CN101026252B - Charging method and circuit for chargeable battery - Google Patents

Charging method and circuit for chargeable battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101026252B
CN101026252B CN200710073310A CN200710073310A CN101026252B CN 101026252 B CN101026252 B CN 101026252B CN 200710073310 A CN200710073310 A CN 200710073310A CN 200710073310 A CN200710073310 A CN 200710073310A CN 101026252 B CN101026252 B CN 101026252B
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circuit
current
charging
rechargeable battery
pwm control
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CN101026252A (en
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邹红钢
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

This invention relates to a charge method and a circuit for charge cells, in which, the method includes: controlling the output charged current to rise from zero to the peak value Im of the charge current in the specific time period t1 to t2 by adjusting the duty ratio of PWM control signal, and t1 and t2 are the beginning and ending time of the rising stage of the current, setting t the time as the X shaft, i the charge current as the Y shaft, keeping the peak value in the period of t2 to t3 to output charged current continuously, t3 is the ending time of the stable stage, the circuit includes a MCU process circuit and a current control circuit, and the MCU process circuit outputs PWM control signal of the monotony change of the duty ratio to the switch tube conversion circuit in the specific time period t1 to t2 and the output current of the current control conversion circuit rises to the peak value IM of the charge current.

Description

A kind of charging method of rechargeable battery and charging circuit
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind ofly can prolong the rechargeable battery charging method and the charging circuit in useful life.
[background technology]
Because rechargeable battery has and can repeatedly recycle, and has been widely used in the portable type electronic product, the application on mobile phone is particularly outstanding.The product that existing charger, charger etc. charge to rechargeable battery, no matter adopt the mode of what charging, fill mode as constant current, constant voltage, the equal perseverance of PWM more piece, the capital had a significant impact the life-span of rechargeable battery, was example with constant current, constant voltage, after the rechargeable battery over-discharge can, charged battery voltage is very low, if directly this rechargeable battery is charged, can have a strong impact on the performance of rechargeable battery each side, and then have influence on the useful life of rechargeable battery with the mode of constant current or constant voltage.In the charging quickly technology, (pulse) PWM of belt discharge is more satisfactory to the charging effect of battery, and each PWM waveform all is made up of many impulse currents.
As everyone knows,, can effectively prolong the useful life of rechargeable battery, can also improve the stability of rechargeable battery discharge,, then may greatly reduce the useful life of rechargeable battery if charging modes is improper if charging modes is suitable.The shortcoming of these charging modes is in the prior art:
1, in the moment that begins the rechargeable battery charging, charger output all is impulse current or pulse current, because impulse current was added to suddenly on the rechargeable battery in moment, caused the damage to a certain extent of rechargeable battery inside easily, thereby had shortened the useful life of rechargeable battery.
2, also chronic damage can be formed at the charging impulse current that moment produced, also unnecessary trouble can be caused the contact point of switch element, charger and rechargeable battery.
Though 3, the sawtooth waveforms charging can cushion by the impact electric current to some extent, can make rechargeable electrical energy can not get effective utilization, causes waste of electric energy, also can influence the effect of charging simultaneously.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of charging method and charging circuit of rechargeable battery, can cushion the impulse current of the moment that begins to charge, improves the utilance of rechargeable electrical energy, prolongs the useful life of rechargeable battery.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of charging method of rechargeable battery may further comprise the steps at least:
101, electric current ascent stage: by regulating the duty ratio of pwm control signal, the charging current of control output is at t1 to t2 in the time period, rise to charging current peak I m by null value, wherein, t1, t2 are respectively beginning, the finish time of electric current ascent stage, and t is the time, as X-axis, i is a charging current, as Y-axis;
102, the current stabilization stage: keep the size of peak I m to continue the output charging current in t2 to the t3 period, wherein, t3 is the finish time in current stabilization stage.
In the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is an oblique line section by the waveform that null value rises to peak I m, and one of described oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, Im).
In the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value, and one section is the oblique line section, and another section is the vertical line section; One of described oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, I1), one of described vertical line section sit up straight and be designated as (t2, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); Or sitting up straight and be designated as (t1,0) of described vertical line section, other end coordinate be (t1, I1), one of described oblique line section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); Wherein I1 is greater than 0, less than Im.
In the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value, one section is the vertical line section, one section is the monotonic increase curved section, and one of described vertical line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate is (t1, I1), one of described monotonic increase curved section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im).
In the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is a charging current value monotonically increasing curved section in time by the waveform that null value rises to peak value.
Described step 101 and step 102 are carried out repeatedly with the period T circulation, and wherein T deducts the difference of t1 more than or equal to t3.
A kind of charging circuit of rechargeable battery, comprise former limit circuit, pwm control circuit, transformer and secondary circuit, the pwm control signal of the main switch output control main switch conducting/shutoff of described pwm control circuit in the circuit of the former limit of described transformer, the former limit winding of described transformer is according to the conducting/shutoff of main switch, the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding, is exported by secondary circuit;
Also comprise MCU treatment circuit and feedback circuit, described MCU treatment circuit detects the output of described secondary circuit, and control the pwm control signal of described pwm control circuit output duty cycle monotone variation in special time period t1 to t2 by feedback circuit, the output current of described secondary circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value.
To be duty ratio by 0% rise described duty ratio monotone variation changes to 100% or descend by 100% and to change to 0%.
A kind of charging circuit of rechargeable battery, comprise former limit circuit, PWM control Driver Circuit, feedback circuit, transformer and secondary circuit, described feedback circuit is to the output of PWM control Driver Circuit feedback secondary circuit, the PWM control Driver Circuit is closed, provide fixing pwm control signal and drive described former limit circuit, the former limit winding of described transformer with the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding;
Also comprise MCU treatment circuit and Current Control change-over circuit, described Current Control change-over circuit is electrically connected with described secondary circuit, described MCU treatment circuit detects the output of described Current Control change-over circuit, and in special time period t1 to t2 the pwm control signal of the switching tube output duty cycle monotone variation in described Current Control change-over circuit, the output current of described Current Control change-over circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value.
Described Current Control change-over circuit is booster circuit or reduction voltage circuit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
In beginning or middle when rechargeable battery is charged, the rising edge of charging current waveform is become the mode of slow rising, current value is ascending to rise stage by stage, arrive stable peak always, play the effect of buffering, avoid occurring impulse current and directly be added on the rechargeable battery, when having reduced charging to the damage of rechargeable battery, can increase charging times, effectively prolong the useful life of rechargeable battery, also can prevent the impact failure charger rechargeable battery; In the charge waveforms that adopts the inventive method to obtain arranged the current stabilization stage, this has just guaranteed to have improved with respect to the charging modes of sawtooth waveform the utilance of electric energy.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the waveform schematic diagram () of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the waveform schematic diagram (two) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the waveform schematic diagram (three) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the waveform schematic diagram (four) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the waveform schematic diagram (five) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the waveform schematic diagram (six) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the waveform schematic diagram (seven) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the waveform schematic diagram (eight) of charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a charging circuit schematic diagram () of using charging method of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a charging circuit schematic diagram (two) of using charging method of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a charging circuit schematic diagram (three) of using charging method of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further set forth:
In order to overcome in the prior art problem that has impulse current in the moment that rechargeable battery begun charge, the charging current waveform that the present invention adopts mainly is the rising edge that replaces waveform with the electric current ascent stage, play the effect of buffering charging current, the damage that the impact of moment of reducing to charge brings to rechargeable battery, simultaneously, in order to improve the utilance of rechargeable electrical energy, also be provided with the current stabilization stage in the charging current waveform of the present invention, to guarantee having enough big integral area electric energy to be utilized effectively.
Charging method of the present invention comprises following two steps at least:
1, electric current ascent stage: by regulating the duty ratio of pwm control signal, the charging current of control output is in special time period t1 to t2, rise to charging current peak I m by null value, wherein, t1, t2 are respectively beginning, the finish time of electric current ascent stage, t1 is more than or equal to 0, t2 is greater than t1, and establishing t is the time, as X-axis, i is a charging current, as Y-axis; In this step; the charging current peak value has passed through t1 to the t2 time period and has just reached; the rising edge that is the charging current waveform is not just to rise to current peak in moment; but postponed a period of time; so for rechargeable battery; play the effect of buffer protection, be difficult for making the rechargeable battery content to cause damage.
2, the current stabilization stage: keep the size of peak I m to continue the output charging current in t2 to the t3 period, wherein, t3 is the finish time in current stabilization stage; This step helps guaranteeing that electric energy rationally utilizes.
Fig. 1 is the waveform schematic diagram () of charging current of the present invention, and charging current is an oblique line section by the waveform that null value rises to peak I m in the electric current ascent stage of this waveform, and one of this oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, Im).Just beginning to charge t1 constantly, charging current is 0, and after after a while, at t2 constantly, the value of charging current rises to maximum (peak value), and afterwards, charging current peak value is always charged to rechargeable battery.As: t1 to t2 is 1ms, the electric current maximum of PWM=100% correspondence, the electric current minimum of PWM=0% correspondence, in when beginning charging, every 0.01ms adds 1% duty ratio and is added to 100% always; Also can be the electric current maximum of PWM=0% correspondence, the electric current minimum of PWM=100% correspondence, when the charging beginning, every 0.01ms subtracts 1% duty ratio, reduces to 0% always; So just can obtain charging current waveform shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 2 is the waveform schematic diagram (two) of charging current of the present invention, and charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value in the electric current ascent stage of this waveform, and one section is the oblique line section, and another section is the vertical line section; One of vertical line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t1, I1), and sitting up straight and be designated as that (t1, I1), other end coordinate is that (t2, Im), wherein I1 is greater than 0, less than Im of oblique line section.This waveform table is shown in the charging t1 zero hour, and charging current value suddenlys change earlier to I1, rises to peak I m by the I1 value again, though also there is impulse current here, but the value of I1 is little with respect to Im, and therefore also very little to the damage of rechargeable battery, the useful life of rechargeable battery is also longer relatively.Charging current waveform shown in this figure can realize like this, as: t1 to t2 is 1ms, the charging current maximum of PWM=100% correspondence, the charging current minimum of PWM=0% correspondence, directly output 60% when starting, every then 0.025ms adds 1% duty ratio, is added to 100% always.
It is pointed out that waveform shown in Figure 2 can also be that one of oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, I1), one of vertical line section sit up straight and be designated as (t2, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); The sequencing that both of these case oblique line section and vertical line section produce is opposite.
Fig. 3 is the waveform schematic diagram (three) of charging current of the present invention, and charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value in the electric current ascent stage of this waveform, and one section is the vertical line section, one section is the monotonic increase curved section, and one of described vertical line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate is (t1, I1), one of described monotonic increase curved section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate is (t2, Im), wherein I1 is greater than 0, less than Im.This waveform table is shown in the charging t1 zero hour, and charging current value suddenlys change earlier to I1, rises to peak I m by the I1 value again, though also there is impulse current here, but the value of I1 is little with respect to Im, and therefore also very little to the damage of rechargeable battery, the useful life of rechargeable battery is also longer relatively.As: t1 to t2 is 1ms, the charging current maximum (as 1A) of PWM=100% correspondence, the charging current minimum of PWM=0% correspondence, directly output 60% when starting, every then 0.025ms (perhaps 0.01ms) calls the required duty ratio of electric current in the form (greater than 60%, as 61%, 67%, 75%, a series of duty ratio such as 80%), the time that the number of times that calls and the product that calls are at interval added up equals 1ms and just can meet the demands, as 0.01ms*20+0.04ms*20=1ms, 0.02ms*20+0.03ms*20=1ms, 0.025*40=1ms etc., here be limited on the number of times that calls 40 times, form is meant the duty ratio data of forms mode record, electric current duty ratio in the form can survey out, also can calculate.
Abridged table is exemplified below:
100% 99% …… …… 50% …… 30% …… 1% 0%
1000mA 990mA 500mA 300mA 10mA 0mA
It is pointed out that waveform shown in Figure 3 can also be that one of monotonic increase curved section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t1, I1), one of described vertical line section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); The sequencing that both of these case vertical line section and monotonic increase curved section produce is opposite.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively waveform schematic diagram (four), (five) and (six) of charging current of the present invention, such electric current ascent stage waveform is a charging current value monotonically increasing curved section in time, in whole electric current ascent stage, current value is dull in time all the time to be increased.As: elder generation comes out the electric current duty ratio and preserves duty ratio data at that time with algorithm or actual measurement, call the required duty ratio of the electric current in the form one time by the every 0.01ms of curved section requirement then.
In charging current, there is the periodically situation of charging, promptly in the whole process that rechargeable battery is charged, has a plurality of charge cycles that comprise electric current ascent stage and current stabilization stage, carry out repeatedly with the period T circulation, wherein T deducts the difference of t1 more than or equal to t3.
Fig. 7 and oscillogram shown in Figure 8 all belong to the periodically situation of charging, and the process with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is similar respectively for the implementation procedure in its one-period, repeats no more here.
The rising that it is pointed out that above-mentioned charging current waveform is actually step-like rising, and just step is very little, can be similar to be seen as curve and to rise.
In sum, charging current waveform of the present invention comprises electric current ascent stage and current stabilization stage at least, the current stabilization stage also can remain to charging always and finish, and also can be all periodically to occur in electric current ascent stage and current stabilization stage, can realize purpose of the present invention equally.
In order to use charging method of the present invention, can realize by following several (the present invention has enumerated three kinds) circuit:
Fig. 9 is a charging circuit schematic diagram () of using charging method of the present invention, and this charging circuit comprises former limit circuit, pwm control circuit, transformer, secondary circuit, MCU treatment circuit and feedback circuit;
Here former limit circuit contains the power input part branch, (interference that prevents charging circuit generation itself enters the power input part branch to play the EMI circuit that disturbs buffer action, prevent that simultaneously the interference on the power line from entering charging circuit), rectification circuit, sharpening peak circuit, start-up circuit and drive circuit, wherein, drive circuit includes the main switch of former limit circuit, the pulse spike that sharpening peak circuit produces in the time of can preventing the switching tube open and close;
Here secondary circuit contains rectification circuit, sharpening peak circuit, counnter attack jar circuit, voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit and discharge circuit;
For reference is arranged when changing output current, described MCU treatment circuit (detects electric current at that time by the output that described voltage sample circuit and current sampling circuit detect described secondary circuit, thereby can suitably adjust electric current), and control the pwm control signal of described pwm control circuit output duty cycle monotone variation in special time period t1 to t2 by feedback circuit, duty ratio rises by 0% and changes to 100% or descend by 100% and to change to 0%, main switch in the drive circuit is according to the corresponding conducting of this pwm control signal/shutoff, the former limit winding of described transformer is according to the conducting/shutoff of main switch, with the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding, by secondary circuit output, the output current of described secondary circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value.
More than be the circuit theory diagrams of charging current being controlled by the mode of controlling former limit.
Mode below by the control secondary is controlled charging current:
Figure 10 is a charging circuit schematic diagram (two) of using charging method of the present invention, this charging circuit comprises former limit circuit, the PWM control Driver Circuit, feedback circuit, transformer, secondary circuit, MCU treatment circuit and reduction voltage circuit, when luminous tube has electric current to pass through, the recipient of photoelectricity coupling opens work, thereby the PWM control Driver Circuit is closed, when the PWM control pin is uncontrolled, provide the former limit of fixing pwm control signal and driving transformer circuit working, the former limit winding of described transformer with the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding: described reduction voltage circuit is electrically connected with described secondary circuit, for reference is arranged when changing output current, described MCU treatment circuit detects the output of described Current Control change-over circuit, and in special time period t1 to t2 the pwm control signal of the switching tube output duty cycle monotone variation in described reduction voltage circuit, the output current of described reduction voltage circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value.
Figure 11 is a charging circuit schematic diagram (three) of using charging method of the present invention, and the difference of this figure and Figure 10 is, has adopted booster circuit---boost circuit replaces reduction voltage circuit, and other operation principles are identical.

Claims (10)

1. the charging method of a rechargeable battery is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps at least:
101, electric current ascent stage: by regulating the duty ratio of pwm control signal, the charging current of control output is at t1 to t2 in the time period, rise to charging current peak I m by null value, wherein, t2>t1, t1, t2 are respectively beginning, the finish time of electric current ascent stage, t is the time, as X-axis, i is a charging current, as Y-axis;
102, the current stabilization stage: keep the size of peak I m to continue the output charging current in t2 to the t3 period, wherein, t3 is the finish time in current stabilization stage, t3>t2.
2. the charging method of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is an oblique line section by the waveform that null value rises to peak I m, one of described oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, Im).
3. the charging method of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value, and one section is the oblique line section, and another section is the vertical line section; One of described oblique line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate be (t2, I1), one of described vertical line section sit up straight and be designated as (t2, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); Or sitting up straight and be designated as (t1,0) of described vertical line section, other end coordinate be (t1, I1), one of described oblique line section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); Wherein I1 is greater than 0, less than Im.
4. the charging method of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is divided into two sections by the waveform that null value rises to peak value, one section is the vertical line section, one section is the monotonic increase curved section, and one of described vertical line section is sat up straight and is designated as (t1,0), other end coordinate is (t1, I1), one of described monotonic increase curved section sit up straight and be designated as (t1, I1), other end coordinate be (t2, Im); Wherein I1 is greater than 0, less than Im.
5. the charging method of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 101 electric current ascent stage: charging current is a charging current value monotonically increasing curved section in time by the waveform that null value rises to peak value.
6. the charging method of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 101 and step 102 are carried out repeatedly with the period T circulation, and wherein T deducts the difference of t1 more than or equal to t3.
7. the charging circuit of a rechargeable battery, comprise former limit circuit, pwm control circuit, transformer and secondary circuit, the pwm control signal of the main switch output control main switch conducting/shutoff of described pwm control circuit in the circuit of the former limit of described transformer, the former limit winding of described transformer is according to the conducting/shutoff of main switch, the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding, is exported by secondary circuit; It is characterized in that:
Also comprise MCU treatment circuit and feedback circuit, described MCU treatment circuit detects the output of described secondary circuit, and control the pwm control signal of described pwm control circuit output duty cycle monotone variation in special time period t1 to t2 by feedback circuit, the output current of described secondary circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value; Wherein, t2>t1.
8. the charging circuit of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 7 is characterized in that: to be duty ratio by 0% rise described duty ratio monotone variation changes to 100% or descend by 100% and to change to 0%.
9. the charging circuit of a rechargeable battery, comprise former limit circuit, PWM control Driver Circuit, feedback circuit, transformer and secondary circuit, described feedback circuit is to the output of PWM control Driver Circuit feedback secondary circuit, the PWM control Driver Circuit is closed, provide fixing pwm control signal and drive described former limit circuit, the former limit winding of described transformer with the couple electrical energy of former limit circuit on the secondary winding; It is characterized in that:
Also comprise MCU treatment circuit and Current Control change-over circuit, described Current Control change-over circuit is electrically connected with described secondary circuit, described MCU treatment circuit detects the output of described Current Control change-over circuit, and in special time period t1 to t2 the pwm control signal of the switching tube output duty cycle monotone variation in described Current Control change-over circuit, the output current of described Current Control change-over circuit is corresponding to rise to charging current peak I m by null value; Wherein, t2>t1.
10. the charging circuit of a kind of rechargeable battery according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described Current Control change-over circuit is booster circuit or reduction voltage circuit.
CN200710073310A 2007-02-09 2007-02-09 Charging method and circuit for chargeable battery Expired - Fee Related CN101026252B (en)

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CN101894208A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-24 浙江理工大学 Pulse duty ratio calculation method for series power storage battery equalizing circuit switch device
CN109217426A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-15 江苏博强新能源科技股份有限公司 Battery management system, method for communication base station
CN110594477B (en) * 2019-09-29 2020-12-29 南京航启电液控制设备有限公司 Soft landing PWM control method and system for piezoelectric high-speed switch valve

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CN1328708A (en) * 1998-11-24 2001-12-26 松下电器产业株式会社 Charging/discharging control method for secondary battery
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CN1328708A (en) * 1998-11-24 2001-12-26 松下电器产业株式会社 Charging/discharging control method for secondary battery
CN1349274A (en) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-15 北京嘉昌机电设备制造有限公司 Comprehensive charge mode

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