2.0 | 0.3 |
| Comparative example 4 | 2.7 | 59.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.2 |
(comparative example 1-3)
In the foregoing description, in anode the Sn grade, with the same electrolytic condition of embodiment under implement copper electrolyzing refining.
The anode analytical value of comparative example, the generation of the suspension anode sludge and the situation occurred of passivation also are illustrated in the table 1 simultaneously. and when the Sn grade is the condition of 0.48 quality % in the anode, passivation not taking place, but has generated the suspension anode sludge.During anode in comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 under two kinds of conditions, generate the suspension anode sludge, produce passivation simultaneously.The chemical analysis value of the suspension anode sludge that generates in the comparative example 4 is as shown in table 4.
[table 4]
| Sn quality % | As quality % | Sb quality % |
| 25 | 28 | 1.7 |
As shown in table 4, the suspension anode sludge is the Sn-As-Sb three component system indissoluble salt based on Sn, As, and it is owing to Sn and the As in the electrolytic solution, Sb by stripping in the anode form compound and produce.And as shown in table 3, the analytical value of the copper anode mud that obtains in the comparative example and embodiment 1,2 relatively is the low copper anode mud of grade of of high grade and Au, the Ag of Cu, Sn, As.
The electrolytic copper quality of comparative example all obtains 99.99 quality % or above quality under any condition, but in the comparative example 3, the Sn grade in the electrolytic copper is 2 quality ppm, has Sn to pollute.
(comparative example 4)
Below, in order to improve the productivity of copper, in the foregoing description 1, change current density into 300A/m
2, in addition under the electrolytic condition identical, implement copper electrolyzing refining with embodiment 1.
Even using the Sn grade is the anode of 0.07 quality %, if current density is increased to 300A/m
2, do not generate the suspension anode sludge yet, but passivation taken place.The gained electrolytic copper is 99.99 quality % or above electrolytic copper, obtains precious metal copper anode mud of high grade.
(embodiment 3-6 and comparative example 6)
In the foregoing description 2, change the Cu concentration in the electrolytic solution, free sulfuric acid concentration into shown in the table 5 condition, in addition under electrolytic condition similarly to Example 2, implement copper electrolyzing refining.
[table 5]
| Cu concentration (g/L) | Free sulfuric acid concentration (g/L) | Have or not the generation passivation | Have or not and produce the suspension anode sludge | Electrolytic copper pollutes | |
| Embodiment 3 | 45 | 190 | Do not have | Do not have | Do not have |
| Embodiment 4 | 37 | 190 | Do not have | Do not have | Do not have |
| Embodiment 5 | 40 | 170 | Do not have | Do not have | Do not have |
| Embodiment 6 | 40 | 200 | Do not have | Do not have | Do not have |
| Comparative example 6 | 50 | 190 | Have | Do not have | Do not have |
Shown in the embodiment 3,4 of table 5, when the Cu concentration in the electrolytic solution is the scope of 37g/L-45g/L, there are not the generation of the suspension anode sludge, the generation of passivation phenomenon and the electrolytic copper that impurity causes to pollute.
But shown in comparative example 6, the Cu concentration in the electrolytic solution is 50g/L or when above, and passivation phenomenon takes place.
Shown in the embodiment 5,6 of table 5, when the free sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolytic solution is the scope of 170g/L-200g/L, there are not the generation of the suspension anode sludge, the generation of passivation phenomenon and the electrolytic copper that impurity causes to pollute.
Claims (2)
1. copper electrolyzing refining method, it is characterized in that: the copper of at least a precious metal in will containing copper and gold and silver, platinum, palladium, germanium, ruthenium, precious metal scrap feed material are carried out melting treatment and refining, use in the copper electrolyzing refining that resulting precious metal anode of high grade carries out, make that the Sn grade is 0.33 quality % or following in the anode, making cathode current density is 200A/m
2Or below, can not produce the suspension anode sludge and passivation does not take place and carry out electrolysis.
2. the copper electrolyzing refining method of claim 1, wherein, the Cu concentration in the copper electrolyte is 37g/L-45g/L, free sulfuric acid concentration is the scope of 170g/L-200g/L.
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| JP2006054296 | 2006-03-01 | ||
| JP2006054296A JP4298712B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2006-03-01 | Method for electrolytic purification of copper |
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| CN201210023328.6A Division CN102560534B (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2006-11-30 | Process for electrolytic refining of copper |
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| CNA2006101630780A Pending CN101029406A (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2006-11-30 | Electrolytic smelting method of copper |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN102477577A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-30 | 湖南汇博金属材料有限责任公司 | Preparation process for metal fibers |
| CN102492959A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-13 | 重庆重冶铜业有限公司 | Production method of electrolytic copper anode |
| CN103160854A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-19 | 广东先导稀材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity copper |
| CN104114750A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2014-10-22 | 纳诺莫泰乐吉有限公司 | A method for industrial copper electro-refining |
| CN112119182A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-12-22 | 梅塔洛比利时公司 | Improvements in electrical refining of copper |
| CN112654736A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-04-13 | 环太铜业株式会社 | Method for producing electrolytic copper |
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| JP5539823B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-07-02 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石金属株式会社 | Electrolyte purification method |
| JP2017214612A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | Electrolytic refining method for copper |
| JP2019026866A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-02-21 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | Electrorefining method of copper |
| JP6936265B2 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-09-15 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | Systems for manufacturing metal materials and methods for manufacturing metal materials |
| WO2022040334A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | Enviro Metals, LLC | Metal refinement |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62109990A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-21 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Method for refining crude copper |
| JPH0222489A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-25 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Method for electrolytically refining high purity copper |
| CN1017167B (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1992-06-24 | 重庆钢铁研究所 | Direct electrolytic refining of copper scrap by stainless steel anode frame |
| CN1167817C (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-09-22 | 清华大学 | Process for recovering metal and non-metal materials from copper enriched electronic waste |
| CN1390983A (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2003-01-15 | 吉林市宏志实业发展有限公司 | Process for preparing cathode copper by one-step electrolysis of raw red copper |
| CN100344795C (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2007-10-24 | 金川集团有限公司 | Method for producing copper powder by electrodeposition |
-
2006
- 2006-03-01 JP JP2006054296A patent/JP4298712B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-30 CN CN201210023328.6A patent/CN102560534B/en active Active
- 2006-11-30 CN CNA2006101630780A patent/CN101029406A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102477577A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-30 | 湖南汇博金属材料有限责任公司 | Preparation process for metal fibers |
| CN104114750A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2014-10-22 | 纳诺莫泰乐吉有限公司 | A method for industrial copper electro-refining |
| CN104114750B (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2018-10-26 | 纳诺莫泰乐吉有限公司 | Method for industrial copper electrolyzing refining |
| CN103160854A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-19 | 广东先导稀材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity copper |
| CN102492959A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-13 | 重庆重冶铜业有限公司 | Production method of electrolytic copper anode |
| CN102492959B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-03-19 | 重庆重冶铜业有限公司 | Production method of electrolytic copper anode |
| CN112119182A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-12-22 | 梅塔洛比利时公司 | Improvements in electrical refining of copper |
| CN112119182B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2024-05-31 | 梅塔洛比利时公司 | Improvements in copper electrorefining |
| CN112654736A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-04-13 | 环太铜业株式会社 | Method for producing electrolytic copper |
| CN112654736B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2024-01-16 | Jx金属冶炼株式会社 | Method for producing electrolytic copper |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2007231363A (en) | 2007-09-13 |
| CN102560534B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| JP4298712B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| CN102560534A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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