CN101027143A - Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring - Google Patents

Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101027143A
CN101027143A CN 200580031986 CN200580031986A CN101027143A CN 101027143 A CN101027143 A CN 101027143A CN 200580031986 CN200580031986 CN 200580031986 CN 200580031986 A CN200580031986 A CN 200580031986A CN 101027143 A CN101027143 A CN 101027143A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
raw material
intermediate raw
mentioned
axial
high accuracy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN 200580031986
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
小林一登
大塚清司
新藤功
森浩平
安田裕
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NSK Ltd
Original Assignee
NSK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NSK Ltd filed Critical NSK Ltd
Publication of CN101027143A publication Critical patent/CN101027143A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing a raceway ring for a radial ball bearing in which the raceway ring is formed by at least either an outer ring where an outer ring raceway with a circular arc cross-section is formed as a raceway surface in an axially intermediate section of an inner peripheral surface, along the entire periphery of the outer ring, or an inner ring where an inner ring raceway with a circular arc cross-section is formed as a raceway surface in an axially intermediate section of an outer peripheral surface, along the entire periphery of the inner ring, and which radial ball bearing has balls rollably arranged between the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway. The method has processes as follows: a high precision material processing process for forming by cold working a hollow cylinder-like high precision material having substantially the same volume as the volume of the raceway ring, as a finished product, for a radial ball bearing and has a raceway ring processing process for forming the raceway ring in the axially intermediate section of either of the peripheral surfaces by plastically deforming the high precision material by cold working, and the method does not perform processing for removing a material at least before heat treatment.

Description

The manufacture method and the manufacturing installation of radial ball bearing usefulness rail wheel and manufacture method thereof, high accuracy ring
Technical field
The present invention relates to improvement to rail wheel and manufacture method thereof, wherein, described rail wheel is used to constitute the radial ball bearing that does not require too high running accuracy, for example packs into to be installed in electric vacuum cleaner, to change electro-motor in the various household electrical appliance such as fan or various automobile with the radial ball bearing in the swivel bearing portions such as subsidiary engine.
Background technology
The radial ball bearing shown in Figure 53 1 of in the swivel bearing portion of various whirligigs, packing into.This radial ball bearing 1 is a shallow/deep groove type, and, between foreign steamer 2a that is provided with concentrically with respect to one another and interior wheel 3, be provided with a plurality of balls 4,4.Along whole circumference, the axial pars intermedia of the inner peripheral surface of foreign steamer 2 therein forms the outer wheel track 5 of shallow/deep groove type, forms shallow/deep groove type inner track wheel road 6 at the axial pars intermedia of the outer peripheral face of interior wheel 3.Above-mentioned each ball 4,4 can freedom rollably be arranged between above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 and the inner track wheel road 6 under the state that is kept by retainer 7.And,, above-mentioned foreign steamer 2 and above-mentioned interior wheel 3 are rotated relatively freely by this structure.In addition, in the example shown in Figure 53, as above-mentioned retainer 7, though the ripple retainer that has used metal material to make,, the situation of the crown type retainer that use synthetic resin is made is also more.In addition, difference fastening sealing plate (comprises direct contact seal plate and non-contact seal plate in the fastening groove of employing on being formed at the both ends inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2.At whole specification all is identical) the situation of outer peripheral edges also more.In this case, the inner peripheral of above-mentioned two sealing plates is along two end outer peripheral faces or approaching and relative with them of the above-mentioned interior wheel 3 of whole circumference sliding-contact.
For the above-mentioned foreign steamer 2 of making described such radial ball bearing 1 above constituting or above-mentioned in the rail wheel of wheel 3 etc., in the past, generally speaking, at first, obtained to have the intermediate raw material that shape and size and finished product are similar to by forging processing and machining.Afterwards, implement to be used to make case-hardened heat treatment in this intermediate raw material, afterwards, on the surface that comprises orbital planes such as above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 or above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6, implement grinding, to form above-mentioned rail wheel in order to qualification size and surface smoothness.Also there is loaded down with trivial details and defect of high cost in the manufacture method of wheel in this except stock utilization is bad.
In addition, in patent documentation 1,2, put down in writing the method that is formed centrally the rail wheel of radial ball bearing in being processed as with forging.
At first, the invention of patent documentation 1 record is: by forge make be used in the intermediate raw material of making foreign steamer and make in after the intermediate raw material of wheel forms the compound intermediate raw material of one, with this composite materials be divided into be used to make foreign steamer foreign steamer with intermediate raw material be used to make interior interior wheel intermediate raw material of taking turns.In addition, in the invention of this patent documentation 1 record, be used to make the diameter of the interior wheel of interior wheel, can obtain to have the interior wheel in shallow/deep groove type inner track wheel road at outer peripheral face with the part of intermediate raw material by expansion.
In addition, invention in patent documentation 2 records relates to following method: by the longitudinal type punching press, compress (upsetting processing) vertically with cold working mode and cut off the formed ring-type raw material of making by hot extrusion of steel pipe, thereby produce the foreign steamer intermediate raw material of wheel track outside inner peripheral surface has shallow/deep groove type.
In the invention of record, in patent documentation 1 in the invention of record, in the initial stage of processing, by forge make volume bigger compound intermediate raw material in described such patent documentation 1,2 in the above.Therefore, the processing load when making this compound intermediate raw material and comprising the drift of forging apparatus or mould such as supporting mould on the power that applies bigger, thereby the elastic deformation amount of forging apparatus various piece who comprises this mould is bigger.The result, be difficult to realize well gained compound intermediate raw material and by this compound intermediate raw material manufacturing be used to make foreign steamer and in the dimensional accuracy and the form accuracy of intermediate raw material of wheel, and then, be difficult to realize well the dimensional accuracy and the form accuracy of these foreign steamers and interior wheel.Particularly, if make the processing of making bulky above-mentioned compound intermediate raw material by cold forging, then the load that applies on above-mentioned mould etc. is excessive, thereby is difficult to guarantee the durability of this mould etc.Therefore, though can making by warm and hot forging or warm forging, the processing of above-mentioned compound intermediate raw material makes, still, when warm and hot forging or warm forging are made, poor regardless of thermal expansion amount in order to realize mould cooperation each other reliably, compared in the time of must making with cold forging and strengthens the gap of setting the auxiliary section.Therefore, be difficult to fully to guarantee gained compound intermediate raw material inside/outside diameter size and be shape, the dimensional accuracy at center with inside and outside two side faces concentricity to each other.As a result, even use in the described in front purposes that does not require too high rotation precision, still be difficult to fully to guarantee the dimensional accuracy and the vibration precision of the interior external diameter of the foreign steamer of gained and interior wheel.In addition, can not be formed for the fastening groove of outer peripheral edges fastening on two ends of foreign steamer inner peripheral surface,, therefore, can not fully reduce manufacturing cost because the processing of this fastening groove realizes by machining by plastic working with sealing plate.
In addition, in the invention of patent documentation 2 records, because the ring-type raw material are to obtain by cutting off the steel pipe of being made by hot extrusion, therefore, are difficult to fully guarantee this raw-material inside/outside diameter size and are the shape and size precision at center with inside and outside two side faces concentricity each other.As a result, be difficult to fully to guarantee the dimensional accuracy and the vibration precision of interior external diameter of the foreign steamer of gained.In addition, the cut-out steel pipe is comparatively loaded down with trivial details to form the raw-material operation of above-mentioned ring-type, and productivity ratio is bad, thereby has formed the reason that cost improves.In addition, must implement cutting on intermediate raw material, consider that from this respect cost is also higher based on decarburization at foreign steamer.
In addition, in patent documentation 3,4, put down in writing the manufacture method of radial ball bearing with rail wheel, in the method, push diameter less than the raw-material side face of the ring-type of the rail wheel that will make by plug, thereby the outer peripheral face shape transferred thereon that makes this plug is to the raw-material side face of above-mentioned ring-type, and, enlarge the raw-material diameter of this ring-type, form rail wheel with desired diameter.But in the previous methods of record, the dynamic instability of above-mentioned ring-type raw material under the state of pressing attached this plug can not make the shape of the outer peripheral face of this plug correctly be transferred on the raw-material side face of this ring-type in described patent documentation 3,4.In addition, also be difficult to fully to guarantee the roundness of the rail wheel of gained.Therefore, same, promptly be used in such purposes that does not require too high rotation precision noted earlier, still be difficult to fully to guarantee the dimensional accuracy etc. of the rail wheel of gained.In addition, in patent documentation 4, in the invention of record, the removal of material must be after plastic working, carried out, thereby the effect that cost reduces can be limited.
Therefore, in the present invention, then considered to guarantee the abundant precision in the practicality and obtained the rail wheel of configuration example as the radial ball bearing that does not require too high rotation precision that uses in the purposes as described in front with low cost.But,,, then fully guarantee to comprise the form accuracy of the high accuracy ring that forms these foreign steamers or interior wheel material and the dimensional accuracy of volume accuracy is important if consider the practical precision of the final radial ball bearing that obtains even in this case.
For the manufacture method of this endless member, in patent documentation 5, put down in writing by enforcement cold working on the cylindrical raw material being formed the invention of endless member.But, in above-mentioned patent documentation 5, in the invention of record, when cold working, can not carry out the restriction of axial dimension.Therefore, can not guarantee the precision and the volume accuracy of axial length of the endless member of gained.Therefore, only this endless member is implemented plastic deformation, be difficult to make practical rail wheel.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 5-277615 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 2001-150082 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens clear 59-212142 communique
Patent documentation 4: the spy opens clear 56-111533 communique
Patent documentation 5: the spy opens the 2000-94080 communique
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to that top situation makes, it provides a kind of radial ball bearing rail wheel and manufacture method thereof, can guarantee sufficient practical precision and obtain with low cost in wheel or foreign steamer, wheel or foreign steamer are configuration example as the rail wheel of the radial ball bearing that does not require too high rotation precision that uses in the purposes as described in front in this.
In addition, The present invention be directed to that top situation makes, it provides the manufacture method that is easy to make the high accuracy ring, this method can be formed for constituting the interior wheel of radial ball bearing or the raw material of foreign steamer by the cold working manufacturing, and, can fully guarantee the finally practical precision of the radial ball bearing of acquisition.
According to the 1st side of the present invention, the above-mentioned radial ball bearing that the is used for radial ball bearing manufacture method of rail wheel is provided, wherein, described radial ball bearing is provided with: rail wheel, it is made of in foreign steamer and the interior wheel at least one, the outer wheel track that described foreign steamer forms cross section circular arc along whole circumference at the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface is as orbital plane, described in wheel form the inner track wheel road of cross section circular arc as orbital plane at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face along whole circumference; With a plurality of balls, it can freedom rollably be arranged between above-mentioned inner track wheel road and the above-mentioned outer wheel track, it is characterized in that this method is provided with following operation:
High accuracy raw material manufacturing procedure, by cold working make volume in fact with as the radial ball bearing of finished product the identical cylindric high accuracy raw material of volume with rail wheel; With
The rail wheel manufacturing procedure makes these high accuracy raw material produce plastic deformation by cold working, forms above-mentioned orbital plane on the axial pars intermedia of above-mentioned any one side face,
At least before heat treatment, do not remove the processing of material.
According to the 2nd side that relates to the present invention the 1st side, after the rail wheel manufacturing procedure, orbital plane is carried out accurately machined finishing step by rolling processing.
According to the 3rd side that relates to the present invention the 2nd side, be arranged on the axial both ends of any one side face in the rail wheel sealing recess along whole circumference, when above-mentioned finishing step, carry out fine finishining simultaneously with orbital plane by rolling processing from the position of axial sandwich orbital plane.
According to the 4th side that relates to the present invention the 1st side, the above-mentioned rail wheel manufacturing procedure of the foreign steamer of above-mentioned ball bearing has following operation:
Form first operation of first intermediate raw material, shrink by the diameter that makes the in fact identical cylindric raw-material axial part of volume with the foreign steamer volume that will make, make the part of this contraction form external diameter in fact with the identical minor diameter part of above-mentioned foreign steamer external diameter, make the remainder that does not dwindle form large-diameter portion;
Form second operation of second intermediate raw material, in the axial pars intermedia inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material on the part corresponding with above-mentioned minor diameter part, the orbital plane curved surface of the cross section circular arc of at least a portion of wheel track outside the whole circumference formation formation of inner peripheral surface is above-mentioned, and, make consistent with the thickness distribution of the appropriate section of the foreign steamer that will make in abutting connection with above-mentioned orbital plane to axial with the radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the curved surface and the part of above-mentioned large-diameter portion side; With
The 3rd operation is shunk so that the external diameter of the large-diameter portion of last second intermediate raw material is consistent with the external diameter of above-mentioned minor diameter part the external diameter of above-mentioned large-diameter portion.
The 5th side of the 4th side according to the present invention, above-mentioned outer wheel track is a shallow/deep groove type;
By in above-mentioned the 3rd operation, shape and orbital plane are linked to each other with curved surface with this orbital plane with second curved surface with the track of curved surface symmetry be formed on the axial pars intermedia inner peripheral surface, thereby on the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface, form wheel track outside the above-mentioned shallow/deep groove type.
According to the 6th side that relates to the present invention the 5th side, above-mentioned manufacture method also has following operation:
Above-mentioned foreign steamer has the fastening slot part of outer peripheral edges portion fastening on the axial both ends of inner peripheral surface that is used for sealing plate,
Before above-mentioned first operation, on the raw-material axial both ends of high accuracy, form the front travel of internal diameter greater than the end difference of axial pars intermedia,
After the 3rd operation, this end difference is carried out plastic working to form the back operation of above-mentioned fastening slot part.
According to the 7th side that relates to the present invention the 6th side, it is provided with after the operation of above-mentioned back, and externally wheel track and two fastening slot parts carry out accurately machined finishing step simultaneously by rolling processing.
The 8th side of the 1st side according to the present invention, the above-mentioned rail wheel manufacturing procedure of interior wheel has following operation in the above-mentioned ball bearing:
First operation, by the raw-material diameter of above-mentioned cylindric high accuracy is shunk, on axial pars intermedia outer peripheral face, be formed on one side constituting the first orbital plane curved surface of cross section circular arc of the part in inner track wheel road, thus obtain this first orbital plane of clamping with curved surface, make an axial side half one form minor diameter part and make the intermediate raw material of axial second half formation large-diameter portion; With
Second operation, internal diameter as the above-mentioned minor diameter part of an axial side half one of above-mentioned intermediate raw material is extended to and the axial identical internal diameter of second half, and, with part that above-mentioned first track links to each other with curved surface on form the second orbital plane curved surface of the remainder that constitutes above-mentioned inner track wheel road.
According to the 9th side that relates to the present invention the 8th side,
Above-mentioned inner track wheel road is a shallow/deep groove type;
In above-mentioned manufacture method, above-mentioned rail wheel manufacturing procedure also has middle operation between first operation and second operation, in this operation, be processed into second intermediate raw material by an axial part of compressing above-mentioned intermediate raw material, on this second intermediate raw material, consistent with the distribution of the thickness of the appropriate section of the interior wheel that will make with above-mentioned first track in the axial direction with radial thickness distribution vertically in the part of curved surface adjacency
In above-mentioned second operation, on axial pars intermedia outer peripheral face, the part of curved surface raw material curved surface adjacency is used in utilization with above-mentioned first track of having stipulated thickness distribution in the operation in the middle of above-mentioned, make shape and above-mentioned first orbital plane with second orbital plane of curved surface symmetry with curved surface and above-mentioned first orbital plane with the curved surface formation that links to each other, thereby form above-mentioned shallow/deep groove type inner track wheel road at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face.
According to the 10th side that relates to the present invention the 9th side,
Wheel has on the axial both ends of outer peripheral face and is used for sliding-contact or relatively near a pair of sealing end difference of the inner peripheral portion of sealing plate in above-mentioned;
Above-mentioned manufacture method also has following operation:
Before above-mentioned first operation, on the raw-material axial both ends of above-mentioned high accuracy, form external diameter prepares intermediate raw material with formation less than the end difference of axial pars intermedia front travel; With
After above-mentioned second operation, this end difference is carried out plastic working to form the back operation of above-mentioned two sealings with end difference.
According to the 11st side that relates to the present invention the 10th side, also be provided with after the operation of above-mentioned back, internally wheel track and two sealings are carried out accurately machined finishing step with end difference simultaneously by rolling processing.
According to relating to the present invention the 12nd side, the manufacture method of a kind of radial ball bearing with rail wheel is provided, this ball bearing is cylindric and forms the orbital plane of cross section circular arc along whole circumference on the axial pars intermedia of any one side face that this method is provided with following operation:
Implement first cold forging and make processing to obtain first operation of first intermediate raw material, this first cold forging is made processing and is pushed in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric raw material of volume each other at a pair of mould of relative displacement vertically, change the diameter of this a raw-material axial side half one, make this an axial side half one form minor diameter part, making axially, second half one forms large-diameter portion;
Implement second cold forging and make second operation of processing, this second cold forging is made processing above-mentioned first intermediate raw material of extruding between another different with above-mentioned first operation of relative displacement vertically is to mould, forms the radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the part that will form above-mentioned orbital plane in this first intermediate raw material at least and corresponding to second intermediate raw material of thickness distribution of the part of the orbital plane that forms the rail wheel after finishing;
The 3rd operation, by making this second intermediate raw material rotation on one side, push the rolling processing of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral face of this second intermediate raw material on one side with approximating direction, make this second raw-material part radially produce plastic deformation, thereby form above-mentioned orbital plane.
According to the 13rd side that relates to the present invention the 12nd side, above-mentioned rail wheel has the fastening groove of circumference fastening on the axial both ends of the side face that forms orbital plane that is used for sealing plate,
Above-mentioned manufacture method has following operation:
Before above-mentioned first operation, on raw-material axial both ends, form radially more recessed than axial pars intermedia end difference prepares intermediate raw material with formation front travel; With
On above-mentioned end difference, form the 3rd operation of above-mentioned fastening groove.
According to the 14th side of the present invention, the manufacture method of radial ball bearing with rail wheel is provided, this ball bearing is cylindric and forms the orbital plane of cross section circular arc on as the axial pars intermedia of any one side face of processed lateral circle surface along whole circumference that this method is provided with following operation:
Prepare cylindric raw material, its volume is identical with the volume essence of finished product, and make an opposite side with the face that forms above-mentioned orbital plane side face, be that the diameter essence of the diameter of non-process side side face and finished product is identical,
By make above-mentioned non-process side side face in fact seamlessly be arranged on support unit on the support side side face cooperate, it is bearing on this support unit,
On above-mentioned processed lateral circle surface, process side side face along the corresponding to process side rotary part of this processed lateral circle surface shape of generatrix under above-mentioned raw-material radial compression shape of generatrix and the finished product state, and, make that this process side rotary part is relative with above-mentioned support unit to be rotated, thus above-mentioned processed lateral circle surface is processed into the shape of the finished product that has above-mentioned orbital plane at least.
According to the 15th side that relates to the present invention the 14th side, for on the axial both ends of the processed lateral circle surface of finished product, along whole circumference form radially than this processed lateral circle surface axially by the more recessed end difference of middle body, on the axial both ends of raw-material processed lateral circle surface, form end difference
Follow on above-mentioned two end differences the process side rotary part attached to the pressure of this processed lateral circle surface, these two end differences and orbital plane are processed simultaneously.
According to the 16th side that relates to the present invention the 15th side, be present on the axial both ends that are arranged on raw-material processed lateral circle surface two end differences and axially by the cascaded surface between the middle body, for to along with radially leaving the inclined plane that the approximating direction of non-process side side face tilts
Above-mentioned two cascaded surfaces with respect to the direction of above-mentioned raw-material orthogonality of center shaft on the angle of inclination of the imaginary plane that exists, greater than the angle of inclination of the cascaded surface on the pairing part of rail wheel that is present in after finishing, and below 15 degree.
According to the 17th side that relates to the present invention the 14th side, the raw-material axial both ends of the surface that are used to make rail wheel are for to along with leaving the inclined plane that the approaching mutually direction of non-process side side face tilts,
Above-mentioned axial both ends of the surface with respect to the direction of above-mentioned raw-material orthogonality of center shaft on the angle of inclination of the imaginary plane that exists below 20 degree.
According to the 18th side of the present invention, radial ball bearing is provided, have: rail wheel, it is made of in foreign steamer and the interior wheel at least one, the outer wheel track that described foreign steamer forms cross section circular arc along whole circumference at the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface is as orbital plane, described in wheel form the inner track wheel road of cross section circular arc as orbital plane at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face along whole circumference; With a plurality of balls, it can freedom rollably be arranged between above-mentioned inner track wheel road and the above-mentioned outer wheel track, it is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned radial ball bearing makes with cold working manufacturing and in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric high accuracy raw material of volume by cold working and produces plastic deformation, and the surface configuration that will comprise above-mentioned orbital plane is processed into identical with finished product in fact shape.
According to the 13rd side that relates to the present invention the 12nd side, cylindric and along the radial ball bearing rail wheel that forms the orbital plane of cross section circular arc on the axial pars intermedia of inherent any one side face of whole circumference scope,
It is by processing the cold rolling that makes in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric raw material of volume produce the formed intermediate raw material enforcement of plastic deformation, radially make at least a portion of this intermediate raw material produce plastic deformation, thereby the surface configuration that will comprise above-mentioned orbital plane is processed into identical with finished product in fact shape.
According to the 20th side that relates to the present invention the 19th side, the outer peripheral face of intermediate raw material is shaped as from the external diameter the best part to axial both ends of the surface, and this external diameter change direction does not reverse and do not have a shape of digging portion down; The inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned intermediate raw material be shaped as part from the internal diameter minimum to axial both ends of the surface, this internal diameter varies direction does not reverse and does not have a shape of digging portion down.
According to the 21st side of the present invention, the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring is provided, this method has following operation:
The constraint operation retrains greater than a side face in cylindric raw-material inside and outside two side faces of the volume of the high accuracy ring that will make volume, and its diameter is not changed;
Compression section, it can not retrain under the state of another side face at diameter with changing, vertically above-mentioned raw material are compressed by cold working, so that axial dimension is consistent with the axial dimension of above-mentioned high accuracy ring, form intermediate raw material, the clout part that surpasses the volume of this high accuracy ring in this intermediate raw material is dodged to the direction that above-mentioned another side face is radially expanded; With
Remove operation, remove above-mentioned clout part and make internal diameter, external diameter, axial length reach the cylindric ring of limits value with formation.
According to the 22nd side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, the above-mentioned operation of removing has:
Squeeze the strand operation, radial dimension at another side face side, by the crowded strand instrument consistent strand is squeezed by the clout portion that is present on this another side face with the radial dimension of the high accuracy ring that will make, make above-mentioned clout portion accumulate in the part that above-mentioned this another side face axis makes progress, thereby on this part, form radially outstanding flange shape portion, and make the diameter of remainder of above-mentioned another side face consistent with the radial dimension of high accuracy ring
After above-mentioned crowded strand operation, remove the operation of above-mentioned flange shape portion by stamping-out processing.
According to the 23rd side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, the above-mentioned operation of removing comprises the shave manufacturing procedure, at the radial dimension of another side face side, cut the clout portion that falls to being present on this another side face by the drift consistent with the radial dimension of the high accuracy ring that will make.
According to the 24th side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, above-mentioned manufacture method had following operation before the constraint operation:
Compress cylindric billet vertically to form the operation of discoideus intermediate raw material;
The central part that compresses above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material vertically is so that the operation of the axial shrinkage of central part;
Push the outer path portion of above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material backward and make it be deformed into extrusion process operation in rear cylindraceous by the relative direction of extrusion, be formed with second intermediate raw material of round-ended cylinder shape,
By the bottom of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material of stamping-out, form above-mentioned cylindric raw material.
According to the 25th side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, above-mentioned manufacture method had following operation before above-mentioned constraint operation, that is,, form above-mentioned cylindric raw material by changing the circular intermediate raw material of making by the stamping-out formed metal plate to the direction that cross sectional shape is turned round turn 90 degrees.
According to the 26th side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, the raw material of high accuracy ring when constituting interior wheel of radial ball bearing by the cold working manufacturing, a side face is an outer peripheral face, another side face is an inner peripheral surface.
According to the 27th side that relates to the present invention the 21st side, the high accuracy ring is the raw material when constituting the foreign steamer of radial ball bearing by the cold working manufacturing, and a side face is an inner peripheral surface, and another side face is an outer peripheral face.
According to the 28th side of the present invention, the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring is characterized in that having following operation:
Compression volume is greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make vertically, to form the axial width size in the big and outside operation of the discoideus intermediate raw material that reduces gradually of circumference of central portion;
Central portion at above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material forms circular hole to form the operation of the volume circular intermediate raw material identical with the volume of above-mentioned high accuracy ring; With
The outer path portion that makes above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material shrinks and inner path portion is expanded to radial outside to radially inner side, various piece by circumferencial direction on the cross section that makes above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material is parallel to axial counter-rotating manufacturing procedure, making above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length is the operation of the cylindric ring of limits value
The angle of above-mentioned counter-rotating processing is changed to below 90 degree.
According to the 29th side that relates to the present invention the 28th side, follow central portion to form circular hole at discoideus intermediate raw material, form recess at least one side in axial two sides of the part that should remove, thereby reduce the volume of this part of removing.
According to the 30th side that relates to the present invention the 29th side, above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material is formed by following operation:
For the discoideus intermediate raw material that is formed with recess, so that push vertically under the state that its external diameter does not enlarge, make the axial width size be contracted to appropriate value in its outer peripheral edges portion of constraint, and make the remainder of volume dodge operation to above-mentioned recess; With
The central portion of the above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material that comprises above-mentioned recess is carried out the operation of stamping-out.
According to the 31st side that relates to the present invention the 28th side, above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material is formed by following operation:
Form basic circular hole as the circular hole basis to form the operation of basic circular intermediate raw material at the central portion of discoideus intermediate raw material;
For the circular intermediate raw material in above-mentioned basis, the constraint its outer peripheral edges portion so that push vertically under the state that its external diameter does not enlarge, make the axial width size be contracted to appropriate value, and the remainder of volume is dodged to the operation of the inner peripheral portion of above-mentioned basic circular hole; With
Remove the operation of the above-mentioned remainder of the inner peripheral portion that is present in above-mentioned basic circular hole.
According to the 32nd side that relates to the present invention the 28th side, it is characterized in that, the outer peripheral edges portion of the discoideus intermediate raw material of state constraint that enlarges with the external diameter that stops this discoideus intermediate raw material, and, follow central portion to form circular hole at this discoideus intermediate raw material, only on an axial side of the part that should remove, form recess, reduce the volume of the part that should remove thus, and make being shaped as of above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material form the shape of the coniform concave surface of outer path portion component part of recess one side, i.e. truncated conical shape roughly, the counter-rotating that makes circular intermediate raw material form cylindric ring adds the angle variable quantity in man-hour less than 90 degree.
According to the 33rd side that relates to the present invention the 28th side, compressing billet shape raw material vertically when making discoideus intermediate raw material, by the radial side that retrains this raw material or process axial two ends of the preparation intermediate raw material that this raw material form, can prevent the enlarged-diameter of axial two ends of these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material, by remove the part of the axial both ends of the surface that comprise these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material at the central portion of the above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material that obtains, form circular hole to form circular intermediate raw material.
According to the 34th side of the present invention, be used for the manufacturing installation of the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring, wherein, this metal system high accuracy ring is made by this manufacture method, and this manufacture method is characterised in that,
Compression volume is greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make vertically, to form the axial width size in the big and outside operation of the discoideus intermediate raw material that reduces gradually of circumference of central portion;
Central part at above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material forms circular hole to form the volume circular raw-material operation identical with the volume of above-mentioned high accuracy ring;
The outer path portion of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material is shunk to radially inner side, and inner path portion is expanded to radial outside, various piece by circumferencial direction on the cross section that makes above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material is parallel to axial counter-rotating manufacturing procedure, and making above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length is the operation of the cylindric ring of limits value;
The angle of above-mentioned counter-rotating processing is changed to below 90 degree,
Compressing vertically billet shape raw material when making discoideus intermediate raw material; By to this raw material or the radial side of processing axial two ends of the preparation intermediate raw material that this raw material form retrain; The diameter that prevents axial two ends of these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material enlarges; By remove the part of the axial both ends of the surface that comprise above-mentioned raw material or preparation intermediate raw material at the central portion of the above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material that obtains; Form circular hole to form circular intermediate raw material
Described manufacturing installation has:
Fixed block;
Die, this die drops to when applying big pressure under the upper surface state of contact with this fixed block, elastic bearing above this fixed block, and, have free embedded billet shape raw material or process the downside centre bore of the bottom of the formed preparation intermediate raw material of these raw material;
Can pass the reverse drift of this downside centre bore with respect to this die up and down;
Annular punch, it is when applying big pressure with one heart on the part of the pressure head of the stamping machine above being arranged at die with this die, rise under the state of this pressure head lower surface of contact, elastic bearing and has the upper center hole of the upper end of free embedded above-mentioned billet shape raw material or above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material below this pressure head; With
Can pass the drift in this upper center hole with respect to this annular punch up and down.
According to the 35th side that relates to the present invention the 34th side, at least under the state before the discoideus intermediate raw material process finishing, oppositely drift can not be supported up and down with respect to fixed block, drift can not be supported up and down with respect to pressure head, under the state of the upper surface of the lower surface of die contact fixed block, the upper surface of above-mentioned reverse drift is present in than the more downward recessed position of the upper surface of this die, contact at the upper surface of annular punch under the state of lower surface of above-mentioned pressure head, above-mentioned drift is present in lower surface than this annular punch more to the position that is recessed on.
According to the 36th side of the present invention, the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring is provided, this method has following operation at least:
First intermediate raw material forms operation, at compression volume vertically greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make, and form circular hole at central portion radially, the cylindrical portion that has specific thickness size and regulation axial dimension in the central portion setting, and, the periphery that is formed on this cylindrical portion is provided with first intermediate raw material of the flange shape portion of outward flange shape respectively
Segmentation process, radially pars intermedia at this first intermediate raw material, and divide in the interface of the inner peripheral of the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned cylindrical portion and above-mentioned flange shape portion and to cut off this first intermediate raw material, with wherein by the part of cylindrical portion gained as the cylindric first high accuracy ring, will be from the part of above-mentioned flange shape gained as circular second intermediate raw material
The second high accuracy ring forms operation, and this operation is processed by the counter-rotating that the cross-wise direction that makes above-mentioned second intermediate raw material changes 90 degree, makes this second intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length be the cylindric second high accuracy ring of limits value.
According to the 37th side that relates to the present invention the 36th side, wherein: form in the operation at above-mentioned first intermediate raw material, by compressing raw-material axial two ends with mutual approaching direction, form the axial width size greater than the lug boss of outer part radially at central portion radially, peripheral part at this lug boss forms flange shape portion
The central portion of lug boss wherein crush vertically reducing the axial width of this central portion, and increase the axial width of the outer path portion of this lug boss, the part that has reduced thickness to above-mentioned central portion is carried out stamping-out and is formed circular hole afterwards.
According to the 38th side that relates to the present invention the 36th side, form in the operation at above-mentioned first intermediate raw material, by compressing raw-material axial two end central portions to reduce the axial width of this central portion with mutual approaching direction, thereby form axial two sides from flange shape portion to axially outstanding basic cylindrical portion, afterwards, the part that has reduced thickness to this central portion is carried out stamping-out and is formed circular hole.
According to the 39th side that relates to the present invention the 36th side, form between the operation at the above-mentioned segmentation process and the second high accuracy ring, be provided with following operation:
The constraint the second intermediate raw material outer peripheral edges portion so that under the state that the external diameter of this second intermediate raw material does not enlarge, carry out vertically this second intermediate raw material being compressed to the pier forging processing of specific thickness, make the clout parts of this second intermediate raw material flow to inner peripheral portion, afterwards, remove this inner peripheral portion and remove this clout part by running through processing, thereby make the volume of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material reach desirable value.
According to the 40th side that relates to the present invention the 36th side, the axial width size that is formed the flange shape portion that operation forms by the first high accuracy ring is by radially the central portion place is bigger, and outside more circumference is more little,
Form in the operation at the second high accuracy ring, the outer path portion of second intermediate raw material is shunk to radially inner side, and inner path portion is implemented counter-rotating processing with the direction that enlarges to radial outside.
The invention effect
Radial ball bearing of the present invention rail wheel and manufacture method thereof according to above-mentioned formation for example, can be used for foregoing purposes.Do not require the rail wheel of the radial ball bearing of too high running accuracy for formation, can fully guarantee the precision in the practicality and reduce manufacturing cost and obtain.
Promptly, for by cold working, make the volume cylindric raw material (high accuracy raw material) consistent produce plastic deformation and form above-mentioned rail wheel, can fully guarantee the form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of this rail wheel with the rail wheel volume that will make (when the fine finishining of material removal is followed in enforcement, having considered under the state of its allowance).
In addition, natural, by improving machining accuracy, the present invention can be used for comparing with foregoing purposes the more high-precision ball bearing rail wheel of requirement.
According to the manufacture method of the high accuracy ring of the present invention that constitutes in the above described manner, can with good stock utilization, easily and output capacity produce well and internal diameter, external diameter, axial dimension be restricted to appropriate value and make the central shaft of inner peripheral surface and the central shaft of the outer peripheral face high accuracy ring of strict conformance each other.As a result, can reduce the foreign steamer of the formation radial ball bearing of processing this high accuracy ring and making and the processing cost of interior wheel and also fully guarantee Practical Performance.
In addition, natural, by improving machining accuracy, the present invention is used in and compares the high accuracy ring that uses in the manufacturing of the more high-precision ball bearing of requirement with rail wheel with foregoing purposes.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A-1F is for showing the cutaway view of foreign steamer manufacturing procedure.
Fig. 2 A-2B adds the cutaway view of draw manufacturing procedure in the operation for showing foreign steamer.
Fig. 3 A-3B is for showing the cutaway view of internal diameter extrusion process operation.
Fig. 4 A-B forms the cutaway view of manufacturing procedure for showing the foreign steamer track.
Fig. 5 is for showing the cutaway view of sealing plate with the 1st example of the manufacturing procedure of fastening groove.
Fig. 6 has shown the cutaway view of its 2nd example.
Fig. 7 forms the side view of manufacturing procedure for showing foreign steamer processing China and foreign countries wheel track.
Fig. 8 A is イ-イ cutaway view of Fig. 7, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms the state after manufacturing procedure has just begun.
Fig. 8 B is イ-イ cutaway view of Fig. 7, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Fig. 9 is for showing the view identical with Fig. 7 of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Figure 10 A is ロ-ロ cutaway view of Fig. 9, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms manufacturing procedure and just begun state afterwards.
Figure 10 B is ロ-ロ cutaway view of Fig. 9, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 11 is for showing the view identical with Fig. 7 of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 12 A is Ha-Ha cutaway view of Figure 11, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms manufacturing procedure and just begun state afterwards.
Figure 12 B is Ha-Ha cutaway view of Figure 11, and it has shown that the foreign steamer track forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 13 A-13D is a cutaway view, and its order with operation has shown the state that foreign steamer is processed into cylindric intermediate raw material in rolling processing that passes through shown in the embodiments of the invention 6.
Figure 14 is the ト portion enlarged drawing of (B) among Figure 13.
Figure 15 A-15B is an intermediate raw material and cutaway view by the foreign steamer of this intermediate raw material gained.
Figure 16 A-16F is the cutaway view of the interior wheel manufacturing procedure of the demonstration embodiment of the invention 7.
Figure 17 A-17B is the cutaway view of draw manufacturing procedure in the wheel manufacturing procedure in showing.
Figure 18 A-18B is for showing the cutaway view of internal diameter extrusion process operation.
Figure 19 A-19B forms the cutaway view of manufacturing procedure for showing the inner track wheel road.
Figure 20 is for showing the cutaway view of sealing with the 1st example of the manufacturing procedure of end difference.
Figure 21 has shown the cutaway view of its 2nd example (embodiment 8).
Figure 22 forms the side view of manufacturing procedure for inner track wheel road in the wheel manufacturing procedure in showing.
Figure 23 A is ニ-ニ cutaway view of Figure 22, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms the state after manufacturing procedure has just begun.
Figure 23 B is ニ-ニ cutaway view of Figure 22, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 24 is for showing the view identical with Figure 22 of the embodiment of the invention 10.
Figure 25 A is ホ-ホ cutaway view of Figure 24, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms manufacturing procedure and just begun state afterwards.
Figure 25 B is ホ-ホ cutaway view of Figure 24, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 26 is for showing the view identical with Figure 22 of the embodiment of the invention 11.
Figure 27 A is ヘ-ヘ cutaway view of Figure 26, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms manufacturing procedure and just begun state afterwards.
Figure 27 B is ヘ-ヘ cutaway view of Figure 26, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 28 is for showing the side view of embodiments of the invention 12.
Figure 29 A is チ-チ cutaway view of Figure 28, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms manufacturing procedure and is about to begin state before.
Figure 29 B is チ-チ cutaway view of Figure 28, and it has shown that the inner track wheel road forms the state of manufacturing procedure before closing to an end.
Figure 30 A-30B is for showing intermediate raw material and cutaway view by the interior wheel of this intermediate raw material gained.
Figure 31 A-31G is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 13.
Figure 32 is presented at the cutaway view that the clout that carries out among the embodiment 13 produces the enforcement situation of processing.
Figure 33 A-33F is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 14.
Figure 34 produces the cutaway view of the enforcement situation of processing for showing the clout among the embodiment 15.
Figure 35 A-35F is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiment 16.
Figure 36 A-36C is the cutaway view that is presented at the enforcement situation of the counter-rotating processing of carrying out among the embodiment 16.
Figure 37 A-37E is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 17.
Figure 38 A-38E is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 18.
Figure 39 A-39C is the cutaway view that is presented at the enforcement situation of the counter-rotating processing of carrying out among the embodiment 18.
Figure 40 A-40E is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 19.
Figure 41 is the cutaway view of the enforcement situation of the pressure-sizing processing among the demonstration embodiment 19.
Figure 42 A-42F is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 20.
Figure 43 A-43E is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of this embodiment 21 of demonstration.
Figure 44 A-44C is for showing the cutaway view of the concrete situation of the manufacturing procedure of a part among this embodiment 21.
Figure 45 A-45H is the cutaway view of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 22.
Figure 46 A-46C is for showing the cutaway view of the concrete situation of the manufacturing procedure of a part among this embodiment 22.
Figure 47 A-47B is used to illustrate the effect of this embodiment 22, the ideograph of effect.
Figure 48 A-48F is the cutaway view of the leading portion of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 23.
Figure 49 A-49C is for showing the cutaway view of its back segment.
Figure 50 is the cutaway view of the concrete enforcement situation of demonstration pressure-sizing operation.
Figure 51 A-51C is for showing the cutaway view of the enforcement situation that counter-rotating is processed.
Figure 52 A-52F is the phantom of the manufacturing procedure of demonstration embodiments of the invention 24.
Figure 53 is the partially cutaway view of 1 example of the radial ball bearing that shows the rail wheel of packing into.
Label declaration
Wheel in 1 radial ball bearing 2, the 2a foreign steamer 3
4 balls, 5 outer wheel track, 6 inner track wheel roads
7 retainers, 8 high accuracy raw material, 9 preparation intermediate raw materials
10 first intermediate raw materials, 11 second intermediate raw materials 12 the 3rd intermediate raw material
13 end differences, 14 dies, 15 machining holes
16 large-diameter portions, 17 drifts, 18 minor diameter parts
19 curved face part, 20 convex curved surfaces 21,21a concave curved surface
22 stripper rings, 23 dies, 24 machining holes
25 oppositely encircle 26 drifts, 27 minor diameter parts
28 large-diameter portions, 29 convex curved surfaces, 30 dies
31 machining holes, 32 minor diameter parts, 33 large-diameter portions
34 drifts, 35 curved face part, 36 curved face part
37,37a plug 38 fastening grooves 39 outside rollers
40 inner roller 41a, 41b annular punch 122,122a, 122b die
129, connect roller in the external roller 130 of 129a, 129b
131 processing curve portions, 132 convex curved surfaces, 133 prominent bars
134 fastening grooves 135,135a plug 136 process side side faces
137 end differences 138,138a cascaded surface 139,139a end face
213 end differences, 214 dies, 215 machining holes
216 large-diameter portions, 217 drifts, 218 minor diameter parts
219 convex curved surfaces, 220 convex curved surfaces 221,221a concave curved surface
222 stripper rings, 223 dies, 224 machining holes
225 oppositely encircle 226 drifts, 227 minor diameter parts
228 large-diameter portions, 229 convex curved surfaces, 230 dies
231 machining holes, 232 drifts
233 minor diameter parts, 234 large-diameter portions
235 annular punch, 236 curved face part, 237 curved face part
238 curved face part, 239 containers, 240 sealing end differences
241 forming rolls, 242 axle 312a end differences
Connect roller in 329c, 329d, the external roller 330a of 329e
The 331a processing curve 332a of portion convex curved surface 335 plugs
340 axles, 341 rollers, 413 billets
414 first intermediate raw materials, 415 second intermediate raw materials 416 the 3rd intermediate raw material
417 dies 418,418a, 418b drift 419 protuberances
420 tabular surfaces 421 the 4th intermediate raw material 422,422a centre bore
The 5th intermediate raw material 425 guide pins portions of 423 clout portions 424
26 discoideus raw material 427 first intermediate raw materials 428 second intermediate raw materials
429 dies, 430 drifts, 431 large-diameter portions
432 minor diameter parts, 433 flexure planes, 513 discoideus raw material
514 intermediate raw materials, 515 endless members, 516 dies
518 large-diameter portions, 519 minor diameter part in 517
520 flexure planes, 521 billets 522, the discoideus intermediate raw material of 522a
523,523a recess
524,524a, 524b, 524c, the 524d second discoideus intermediate raw material
525 circular holes 526, the discoideus intermediate raw material of 526a, 526b
527 dies, 528 circular holes
529 drifts 530,530a basis circular hole
531, the circular intermediate raw material 532 preparation intermediate raw materials in 531a, 531b basis
533 fixed blocks, 534 dies
535 reverse drift 536 annular punch
537 drifts 538,538a elastomeric element 539 downside centre bores
Recess 541 pressure heads 542 upper center holes are used in 540 processing
543 thick wall parts, 544 waste materials, 545 dies
The reverse drift of 546 drifts 547 548 inclination annulus portions
613 billets, 614 first high accuracy rings, 615 second high accuracy rings
616 preparation intermediate raw materials, 617 second preparation intermediate raw materials, 618 lug bosses
619 flange shape 620 the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 621 cylindric parts
622 circular holes, 623 first intermediate raw materials, 624 cylindrical portion
625 waste materials, 627 second intermediate raw materials, 629 dies
630 circular holes, 631 drifts, 632 circular holes
633 the 4th preparation intermediate raw materials, 634 dies
635 drifts, 636 large-diameter portions, 637 minor diameter parts
638 flexure planes, 639 second preparation intermediate raw material 640a, 640a spill circular hole
641 the 3rd preparation intermediate raw materials, 642 lug bosses, 643 partition board portion
644 circular holes, 645 cylindrical portion, 646 first intermediate raw materials
647 first high accuracy rings, 648 end differences
The specific embodiment
Utilize Fig. 1～53 pair embodiments of the present invention to describe.Below, utilize the manufacture method of Fig. 1～30 pair rail wheel to describe.Afterwards, the manufacture method of utilizing Figure 31～53 pair to be suitable for the high accuracy ring of this rail wheel manufacturing describes.
The manufacture method of rail wheel at first, is described.
The formation method of rail wheel of the present invention is divided into 5 operations.That is, end difference forms the 3rd operation of the 1st operation of processing, the 2nd operation of draw processing, interior external diameter extrusion process, the 4th operation of track formation processing and the 5th operation of sealing surface processing.It is one of feature of the application that any operation all adopts cold working.Under the situation of 5 operations implementing to be undertaken,, there is the described embodiment in back according in which operation, being suitable for rolling processing by this cold working.
Rail wheel has foreign steamer and interior wheel.Therefore, in following embodiment, the manufacture method to foreign steamer describes earlier, and afterwards, internally the manufacture method of wheel describes again.The embodiment that relates to the foreign steamer manufacture method is embodiment 1～6 and Fig. 1～15.The embodiment of wheel manufacture method is embodiment 7～12 and Figure 16～30 in relating to.
The 1st embodiment and the 7th embodiment do not implement the embodiment of whole operations for do not use rolling processing respectively in the manufacturing process of foreign steamer, interior wheel.
The 2nd embodiment and the 8th embodiment are the embodiment that uses rolling processing respectively in the 5th operation in foreign steamer, interior wheel manufacturing process.
The 3rd～5 embodiment and the 9th～11 embodiment are the embodiment that uses rolling processing respectively in the 4th, 5 operations in the manufacturing process of foreign steamer, interior wheel.
The the 6th and the 12nd embodiment is the embodiment that uses rolling processing respectively in the 2nd～5 operation in the manufacturing process of foreign steamer, interior wheel.
In a word, for any embodiment, the 1st operation all is to implement by the punch process between the mould.Below, each embodiment is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
At first, being example with embodiment 1～6 describes the formation method of foreign steamer of the present invention.
Fig. 1～6 have shown embodiments of the invention 1.The invention is characterized in: making the volume cylindrical shape high accuracy raw material 8 (referring to Fig. 1 (A)) identical afterwards in advance with the volume essence of foreign steamer 2a (referring to Fig. 1 (F)), make these high accuracy raw material 8 produce plastic deformation by cold working, thereby form above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.Be not particularly limited though make the method for this high accuracy raw material 8, still, well consider, preferably cut off long wire rod (coiled material) and implement plastic working by cold working with specific length with the aspect that reduces manufacturing cost from the effective rate of utilization of guaranteeing material.Perhaps, also can and its cross sectional shape be turned round and turn 90 degrees, form above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 with circular stamping-out sheet material.Make high accuracy raw material 8 by any one method, all can make these high accuracy raw material 8 produce plastic deformation by cold working in the operation below, thereby form above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.
Under the situation of present embodiment, by second intermediate raw material 11 shown in the preparation intermediate raw material 9 shown in the above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 shown in Fig. 1 (A), Fig. 1 (B), first intermediate raw material 10 shown in Fig. 1 (C), Fig. 1 (D), the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 shown in Fig. 1 (E), form the foreign steamer 2a shown in Fig. 1 (F).Below, in order to each operation and describe.
When making above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 form above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material, in the outer peripheral face that makes these high accuracy raw material 8 is embedded in the inner peripheral surface of not shown pressure die, and inner circumferential surface is embedded to outward under the state on the plug, along whole circumference the front end face of not shown drift is pressed on half part of internal side diameter of axial (above-below direction of Fig. 1) two end faces that are attached to these high accuracy raw material 8.As a result, half part of the internal side diameter of the axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 is recessed vertically, thereby obtains to have in this part the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of end difference 13,13.At this moment, follow to form these two end differences 13,13 towards the rapidoprint of (left and right directions of Fig. 1) flows outside radially, outstanding vertically and absorb by half parts of outside diameter of described axial two ends.In addition, the external diameter of the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material of making by this way 9 is greater than the external diameter of the foreign steamer 2a that will make.
Therefore, implement to make the diameter of the part (removing the part of an axial end (upper end of Fig. 1)) of preparation intermediate raw material 9 to be contracted to the draw processing of the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a to above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9.This draw operation is carried out in mode shown in Figure 2.
At first, in the mode of (A), this preparation intermediate raw material 9 is embedded in the large-diameter portion 16 that (being configured in) be arranged at the machining hole 15 on the die 14.Below, in the mode shown in (B), above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 is pressed into the depths of above-mentioned machining hole 15 by drift 17.This machining hole 15 is to form with the minor diameter part 18 that is arranged on these large-diameter portion 16 inboards by connect above-mentioned large-diameter portion 16 with smooth surface portion 19.In addition, make the internal diameter of this minor diameter part 18 consistent with the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.Therefore, make by above-mentioned drift 17 and be pressed into external diameter contraction a part of in the preparation intermediate raw material 9 of the above-mentioned minor diameter part 18 that is present in above-mentioned machining hole 15 inside, become and the corresponding to state of the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, thereby form above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10.
In addition, in the example shown in the figure, by on the part of the front end face of above-mentioned drift 17, forming convex curved surface 20, thereby on the part of the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10, form the circular-arc concave curved surface 21 in cross section along whole circumference.It is to carry out in the processing initial stage that makes above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 form above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 that above-mentioned drift 17 forms this concave curved surface 21.Therefore,, the external diameter that makes a part of preparing intermediate raw material 9 as mentioned above forms first intermediate raw material 10 for shrinking, in the process of the operation that above-mentioned external diameter is shunk, except above-mentioned initial stage, machining stress only is applied to the contact site of the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned curved face part 19 and above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9.Therefore, but the plastic working precision of the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 that the curved face part 19 by above-mentioned machining hole 15 realizes carry out well.(consider that with reference to Fig. 1 (F) or precision aspect Fig. 7) it is important that precision is carried out this part processing well from the outer wheel track of guaranteeing to obtain 5.The back will be elaborated at this point.By stripper rings 22, from above-mentioned machining hole 15, extrude this first intermediate raw material 10 of making by this way, and it is delivered to subsequent processing.
In this subsequent processing, for the inner peripheral surface at above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 form outside axial half part (the latter half of Fig. 1) of wheel track 5, should implement the internal diameter extrusion process.This internal diameter extrusion process is to carry out in mode shown in Figure 3.
At first, in the mode shown in (A), above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 is embedded in the machining hole 24 that is arranged in the die 23, and makes an axial end face (lower surface of Fig. 3) of this first intermediate raw material 10 abut to the front end face (upper surface of Fig. 3) that (being configured in) inserts the reverse ring 25 in this machining hole 24.In this state, the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 seamlessly contacts the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned machining hole 24, and its axial end face seamlessly contacts the front end face of above-mentioned reverse ring 25.And, should strictly limit oppositely ring 25 and the position relation of above-mentioned die 23 on axial (vertical direction of Fig. 3).
If dispose above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10 in the above described manner, then subsequently, in the mode shown in (B), the inner peripheral surface by 26 pairs of above-mentioned first intermediate raw materials 10 of drift squeezes strand.The leading section of this drift 26 is a minor diameter part 27, can (under the state of strict restriction concentricity) oppositely encircle 25 generation axial displacements with respect to this under seamlessly inserting the reverse state that encircles in 25.And, connect this minor diameter part 27 and be arranged on by the large-diameter portion 28 concentric on cardinal extremity (upside of the deflection Fig. 3) part with this minor diameter part 27 by convex curved surface 29.The cross sectional shape of this convex curved surface 29 is the corresponding to circular arc of cross sectional shape with axial half part of the above-mentioned above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 that needs processing.In the extrusion process of above-mentioned internal diameter, make convex curved surface 29 butts of above-mentioned drift 26 be present in above-mentioned concave curved surface 21 on the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10, thereby the shape to this concave curved surface 21 is corrected, and, make this concave curved surface 21 move to assigned position place (inner path portion is squeezed strand) to an axial end of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 10.
As a result, obtain having above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 as the concave curved surface 21a of axial half part of wheel track outside above-mentioned 5 in the axial end parts of the deflection of inner peripheral surface.When making this second intermediate raw material 11 in this way, the shape of correcting concave curved surface 21 in the above described manner and move it to assigned position to form in the crowded strand operation process as the concave curved surface 21a of axial half part of wheel track above-mentioned outside 5, machining stress only is applied to the contact site of above-mentioned convex curved surface 29 and above-mentioned concave curved surface 21.Therefore, can precision carry out well the above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 of formation that realizes by this convex curved surface 29 axial half part, be the plastic working of concave curved surface 21a.Be provided with the axial end parts of deflection (the latter half of Fig. 3 (B)) of this concave curved surface 21a by this way in above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 of Zhi Zaoing) the shape basically identical of shape and the appropriate section of the foreign steamer 2a that will make.In addition, add man-hour at the above-mentioned draw shown in Figure 2, be processed into the part of stairstepping by the curved face part on the pars intermedia that is arranged on machining hole 15 19, when being through with above-mentioned internal diameter extrusion process shown in Figure 3, radial thickness distribution in the axial direction is consistent with the distribution (having considered to follow described below foreign steamer trade shape to add the wall thickness change of reduced in man-hour) of the appropriate section of the foreign steamer 2a that will make.Therefore, should add man-hour by the above-mentioned draw shown in Figure 2 of strict restriction, the shape of above-mentioned curved face part 19 and above-mentioned drift 17 are to the insertion amount of above-mentioned die 14 (and shape of the curved face part 35 of the machining hole 31 of the described die 30 shown in Figure 4 in back).By above-mentioned reverse ring 25, squeeze out above-mentioned second intermediate raw material of making in this way 11 from above-mentioned machining hole 24, and it is delivered to subsequent processing.
In this subsequent processing, the external diameter of the axial other end of deflection (by the upper end of Fig. 3～Fig. 4) part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is shunk, go forward side by side and exercise external diameter (removing the chamfered section of two end edge portions) and reach evenly, and process in the foreign steamer track formation that inner peripheral surface forms above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 in whole entire axial length.This foreign steamer track forms processing and carries out in mode shown in Figure 4.
At first, in the mode shown in (A), make above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 be embedded in (being configured in) and be arranged in the machining hole 31 on the die 30.At this moment, in gapless mode, the minor diameter part that is partially submerged into above-mentioned machining hole 21 32 that external diameter in this second intermediate raw material 11 has been shunk, and in gapless mode, with being partially submerged in the large-diameter portion 33 of not shrinking.Then, in the mode of (B),, above-mentioned whole second intermediate raw material 11 is pressed in the minor diameter part 32 of above-mentioned machining hole 31 inboards by drift 34.
As this result who is pressed into operation, by connecting the curved face part 35 of above-mentioned large-diameter portion 33 and above-mentioned minor diameter part 32, above-mentioned part of not shrinking to be handled, the external diameter of this part also is shrunk to and the corresponding to state of the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.Simultaneously, the axially concave curved surface 36 of other half part of wheel track 5 outside the internal side diameter formation formation of this part is above-mentioned.That is, in the above described manner, above-mentioned also the distribution in the axial direction of the radial thickness of constriction is not consistent with the distribution (having considered to shrink wall thickness recruitment together with making diameter) of the appropriate section of the foreign steamer 2a that will make.Therefore, if make the external diameter of this part be shrunk to the state consistent, then form the cross sectional shape of inner peripheral surface side, thereby form above-mentioned concave curved surface 36 in axially other half corresponding to mode of part with above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 with the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.This concave curved surface 36 links to each other with above-mentioned concave curved surface 21, constitutes the above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 of shallow/deep groove type, thereby forms above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12.
The 3rd intermediate raw material 12 that obtains is in this way implemented fine finishining, on the axial both ends of inner peripheral surface, be formed for the fastening groove of the outer peripheral edges portion of fastening sealing plate.The processing operation of this fastening groove is carried out in the mode shown in Fig. 5 (the 1st embodiment) or Fig. 6 (the 2nd embodiment).
The method of the 1st embodiment wherein shown in Figure 5, under the state of the internal side diameter that suppresses above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 with a pair of plug 37a, 37b, carry out the punch process of vertically the outer path portion of the axial both ends of the surface of the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 being pushed by a pair of annular punch 41a, 41b.By this punch process, the outer path portion of axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 with vertically inwardly and the mode of radially pouring into inwardly produce plastic deformation, and be formed for the fastening groove 38,38 of the outer peripheral edges portion of fastening sealing plate in above-mentioned two step portion, 13,13 parts, to form foreign steamer 2a.
Embodiment 2
In addition, the method for embodiment 2 shown in Figure 6 is rolling processing, between the outer peripheral face with the inner peripheral surface of eccentric state arrangement each other and the outside roller 39 that rotates along equidirectional and inner roller 40, pushes above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 from the radial direction both sides.The inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned outside roller 39 is simple barrel surface, and supports the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12.Relative therewith, the cross sectional shape of the axial pars intermedia of the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned inner roller 40 is consistent with the cross sectional shape of the inner peripheral surface of the above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a that will make.Under the situation of present embodiment, by above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 of clamping between the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral face of such inner roller 40 and above-mentioned outside roller 39, and to these outside roller 39 these inner roller 40 of pushing, with the shape transferred thereon of the pars intermedia outer peripheral face of this inner roller 40 inner peripheral surface to above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12, and the characteristic of above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 adjusted (fine finishining), and be formed for the fastening groove 38,38 of the outer peripheral edges portion of fastening sealing plate at this inner peripheral surface and axial both ends.
In addition, also can after implementing method shown in Figure 5, implement method shown in Figure 6 (making up two kinds of methods).
Forming under the situation of fastening groove 38,38,, should on the foreign steamer 2a of gained, implement heat treatment (quenching) in order to make above-mentioned outer wheel track 5 partially hardeneds to guarantee rolling fatigue life by any one method.To implement heat treated foreign steamer 2a and directly make up, thereby form radial ball bearing shown in Figure 71 with interior wheel 3 and ball 4,4.In addition, when vibration in the time of must lowly suppressing to rotate in essential rotation precision or when rotating and noise, after above-mentioned heat treatment, should outside above-mentioned, implement the grinding that is used to improve surface smoothness on wheel track 5 parts.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 7～8 have shown embodiments of the invention 3.In the present embodiment, carry out simultaneously by rolling processing that the rail wheel as the 4th, 5 operations forms processing in the foregoing description 1, the sealing surface face forms processing.That is,, second intermediate raw material 11 shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 D is processed into the foreign steamer 2a shown in Fig. 1 F without Fig. 1 E.Therefore, constitute the external roller 129a of rolling processing unit (plant) with circular formation.Afterwards, under the state of rotary middle spindle that is arranged in parallel and make under the mutually eccentric state of rotary middle spindle will in connect the inboard that roller 130 inserts these external roller 129a.Add man-hour in the rolling that is used for above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into foreign steamer 2a, press against the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned external roller 129a and make its rotation connecing roller 130 in above-mentioned.Because the structure and the effect of other parts are identical with the foregoing description 1, the Therefore, omited diagram and the explanation of repetition.
Form in the process at rail wheel as the 4th, 5 operations, carry out the foreign steamer track and form processing, promptly increase the external diameter of the axial other end of deflection (by the lower end of Fig. 8) part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, external diameter (except the chamfered section of two end edge portions) is reached evenly in entire axial length, and on inner peripheral surface, form above-mentioned outside wheel track 5.This foreign steamer track forms processing and is undertaken by Fig. 7～rolling processing shown in Figure 8.
The processing of this rolling by radially external roller 129 parallel to each other and that can support in opposite direction with rotating relatively freely and in connect a part of pushing the circumferencial direction of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 between the roller 130 and carry out.External roller 129 wherein is that heavy wall is discoideus, and is suppressing free rotation ground supporting under the state of radial displacement, and has width and (with rotary middle spindle parallel) the cylindric outer peripheral face bigger than the foreign steamer 2a width (axial length) that will make.In addition, connect roller 130 in above-mentioned for cylindrical, and, the processing curve portion 131 of the cross sectional shape (shape of generatrix) consistent on the part of outer peripheral face, had with the inner peripheral surface cross sectional shape (shape of generatrix) of the foreign steamer 2a that will make.In addition, connecing roller 130 in above-mentioned pushes on the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 129 by not shown driving mechanism and dipper crowding gear and is freely driven rotation.
When above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 being processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, in that being embedded to loosely, this second intermediate raw material 11 connects under the state of roller 130 in above-mentioned, push and drive its rotation with connecing roller 130 in this towards the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 129.Above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 by connect in above-mentioned roller 130, with this in connect roller 130 equidirectionals and rotate with it, and, pressed on the outer peripheral face that is attached to above-mentioned external roller 129.Therefore, this external roller 129 with above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 and above-mentioned in connect the opposite direction of roller 130 with its motion (rotation).Afterwards, each other, radially the last branch of the circumferencial direction of this second intermediate raw material 11 is pushed at the outer peripheral face of these two rollers 129,130.In addition, the radially part of extruding variation continuously along the circumferential direction in this way.As a result, enlarge the diameter of the axial other end part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material, 11 deflections gradually, contact the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 129 until it.
In the enlarged-diameter of finishing the axial other end part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material, 11 deflections, make after the external diameter (except the chamfered section of edges at two ends portion) of this second intermediate raw material 11 all reaches evenly on whole axial length, make the inner peripheral surface of the shape transferred thereon of the processing curve portion 131 that connects roller 130 in above-mentioned to above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11.This processing curve portion 131 on its axial central portion, be provided be used to form above-mentioned outside the circular-arc convex curved surface 132 in cross section of wheel track 5.In addition, be formed for processing the prominent bar 133,133 of fastening groove on axial both ends, described fastening groove is used for outer peripheral edges fastening with sealing strip at above-mentioned each end difference 12,12.Therefore, under with the shape transferred thereon of above-mentioned processing curve portion 131 state to the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, obtain above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, this foreign steamer the axial central portion of inner peripheral surface be provided with above-mentioned outside wheel track 5, and be provided with fastening groove 134,134 at its both ends.Therefore, according to present embodiment, with the sealing surface formation operation of carrying out simultaneously as the rail wheel formation operation of the 4th operation as the 5th operation.
Embodiment 4
Fig. 9～10 have shown embodiments of the invention 4.Embodiment 4 is the variation of the foregoing description 3.Under the situation of present embodiment, with the external roller 129a of circular formation, this external roller has constituted the rolling processing unit (plant) that is used for second intermediate raw material 11 shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 D is processed into the foreign steamer 2a shown in Fig. 1 F.In addition, under the state of rotary middle spindle that is arranged in parallel and make under the eccentric each other state of rotary middle spindle will in connect the inboard that roller 130 inserts these external roller 1 29a.Add man-hour in the rolling that is used for above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, will connect on the inner peripheral surface that roller 130 presses against above-mentioned external roller 129a in above-mentioned and make its rotation.Because the structure and the effect of other parts are identical with the foregoing description 3, the Therefore, omited diagram and the explanation of repetition.
Embodiment 5
Figure 11～12 have shown embodiments of the invention 5.Embodiment 5 is the variation of the foregoing description 3.Under the situation of present embodiment, with the external roller 129b of circular formation, this external roller has constituted the rolling processing unit (plant) that is used for second intermediate raw material 11 shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 D is processed into the foreign steamer 2a shown in Fig. 1 F, and, make the internal diameter of this external roller 129b consistent with the external diameter of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a (maximum gauge of=above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11).In addition, under the state of rotary middle spindle that is arranged in parallel and make under the eccentric each other state of rotary middle spindle will in connect the inboard that roller 130 inserts these external roller 129b.Add man-hour in the rolling that is used for above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, these second intermediate raw material, 11 non-loosenings are embedded under the state among the above-mentioned external roller 129b, will are connecing on the inner peripheral surface that roller 130 presses against this external roller 129b in above-mentioned and make its rotation.Because the structure and the effect of other parts are identical with the foregoing description 3 and embodiment 4, the Therefore, omited diagram and the explanation of repetition.
Embodiment 6
Figure 13～15 have shown embodiments of the invention 6.In the present embodiment, implement the 2nd operation～the 5th operation simultaneously by rolling processing.Under the situation of present embodiment, do not carry out the internal diameter extrusion process shown in the undergauge operation shown in Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D, only carry out the processing towards the foreign steamer 2a shown in Fig. 1 F from the preparation intermediate raw material 9 shown in above-mentioned Figure 1B by rolling processing.That is, under the situation of present embodiment, the preparation intermediate raw material 9 shown in Figure 15 A seamlessly is embedded among the die 122b of Figure 13 as support unit～shown in Figure 14.That is, make as the outer peripheral face of the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of non-process side side face along overall circumferential contact as the inner peripheral surface of the above-mentioned die 122b of support side side face or with its near and be oppositely arranged.In this state, will press on the inner peripheral surface that is attached to as the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of processed lateral circle surface, obtain above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a thus as the outer peripheral face of the plug 135a of process side side face.The process side rotatable parts of this plug 135a in claims, putting down in writing.The volume that makes above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 is equal to each other with volume as this foreign steamer 2a of finished product.In addition, the outer diameter D of this preparation intermediate raw material 9 9Outer diameter D with this foreign steamer 2a 2a(D about equally 9 D 2a).In addition, the width W of this preparation intermediate raw material 9 9Width W with this foreign steamer 2a 2a(W about equally 9 W 2a).
Above-mentioned die 122 for circular and have in fact can seamlessly embedded above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 internal diameter, and, stoping under the state of radially displacement, it is free to rotately by not shown support part supports.In addition, above-mentioned plug 135a has the external diameter that can freely plug at this internal side diameter for preparing intermediate raw material 9 and foreign steamer 2a.In addition, the part relative with described die 122b inner peripheral surface is provided as the processed lateral circle surface under finished product state, the i.e. corresponding to process side side face 136 of the shape of generatrix of the inner peripheral surface of shape of generatrix and above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a on the pars intermedia outer peripheral face of above-mentioned plug 135a.This plug 135a is driven by not shown drive unit and rotates, and, suppressed inner peripheral surface by same not shown pressurizing unit to above-mentioned die 122b.
When above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 being processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, at first,, preparation intermediate raw material 9 such shown in Figure 15 A seamlessly is embedded among the above-mentioned die 122b in the mode shown in Figure 13 A.In addition, on axial two ends of the inner peripheral surface of this preparation intermediate raw material 9, form end difference 137,137 respectively.These each end differences 137,137 are followed the processing of being undertaken by above-mentioned plug 135a and above-mentioned die 122b, form end difference on the inner peripheral surface of the both ends of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, and described end difference has the fastening groove of the outer peripheral edges portion that is used for the fastening sealing ring.There is cascaded surface 138,138 respectively in axially leaning between the middle body of inner peripheral surface at described two end differences 137,137 and above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9.These two cascaded surfaces the 138, the 138th are to the inclined plane that tilts towards the close mutually direction of radially inner side.
With respect to the direction of the orthogonality of center shaft of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 on the imaginary plane that exists, the tilt angle alpha of above-mentioned two cascaded surfaces 138,138 with the relation control of the inclination angle beta that is present in cascaded surface 138a, 138a on the pairing part of foreign steamer 2a after finishing shown in Figure 15 B.Promptly, the inclination angle beta of cascaded surface 138a, the 138a of foreign steamer 2a after finishing is limited in below 15 degree, following (α＞the β of big 15 degree of the inclination angle beta of cascaded surface 138a, the 138a of foreign steamer 2a after finish than this at the angle of inclination of the cascaded surface 138,138 of above-mentioned intermediate raw material 9, β≤15 degree, alpha-beta≤15 degree).In addition, with regard to the axial both ends of the surface 139,139 of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, also form the inclined plane that tilts to towards the close mutually direction of radially inner side.And, with above-mentioned axial both ends of the surface 139,139 relatively with the direction of the orthogonality of center shaft of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 on the angle of inclination γ of the imaginary plane that exists be limited in 20 degree following (γ≤20 degree).
Above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 non-loosenings are embedded among the above-mentioned die 122b, subsequently, in the mode shown in Figure 13 B, above-mentioned plug 135a is inserted in the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, and limit the axial location of these preparation intermediate raw materials 9 and plug 135a.In addition, in the present embodiment, the external diameter of this preparation intermediate raw material 9 from beginning just with finish after the external diameter of foreign steamer 2a basic identical.Therefore, with the invention of opening clear 59-212142 record with above-mentioned patent documentation spy, promptly enlarge and compare when raw-material diameter is processed foreign steamer, above-mentioned plug 135a can use the bigger parts of diameter, thereby can increase the pushing force of this plug 135a and guarantee the durability of this mandrel axis 135a.
Above-mentioned plug 135a is inserted in the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, then,, drive that this plug 135a rotates and its inner peripheral surface pushing towards above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 by above-mentioned drive unit and pressing device.As a result, in the process shown in Figure 13 C → 13D, the rolling processing of the shape transferred thereon that carries out being arranged on the above-mentioned process side side face 136 on the pars intermedia inner peripheral surface of this plug 135a to the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9.That is, rotate and it is pressed against on above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 inner peripheral surfaces by the process side side face 136 that makes above-mentioned plug 135a, the metal material that constitutes this preparation intermediate raw material 9 flows with the direction of arrow in Figure 14.The shape of the inner peripheral surface of this preparation intermediate raw material 9 forms and the similar shape of above-mentioned process side side face gradually, thereby obtains above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.
In the process in this rolling processing, along whole circumference, retrain the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, thereby the situation of enlarged-diameter can not occur by above-mentioned die 122b.Therefore, can reduce the required amount of plastic deformation of shape that the inner peripheral surface shape forms above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a.Therefore, can reduce process side side face 136 with above-mentioned plug 135a and press against power on above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 inner peripheral surfaces, thereby can be reduced in the stress that produces in this preparation intermediate raw material 9.And, comprise the fastening groove that is used for fastening sealing ring outer peripheral edges on the axial both ends inner peripheral surface that is present in above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a, can process the various piece of above-mentioned interior wheel 2a with good accuracy.In addition, can shorten process time and reduce manufacturing cost.In addition, can also make the roundness of above-mentioned foreign steamer 2a of gained good.If manufacturing is above-mentioned at the foreign steamer that does not have above-mentioned fastening groove 2 shown in Figure 25, the process side side face shape of then preparing intermediate raw material and plug can be simpler than the situation shown in the figure.
In addition, the angle of inclination of above-mentioned two cascaded surfaces 138,138 that tilt with angle [alpha] in the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 reduces, and forms above-mentioned two cascaded surface 138a, the 138a that tilt with angle beta.In addition, the angle of inclination of the above-mentioned axial both ends of the surface 139,139 that tilt with angle γ in the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 reduces, and forms the axial both ends of the surface 139a, the 139a that exist on the direction with respect to axial approximate vertical.In the present embodiment, because in the above described manner, with with finish after foreign steamer 2a in the relation at angle of inclination of each several part suitably limited tilt angle alpha, the γ of various piece in the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, therefore, add man-hour in above-mentioned rolling, the power that is applied on the above-mentioned plug 135a can be reduced, thereby the durability of this plug 135a and the machining accuracy of gained foreign steamer 2a can be improved.That is, owing to form above-mentioned tilt angle alpha, γ on above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, add man-hour in rolling, metal material can carry out smoothly to flowing of radially inner side, thereby can reduce the power that is applied on the above-mentioned plug 135a.
Embodiment 7
Below, be that example describes the formation method of taking turns in of the present invention with Fig. 7～12.
Figure 16～20 have shown embodiments of the invention 7.Present embodiment is also same as the previously described embodiments, making identical with the volume of the interior 3a of wheel (referring to Figure 16 F) the in fact cylindrical shape high accuracy raw material 8 (referring to Figure 16 A) of volume afterwards in advance, make these high accuracy raw material 8 produce plastic deformation by cold working, thus wheel 3a in forming.Be not particularly limited though make the method for this high accuracy raw material 8, still, well consider, preferably with specific length cut-out longer wire rod (coiled material) and it is implemented cold plasticity processing with the aspect that reduces manufacturing cost from the effective rate of utilization of guaranteeing material.Perhaps, also can and its cross sectional shape be turned round and turn 90 degrees, form above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 with circular stamping-out sheet material.Making by any one method under the situation of high accuracy raw material 8, all in next operation, making these high accuracy raw material 8 produce plastic deformation, thereby forming above-mentioned interior wheel 3a by cold working.
Under the situation of present embodiment, by second intermediate raw material 11 shown in the preparation intermediate raw material 9 shown in the above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 shown in Figure 16 A, Figure 16 B, the intermediate raw material 10 shown in Figure 16 C, Figure 16 D, the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 shown in Figure 16 E, form the interior 3a that takes turns shown in the 16F.Below, in order to each operation and describe.
When making above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 become above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9, be embedded in the not shown pressure die inner peripheral surface at outer peripheral face these high accuracy raw material 8, and inner peripheral surface is embedded in outward under the state on the plug, along whole circumference the front end face of not shown drift is pressed against on half part of outside diameter of axial both ends of the surface of these high accuracy raw material 8.As a result, half part of the outside diameter of the axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned high accuracy raw material 8 is recessed vertically, thereby obtains to have in this part the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of end difference 213,213.At this moment, follow to form the rapidoprint that these two end differences 213,213 flow towards radially inner side, by side-prominent vertically being absorbed of half part of internal side diameter of above-mentioned axial two ends.In addition, the internal diameter of the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material of making by this way 9 roughly the same with the internal diameter of the interior 3a of wheel that will make (not having strict identical necessity).
9 enforcements make the external diameter of its part (part except that an axial end (upper end of Figure 16)) be contracted to the draw processing in the bottom land footpath (external diameter of the width central portion top external diameter least part in the inner track wheel road 6 of shallow/deep groove type) in the inner track wheel road 6 (referring to Figure 16 F and Fig. 7) on the pars intermedia outer peripheral face that is formed at the above-mentioned interior 3a of wheel to such preparation intermediate raw material.This draw processing is carried out in mode shown in Figure 17.
At first, in the mode shown in Figure 17 A, make above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 be embedded in (being configured in) and be arranged in the large-diameter portion 216 of the machining hole 15 on the die 214.Subsequently, in the mode of Figure 17 B, above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 is depressed into the depths of above-mentioned machining hole 215 by drift 217.This machining hole 215 is to connect above-mentioned large-diameter portion 216 by smooth convex curved surface 219 to form with the minor diameter part 218 that is arranged on these large-diameter portion 216 inboards.The cross sectional shape of this convex curved surface 219 be formed at will make above-mentioned in the cross sectional shape of a side half one (first half of Figure 16) in above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 on the wheel 3a outer peripheral face consistent, the internal diameter of above-mentioned minor diameter part 218 is directly consistent with above-mentioned bottom land.Therefore, the external diameter of a part that is pressed into the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of the above-mentioned minor diameter part 218 that is present in above-mentioned machining hole 215 inside by above-mentioned drift 217 is contracted to and the corresponding to state in above-mentioned bottom land footpath, thereby forms above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10.
In addition, in the example shown in the figure, by on the part of the axial pars intermedia of above-mentioned drift 217, forming convex curved surface 220, thereby on deflection one end parts of the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10, form the circular-arc concave curved surface 221 in cross section along whole circumference.It is to carry out in the processing initial stage that makes above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 form above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 that above-mentioned drift 217 forms this concave curved surface 221.Therefore,, the external diameter that makes a part of preparing intermediate raw material 9 in the above described manner forms intermediate raw material 10 for shrinking, in the process of the operation that above-mentioned external diameter is shunk, except above-mentioned initial stage, machining stress only is applied on the contact site of above-mentioned convex curved surface 219 and the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9.Therefore, but precision is carried out the plastic working of the outer peripheral face of the above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 that the convex curved surface 219 by above-mentioned machining hole 215 realizes well.Consider that from the precision aspect in the inner track wheel road 6 (with reference to Figure 16 F or Fig. 7) guaranteeing to obtain the processing that precision is carried out this part well is important.After carrying out such manufacturing, by stripper rings 222, from above-mentioned machining hole 215, extrude above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10, and it is delivered to subsequent processing.
In this subsequent processing, enforcement is used for the internal diameter extrusion process of following purpose: make the axially radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the corresponding part of half part (following half part of Figure 16) in addition in above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 and above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6, with to make above-mentioned in to take turns the distribution of appropriate section of 3a consistent.This internal diameter extrusion process is to carry out in mode shown in Figure 180.
At first, in the mode shown in Figure 18 A, above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 is embedded in the machining hole 224 that is arranged in the die 223, and makes an axial end face (lower surface of Figure 18) butt (being configured in) of this intermediate raw material 10 insert the front end face (upper surface of Figure 18) of the reverse ring 225 in this machining hole 224.In this state, the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 seamlessly contacts the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned machining hole 224, and an axial end face seamlessly contacts the front end face of above-mentioned reverse ring 225.In addition, should strictly limit oppositely ring 225 and the position relation of above-mentioned die 223 on axial (above-below direction of Figure 18).
Set above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10 in the above described manner, subsequently, in the mode shown in the 18B, the inner peripheral surface by 226 pairs of these intermediate raw materials 10 of drift squeezes strand.The leading section of this drift 226 is (under the state of strictness restriction concentricity) to produce the minor diameter part 27 of axial displacement with respect to this reverse ring 225 under seamlessly inserting the state that oppositely encircles in 225.And, connect this minor diameter part 227 and the large-diameter portion 228 concentric that is arranged on by setting on cardinal extremity (upside of the deflection Figure 18) part with this minor diameter part 227 by convex curved surface 229.Should strict limit the cross sectional shape of this convex curved surface 229 so that with the axially radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the corresponding part of half part in addition in above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6, with should make above-mentioned in the distribution of appropriate section of wheel 3a consistent.In above-mentioned internal diameter extrusion process, make convex curved surface 229 butts of above-mentioned drift 226 be present in above-mentioned concave curved surface 221 on the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10, thereby the shape to this concave curved surface 221 is corrected, and, make this concave curved surface 221 move to assigned position place (inner path portion is squeezed strand) to an axial end of above-mentioned intermediate raw material 10.
The result, obtain above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, the axial end of its deflection at inner peripheral surface (by the downside of Figure 18) part is provided with concave curved surface 221a, and this concave curved surface is used to adjust the axial Thickness Distribution of the part of half part in addition that should form above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6.When making this second intermediate raw material 11 in this way, correct the shape of concave curved surface 221 in the above described manner and move it to assigned position, the concave curved surface 221a that the Thickness Distribution of the part of axially in addition half part that will form above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 is adjusted, carrying out in the process of the crowded strand operation of its formation, machining stress only is applied to the contact site of above-mentioned convex curved surface 229 and above-mentioned concave curved surface 221.Therefore, but precision carries out being adjusted by this convex curved surface 229 being used to of realizing the plastic working of the concave curved surface 221a of above-mentioned Thickness Distribution well.By this way in above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 of Zhi Zaoing, the shape basically identical of the shape of the part of an opposite side (the first half of Figure 16 D and Figure 18 B) and the appropriate section of the interior 3a of wheel that will make to axial with the part that is provided with above-mentioned concave curved surface 221a.In addition, form the part of above-mentioned concave curved surface 221a, the distribution in the axial direction of its radial thickness is consistent with the distribution of the appropriate section of the interior 3a of wheel that will make.Therefore, when above-mentioned internal diameter extrusion process, shape that should the above-mentioned curved face part 229 of strict restriction and above-mentioned drift 226 are to the insertion amount of above-mentioned die 223.After carrying out such manufacturing, by above-mentioned reverse ring 225, squeeze out above-mentioned second intermediate raw material of making in this way 11, and it is delivered to subsequent processing from above-mentioned machining hole 224.
In this subsequent processing, the axial other end of deflection that enlarges above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is (near the lower end of Figure 18, near the upper end of Figure 19) part external diameter, the enforcement internal diameter (removing the chamfered section of two end edge portions) of going forward side by side reaches on axial whole total length evenly, and forms the inner track wheel road formation processing in above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 on outer peripheral face.This inner track wheel road forms processing and carries out in mode shown in Figure 19.
At first, in the mode shown in Figure 19 A, above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindric machining hole 231 on (being configured in) die 230 and is arranged between the outer peripheral face of drift 232 at central part place (concentric) of this machining hole 231 with this machining hole 231.At this moment, the part that internal diameter in above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 has been shunk is embedded to outward on the minor diameter part 233 of above-mentioned drift 232, and the part of not shrinking is embedded to outward on the large-diameter portion 234.Then, in the mode of Figure 19 B,, whole this second intermediate raw material 11 is pressed into peripheral part of the large-diameter portion 234 of the above-mentioned drift 232 that is positioned at above-mentioned machining hole 231 inboards by cylindric drift 235.Described cylindric drift 235, making its front end face is the shape of freely docking with the end face of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11.
As this result who is pressed into operation, by connecting the curved face part 236 of above-mentioned minor diameter part 233 and above-mentioned large-diameter portion 234, the part of above-mentioned contraction is handled, also make the internal diameter of this part be extended to above-mentioned in the corresponding to state of internal diameter of wheel 3a.Outside diameter in this part forms the axially concave curved surface 237 of other half part that constitutes above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 simultaneously.That is, in the above described manner, the distribution of the distribution in the axial direction of the radial thickness of above-mentioned constriction and the appropriate section of the interior 3a of wheel that will make (still, considered with the wall thickness that enlarged-diameter is accompanied decrease) is consistent.Therefore, if make the internal diameter of above-mentioned part be extended to above-mentioned in the corresponding to state of internal diameter of wheel 3a, then the cross sectional shape of outer peripheral face side becomes consistent with axially other half part in above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6, forms above-mentioned concave curved surface 237.This concave curved surface 237 (the second orbital plane curved surface) links to each other with the above-mentioned concave curved surface 238 (the first track curved surface) that forms by the convex surface 219 that is arranged at the machining hole 215 on the above-mentioned die 214, with the above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 of formation shallow/deep groove type, thereby form above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12.
The 3rd intermediate raw material 12 that obtains is in this way implemented fine finishining, on the axial both ends of outer peripheral face, be formed for inner peripheral portion or and the relative a pair of sealing end difference approaching of sliding-contact sealing plate with it.The processing operation of this fastening groove is carried out in mode shown in Figure 20.
The method of the 1st example wherein shown in Figure 20 under the state of the outside diameter that suppresses above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 by container 239, is carried out vertically the punch process that the inner path portion to the axial both ends of the surface of the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 pushes.By this punch process, the inner path portion of axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 produces plastic deformation in the mode of pouring into to axial inboard and radial outside, and above-mentioned two end differences, 213,213 parts be formed for the sliding-contact sealing plate inner peripheral portion or with its near and relative sealing with end difference 240,240.
Embodiment 8
In addition, use end difference 240,240 o'clock, replace the operation of above-mentioned Figure 20, also can adopt the operation of the 8th embodiment shown in Figure 21 in the formation sealing.In the 8th embodiment, at a pair of forming rolls 241,214 that rotates in the opposite direction each other each other, by from the radially rolling processing of above-mentioned three intermediate raw material 12 of both sides extruding free rotation ground supporting on axle 242, form sealing end difference 240,240.Make the cross sectional shape of axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face of above-mentioned two forming rolls 241,241 consistent with the cross section shape of the outer peripheral face of the above-mentioned interior 3a of wheel that will make.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 is clamped in this two forming rolls 241, between 241, with these two forming rolls 241,241 press against on above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12 and make them reach identical speed in the opposite direction and rotate, thereby with these two forming rolls 241, the shape transferred thereon of 241 pars intermedia outer peripheral face is to the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 12, and the characteristic in above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 adjusted (fine finishining), and be formed at the axial both ends of this outer peripheral face the sliding-contact sealing plate outer peripheral edges portion or with its near and relative a pair of sealing with end difference 240,240.
In addition, also can be after the method shown in the 7th embodiment that implements Figure 20, the method (making up two kinds of methods) shown in the 8th embodiment of enforcement Figure 21.
Forming sealing with under the situation of end difference 240,240 by any one method, take turns on the 3a at the interior of gained, in order to make above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 partially hardeneds, should implement heat treatment (quenching) so that guarantee rolling fatigue life.Implement heat treated interior wheel 3a direct and foreign steamer 2 and ball 4,4 combinations, thereby formed radial ball bearing shown in Figure 71.In addition, must rotation precision or when vibration when rotating, must suppress to rotate the time and noise, after above-mentioned heat treatment, should on above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 parts, implement the grinding that is used to improve surface smoothness.
Embodiment 9
Utilize Figure 22～30 explanation embodiments of the invention 9～12.
Figure 22～23 have shown embodiments of the invention 9.In this embodiment, carry out rail wheel formation processing, the sealing surface formation processing of above-mentioned the 4th, 5 operations of conduct in the foregoing description 7 simultaneously by rolling processing.
In rail wheel forming process as above-mentioned the 4th, 5 operations, carry out the inner track wheel road and form processing, promptly increase near the internal diameter of the axial other end of deflection (lower end of Figure 23) part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, so that internal diameter (except that the chamfered section of two end edge portions) reaches evenly in axial whole total length, and on outer peripheral face, form above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6.This inner track wheel road forms processing and carries out with Figure 22～rolling processing shown in Figure 23.
The processing of this rolling, by parallel to each other and can rotate relatively freely in opposite direction supporting external roller 329c and in connect a part of between the roller 330a, radially pushing the circumferencial direction of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 and carry out.External roller 329c wherein is that heavy wall is discoideus, and supports under the state that suppresses radial displacement only free to rotately, and it has greater than the interior 3a of the wheel width (axial length) that will make.In addition, on the axial pars intermedia of the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 329c, be provided with the 331a of processing curve portion, have the cross sectional shape (shape of generatrix) consistent on it with the outer peripheral face cross sectional shape (shape of generatrix) of the interior 3a of wheel that will make.On the other hand, it is cylindric meeting roller 330a in above-mentioned, and outer peripheral face is simple (parallel with pivot) barrel surface.In addition, meet roller 330a in above-mentioned by the inner peripheral surface pushing of not shown driving mechanism and dipper crowding gear, and can freely be driven rotation towards above-mentioned external roller 329c.
Above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into above-mentioned in wheel during 3a, connect under the state of roller 330a in above-mentioned in that this second intermediate raw material 11 is embedded to loosely outside, push and drive its rotation with connecing the outer peripheral face of roller 330a in this towards above-mentioned external roller 329c.Above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 by connect in above-mentioned roller 330a, with this in connect the identical direction of roller 330a and rotate with it, and, be pressed against on the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 329c.Therefore, this external roller 329c with above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 and above-mentioned in connect the opposite direction of roller 330a with its motion (rotation).Afterwards, radially each other the part of the circumferencial direction of this second intermediate raw material 11 is pushed at the outer peripheral face of these two roller 329c, 330a.In addition, the radially part of extruding variation continuously along the circumferential direction in this way.As a result, enlarge the diameter of the axial other end part of deflection of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 gradually, contact the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned external roller 329c until it.
At the diameter of finishing the axial other end part of the deflection that enlarges above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, make after the internal diameter (except the chamfered section of edges at two ends portion) of this second intermediate raw material 11 all reaches evenly on whole entire axial length, with the shape transferred thereon of the 331a of processing curve portion of above-mentioned external roller 329c outer peripheral face to above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11.The 331a of this processing curve portion is provided with the circular-arc convex curved surface 332a in cross section that is used to form above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 on its axial central portion.In addition, axially forming machined surface on the both ends, it is used for above-mentioned each end difference 312a, 312a are processed into inner peripheral or and the relative sealing surface approaching with it of sliding-contact sealing plate.Therefore, under with the shape transferred thereon of the above-mentioned processing curve 331a of the portion state to the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11, obtain above-mentioned interior wheel 2a, wheel is provided with above-mentioned inner track wheel road 6 at axial central portion of inner peripheral surface in this, is provided with above-mentioned sealing surface at both ends.
Embodiment 10
Figure 30～31 have shown embodiments of the invention 10.Embodiment 10 is the variation of the foregoing description 9.Under the situation of present embodiment, with the external roller 329d of circular formation, this external roller has constituted the rolling processing unit (plant) that is used for second intermediate raw material 11 shown in above-mentioned Figure 10 D is processed into the interior 3a of wheel shown in Figure 10 E.In addition, under the state of rotary middle spindle that is arranged in parallel and make under the eccentric each other state of rotary middle spindle, connect the inboard that roller 330a inserts this external roller 329d with interior.Add man-hour in the rolling that is used for above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 3a, press against the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned external roller 329d and make its rotation meeting roller 330a in above-mentioned.Because the structure and the effect of other parts are identical with the foregoing description 9, the Therefore, omited diagram and the explanation of repetition.
Embodiment 11
Figure 26～27 have shown embodiments of the invention 11.Embodiment 11 is the variation of the foregoing description 9.Under the situation of present embodiment, in order to be configured for second intermediate raw material 11 shown in above-mentioned Figure 10 D is processed into the rolling processing unit (plant) of the interior 3a of wheel shown in Figure 10 E, to be provided with being respectively heavy wall discoideus a pair of external roller 329e, 329e.In addition, connect roller in the replacement, be provided for the cylindric plug 335 of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 of free rotation ground supporting.
The rotary middle spindle of the central shaft of this plug 335 and above-mentioned two external roller 329e, 329e is present on the imaginary plane and is parallel to each other.In addition, the external diameter of above-mentioned plug 335 is consistent with the internal diameter of the above-mentioned interior wheel 3a that should process.In addition, in the present embodiment, form this second intermediate raw material 11 near the axial end of the deflection of second intermediate raw material 11 (lower end of Figure 27) the internal diameter mode consistent partly with the internal diameter of the interior 3a of wheel.
Add man-hour in the rolling that is used for above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 is processed into above-mentioned foreign steamer 3a, be embedded to outside with above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 under the state on the above-mentioned plug 335, approaching towards each other direction pushes above-mentioned two external roller 329e, 329e and they is rotated with identical direction.As a result, the external diameter of the part of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 11 shrinks, and, on outer peripheral face, form inner track wheel road 6 and sealing surface.Because the structure and the effect of other parts are identical with the foregoing description 9 and the foregoing description 10, the Therefore, omited diagram and the explanation of repetition.
Embodiment 12
Figure 28～30 have shown embodiments of the invention 12.In the present embodiment, implement the 2nd operation～the 5th operation simultaneously by rolling processing.That is, in the present embodiment, do not carry out the internal diameter extrusion process shown in the undergauge operation shown in Figure 10 C and Figure 10 D, only undertaken from the preparation intermediate raw material 9 shown in above-mentioned Figure 10 B to the interior processing of taking turns 3a shown in Figure 10 E by rolling processing.That is, in the present embodiment, make directly make progress inside and outside opposite, the technology of the foregoing description 6 is used for the manufacturing of above-mentioned interior wheel 3a.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, in fact seamlessly with on the axle 340 shown in 9 outer Figure 28～29 that are embedded in as bearing part of the preparation intermediate raw material shown in Figure 30 A.That is, make inner peripheral surface face as the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of non-process side side face along the outer peripheral face of overall circumferential contact as this axle 340 of support side side face, or with its near relative.In this state, will press against on the outer peripheral face as the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 of processed lateral circle surface as the outer peripheral face of the pair of rolls 341,341 of process side side face respectively, thus obtain above-mentioned in wheel 3a.The volume of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 9 with as finished product should in relations such as the size of the requirement that is equal to each other of volume, each several part of wheel 3a and angle of inclination, except make radially inside and outside opposite, all the situation with the foregoing description 6 is identical, the Therefore, omited repeat specification.
Below, be example with embodiment 13～24, the manufacture method of the high accuracy ring that is applicable to above-mentioned rail wheel manufacturing is elaborated.Self-evident, this high accuracy ring can be used for above-mentioned rail wheel, and it also can be used for requirement high accuracy mechanical parts, for example rocking arm of internal combustion engine etc.
Embodiment 13
Figure 31～32 have shown embodiments of the invention 13.In the present embodiment, make the cylindric high accuracy ring 8a (referring to Figure 31 G, Figure 16 A) that volume equates with the volume essence of the interior 3a of wheel (referring to Figure 16 F) that constitutes radial ball bearing by cold working.Therefore, in the present embodiment, at first, cut off longer wire rod to obtain such billet (cylindrical raw material) 413 shown in Figure 31 A with specific length.By from payoff reel, extracting the long above-mentioned wire rod be wound on the cylinder out, and, cut into the length dimension (afore mentioned rules length) that volume is slightly larger than the volume of the high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain, obtain this billet 413 thus.
The billet 413 of gained is processed to form first intermediate raw material 414 shown in Figure 31 B by the upsetting of compression vertically in this way, in this case, make first to hold under the circular hole central shaft in the hole state consistent with the central shaft of above-mentioned billet 413, with above-mentioned billet 413 be fixed on that internal diameter equates with the external diameter of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain, be arranged on for first first of the end that has of holding on the mould and hold in the hole.Afterwards, hold the bottom surface in hole and be pressed into this above-mentioned first and first hold between the front end face of the pressing mold in the hole, compress this billet 413 vertically, thereby obtain external diameter above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414 identical with the external diameter of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain.
Then, by compressing the central part of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414 vertically, and make the rear extrusion process kept out of the way of part towards periphery of the material that squeezes out by this compression, obtaining the axial dimension shown in Figure 31 C has round-ended cylinder shape second intermediate raw material 415 greater than above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414.In this case, make second to hold under the central shaft in the hole state consistent, above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414 is being arranged on second end circle second that has of holding in the mould that is arranged on that internal diameter equates with the external diameter of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain holds in the hole with the central shaft of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414.Afterwards, second hold the bottom surface in hole and insert this and second hold between the front end face of the drift in the hole, compress the central part of this first intermediate raw material 414 vertically at this.
The external diameter of above-mentioned drift basic identical with the internal diameter of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain (needn't strict equate).In addition, this drift is being inserted above-mentioned second when holding in the hole, large-diameter portion on this drift base portion is seamlessly embedded to be held near the peristome in hole etc. to above-mentioned second by being formed at, and it is consistent each other to make these drifts and second hold the central shaft in hole.Result as the above-mentioned rear extrusion process of carrying out in this way, the axial width of the central part of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 414 is shunk, and clout is partly kept out of the way to outer path portion, and the axial dimension of this outer path portion increases, thereby obtains above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 415.The external diameter of this second intermediate raw material 415 is identical with the external diameter of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain, and the internal diameter of internal diameter and this high accuracy ring 8a is basic identical, and axial length is greater than the axial length of this high accuracy ring 8a.
Then, to above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 415 that obtains in this way, implement this second intermediate raw material 415 of stamping-out the bottom run through processing.At this moment, holding under the state of the outer path portion of outer peripheral face and bottom that mould suppresses this second intermediate raw material 415 by the 3rd, drift is pressed into the inboard of this second intermediate raw material 415.Afterwards, in the bottom that the front end face and the above-mentioned the 3rd of this drift holds this second intermediate raw material 415 of shearing between the mould, to obtain such cylindric the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 shown in Figure 31 D.
Then, carry out the axial dimension of the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 accurately is contracted to the internal diameter clout generation processing of setting.The mode of carrying out that the internal diameter clout produces processing is: in mode shown in Figure 32, the outer peripheral face that suppresses above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 by die 417, thereby the external diameter that prevents the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 enlarges, and, by a pair of drift 418,418, suppress the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 from axial both sides.The internal diameter of above-mentioned die 417 has the identical size of external diameter with the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain.In addition, on the central portion of above-mentioned two drift 418 front end faces respect to one another, form round table-like protuberance 419,419 respectively.The front end face of these two protuberances 419,419 did not contact before above-mentioned internal diameter clout produces process finishing.In addition, be strict controlled in this internal diameter clout generation of end and add man-hour, be present in tabular surface 420,420 to each other the interval D of the front end face of above-mentioned two drifts 418,418 by outer radius 18With consistent with the axial dimension of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain.Exception, the internal diameter R of above-mentioned two tabular surfaces 420,420 20Internal diameter R with the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain 8aUnanimity or slightly smaller (R 20≤ R 8a).
Produce and add man-hour carrying out size internal diameter clout in the above described manner, shrink the clout that produces according to the axial dimension of following above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416, inner peripheral surface can expand with convex surface shape.Afterwards, obtain the 4th intermediate raw material 421 shown in Figure 31 E.
Then, the 4th intermediate raw material 421 that obtains is in this way implemented internal diameter and squeeze strand processing.This internal diameter squeezes strand processing, makes under the state that external diameter do not enlarge at the outer peripheral face of pushing down the 4th intermediate raw material 421 by die, will squeeze in the centre bore 422 that strand instrument (mould) is pressed into the 4th intermediate raw material 421.Should squeeze the external diameter of strand instrument and the internal diameter R of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain 8aConsistent.And should squeeze the central shaft of strand instrument and the central shaft strict conformance of above-mentioned die.Squeeze in the strand processing at above-mentioned internal diameter, squeeze the inner path portion of strand above-mentioned four intermediate raw material 421 from an axial end to the other end (among Figure 31 from the top down) by so crowded strand instrument, make the clout part (being mainly the part that expands to internal side diameter) of the volume that surpasses the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain in the 4th intermediate raw material 421 be focused to the other end part of inner peripheral surface thus.At this moment, also can under the indeclinable situation of axial dimension, on the upper surface of above-mentioned the 4th intermediate raw material 421, apply buffering and press.Squeeze the result of strand processing as this internal diameter, obtained the 5th such shown in Figure 31 F intermediate raw material 424, the inner peripheral surface of the 5th intermediate raw material 424 forms the barrel surface concentric with outer peripheral face, and, on axial the other end of this inner peripheral surface, be provided with inwardly flange shape clout portion 423.
After obtaining this 5th intermediate raw material 424, remove above-mentioned clout portion 423 by running through processing at last.Run through in the processing this, with the internal diameter R of the centre bore 422a of external diameter and above-mentioned the 5th intermediate raw material 424 22The internal diameter R of (=above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a 8a) consistent drift inserts in this centre bore 422a.Afterwards, at the front end face of this drift and hold the base end part (outer peripheral edges portion) of shearing above-mentioned clout portion 423 between the mould.By the processing of carrying out in this way that runs through, acquisition volume and the above-mentioned interior identical in fact cylindric high accuracy ring 8a of volume that takes turns 3a.
Such high accuracy ring 8a forms the interior 3a that takes turns that constitutes radial ball bearing by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16.
Embodiment 14
Figure 33 has shown embodiments of the invention 14.In the present embodiment, shown in Figure 33 F,, remove the clout portion that is present in this inner circumferential surface sections thus by the inner circumferential surface sections that shave processing cuts the 4th intermediate raw material of making in the mode identical with the foregoing description 13 421.That is, make under the state that external diameter do not enlarge, the shave drift is pressed in the centre bore 422 of the 4th intermediate raw material 421 at the outer peripheral face of pushing down above-mentioned the 4th intermediate raw material 421 by die.The internal diameter R of the external diameter of this shave drift and the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will obtain 8aConsistent.In addition, the central shaft of the central shaft of this shave drift and above-mentioned die is answered strict conformance.Shave processing by carrying out in this way obtains volume and the interior identical in fact cylindric high accuracy ring 8a of volume that takes turns 3a (referring to Figure 16).
Such high accuracy ring 8a forms the interior 3a that takes turns that constitutes radial ball bearing also by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16.
Embodiment 15
Below, Figure 34 has shown embodiments of the invention 15.Present embodiment is used to make high accuracy ring 8b, this high accuracy ring 8b by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 1, when utilizing the cold working manufacturing to constitute the foreign steamer 2a of radial ball bearing as raw material.For this foreign steamer 2a, because wheel track 5 outside forming on inner peripheral surface, the aspect of the rolling fatigue life of wheel track 5 is considered outside guaranteeing this, does not wish partly to cut off metal flow at the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a.At this situation, under the situation of present embodiment, compress the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 (referring to Figure 31, Figure 33 D) vertically, so that the remainder of volume expands to radial outside.
Therefore, under the situation of present embodiment, when compressing above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 vertically according to concavo-convex cooperation and between the front end face of the drift 418a, the 418b that arrange concentrically with respect to one another, make in the closely outer guide pins portions 425 that are embedded on the front end face central part that is arranged on a side (below of Figure 34) drift 418 of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416.The outer diameter D of this guide pins portion 425 25Internal diameter R with the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8b that will obtain 8b(referring to Figure 1A) unanimity.In this way, between the front end face of above-mentioned two drift 418a, 418b, during above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 of compression, do not constrain in the external diameter of above-mentioned the 3rd intermediate raw material 416 especially vertically.Therefore, if make the front end face interval to each other of above-mentioned two drift 418a, 418b be contracted to the axial dimension of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8b that will obtain, then the remainder of above-mentioned volume expands to radial outside.
Like this, the remainder that expands to radial outside is concentrated and partly is removed as the clout of outward flange shape to an axial end by squeezing strand processing, or is removed by shave processing.At this moment, be used for except that the processing method of deflashing portion except the footpath make progress inside and outside opposite, the situation of other the foregoing description 13,33 is identical.In addition,, form clout portion 423 and remove the method for this clout portion 423,, do not cut off metal flow at the axial central portion that is used to form orbital plane in any one party of inside and outside two side faces at axial end portion for as Figure 31 (and the Figure 35 that discusses below).Therefore, the high accuracy ring 8a by the method manufacturing shown in Figure 31 (Figure 35) is suitable for making foreign steamer.
Embodiment 16
Figure 35～36 have shown embodiments of the invention 16.In the present embodiment, at first, cut off the long sheet material of from payoff reel, extracting out (coiled material) with the regulation shape, to obtain such discoideus raw material 426 shown in Figure 35 A.
Then, on these discoideus raw material 426, implement the finishing processing that runs through processing and remove peripheral part of stamping-out central part, thereby obtain circular first intermediate raw material 427 shown in Figure 35 B.Radial width size W with this first intermediate raw material 427 27Be slightly larger than high accuracy ring 8a length dimension L in the axial direction with manufacturing 8a(W 27＞L 8a).
Then, by the counter-rotating processing of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 427 that obtains in the above described manner being implemented its cross section is turned round turn 90 degrees, thereby obtain such cylindric second intermediate raw material 428 shown in Figure 35 C to the direction that enlarges internal side diameter and reduced outside diameter side.
This counter-rotating processing is pressed into cylindric die 429 interior carrying out by drift 430 with above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 427 as shown in figure 36.This die 429 has by flexure plane 433 and connects the large-diameter portion 431 that is arranged on the peristome side and be arranged on the centre bore of the concentric minor diameter part 432 of inboard and this large-diameter portion 431.In addition, the leading section of above-mentioned drift 430 is tapered tapering.In addition, the outer diameter D by the cardinal extremity part of this drift 430 30Internal diameter R with above-mentioned minor diameter part 432 32Difference be the thickness T of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 427 272 times of (R 32-D 30=2T 27).
Add man-hour carrying out above-mentioned counter-rotating, at first, in the mode shown in Figure 36 A, with the inboard of above-mentioned first intermediate raw material, 429 fastenings (fixing) at above-mentioned large-diameter portion 431.Then, in the mode shown in Figure 36 B, the C,, above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 427 is depressed into the inboard of above-mentioned minor diameter part 432 by above-mentioned drift 430.As a result, make counter the turning 90 degrees in cross section of this first intermediate raw material 427, thereby obtain cylindric above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 428 shown in Figure 35, the 36C.
On this second intermediate raw material 428 that obtains in this way, in the mode shown in Figure 35 D～F, implement with the foregoing description 13 in Figure 31 E～G shown in identical internal diameter clout produce processing, internal diameter squeezes strand processing and runs through processing, to take turns the used high accuracy ring 8a of 3a (referring to Figure 16 F) in obtaining.
Such high accuracy ring 8a forms the interior 3a that takes turns that constitutes radial ball bearing also by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16.
Embodiment 17
Figure 37 has shown embodiments of the invention 17.In the present embodiment, identical with above-mentioned embodiment shown in Figure 33 14, in the mode shown in Figure 37 E, cut the inner circumferential surface sections of the 4th intermediate raw material of making in the mode identical 421 with the foregoing description 16 by shave processing, thereby remove the clout portion that is present in this inner circumferential surface sections, with the used high accuracy ring 8a of wheel 3a (referring to Figure 16 F) in obtaining.
Such high accuracy ring 8a forms the interior 3a that takes turns that constitutes radial ball bearing also by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16.
In addition, for embodiment 16,17,, produce processing, also can obtain to be suitable for the high accuracy ring 8b (with reference to Fig. 1) of foreign steamer 2a processing so that the mode that remainder expands to outside diameter is carried out clout as above-mentioned embodiment shown in Figure 34 15.
Embodiment 18
Figure 38～39 have shown embodiments of the invention 18.In the present embodiment, at first, cut off long above-mentioned wire rod, to obtain such billet (cylindric raw material) 521 shown in Figure 38 A with the regulation shape.By from payoff reel, extracting the long above-mentioned wire rod be wound on the cylinder out, and, cut into the length dimension (afore mentioned rules length) that volume is slightly larger than the volume of gained high accuracy ring 8a, obtain this billet 521 thus.
The billet 521 that obtains in this way forms such discoideus intermediate raw material 522 shown in Figure 38 B by the upsetting processing of compression vertically.In the axial width size of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522, the gauge T of central portion 1Maximum, the gauge T of outer peripheral edges portion 2Minimum.In addition, with from the outside circumference of this central portion, the mode that gauge reduces gradually makes the axial two sides of above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522 form the part conical surface shape that slow down at the angle of inclination.The thickness T of the high accuracy ring 8 of manufacturing 8Thickness T in above-mentioned two parts 1, T 2Middle (T 1＞T 8＞T 2).In order to obtain this discoideus intermediate raw material 522, under the central shaft that makes these billets 521 state consistent, will cut off above-mentioned billet 521 that above-mentioned wire rod obtains with proper volume and be arranged on outer diameter D with internal diameter and this discoideus intermediate raw material 522 with the central shaft of circular hole 32Identical have the holding in the mould of end circular hole, and, the above-mentioned billet 521 of compression between the front end face of the bottom surface of above-mentioned circular hole and pressing mold vertically.Because the shape that these bottom surfaces form with the shape of front end face and the axial two sides of above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522 match (concave and convex direction is opposite) therefore, by above-mentioned bottom surface of powerful pressing and front end face, obtains above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522.
In the present embodiment, after forming above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522 (or when forming), on the central portion of the axial two sides of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522, form each circular depressions 523,523 shown in Figure 38 C, thereby can form second intermediate raw material 524 that central portion thickness reduces.The purpose that forms these two recesses 523,523 is: reduce the volume of following the part that forms circular hole 525 in the operation shown in described in the back Figure 38 D and remove, to improve the effective rate of utilization of material.Therefore, also can omit the formation operation of above-mentioned two recesses 523,523, but, also can be in making above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522 except that the central portion that forms these two recesses 523,523 part (with respect to radially from central portion to Outboard Sections) be positioned under the state with the die cavity of the mould of prescribed volume division, form above-mentioned two recesses 523,523.In this case, make the formation of following these two recesses 523,523 and partly be filled in the above-mentioned die cavity to the material of external diameter side flow.According to this structure,, consistent with the volume of this high accuracy ring 8a even the volume of the above-mentioned billet 521 of not strict restriction still can strictly limit the volume of removing central portion part in addition in above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 524 that is used to form above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a.In any case, under the situation that forms above-mentioned two recesses 523,523, the diameter D of these two recesses 523,523 23All less than the internal diameter R of the circular hole 525 that will be formed at above-mentioned second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 central portions 25(referring to Fig. 3 8D) (D 23＜R 25).
If form the above-mentioned second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 of stating in the above described manner, then, form above-mentioned circular hole 525 at the central portion of this second discoideus intermediate raw material 524.By under the state that this second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 is arranged in the maintenance recess that holds mould, make central portion with this second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 of drift butt of the concentric setting of this maintenance recess, and the stamping-out of this central portion of extrusion is processed in the punching of the central portion that is formed at above-mentioned maintenance recess, carries out the formation operation of this circular hole 525.Because the external diameter of above-mentioned drift is greater than the diameter D of above-mentioned two recesses 523,523 23, therefore, the central portion that comprises the second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 of above-mentioned these two recess 523,523 integral body is punched, and can obtain circular intermediate raw material 526 such shown in Figure 38 D.This circular intermediate raw material 526 is an inner peripheral and concentric circular of outer peripheral edges, and have the axial width size big at internal side diameter, in the less wedge-shaped cross of outside diameter.In addition, the volume of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 is identical with the volume of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8a that will make.
On form after the described circular intermediate raw material 526 like that, implement counter-rotating processing, this processing is shown in Figure 38 E, shrink to radially inner side to the outer path portion that makes this circular intermediate raw material 526, and make the direction of inner path portion, make cross-wise direction change 90 degree to the radial outside expansion.As shown in figure 39, this counter-rotating processing is pressed into above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 in the cylindric die 516 by drift 517 and carries out.As the explanation of Figure 36, this die 516 has centre bore, and this centre bore connects the large-diameter portion 518 that is arranged on the peristome side by flexure plane 520 and is arranged on the concentric minor diameter part 519 of inboard and this large-diameter portion 518.The internal diameter R of minor diameter part 519 wherein 19Less than the external diameter of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526, but greater than internal diameter.In addition, the leading section of above-mentioned drift 517 is tapered tapering.Add man-hour carrying out above-mentioned counter-rotating, at first, in the mode shown in Figure 39 A, with the inboard of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 fastenings (setting) at above-mentioned large-diameter portion 518.Subsequently, in the mode shown in Figure 39 B, the C,, above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 is depressed into the inboard of above-mentioned minor diameter part 519 by above-mentioned drift 517.As a result, the cross section of this circular intermediate raw material 526 is counter to be turn 90 degrees, and obtains such cylindraceous above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8 shown in Figure 38 E, Figure 39 C.
Follow the counter-rotating processing of carrying out in the above described manner, the inner path portion of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 is stretched, and above-mentioned gauge dwindles, and outer path portion is compressed, thereby its gauge increases.Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, because the axial width size of above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 is bigger at inner path portion, and it is less at outer path portion, therefore, the radial thickness size of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8 that obtains under the state after the above-mentioned counter-rotating process finishing is axially becoming even on (removing the chamfered section of two end edge portions).That is, under the state after the above-mentioned counter-rotating process finishing, it is the cylindraceous above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8 of setting that above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526 forms internal diameter, external diameter and axial length.Therefore, the internal diameter R of above-mentioned minor diameter part 519 19External diameter R with preceding half part of above-mentioned drift 517 17Difference be the thickness T of the high accuracy ring 8 that will make 82 times of (R of (referring to Figure 38 E) 19-D 17=2T 8).To top described such high accuracy ring 8 apply front cold working as shown in Figure 16 and form in wheel 3a, perhaps, implement cold working shown in Figure 1 and form foreign steamer 2a.
Embodiment 19
Figure 40～41 have shown embodiments of the invention 19.Among the described in the above embodiment 18, form recess 523,523 when the volume of strictness restriction billet 521 or on the central portion of the axial two sides of discoideus intermediate raw material 522 when forming second intermediate raw material 524, the volume of the part except that the central portion of this second intermediate raw material 524 is limited.Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, as Figure 40 D and as shown in Figure 41, by second intermediate raw material 524 that is formed with recess 523,523 on the central portion of axial two sides is implemented pressure-sizing processing, the volume of the part of restriction except that the central portion of this second intermediate raw material 524.
That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in figure 41, under the state in the circular hole 528 that the above-mentioned second discoideus intermediate raw material 524 closely is embedded in die 527, between the front end face of a pair of drift 529,529, suppress.The front end face of these two drifts 529,529 is respectively the conical concave shape that closely contacts the axial two sides of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 524 except that central portion.Front end face above-mentioned two drifts 529,529 of forming this shape compress above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 524 vertically separately, and make each front end face distance each other be reduced to suitable distance.At this moment, the radially pars intermedia of following above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 524 of suitable formation is to the thickness of outer end and mobile excess stock accumulates in above-mentioned two recesses 523,523.Therefore, if central portion at the second intermediate raw material 524a that has implemented pressure-sizing processing recited above, shown in Figure 39 E, form the circular hole 525 that obtains by punch process, then can obtain the volume circular intermediate raw material 526 identical with the volume of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8 that will make.
The structure of other parts and effect are identical with the foregoing description 18.
Embodiment 20
Figure 42 has shown embodiments of the invention 20.In the present embodiment, on the central portion of the discoideus intermediate raw material 522 shown in Figure 42 B that compresses billet 521 manufacturings vertically, with such shown in Figure 42 C, form basic circular hole 530, to form basic circular intermediate raw material 531 as circular hole 525 bases shown in Figure 42 E.The internal diameter R of this basis circular hole 530 30Internal diameter R with above-mentioned circular hole 525 25Identical or slightly smaller (R 30≤ R 25).Afterwards, above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 531 is implemented pressure-sizing processing, promptly, the mode that does not enlarge with its external diameter, under the state of its outer peripheral edges portion of constraint, vertically it is pushed, make the axial width size be contracted to appropriate value, and make the redundance of volume dodge inner peripheral portion to above-mentioned basic circular hole 530.
For example, in foregoing mode shown in Figure 41, the circular intermediate raw material 531 in above-mentioned basis is embedded in the circular hole 528 of die 527, compresses the circular intermediate raw material 531 in this basis each other vertically, carry out this pressure-sizing processing thus at a pair of drift 529,529 front end faces.The excess stock part of following this pressure-sizing processing and flowing accumulates in the inner peripheral portion of the circular intermediate raw material 531 in above-mentioned basis, and above-mentioned basic circular hole 530 is shunk shown in Figure 42 D.Then, shown in Figure 42 E, if remove this redundance of the inner peripheral portion of the basic circular hole 530 that is present in the internal diameter contraction by running through the processing of processing or shave, then can obtain the volume circular intermediate raw material 526 identical with the volume of the above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8 that will make.
In addition, in the present embodiment, shown in Figure 42 D, though be under the state of the outer peripheral edges portion that retrains the circular intermediate raw material 531 in above-mentioned basis, to compress, so that excess stock partly concentrates on interior all sides,, even the constraint inner peripheral portion so that in the excess stock segment set at outer circumferential side, afterwards, remove outer peripheral edges portion, also can obtain identical effect by finishing.
The structure of other parts and effect are identical with the foregoing description 18 or embodiment 19.
Embodiment 21
Figure 43～44 have shown embodiments of the invention 21.In the present embodiment, with such shown in A → B → C of Figure 43, by compressing vertically as raw-material billet 521 to make the operation of discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, be present in section (part that in Figure 43 A～E, has dotted line) on the axial both ends of the surface of this billet and (for example can not residue in high accuracy ring 8 after finishing, 8a, 8b, referring to Figure 38 E, Figure 40 F, Figure 16, Figure 13 A) the surface on.Promptly.In the present embodiment, make the axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned billet 521 reach smooth (rectification section), to form beer barrel shape preparation intermediate raw material 532 such shown in Figure 43 B, afterwards, implement to crush the vertically upsetting processing of this preparation intermediate raw material 532 is with such above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522a shown in formation Figure 43 C.In this process, axial two end faces radially do not enlarge in the above-mentioned billet 521, and above-mentioned section does not residue on the surface of the basic circular intermediate raw material 531a shown in Figure 43 E.Below, illustrate to be used for realizing in this way that section does not residue in the lip-deep structure of the circular intermediate raw material 531a in this basis.
In the present embodiment, compressing the preparation intermediate raw material 532 shown in above-mentioned Figure 43 B vertically, when forming the discoideus intermediate raw material 522a shown in Figure 43 C, shown in Figure 44 A～C, retrain the axial both ends of this preparation intermediate raw material 532, and this preparation intermediate raw material 532 that crushes vertically.Afterwards, under the state that the diameter at the axial both ends that keep this preparation intermediate raw material 532 does not enlarge, form above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522a.As shown in figure 44, the processing unit (plant) that is used to carry out this processing is provided with fixed block 533, die 534, oppositely drift 535, annular punch 536, drift 537.
Fixed block 537 supporting wherein is fixed on the frame that is arranged at the press-working apparatus on the fabrication facility floor etc.In addition, above-mentioned die 534 by a plurality of elastomeric element 538,538 elastic bearings such as compression helical springs above said fixing piece 533.Therefore, above-mentioned die 534 is under the non-state that adds man-hour, shown in Figure 44 A, the state above said fixing piece 533 is floated in formation, but adding man-hour, applying under the big pressure status, shown in Figure 44 C according to the mobile of metal material, overcome the elastic force of above-mentioned each elastomeric element 538,538, drop to the upper surface of contact said fixing piece 533.The central part of this die 534 be provided with can free embedded above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 bottoms downside centre bore 539.And, can make above-mentioned reverse drift 535 pass this downside centre bore 539 up and down with respect to above-mentioned die 534.
Limit the above-below direction position of this reverse drift 535 in the following manner.That is, under non-machining state, shown in Figure 44 A, the upper surface of above-mentioned reverse drift 535 enough is positioned at below the bottom surface of processing with recess 540 that is arranged on above-mentioned die 534 upper surfaces.In this state, by the bottom of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 is inserted in the above-mentioned downside centre bore 539, make this preparation intermediate raw material 532 consistent with the central shaft of above-mentioned die 534.In addition, adding man-hour, under the upper surface state of contact of the lower surface of this die 534 and said fixing piece, the upper surface of above-mentioned reverse drift 535 is present in the position more recessed than the upper surface of this die 534 slightly downwards, even in the terminal stage of processing, above-mentioned section can radially not flow outwardly yet.
In addition, above-mentioned annular punch 536 is by a plurality of elastic component 538a, 538a such as compression helical springs, with above-mentioned die 534 with one heart elastic bearing below the pressure head 541 of the press-working apparatus above the above-mentioned die 534.Therefore, above-mentioned annular punch 536 is under the non-state that adds man-hour, shown in Figure 44 A, be the state that hangs down to the below of described pressure head 541, still, adding man-hour, according to flowing of metal material, applying more greatly under the pressure status, shown in Figure 44 C, overcome the elastic force of above-mentioned each elastic component 538a, 538a, rise until the lower surface of the above-mentioned pressure head 541 of contact.In addition, but the bottom non-loosening of above-mentioned annular punch 536 freely inserts the processing of above-mentioned die 534 with in the recess 540, and under the state that inserts, this die 534 is concentric with above-mentioned annular punch 536 strictnesses.Be provided with the upper center hole 542 of free embedded above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 bottoms at the central part of this annular punch 536.
In addition, above-mentioned drift 537 can with respect to above-mentioned annular punch 536 free liftings pass above-mentioned upper center hole 542.In the present embodiment, with respect to above-mentioned pressure head 541 fixing above-mentioned drifts 537, follow the lifting of above-mentioned annular punch 536 with respect to this pressure head 541, above-mentioned drift 537 can relative lifting with above-mentioned annular punch 536.The above-below direction position of this drift 537 is controlled by following mode.That is, under the non-state that adds man-hour, shown in Figure 44 A, make the lower surface of above-mentioned drift 537 enough be positioned at the top of the lower surface of above-mentioned annular punch 536.In this state, by the upper end of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 is inserted in the above-mentioned upper center hole 542, make this preparation intermediate raw material 532 consistent with the central shaft of above-mentioned annular punch 536.In addition, shown in Figure 44 C, adding man-hour, under the lower surface state of contact of the lower surface of this annular punch 536 and above-mentioned pressure head 541, the lower surface of above-mentioned drift 537 is present in the position more recessed slightly upward than the lower surface of this annular punch 536, even in the terminal stage of processing, above-mentioned section can be radially towards flows outside yet.
By top manufacturing installation shown in Figure 43, the preparation intermediate raw material 532 shown in Figure 43 B that crushes vertically in the following manner is to form the operation of the discoideus intermediate raw material 522a shown in Figure 43 C.At first, make above-mentioned annular punch 536 and drift 537 under the state that above-mentioned pressure head 541 is kept out of the way upward, so that the central shaft state consistent with the central shaft of above-mentioned die 534 that should preparation intermediate raw material 532 makes the bottom of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 be embedded in the upper end of above-mentioned downside centre bore 539.Then, above-mentioned pressure head 541 is descended, in the mode shown in Figure 44 A, the processing that above-mentioned die 534 is inserted in the bottom of above-mentioned annular punch 536 is with in the recess 540, and makes the upper end of above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 be embedded in the bottom in above-mentioned upper center hole 542.If above-mentioned pressure head 541 is further descended from this state, then shown in A → B among Figure 44 → C, the above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 532 that crushes gradually, thus form the discoideus intermediate raw material 522a shown in this Figure 44 and Figure 43 C.In this discoideus raw material 522a, above-mentioned section retains on the thick wall part 543 of central portion.
Under the situation of present embodiment, be formed as described above after the above-mentioned discoideus raw material 522a, the mode that does not enlarge with external diameter retrains the outer rim of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, and, central portion at this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a forms circular depressions 523a such shown in Figure 43 D, forms the second discoideus intermediate raw material 524b that central portion thickness reduces thus.The thickness of the outer path portion of this second discoideus intermediate raw material 524b increases because of the flowing of metal material of following above-mentioned central portion gauge and reducing.At this moment, though follow central portion thickness to reduce and diameter increases, the enlarged-diameter of the part that above-mentioned section exists,, the scope of this part still is retained in the part that the gauge of above-mentioned central portion reduces.In addition, also can follow the processing of above-mentioned recess 523a, enlarge the external diameter of the second discoideus intermediate raw material 524b, afterwards, finishing outer peripheral edges portion.
Therefore, shown in Figure 43 E, at the central portion of the above-mentioned second discoideus intermediate raw material 524b, axial two end faces of corresponding above-mentioned billet 521, process the part of removing by running through, thereby form the circular intermediate raw material 531a in above-mentioned basis as above-mentioned section.Run through processing by this, can remove (on the part of the circular intermediate raw material 531a in above-mentioned basis, the part that leaves above-mentioned section vestige can be not residual) from the part that will form the high accuracy ring with waste material 44 as the part of above-mentioned section.Therefore,, implement the processing shown in Figure 40 E → F in the same manner, obtain high accuracy ring 8 with the foregoing description 19 to the circular intermediate raw material 531a in this basis.
Because present embodiment adopted said structure, therefore, can be not residual on the part of the high accuracy ring 8 that obtains as the part of the axial both ends of the surface of above-mentioned billet 521.Therefore, consider it is favourable from the aspect that obtains the good goods of quality with low cost.
The structure of other parts and effect are identical with the foregoing description 18～20.
Embodiment 22
Figure 45～46 have shown embodiments of the invention 22.In the present embodiment, form the mortar shape, thereby the angle variable quantity that the counter-rotating that makes this circular intermediate raw material 526a form cylindric high accuracy ring 8 can be added man-hour suppresses to less than 90 degree by the shape that makes circular intermediate raw material 526a.In addition, can reduce the processing stage (percentage elongation) that counter-rotating adds the part of enlarged-diameter in man-hour, thereby can prevent to produce the generation of situations such as harmful distortion or crackle, and can yield rate carry out the manufacturing of the bigger high accuracy ring 8 of axial width dimension well in this part.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, similarly, make discoideus intermediate raw material 522a with the operation shown in Figure 45 A → B → C with leading portion part (operation of Figure 43 A → B → C) in the foregoing description 21.Then, retrain the outer peripheral edges portion of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, become the state that the external diameter that stops this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a enlarges, and, on an axial side side of the central portion of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, form recess 523a.Form the part of this recess 523a at the central portion of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a,, follow the part that forms basic circular hole 530a and remove in the operation shown in following Figure 45 E.
In the present embodiment, only on the face of above-mentioned discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, form above-mentioned recess 523a.In addition, when pushing the central portion of a face of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a in order to form this recess 523, as shown in figure 46, retrain the outer peripheral edges portion of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, thereby the external diameter of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a is not enlarged by the inner peripheral surface of die 545.Like this, if the outer peripheral edges portion of this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a of constraint and be depressed on the reverse drift 547 by the pars intermedia that drift 546 will this discoideus intermediate raw material 522a, then can obtain the plate-like second discoideus intermediate raw material 524c shown in Figure 45 D and Figure 46 C, this second discoideus intermediate raw material 524c is provided with recess 523a at central portion, is provided with the inclination annulus portion 548 of mortar shape in outer circumferential portion.
This second discoideus intermediate raw material 524c is shown in Figure 45 E, punching press is fallen central portion and is formed basic circular hole 530a, make basic circular intermediate raw material 531b, afterwards, identical with the situation of front embodiment 20 shown in Figure 42, implement pressure-sizing processing in the mode shown in Figure 45 F after, in the mode shown in Figure 45 G, in inner peripheral portion, implement to run through processing, to obtain the circular intermediate raw material 526a of mortar shape.Afterwards, directly (do not dwindle diameter one time) and radially make the bigger inner peripheral side distortion of axial dimension outwardly, and directly (not enlarging diameter one time) radially makes the less outer peripheral edges side distortion of axial dimension inwardly, thus by less than the angles change of 90 degree to this circular intermediate raw material 526a processing of reversing, make the various piece of circumferencial direction parallel to axial, thereby form such high accuracy ring 8 shown in Figure 45 (H).
Because present embodiment adopted structure recited above, therefore, above-mentioned circular intermediate raw material 526a is being implemented counter-rotating processing when forming above-mentioned high accuracy ring 8, can reduce the processing stage (percentage elongation) of the inner peripheral part of enlarged diameter.Therefore, can prevent to produce harmful distortion or crackle, and can yield rate carry out the manufacturing of the bigger high accuracy ring 8 of axial width dimension well in the part that partly begins from this inner peripheral to process.With reference to Figure 47 this point is described.
At first, for effect, the effect that is easy to understand present embodiment, consider shown in Figure 47 (a)-(a) (degree of pin hole) circular intermediate raw material 526b that centre bore is minimum.Implement to make the direction in cross section to change under the situation of counter-rotatings processing of 90 degree to this circular intermediate raw material 526b, on the inner peripheral part that diameter follows counter-rotating processing to enlarge, produce bigger tensile stress.And the goods that this counter-rotating processing finally obtains can crack at axial end portion shown in Figure 47 (b)-(a), and perhaps shown in Figure 47 (b)-(b), the diameter of axial end portion reduces.This goods can not be used as by the raw material of the interior wheel of cold working manufacturing formation radial ball bearing or foreign steamer, promptly can not be used as the high accuracy ring.In addition, shown in Figure 47 (b)-(c), the long high accuracy ring 8A of axial dimension can not be made by the minimum circular intermediate raw material 526b of above-mentioned centre bore.
In addition, embodiment 18～21 as previously described is such, shown in Figure 47 A-(c), for the enough big smooth circular intermediate raw material 526 of the diameter of centre bore, then can make the relatively shorter high accuracy raw material 8 of axial dimension such shown in Figure 47 B-(d).But, making above-mentioned axial dimension under the situation of long high accuracy raw material 8A, the tensile stress according to producing on the inner peripheral part of following counter-rotating processing to enlarge at diameter is easy to produce such defective shown in Figure 47 B-(a, b).Therefore, can not make the high accuracy raw material 8A shown in above-mentioned Figure 47 B-(c) with good effective rate of utilization by the circular intermediate raw material 526 shown in above-mentioned Figure 47 A-(c).Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, such shown in Figure 47 A-(b) exaggeration, because from beginning to have implemented to follow the counter-rotating of not enough an angle of 90 degrees degree change to process to the circular intermediate raw material 526a of mortar shape that tilts, therefore, can be reduced in diameter follows this counter-rotating processing to become the tensile stress that big inner peripheral partly upward produces.Therefore, diameter becomes for the big inner peripheral part for following counter-rotating processing, is difficult for producing such defective shown in Figure 47 B-(a, b), can improve effective rate of utilization.
Embodiment 23
Figure 48～51 have shown embodiments of the invention 23.In addition, make in the punch process fields such as the plastic working of processing or stamping-out processing comprising cold forging,, should be readily appreciated that shape, the structure of the mould that (understanding naturally) uses mostly in plastic working as long as understand shape after shape and the processing before the processing.Therefore, omitted the shape about a part of mould, the diagram of structure, below, describe with the center that is shaped as of machined object in each operation.In addition, Figure 48 is consistent description of attitude that makes each machined object for the progress situation that is easy to understand processing, so the above-below direction of the machined object in each operation is not necessarily consistent with view in practice.Well-known in the punch process field, pressing mold should be arranged on the top, will be arranged on the below by the mould that holds that machined object bears the power of this pressing mold.
In the present embodiment, at first, cut off longer wire rod to obtain such billet (cylindrical raw material) 613 shown in Figure 48 A with specific length.By extracting the above-mentioned longer wire rod be wound on the cylinder out from payoff reel, and the length dimension (afore mentioned rules length) that is slightly larger than the volume sum of first, second high accuracy ring 614,515 that will obtain with volume cuts off, and obtains this billet 613 thus.
The billet 613 that obtains in this way can obtain beer barrel shape (first) preparation intermediate raw material 616 such shown in Figure 48 B by implementing to carry out vertically axial two end faces of upsetting processing rectification of cold compression.Afterwards, further on this preparation intermediate raw material 616, implement the upsetting processing of compression vertically, form the discoideus second preparation intermediate raw material 617 such shown in Figure 48 C thus.In this second preparation intermediate raw material 617, form the axial width size at central portion place radially, form flange shape 619 of outward flange shape at these lug boss 618 peripheral part, and they form concentrically with respect to one another greater than the lug boss 618 of part in the outer part radially.
In the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617, for for the axial width size, the gauge T of the lug boss 618 of central authorities 18Maximum, above-mentioned flange shape 619 gauge t 1, t 2All less than the gauge T of this lug boss 618 18(T 18＞t 1＞t 2).In addition, above-mentioned flange shape 619 cross sectional shape is a wedge-type shape, this gauge t of flange shape 619 1, t 2Radially gradually change.That is, at this gauge t of flange shape 619 1, t 2In, the gauge t of inner peripheral portion 1Become big, the gauge t of outer peripheral edges portion 2Diminish.Though, above-mentioned flange shape 619 for constituting the part of the second high accuracy ring 615 that is used to make foreign steamer 3a (referring to Fig. 1 F) in above-mentioned first, second high accuracy ring 614,615, the gauge T of this of manufacturing second high accuracy ring 615 15(referring to Figure 49 C) is at the gauge t of above-mentioned flange shape 619 inside and outside two circumferences 1, t 2Between (t 1＞T 15＞t 2).
Add man-hour in the upsetting that forms the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617, second prepare the consistent a pair of mould of the external surface shape of intermediate raw material 617 each other with this, compress above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 616 vertically at inner surface configuration.Promptly, under the corresponding to state of the central shaft of central shaft that makes above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 616 and circular hole, with above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 616 be arranged on be provided with end circular hole hold in the mould that (this holds, and mould has and the outer diameter D of the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617 17Identical internal diameter, and the shape of an axial side of its bottom shape and this second preparation intermediate raw material 617 (referring to Figure 48 C following) is consistent), and, between the bottom surface of above-mentioned circular hole and the front end face of pressing mold (being flat surfaces in the present embodiment), compress above-mentioned preparation intermediate raw material 616 vertically.Owing to make the shape of these bottom surfaces and front end face form the shape (concave and convex direction is opposite) that matches with above-mentioned second axial two sides of preparing intermediate raw material 617, therefore, by above-mentioned bottom surface and front end face are suppressed together, can obtain the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617.
In this second preparation intermediate raw material 617, second upsetting processing of the central portion by the above-mentioned lug boss 618 of implementing to crush vertically forms the 3rd such shown in Figure 48 D preparation intermediate raw material 620.Therefore, suppress above-mentioned second and prepare the central portion of intermediate raw material 617 protrusions portions 618, the external diameter of this lug boss 618 is not enlarged, and, vertically it is pushed from front end face (below Figure 48 C, D) side.At this moment, holding flange shape 619 of the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617 of clamping between mould and the pressure die, to prevent this flange shape 619 distortion.The mould that holds wherein is provided with the outer diameter D that internal diameter and above-mentioned second prepares intermediate raw material 617 (and above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620) 17Identical have an end circular hole, pressure die be cylindric, it has the external diameter that can seamlessly insert this circular hole inboard of holding mould and can seamlessly above-mentioned lug boss 618 be embedded in inboard internal diameter. in addition, punch-head assembly can be set axially in the inboard of this pressure die.This punch-head assembly in the inboard of the corresponding to cylindric clamping cylinder of the external diameter of external diameter and above-mentioned lug boss 618 (annular punch), can be embedded in the cylindric push strut (drift) of external diameter axially less than these lug boss 618 external diameters.And, with the front end face of above-mentioned inhibition tube as circular seal face.Hold mould and compare with the situation of making the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617 with respect to the position relation of machined object, opposite in the axial direction.
The above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617 is formed under the situation of above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620, above-mentioned flange shape 619 of holding this second preparation intermediate raw material 617 of clamping between mould and the pressure die, and, be arranged under the state of appropriate position at front end face, the push strut of this punch-head assembly pressed be attached on the leading section of above-mentioned lug boss 618 clamping cylinder of above-mentioned punch-head assembly.Carry out the attached operation of this pressure and arrive the front end face of above-mentioned clamping cylinder, thereby do not have the more moving space of multithread of metal material, above-mentioned push strut is produced till the bigger displacement until the part of above-mentioned lug boss 618.As a result,, and increase the axial width of these lug boss 618 outer path portions, on this outer path portion, form the cylindric part 621 that axial dimension is limited in desired value at the axial width of the central portion that reduces above-mentioned lug boss 618.For above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620 that obtains in this way, the length L of front end face from the cardinal extremity face of the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620 (Figure 48 D above) to above-mentioned cylindric part 621 21Reach setting.In addition, with the radial thickness T of above-mentioned cylindric part 612 21Strictness be restricted to the internal diameter of above-mentioned pressure die and above-mentioned punch-head assembly push strut external diameter difference 1/2.In a word, the thickness that residues in the base plate of above-mentioned lug boss 618 central portions by change compensates the volumetric errors (making volumetric errors concentrate on the part that forms waste material) that exists on the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 617.
In the above described manner, after forming above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620, in the mode shown in Figure 48 E, by by pressure stamping-out processing at the central portion of the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620 and on the part of surrounding, forms circular hole 622 by above-mentioned cylindric part 621, first intermediate raw material 623 that has cylindrical portion 624 at central portion with acquisition.By being provided with under the state on the mould of holding of punching in that above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 620 is positioned at central portion, by the blanking punch that inserts at above-mentioned cylindric part 621 internal side diameters, to become discoideus waste material 625 by the part stamping-out that this cylindric part 621 is surrounded, carry out this stamping-out processing thus.Limit the external diameter of above-mentioned blanking punch and the internal diameter of above-mentioned punching, make the inner peripheral surface of cylindrical portion 624 in above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 623 that obtains of above-mentioned circular hole 622 form single barrel surface.
Shown in Figure 48 F, above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 623 that obtains in this way is at pars intermedia place radially, boundary portion office at the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned cylindrical portion 624 and above-mentioned flange shape 619 inner peripheral cuts off, to form the first high accuracy ring 614 and second intermediate raw material 627.Under the state that supports above-mentioned flange shape 619 an axial face (lower surface of Figure 48 F) at the upper surface that holds mould with ring-type, by blanking punch, hold the axial another side of central portion (upper surface of Figure 48 F) that mould is suppressed above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 623, carry out this cut-out operation thus towards above-mentioned.As this result who processes the cut-out operation that realizes by stamping-out, the part that is obtained by above-mentioned cylindrical portion 624 has formed the above-mentioned first high accuracy ring 614 cylindraceous, has formed the second circular intermediate raw material 627 by above-mentioned flange shape 619 part that obtains.
In these the first high accuracy rings 614 and second intermediate raw material 627 of obtaining in this way, wheel 3a in the first high accuracy ring 614 is made by for example above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16 (this first high accuracy ring 614 is used as high accuracy ring 8a shown in Figure 16).Relative therewith, above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 627 forms by the operation shown in Figure 49～51 after the second high accuracy ring 615, still forms foreign steamer 2a by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 17 (this second high accuracy ring 615 is used as high accuracy ring 8b shown in Figure 1).
Above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 627 is formed in the operation of the above-mentioned second high accuracy ring 615, at first, as Figure 49 A and shown in Figure 50, carry out so-called pressure-sizing processing, promptly, under the state in the circular hole 630 that this second intermediate raw material 627 closely is embedded in die 629, its front end face at a pair of drift 631,631 is suppressed each other, the front end face of these two drifts 631,631 is respectively the conical concave shape of axial two sides of above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 627 of tight contact.Above-mentioned two drifts 631,631 that make front end face separately form this shape compress above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 627 vertically, distance between the front end face is contracted to suitable distance until inciting somebody to action separately, thereby makes these second intermediate raw material, 627 thickness reach appropriate value.At this moment, follow second intermediate raw material, 627 thickness to reach appropriate value and mobile clout partly concentrates on the inner peripheral portion of this second intermediate raw material 627.Therefore, if the central portion at this second intermediate raw material 627 of having implemented above-mentioned pressure-sizing processing forms the circular hole 632 that forms with the processing of the stamping-out shown in Figure 49 B (running through processing), then can obtain the volume four preparation intermediate raw material 633 identical with the above-mentioned second high accuracy ring, 628 volumes that will make.
After forming the 4th such preparation intermediate raw material 633, from the state shown in Figure 49 B until the state shown in Figure 49 C, enforcement is shunk and is made inner path portion to the direction that radial outside enlarges to radially inner side towards the outer path portion that makes the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633, makes cross-wise direction change 90 counter-rotating processing.Shown in Figure 51, by drift 635, above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 is pressed in the cylindric die 634, carry out this counter-rotating processing with this.This die 634 has centre bore, and this centre bore connects by flexure plane 638 and is arranged on the large-diameter portion 636 of peristome side and is arranged on the concentric minor diameter part 637 of inboard and this large-diameter portion 636.The internal diameter R of minor diameter part 637 wherein 37Less than the external diameter of above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 and greater than its internal diameter.In addition, the leading section of above-mentioned drift 635 forms tapered tapering.Add man-hour carrying out above-mentioned counter-rotating, at first, shown in Figure 51 A, with the inboard of above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 fastenings (setting) at above-mentioned large-diameter portion 636.Then, shown in Figure 51 B, C, above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 is pressed into the inboard of above-mentioned minor diameter part 637 by above-mentioned drift 635.As a result, counter the turning 90 degrees in cross section of the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633, thus obtain such cylindraceous above-mentioned second high accuracy ring 615 shown in Figure 49 C.
Follow with this counter-rotating of carrying out processing, the inner path portion of above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 that stretches so that above-mentioned gauge reduce, and, compress outer path portion so that this gauge increases.Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, because above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 is bigger at inner path portion in the axial width size, less at outer path portion, therefore, the radial thickness size of the above-mentioned second high accuracy ring 615 that under above-mentioned counter-rotating process finishing state, obtains in the axial direction (except the chamfered section of two end edge portions) be uniform.That is, under the state of above-mentioned counter-rotating process finishing, it is the cylindraceous above-mentioned second high accuracy ring 615 of limits value that above-mentioned the 4th preparation intermediate raw material 633 has formed internal diameter, external diameter, axial length.Therefore, the internal diameter R of above-mentioned minor diameter part 637 37Outer diameter D with the first half of above-mentioned drift 635 35Difference be the thickness T of the second high accuracy ring 615 that will make 152 times of (R of (referring to Figure 49 C) 37-D 35=2T 15).In the second high accuracy ring 615 as described above, embodiment such as above-mentioned cold working shown in Figure 1, thus form foreign steamer 2a.
Embodiment 24
Figure 52 has shown embodiments of the invention 24.In the present embodiment, to (first) preparation intermediate materials 616 (referring to Figure 52 B) of making in the mode identical with the foregoing description 23, enforcement is used to adjust outer peripheral face and the axially plastic working of both ends shape, obtains second intermediate raw material 639 shown in Figure 52 C.This second intermediate raw material 639 is axially forming identical and concentric circular shrinkage hole 640a, the 640b of diameter each other on the both ends of the surface central portion, and the external diameter that makes axial distolateral (referring to the upper end side of Figure 52 C) is less than other parts.
In the present embodiment, by the second such intermediate raw material 639 being implemented the upsetting processing of compression vertically, obtain discoideus the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 such shown in Figure 52 D.The 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 is provided with lug boss 642 and flange shape 617.Wherein be arranged on lug boss 642 on the central portion radially for by partition board portion 643 stem shaft cylindric to pars intermedia, and the axial width size is greater than the part in the outside partially radially.In addition, above-mentioned flange shape 619 peripheral part at above-mentioned lug boss 642 is to form with the concentric mode of this lug boss 642.For this gauge of flange shape 619, limit in the mode identical with the foregoing description 33.
The upsetting processing of described such the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 is also identical with foregoing embodiment 23 basically above forming, be by each other, compress the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 639 vertically and carry out at the external surface shape corresponding to a pair of mould of inner surface configuration and above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641.Particularly, in the present embodiment, before these two mould intervals each other reach setting, under the approaching state of these two moulds, can be arranged on drift on the central part of any one or two moulds vertically movably with respect to corresponding mould, suppress on central portion, thereby reduce the gauge of this central portion as above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 of machined object.And, reduce the axial width of the central portion of above-mentioned lug boss 642, and metal material is flowed from this central portion, make the metal material complete filling each other at above-mentioned two moulds.As a result, the axial length L of above-mentioned lug boss 642 42And above-mentioned flange shape 619 axial width size arrives setting.Its reason is, above-mentioned two moulds reached in their distances to each other under the state of setting stop.In addition, the radial thickness strictness of the various piece of above-mentioned lug boss 642 is restricted to the internal diameter of above-mentioned two moulds and above-mentioned drift (or part of mould) external diameter difference 1/2.In a word, the thickness of the partition board portion 643 of the axial central portion by changing above-mentioned lug boss 642 compensates the volumetric errors of the above-mentioned second preparation intermediate raw material 639.
After forming above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 in the above described manner, in the mode shown in Figure 52 E, process by the pressure stamping-out, the partition board portion 643 of axial pars intermedia of removing above-mentioned lug boss 642 at the central portion of the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 to be forming circular hole 644, thereby obtains first intermediate raw material 646 that has cylindrical portion 645 at central portion.Have with the axial corresponding to surface configuration in side of the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 and be provided with at central portion under the state on the mould of holding of punching in that above-mentioned the 3rd preparation intermediate raw material 641 is positioned over, by the blanking punch that inserts at above-mentioned lug boss 642 internal side diameters, aforementioned barriers portion 643 stamping-outs are become discoideus waste material 625, carry out this stamping-out processing thus.Make the external diameter of above-mentioned blanking punch consistent with the internal diameter of above-mentioned lug boss 642, the inner peripheral surface that makes above-mentioned stamping-out process above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 646 that obtains forms single barrel surface.
Shown in Figure 52 F, above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 646 that obtains in this way is at pars intermedia place radially, and the boundary portion office at the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned cylindrical portion 645 and above-mentioned flange shape 619 inner peripheral cuts off, to obtain the first high accuracy ring 647 and second intermediate raw material 627.Under the state that supports above-mentioned flange shape 619 an axial face (lower surface of Figure 52 F) at the upper surface that holds mould with ring-type, utilization has the blanking punch that makes front end face and the corresponding to shape of another face of this central portion, holds the axial another side of central portion (upper surface of Figure 52 F) that mould is suppressed above-mentioned first intermediate raw material 646 towards above-mentioned, carries out this cut-out operation thus.As this result who processes the cut-out operation that realizes by stamping-out, that the part that is obtained by above-mentioned cylindrical portion 645 has formed is cylindraceous, have the above-mentioned first high accuracy ring 647 of end difference 648,648 at the both ends outer peripheral face, has formed the second circular intermediate raw material 627 by above-mentioned flange shape 619 part that obtains.
In these the first high accuracy rings 647 and second intermediate raw material 627 of obtaining in this way, wheel 3a in the first high accuracy ring 647 is made by for example above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 16 (this first high accuracy ring 647 is used as first intermediate raw material 9 shown in Figure 16).Relative therewith, above-mentioned second intermediate raw material 627 is identical with the foregoing description 23, form after the second high accuracy ring 615 by the operation shown in Figure 49～51, still make foreign steamer 2a by above-mentioned operation shown in Figure 17 (with this second high accuracy ring 615 as high accuracy ring 8b shown in Figure 1).
In addition, with relevant the invention is characterized in of high accuracy ring of above explanation, for example, a pair of high accuracy ring of wheel and foreign steamer in can being used to make with the good efficiency manufacturing.The method that the high accuracy ring that obtains is processed into interior wheel or foreign steamer is not subjected to special qualification.
Though with reference to specific implementations the present invention is had been described in detail,, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: under the situation that does not break away from inventive concept and scope, can make various improvement and modification.
The application makes according to following document, and the content of these documents is introduced as a reference at this.
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2004-275835) of application on September 22nd, 2004
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2004-282970) of application on September 29th, 2004
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2004-285793) of application on September 30th, 2004
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2004-285794) of application on September 30th, 2004
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2005-165540) of application on June 6th, 2005
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2005-166450) of application on June 7th, 2005
The Japanese patent application (patent application 2005-170344) of application on June 10th, 2005

Claims (40)

1. be used for the manufacture method of the described radial ball bearing of radial ball bearing with rail wheel, wherein, described radial ball bearing is provided with: rail wheel, it is made of in foreign steamer and the interior wheel at least one, the outer wheel track that described foreign steamer forms cross section circular arc along whole circumference at the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface is as orbital plane, described in wheel form the inner track wheel road of cross section circular arc as orbital plane at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face along whole circumference; With a plurality of balls, it can freedom rollably be arranged between described inner track wheel road and the described outer wheel track, it is characterized in that this method is provided with following operation:
High accuracy raw material manufacturing procedure, by cold working make volume in fact with as the radial ball bearing of finished product the identical cylindric high accuracy raw material of volume with rail wheel; With
The rail wheel manufacturing procedure makes these high accuracy raw material produce plastic deformation by cold working, forms described orbital plane on the axial pars intermedia of described any one side face,
At least before heat treatment, do not remove the processing of material.
2. radial ball bearing according to claim 1 after the rail wheel manufacturing procedure, carries out accurately machined finishing step by rolling processing to orbital plane with the manufacture method of rail wheel.
3. the radial ball bearing according to claim 2 manufacture method of rail wheel, be arranged on the axial both ends of any one side face in the rail wheel sealing recess along whole circumference, when described finishing step, carry out fine finishining simultaneously with orbital plane by rolling processing from the position of axial sandwich orbital plane.
4. the radial ball bearing according to claim 1 manufacture method of rail wheel, the described rail wheel manufacturing procedure of the foreign steamer of described ball bearing has following operation:
Form first operation of first intermediate raw material, shrink by the diameter that makes the in fact identical cylindric raw-material axial part of volume with the foreign steamer volume that will make, make the part of this contraction form external diameter in fact with the identical minor diameter part of described foreign steamer external diameter, make the remainder that does not dwindle form large-diameter portion;
Form second operation of second intermediate raw material, in the axial pars intermedia inner peripheral surface of described first intermediate raw material on the part corresponding with described minor diameter part, the orbital plane curved surface of the cross section circular arc of at least a portion of wheel track outside the whole circumference formation formation of inner peripheral surface is described, and, make consistent with the thickness distribution of the appropriate section of the foreign steamer that will make in abutting connection with described orbital plane to axial with the radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the curved surface and the part of described large-diameter portion side; With
The 3rd operation is shunk so that the external diameter of the large-diameter portion of last second intermediate raw material is consistent with the external diameter of described minor diameter part the external diameter of described large-diameter portion.
5. the radial ball bearing according to claim 4 manufacture method of rail wheel, described outer wheel track is a shallow/deep groove type;
By in described the 3rd operation, shape and orbital plane are linked to each other with curved surface with this orbital plane with second curved surface with the track of curved surface symmetry be formed on the axial pars intermedia inner peripheral surface, thereby on the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface, form wheel track outside the described shallow/deep groove type.
6. the radial ball bearing according to claim 5 manufacture method of rail wheel, described manufacture method also has following operation:
Described foreign steamer has the fastening slot part of outer peripheral edges portion fastening on the axial both ends of inner peripheral surface that is used for sealing plate,
Before described first operation, on the raw-material axial both ends of high accuracy, form the front travel of internal diameter greater than the end difference of axial pars intermedia,
After the 3rd operation, this end difference is carried out plastic working to form the back operation of described fastening slot part.
7. the radial ball bearing according to claim 6 manufacture method of rail wheel, it is provided with after the operation of described back, and externally wheel track and two fastening slot parts carry out accurately machined finishing step simultaneously by rolling processing.
8. the radial ball bearing according to claim 1 manufacture method of rail wheel, the described rail wheel manufacturing procedure of interior wheel has following operation in the described ball bearing:
First operation, by the raw-material diameter of described cylindric high accuracy is shunk, on axial pars intermedia outer peripheral face, be formed on one side constituting the first orbital plane curved surface of cross section circular arc of the part in inner track wheel road, thus obtain this first orbital plane of clamping with curved surface, make an axial side half one form minor diameter part and make the intermediate raw material of axial second half formation large-diameter portion; With
Second operation, internal diameter as the described minor diameter part of an axial side half one of described intermediate raw material is extended to and the axial identical internal diameter of second half, and, with part that described first track links to each other with curved surface on form the second orbital plane curved surface of the remainder that constitutes described inner track wheel road.
9. the radial ball bearing according to claim 8 manufacture method of rail wheel, described inner track wheel road is a shallow/deep groove type;
In described manufacture method, described rail wheel manufacturing procedure also has middle operation between first operation and second operation, in this operation, be processed into second intermediate raw material by an axial part of compressing described intermediate raw material, on this second intermediate raw material, consistent with the distribution of the thickness of the appropriate section of the interior wheel that will make with described first track in the axial direction with radial thickness distribution vertically in the part of curved surface adjacency
In described second operation, on axial pars intermedia outer peripheral face, the part of curved surface raw material curved surface adjacency is used in utilization with described first track of having stipulated thickness distribution in the operation in the middle of described, make shape and described first orbital plane with second orbital plane of curved surface symmetry with curved surface and described first orbital plane with the curved surface formation that links to each other, thereby form described shallow/deep groove type inner track wheel road at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face.
10. the radial ball bearing according to claim 9 manufacture method of rail wheel,
Wheel has on the axial both ends of outer peripheral face and is used for sliding-contact or relatively near a pair of sealing end difference of the inner peripheral portion of sealing plate in described;
Described manufacture method also has following operation:
Before described first operation, on the raw-material axial both ends of described high accuracy, form external diameter prepares intermediate raw material with formation less than the end difference of axial pars intermedia front travel; With
After described second operation, this end difference is carried out plastic working to form the back operation of described two sealings with end difference.
11. radial ball bearing according to claim 10 also is provided with after the operation of described back with the manufacture method of rail wheel, internally wheel track and two sealings are carried out accurately machined finishing step with end difference simultaneously by rolling processing.
12. radial ball bearing is with the manufacture method of rail wheel, this radial ball bearing rail wheel is cylindric and forms the orbital plane of cross section circular arc along whole circumference on the axial pars intermedia of any one side face that this method is provided with following operation:
Implement first cold forging and make processing to obtain first operation of first intermediate raw material, this first cold forging is made processing and is pushed in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric raw material of volume each other at a pair of mould of relative displacement vertically, change the diameter of this a raw-material axial side half one, make this an axial side half one form minor diameter part, making axially, second half one forms large-diameter portion;
Implement second cold forging and make second operation of processing, this second cold forging is made processing described first intermediate raw material of extruding between another different with described first operation of relative displacement vertically is to mould, forms the radial thickness distribution in the axial direction of the part that will form described orbital plane in this first intermediate raw material at least and corresponding to second intermediate raw material of thickness distribution of the part of the orbital plane that forms the rail wheel after finishing; With
The 3rd operation, by making this second intermediate raw material rotation on one side, push the rolling processing of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral face of this second intermediate raw material on one side with approximating direction, make this second raw-material part radially produce plastic deformation, thereby form described orbital plane.
13. radial ball bearing according to claim 12 has the fastening groove of circumference fastening on the axial both ends of the side face that forms orbital plane that is used for sealing plate with the manufacture method of rail wheel, described rail wheel,
Described manufacture method has following operation:
Before described first operation, on raw-material axial both ends, form radially more recessed than axial pars intermedia end difference prepares intermediate raw material with formation front travel; With
On described end difference, form the 3rd operation of described fastening groove.
14. the radial ball bearing manufacture method of rail wheel, this radial ball bearing rail wheel is cylindric and forms the orbital plane of cross section circular arc on as the axial pars intermedia of any one side face of processed lateral circle surface along whole circumference that this method is provided with following operation:
Prepare cylindric raw material, its volume is identical with the volume essence of finished product, and make an opposite side with the face that forms described orbital plane side face, be that the diameter essence of the diameter of non-process side side face and finished product is identical,
By make described non-process side side face in fact seamlessly be arranged on support unit on the support side side face cooperate, it is bearing on this support unit,
On described processed lateral circle surface, process side side face along the corresponding to process side rotary part of this processed lateral circle surface shape of generatrix under described raw-material radial compression shape of generatrix and the finished product state, and, make that this process side rotary part is relative with described support unit to be rotated, thus described processed lateral circle surface is processed into the shape of the finished product that has described orbital plane at least.
15. the radial ball bearing according to claim 14 manufacture method of rail wheel, for on the axial both ends of the processed lateral circle surface of finished product, along whole circumference form radially than this processed lateral circle surface axially by the more recessed end difference of middle body, on the axial both ends of raw-material processed lateral circle surface, form end difference
Follow on described two end differences the process side rotary part attached to the pressure of this processed lateral circle surface, these two end differences and orbital plane are processed simultaneously.
16. the radial ball bearing according to claim 15 manufacture method of rail wheel, be present on the axial both ends that are arranged on raw-material processed lateral circle surface two end differences and axially by the cascaded surface between the middle body, for to along with radially leaving the inclined plane that the approximating direction of non-process side side face tilts
Described two cascaded surfaces with respect to the direction of described raw-material orthogonality of center shaft on the angle of inclination of the imaginary plane that exists, greater than the angle of inclination of the cascaded surface on the pairing part of rail wheel that is present in after finishing, and below 15 degree.
17. the raw-material axial both ends of the surface that radial ball bearing according to claim 14 with the manufacture method of rail wheel, is used to make rail wheel are for to along with leaving the inclined plane that the approaching mutually direction of non-process side side face tilts,
Described axial both ends of the surface with respect to the direction of described raw-material orthogonality of center shaft on the angle of inclination of the imaginary plane that exists below 20 degree.
18. radial ball bearing, have: rail wheel, it is made of in foreign steamer and the interior wheel at least one, the outer wheel track that described foreign steamer forms cross section circular arc along whole circumference at the axial pars intermedia of inner peripheral surface is as orbital plane, described in wheel form the inner track wheel road of cross section circular arc as orbital plane at the axial pars intermedia of outer peripheral face along whole circumference; With a plurality of balls, it can freedom rollably be arranged between described inner track wheel road and the described outer wheel track, it is characterized in that,
Described radial ball bearing makes with cold working manufacturing and in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric high accuracy raw material of volume by cold working and produces plastic deformation, and the surface configuration that will comprise described orbital plane is processed into identical with finished product in fact shape.
19. the radial ball bearing rail wheel, it is cylindric and along the orbital plane that forms cross section circular arc on the axial pars intermedia of inherent any one side face of whole circumference scope,
By the cold rolling that makes in fact identical with the finished-product volume cylindric raw material of volume produce the formed intermediate raw material enforcement of plastic deformation is processed, radially make at least a portion of this intermediate raw material produce plastic deformation, thereby the surface configuration that will comprise described orbital plane is processed into identical with finished product in fact shape.
20. radial ball bearing rail wheel according to claim 19,
The outer peripheral face of intermediate raw material is shaped as from the external diameter the best part to axial both ends of the surface, and this external diameter change direction does not reverse and do not have a shape of digging portion down; The inner peripheral surface of described intermediate raw material be shaped as part from the internal diameter minimum to axial both ends of the surface, this internal diameter varies direction does not reverse and does not have a shape of digging portion down.
21. the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring, this method has following operation:
The constraint operation retrains greater than a side face in long-pending cylindric raw-material inside and outside two side faces of the high accuracy ring body that will make volume, and its diameter is not changed;
Compression section, it can not retrain under the state of another side face at diameter with changing, vertically described raw material are compressed by cold working, so that axial dimension is consistent with the axial dimension of described high accuracy ring, form intermediate raw material, the clout part that surpasses the volume of this high accuracy ring in this intermediate raw material is dodged to the direction that described another side face is radially expanded; With
Remove operation, remove described clout part and make internal diameter, external diameter, axial length reach the cylindric ring of limits value with formation.
22. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, the described operation of removing has:
Squeeze the strand operation, radial dimension at another side face side, by the crowded strand instrument consistent strand is squeezed by the clout portion that is present on this another side face with the radial dimension of the high accuracy ring that will make, make described clout portion accumulate in the part that described another side face axis makes progress, thereby on this part, form radially outstanding flange shape portion, and make the diameter of remainder of described another side face consistent with the radial dimension of high accuracy ring
After described crowded strand operation, remove the operation of described flange shape portion by stamping-out processing.
23. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, the described operation of removing comprises the shave manufacturing procedure, at the radial dimension of another side face side, cut the clout portion that falls to being present on this another side face by the drift consistent with the radial dimension of the high accuracy ring that will make.
24. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, described manufacture method had following operation before the constraint operation:
Compress cylindric billet vertically to form the operation of discoideus intermediate raw material;
The central part that compresses described discoideus intermediate raw material vertically is so that the operation of the axial shrinkage of central part;
Push the outer path portion of described discoideus intermediate raw material backward and make it be deformed into extrusion process operation in rear cylindraceous by the relative direction of extrusion, be formed with second intermediate raw material of round-ended cylinder shape,
By the bottom of described second intermediate raw material of stamping-out, form described cylindric raw material.
25. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, described manufacture method had following operation before described constraint operation, promptly, by changing the circular intermediate raw material of making by the stamping-out formed metal plate, form described cylindric raw material to the direction that cross sectional shape is turned round turn 90 degrees.
26. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, the high accuracy ring raw material when constituting interior wheel of radial ball bearing by the cold working manufacturing, a side face is an outer peripheral face, and another side face is an inner peripheral surface.
27. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 21, high accuracy ring are the raw material when constituting the foreign steamer of radial ball bearing by the cold working manufacturing, a side face is an inner peripheral surface, and another side face is an outer peripheral face.
28. the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring is characterized in that, has following operation:
Compression volume is greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make vertically, to form the axial width size in the big and outside operation of the discoideus intermediate raw material that reduces gradually of circumference of central portion;
Central portion at described discoideus intermediate raw material forms circular hole to form the operation of the volume circular intermediate raw material identical with the volume of described high accuracy ring; With
The outer path portion that makes described circular intermediate raw material shrinks and inner path portion is expanded to radial outside to radially inner side, various piece by circumferencial direction on the cross section that makes described circular intermediate raw material is parallel to axial counter-rotating manufacturing procedure, making described circular intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length is the operation of the cylindric ring of limits value
The angle of described counter-rotating processing is changed to below 90 degree.
29. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 28, follow central portion to form circular hole at discoideus intermediate raw material, form recess at least one side in axial two sides of the part that should remove, thereby reduce the volume of this part of removing.
30. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 29, described circular intermediate raw material is formed by following operation:
For the discoideus intermediate raw material that is formed with recess, so that push vertically under the state that its external diameter does not enlarge, make the axial width size be contracted to appropriate value in its outer peripheral edges portion of constraint, and make the remainder of volume dodge operation to described recess; With
The central portion of the described discoideus intermediate raw material that comprises described recess is carried out the operation of stamping-out.
31. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 28, circular intermediate raw material is formed by following operation:
Form basic circular hole as the circular hole basis to form the operation of basic circular intermediate raw material at the central portion of discoideus intermediate raw material;
For the circular intermediate raw material in described basis, the constraint its outer peripheral edges portion so that push vertically under the state that its external diameter does not enlarge, make the axial width size be contracted to appropriate value, and the remainder of volume is dodged to the operation of the inner peripheral portion of described basic circular hole; With
Remove the operation of the described remainder of the inner peripheral portion that is present in described basic circular hole.
32. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 28, it is characterized in that, the outer peripheral edges portion of the discoideus intermediate raw material of state constraint that enlarges with the external diameter that stops this discoideus intermediate raw material, and, follow central portion to form circular hole at this discoideus intermediate raw material, only on an axial side of the part that should remove, form recess, reduce the volume of the part that should remove thus, and make being shaped as of described discoideus intermediate raw material form the shape of the coniform concave surface of outer path portion component part of recess one side, i.e. truncated conical shape roughly, the counter-rotating that makes circular intermediate raw material form cylindric ring adds the angle variable quantity in man-hour less than 90 degree.
33. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 28, compressing billet shape raw material vertically when making discoideus intermediate raw material, by the radial side that retrains this raw material or process axial two ends of the preparation intermediate raw material that this raw material form, can prevent the enlarged-diameter of axial two ends of these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material, by remove the part of the axial both ends of the surface that comprise these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material at the central portion of the described discoideus intermediate raw material that obtains, form circular hole to form circular intermediate raw material.
34. be used for the manufacturing installation of the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring, wherein, this metal system high accuracy ring is made by this manufacture method, this manufacture method is characterised in that,
Compression volume is greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make vertically, to form the axial width size in the big and outside operation of the discoideus intermediate raw material that reduces gradually of circumference of central portion;
Central part at described discoideus intermediate raw material forms circular hole, to form the volume circular raw-material operation identical with the volume of described high accuracy ring;
The outer path portion of described circular intermediate raw material is shunk to radially inner side, and inner path portion is expanded to radial outside, various piece by circumferencial direction on the cross section that makes described circular intermediate raw material is parallel to axial counter-rotating manufacturing procedure, and making described circular intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length is the operation of the cylindric ring of limits value;
The angle of described counter-rotating processing is changed to below 90 degree,
Compressing vertically billet shape raw material when making discoideus intermediate raw material; By to this raw material or the radial side of processing axial two ends of the preparation intermediate raw material that this raw material form retrain; The diameter that prevents axial two ends of these raw material or preparation intermediate raw material enlarges; By remove the part of the axial both ends of the surface that comprise described raw material or preparation intermediate raw material at the central portion of the described discoideus intermediate raw material that obtains; Form circular hole to form circular intermediate raw material
Described manufacturing installation has:
Fixed block;
Die, this die drops to when applying big pressure under the upper surface state of contact with this fixed block, elastic bearing above this fixed block, and, have free embedded billet shape raw material or process the downside centre bore of the bottom of the formed preparation intermediate raw material of these raw material;
Can pass the reverse drift of this downside centre bore with respect to this die up and down;
Annular punch, it is when applying big pressure with one heart on the part of the pressure head of the stamping machine above being arranged at this die with this die, rise under the state of this pressure head lower surface of contact, elastic bearing and has the upper center hole of the upper end of free embedded described billet shape raw material or described preparation intermediate raw material below this pressure head; With
Can pass the drift in this upper center hole with respect to this annular punch up and down.
35. the manufacturing installation of high accuracy ring according to claim 34, at least under the state before the discoideus intermediate raw material process finishing, oppositely drift can not be supported up and down with respect to fixed block, drift can not be supported up and down with respect to pressure head, under the state of the upper surface of the lower surface of die contact fixed block, the upper surface of described reverse drift is present in than the more downward recessed position of the upper surface of this die, contact at the upper surface of annular punch under the state of lower surface of described pressure head, described drift is present in lower surface than this annular punch more to the position that is recessed on.
36. the manufacture method of metal system high accuracy ring, this method has following operation at least:
First intermediate raw material forms operation, at compression volume vertically greater than the long-pending billet shape raw material of the high accuracy ring body that will make, and form circular hole at central portion radially, to form first intermediate raw material, it has the cylindrical portion of specific thickness size and regulation axial dimension at central portion, and, be provided with the flange shape portion of outward flange shape at the periphery of this cylindrical portion;
Segmentation process, radially pars intermedia at this first intermediate raw material, and divide in the interface of the inner peripheral of the outer peripheral face of described cylindrical portion and described flange shape portion and to cut off this first intermediate raw material, with wherein by the part of cylindrical portion gained as the cylindric first high accuracy ring, will be from the part of described flange shape gained as circular second intermediate raw material; With
The second high accuracy ring forms operation, and this operation is processed by the counter-rotating that the cross-wise direction that makes described second intermediate raw material changes 90 degree, makes this second intermediate raw material formation internal diameter, external diameter, axial length be the cylindric second high accuracy ring of limits value.
37. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 36, form in the operation at described first intermediate raw material, by compressing raw-material axial two ends with mutual approaching direction, form the axial width size greater than the lug boss of outer part radially at central portion radially, peripheral part at this lug boss forms flange shape portion
The central portion of lug boss wherein crush vertically reducing the axial width of this central portion, and increase the axial width of the outer path portion of this lug boss, the part that has reduced thickness to described central portion is carried out stamping-out and is formed circular hole afterwards.
38. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 36, form in the operation at described first intermediate raw material, by compressing raw-material axial two end central portions to reduce the axial width of this central portion with mutual approaching direction, thereby form axial two sides from flange shape portion to axially outstanding basic cylindrical portion, afterwards, the part that has reduced thickness to described central portion is carried out stamping-out and is formed circular hole.
39. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 36 forms between the operation at the described segmentation process and the second high accuracy ring, is provided with following operation:
The constraint the second intermediate raw material outer peripheral edges portion so that under the state that the external diameter of this second intermediate raw material does not enlarge, carry out vertically this second intermediate raw material being compressed to the pier forging processing of specific thickness, make the clout parts of this second intermediate raw material flow to inner peripheral portion
Afterwards, remove this inner peripheral portion and remove this clout part by running through processing, thereby make the volume of described second intermediate raw material reach desirable value.
40. the manufacture method of high accuracy ring according to claim 36, the axial width size that is formed the flange shape portion that operation forms by the first high accuracy ring are by radially the central portion place is bigger, outside more circumference is more little,
Form in the operation at the second high accuracy ring, the outer path portion of second intermediate raw material is shunk to radially inner side, and inner path portion is implemented counter-rotating processing with the direction that enlarges to radial outside.
CN 200580031986 2004-09-22 2005-09-20 Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring Pending CN101027143A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004275835A JP2006090407A (en) 2004-09-22 2004-09-22 Bearing ring for radial ball bearing and its manufacturing method
JP275835/2004 2004-09-22
JP282970/2004 2004-09-29
JP285794/2004 2004-09-30
JP285793/2004 2004-09-30
JP289566/2004 2004-10-01
JP351816/2004 2004-12-03
JP165540/2005 2005-06-06
JP166450/2005 2005-06-07
JP170344/2005 2005-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101027143A true CN101027143A (en) 2007-08-29

Family

ID=36231584

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 200580031986 Pending CN101027143A (en) 2004-09-22 2005-09-20 Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2006090407A (en)
CN (1) CN101027143A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104295612A (en) * 2014-10-22 2015-01-21 德清恒丰机械有限公司 Automobile bearing outer ring forge piece
CN105945201A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-09-21 上海交通大学 Forming mold and method of inner ring-carried cup piece based on split combined mold dismounting device
CN107667228A (en) * 2015-06-12 2018-02-06 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Angular contact ball bearing with a cold-formed bearing ring and method for producing a bearing ring of an angular contact ball bearing
CN107810069A (en) * 2015-07-23 2018-03-16 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Method for the non-cutting production of a bearing ring for a rolling bearing and rolling bearing comprising said bearing ring
CN109195726A (en) * 2016-07-19 2019-01-11 日本精工株式会社 The manufacturing method of cylindric ring component, bearing, clutch, vehicle and machine
CN110496929A (en) * 2019-08-13 2019-11-26 贵州航宇科技发展股份有限公司 A method of using the poly- material base of ring rolling machine axial rolling
WO2020029008A1 (en) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-13 臧志成 Separator plate forming method
CN114029711A (en) * 2021-12-08 2022-02-11 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 Bearing ring assembly machining method
CN114406608A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-29 江苏保捷精锻有限公司 Bearing ring grinding and expanding manufacturing process

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009131874A (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-18 Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd Method of manufacturing ring product having annular recessed groove on outside-diameter surface by conrolling fiber flow in form rolling
JP2009148767A (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-07-09 Kanai:Kk Method for manufacturing strap bolt, and strap bolt
EP4424435A1 (en) 2021-11-24 2024-09-04 NSK Ltd. Method for manufacturing bearing ring member
JPWO2023095701A1 (en) 2021-11-24 2023-06-01

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01317638A (en) * 1988-06-17 1989-12-22 Kotani Tanko Kk Method and device for manufacturing hub unit bearing outer ring for automobile
JPH0683872B2 (en) * 1989-08-31 1994-10-26 エヌティエヌ株式会社 Cold rolling method for bearing material

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104295612A (en) * 2014-10-22 2015-01-21 德清恒丰机械有限公司 Automobile bearing outer ring forge piece
CN107667228A (en) * 2015-06-12 2018-02-06 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Angular contact ball bearing with a cold-formed bearing ring and method for producing a bearing ring of an angular contact ball bearing
US10465744B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2019-11-05 Scjaeffer Technologies AG & Co. KG Angular contact ball bearing having a cold-formed bearing ring, and a method for manufacturing a bearing ring of said angular contact ball bearing
CN107810069A (en) * 2015-07-23 2018-03-16 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Method for the non-cutting production of a bearing ring for a rolling bearing and rolling bearing comprising said bearing ring
US11105373B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2021-08-31 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for non-cutting manufacturing of a bearing ring for a rolling bearing and rolling bearing comprising the bearing ring
CN105945201A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-09-21 上海交通大学 Forming mold and method of inner ring-carried cup piece based on split combined mold dismounting device
CN109195726A (en) * 2016-07-19 2019-01-11 日本精工株式会社 The manufacturing method of cylindric ring component, bearing, clutch, vehicle and machine
WO2020029008A1 (en) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-13 臧志成 Separator plate forming method
CN110496929A (en) * 2019-08-13 2019-11-26 贵州航宇科技发展股份有限公司 A method of using the poly- material base of ring rolling machine axial rolling
CN114029711A (en) * 2021-12-08 2022-02-11 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 Bearing ring assembly machining method
CN114029711B (en) * 2021-12-08 2022-07-22 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 Bearing ring assembly machining method
CN114406608A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-29 江苏保捷精锻有限公司 Bearing ring grinding and expanding manufacturing process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006090407A (en) 2006-04-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101027143A (en) Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring
EP1792672A1 (en) Raceway ring for radial ball bearing, method of producing the raceway ring, and method and device for producing high precision ring
US6872061B2 (en) Method for making a moineau stator and resulting stator
EP0439764A2 (en) Process for manufacturing hollow one-piece metal elements
CN102172765B (en) Manufacturing method for bearing outer ring
CN106363031A (en) Rotating extrusion forming method for large height-width ratio inner ring rib formed by hollow blank
CN1438923A (en) Method and device for producing steel, especialy stainless steel press fittings
US8033153B1 (en) Method and apparatus for manufacturing a battery terminal with undercut rings
CN112475806B (en) QCr0.8 alloy large-size conical-cylindrical ring forming process
CN101925423A (en) Method for manufacturing outward-flanged metallic member
CN101708526B (en) Method and die for forming driven helical gear profile of automobile rear axle
CN102764847B (en) Precision forming method of straight/helical tooth cylindrical gear
KR100560075B1 (en) Rack Shaft Manufacturing Method and Apparatus
US6178801B1 (en) Forging device for crown-shaped helical gear
US4109365A (en) Method for forming contoured tubing
JPS62237295A (en) Specially formed heat transfer pipe and manufacture thereof
CN104942593A (en) Belt wheel extrusion-spinning near-net forming device
JP2006123003A (en) Method and apparatus for producing high precision ring
CN109604436B (en) Method for forming variable-section special-shaped single tube of thrust chamber body part of liquid rocket engine
CN1074692C (en) Closed forging technology and rotary step type forging press
CN109663829B (en) Precision aluminum profile extrusion forming equipment
CN212019275U (en) Special rotary swaging device for large-diameter rotary swaging rod pipe
CN111889528B (en) Secondary torsion extrusion device and method for variable cross-section cavity of refined crystal grains
CN113617994A (en) Hot extrusion forming process and die for long-neck shaft tube
CN203484467U (en) Manufacturing equipment for large-pipe-diameter titanium corrugated pipe and corrugated pipe

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Open date: 20070829