CN101025052A - Cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board and its construction method - Google Patents
Cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101025052A CN101025052A CN 200710200286 CN200710200286A CN101025052A CN 101025052 A CN101025052 A CN 101025052A CN 200710200286 CN200710200286 CN 200710200286 CN 200710200286 A CN200710200286 A CN 200710200286A CN 101025052 A CN101025052 A CN 101025052A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cast-in-site watery concrete stand template and its constructing method, where the seat platform and seat-back stile are encircled with seat platform bed template panel, seat back stile's up-front vertical surface hanger template, seat back stile's down-front vertical template panel, rear vertical template panel and seat back stile's bed template panel, and the position of the ventilating hole is pre-buried with PVC pipe; the external angle position is equipped with an circular-arch chamfered external angle die strip plate; a triangular strip is cut off outside the bottom end of the seat back stile's up-front vertical surface hanger template in the internal angle position; horizontal secondary keel and vertical primary keel are used to support the back of each template panel; the primary keel is supported on support beam, the support beam is arranged on the support beam body; the primary keel of the hanger template hangs and is supported by temporary vertical support, and wall-passing bolt runs in order through the primary keel of the hanger template, seat back stile's up-front vertical surface hanger template, ventilating hole, rear vertical template panel and the primary keel of the rear vertical template panel and is fastened. And the invention advances constructing schedule, assures construction quality and besides, reduces engineering cost.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the job practices of concrete viewing platform form board and concrete grandstand in a kind of stadiums.
(2) background technology
See in the building operations of platen do not have the one-time formed concrete of cast-in-situ clear-water to see platen at large-scale stadium, the job practices of conventional concrete grandstand mostly is the post forming job practices of plastering after precast concrete job practices or the cast-in-situ concrete.Wherein precast concrete grandstand cost is high, the lifting construction difficulty, and globality is poor.The way of moulding grandstand plaster after the cast-in-situ concrete owing to increased floated coat one, not only delayed the duration, strengthened the structure dead load, and occurred common quality defect such as hollowing, cracking in the plastering engineering easily.1., the grandstand inner corner trim of marking time is the right angle job practices of cast-in-situ concrete grandstand also has following shortcoming:, destroyed easily in construction and the use, it is big to repair difficulty, polishing part concrete and other position concrete aberration are too big, can't realize the concrete effect, it is poor that small faulting of slab ends impression quality appears in triangular chamfered top and concrete surface, and the chamfering upper and lower opening is difficult for straight.2., grandstand inner corner trim plane place, promptly in formwork erection drop shadow spread, can't rub light with the hands by pressure surface, cause rough surface.3., grandstand formwork erection panel reinforces difficulty, is prone to phenomenons such as honeycomb, pitted skin, bubble.4., grandstand formwork erection verticality adjusts difficulty, and easily produces the mould that expands, the big formwork erection in space is prone to phenomenons such as revealing muscle with split heads.
(3) summary of the invention
At the shortcoming in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention is intended to propose a kind of cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board and job practices thereof, solves the technical problem that cast-in-situ concrete is seen platen one-shot forming, reduction of erection time, reduction construction costs and improved workmanship.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of cast-in-situ clear-water concrete is seen platen, and integral body is step, it is characterized in that: each step step is to build the shape that fuses by seating platform and the upright beam of the seat back of the body, and the above-mentioned inner corner trim that both intersect is the right angle; The upright beam of the seat back of the body upper end of following step step is built with the seating platform outer end of last step step and is fused, and is the circular arc chamfering shape at the above-mentioned external corner position that both connect.
The upright beam of the above-mentioned seat back of the body has ventilation hole protruding on the seating platform part.
A kind ofly make the cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board that above-mentioned cast-in-situ clear-water concrete is seen platen, comprise the keel and the supporting frame of form surfacing, support shuttering panel, it is characterized in that:
Form surfacing: facade hangs before mould, the upright beam of the seat back of the body formwork erection panel, back formwork erection panel and the upright beam bottom board panel of the seat back of the body down on before the outside of above-mentioned seating platform and the upright beam of the seat back of the body is enclosed with seating platform bed die panel, the upright beam of the seat back of the body;
At the pre-buried pvc pipe in the position of above-mentioned ventilation hole;
A circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten is set at above-mentioned external corner position, and circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten hangs the mould top with the preceding upward facade of the upright beam of the seat back of the body fixedlys connected, and a little more than seating platform;
The outside, bottom that facade hangs mould on before the upright beam of the seat back of the body at above-mentioned inner corner trim position reams a triangular strip;
The keel of support shuttering panel: at horizontal secondary joist of the back support of above-mentioned each form surfacing and vertical main joist; Main joist is supported on the brace summer, supports roof beam structure on supporting frame;
That goes up before the upright beam of the seat back of the body that facade hangs the mould back side hangs the suspention of mould main joist, and its bottom is supported by interim upright support;
Every a segment distance through-wall bolt is set on the template of per step step, through-wall bolt passes successively and hangs the mould main joist, the preceding facade of going up of the upright beam of the seat back of the body hangs mould, ventilation hole, back formwork erection panel and back formwork erection panel main joist and fastening.
Connect a diagonal brace on above-mentioned brace summer, the other end of diagonal brace is supported on the top of the back formwork erection panel main joist at inner corner trim position; Upright support is set below the main joist of seating platform bed die panel bottom, and upright support is supported on the brace summer.
The top of above-mentioned supporting frame connects adjustable rest.
Above-mentioned form surfacing is wood plywood, bamboo-wood plyboard, multilayer wood-based plate, steel plate or steel wood composite board.
Above-mentioned main joist, secondary joist, interim upright support are flitch, steel pipe, angle steel, channel-section steel or square steel.
Above-mentioned supporting frame is bowl button frame support system or steel tube fastener support system.
The job practices of above-mentioned cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board is characterized in that construction sequence is as follows:
Step 1, built is at first set up supporting frame according to the size of grandstand, sets up brace summer at the supporting frame top, regulates adjustable rest to design height;
Step 6, concreting beginning in intact back 1 hour levelling, pressure surface;
Step 8 begins maintenance after the concrete press polish is finished.
After step 6, can utilize circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten to exceed the characteristic of seating platform concrete surface, carry out water storing conservation.
The present invention is a kind of ornamental cast-in-situ clear-water grandstand beam-slab template job practices of exempting from, improved greatly the grandstand beam slab construction speed, guaranteed construction quality, it is about 22.5% to have reduced construction costs with respect to prefabricated grandstand, its beneficial effect is as follows:
1, the keel system of support shuttering panel: because the variation of grandstand absolute altitude is many, need to handle a large amount of steel pipes, and the duration anxiety, use bowl to detain the frame support system, can improve speed of application, save circulation material, guarantee the firm, economic, reasonable of grandstand template die plate.
2, panel and keel: change many owing to see the cross dimensions of platen and grandstand beam, the irregular element proportion is big, so steel form and other type templates all have very big difficulty in cost input and design and construction, so see the thick wood plywood of 15mm that platen and grandstand beam forms panel alternative costs are cheap relatively, primary and secondary skeletal frame is all selected 50 * 100mm lumps of wood for use at the bottom of the plate, because the twice case bay has only 650mm, upright 50 * 100mm the lumps of wood of plate soffit formwork secondary joist frame at the bottom of beam supports, main joist is selected 100 * 100mm lumps of wood spacing 1200mm for use at the bottom of the beam, and secondary joist is selected 50 * 100mm lumps of wood spacing 150mm for use.The inboard back cord of beam is selected 50 * 100mm lumps of wood lateral arrangement for use, and keel select for use 50 * 100mm vertically to arrange the folder through-wall bolt.
3, inner corner trim and hang the mould supported design: inner corner trim is positioned at the beam outside and hangs the mould bottom, in order to guarantee inner corner trim concrete formation effect, avoid occurring the template impression, selection is processed into triangle with the wood plywood at inner corner trim place, hang mould and be supported for 50 * 50mm lumps of wood 2000mm at interval, the lumps of wood is removed when press polish is constructed.This accessible chamfering stencil design had both solved step of last step and had hung mould at the impression that goes on foot down on the step, made the opereating specification of smearing press tool not stay the dead angle, again effective support see the formwork erection of platen.
4, external corner stencil design: external corner is positioned at beam and hangs the mould top, makes 1/4 circular arc chamfering with special wood strip bar (brush tung oil), and wood strip bar and bottom template are fixing to improve the globality of template with steel nail.From molding effect, the defective of the external corner destructible that the chamfering way is avoided.On way, circular arc chamfering has been avoided the polishing moulding, because polishing part concrete and other position concrete aberration are too big, can't realize the clear-water concrete effect, and that small faulting of slab ends impression quality appears in its top of triangular chamfered and concrete surface is poor, and the chamfering upper and lower opening is not straight.
5, air chimney location, fixing: air chimney is a φ 150mm wall thickness 3.5mmPVC pipe, and spacing 485mm is distributed in the stand seat dead astern.Fixing means is: beam inner side template air chimney position is 8 10# steel nails of nail evenly, the air chimney that hangs mould near the outside is cut into circular hush panel sealing with the thick wood plywood of 15mm, and between wood plywood and grandstand beam inner side template, fix 50 * 50 * 183mm lumps of wood, it is contacted closely with two side templates, guarantee air chimney position compact dimensions and prevent spillage.
6, centre keel and through-wall bolt pattern: the through-wall bolt that viewing platform form board is suitable for reading outwards is stretched to down outside the single order grandstand beam centre keel, with its formation integral body, considering that bolt is oversize influences lower template construction and is not easy dismounting, add three joints in the middle of the bolt, and with the template centre keel change into keep flat and on keel the position beat φ 20 circular holes and make things convenient for bolt to pass.This detachable through-wall bolt hangs application in the mould in two-stage, solved and seen that it is the location of 150mm air chimney inner support side jack rafter veneer that the platen front face template is hung fixing and each stand seat dead astern diameter of mould, effectively make and see that the air chimney inner support template that reaches formwork erection and seat dead astern between the platen up/down steps forms integral body, increased the globality of whole mould bases system, be convenient to installing/dismounting in the construction, save the turnover material.
7, concrete surface impression of the present invention: color is unified, and no interleaving agent pollutes, rust staining, does not have tangible aberration.Concrete surface is closely knit clean and tidy, and surface layer is smooth, and the negative and positive angle is neatly straight, and bean column node or floor and the body of wall angle of cut, line, face are clear.The through-wall bolt eyelet is neat, and holes blocking is closely knit smooth, and color is substantially with the metope unanimity.Reserving hole, constuction joint, hole, ater-casting are neat.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of clear-water concrete grandstand of the present invention and clear-water concrete viewing platform form board;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1 circled;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing on Fig. 1 top.
Fig. 4 is a circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an air chimney hush panel scheme of installation;
Fig. 7 is an air chimney hush panel scheme of installation.
The 1-seating platform, the upright beam of the 2-seat back of the body, the 3-ventilation hole, 4-seating platform bed die panel, go up the formwork erection panel before the upright beam of the 5-seat back of the body, formwork erection panel under before the upright beam of the 6-seat back of the body, formwork erection panel behind the 7-, the upright beam bottom board panel of the 8-seat back of the body, 9-circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten, the 10-triangular strip, the 11-secondary joist, formwork erection panel main joist behind the 12-, the 13-brace summer, the 14-supporting frame, 15-hangs the mould main joist, the upright temporarily support of 16-, the 17-through-wall bolt, the 18-diagonal brace, the upright support of 19-, the adjustable rest of 20-, 21-air chimney hush panel, 22-through-wall bolt hole, the 23-steel nail.
(5) specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1-5, this cast-in-situ clear-water concrete is seen platen, and integral body is step, the wide 850mm of per step step, and the discrepancy in elevation of adjacent step sees that from 370mm～780mm platen and grandstand collar tie beam, the oblique longeron of step pour into an integrated entity.Each step step is to build the shape that fuses by seating platform 1 and the upright beam 2 of the seat back of the body, and the above-mentioned inner corner trim that both intersect is the right angle; The upright beam of the seat back of the body upper end of following step step is built with the seating platform outer end of last step step and is fused, and is the circular arc chamfering shape at the above-mentioned external corner position that both connect.The upright beam of the seat back of the body has ventilation hole 3 protruding on the seating platform part.
The above-mentioned cast-in-situ clear-water concrete of this manufacturing of the present invention is seen the cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board of platen, comprises the keel and the supporting frame of form surfacing, support shuttering panel, it is characterized in that:
Form surfacing: facade hangs before mould 5, the upright beam of the seat back of the body formwork erection panel 6, back formwork erection panel 7 and the upright beam bottom board panel 8 of the seat back of the body down on before the outside of above-mentioned seating platform 1 and the upright beam 2 of the seat back of the body is enclosed with seating platform bed die panel 4, the upright beam of the seat back of the body.
At the pvc pipe of the position of above-mentioned ventilation hole 3 pre-buried φ 150mm wall thickness 3.5mm, as air chimney.
A circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten 9 is set at above-mentioned external corner position, and circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten 9 hangs mould 5 tops with the preceding upward facade of the upright beam of the seat back of the body is fixedlyed connected by steel nail 23, and a little more than seating platform 15mm.
The outside, bottom that facade hangs mould 5 on before the upright beam of the seat back of the body at above-mentioned inner corner trim position reams a triangular strip 10.
The keel of support shuttering panel: at horizontal secondary joist of the back support of above-mentioned each form surfacing and vertical main joist; Main joist is supported on the brace summer 13, and 13 of brace summers are on supporting frame 14.
That goes up before the upright beam of the seat back of the body that facade hangs mould 5 back sides hangs 15 suspentions of mould main joist, and its bottom is supported by interim upright support 16.
Every a segment distance through-wall bolt 17 is set on the template of per step step, through-wall bolt 17 passes successively and hangs mould main joist 15, the preceding facade of going up of the upright beam of the seat back of the body hangs mould 5, ventilation hole 3, back formwork erection panel 7 and back formwork erection panel main joist 12 and fastening.Hanging the mould main joist is 50 * 50mm lumps of wood form, and the lumps of wood is removed when press polish is constructed.Both guaranteed that the inner corner trim pressure surface was accessible, again effective support template.During construction through-wall bolt outwards is stretched to down single order grandstand beam centre keel and pulls into integral body with following rank beam forms outward.Considering that bolt is oversize influences lower template construction and is not easy dismounting, adds three joints between two rank grandstand beams in the middle of bolt.And with the template centre keel change into keep flat and on keel bolt pass the position and beat φ 20 circular holes and make things convenient for bolt to pass.
Can connect a diagonal brace 18 on above-mentioned brace summer, the other end of diagonal brace is supported on the top of the back formwork erection panel main joist 12 at inner corner trim position; Upright support 19 can be set below the main joist of seating platform bed die panel 4 bottoms, and upright support 19 is supported on the brace summer.
The top of above-mentioned supporting frame can connect adjustable rest 20.
Above-mentioned form surfacing can be the thick wood plywood of 15mm, bamboo-wood plyboard, multilayer wood-based plate, steel plate or steel wood composite board.Hang die face plate type selecting and adopt the thick wood plywood of 15mm.
Above-mentioned main joist, secondary joist, upright support temporarily can be selected 50 * 100mm flitch, 100 * 100mm flitch, steel pipe, angle steel, channel-section steel or square steel.Secondary joist is selected 50 * 100mm flitch for use, and spacing is less than 150mm, and main joist is selected 50 * 100mm flitch, spacing 485mm for use.
Above-mentioned supporting frame is a bowl button frame support system.In order to improve speed of application, save circulation material, determine that support system selects for use 900 * 1200mm bowl button frame per step of support system to be staggeredly arranged and guarantee the 850mm step pitch.
The job practices of the described cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board of this claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that construction sequence is as follows:
Step 1, built is at first set up supporting frame according to the size of grandstand, sets up brace summer at the supporting frame top, regulates adjustable rest to design height;
Step 6, concreting began the receipts face in intact back 1 hour, and first iron is smeared setting-out light after the levelling of extension thick stick, smears with wood then the concrete surface receipts are put down, and smears with iron and receives light twice.Should note during pressure surface: emphasis press polish position is beam slab negative and positive angular positions, and the external corner position is depressed into external corner wood strip bar arc chord angle epithelium, and inner corner trim is depressed under three Angle formworks; Firmly pat on beam slab external corner and the concrete surface, make no bubble in the external corner to returning slurry.Can utilize circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten to exceed the characteristic of seating platform concrete surface, carry out water storing conservation.
Step 8, clear-water concrete grandstand surface layer is smeared to have pressed and is treated the maintenance of sprinkling water behind 6～12h, and cover with plastic sheeting, before grandstand beam outboard template is removed, the shallow slot that utilizes external corner position circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten 9 to exceed concrete pavement formation carries out water storing conservation, grandstand beam outboard template is removed after pressure surface is finished 48 hours, removes the back at concrete surface plastic covering film water seasoning, and curing time generally is no less than 14 days.
Referring to Fig. 2: circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten 9 usefulness steel nails 23 are fixed in the top of going up formwork erection panel 5 before the upright beam of the seat back of the body.Circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten 9 is the wood strip bar, and its size is preferred: the top width is 25mm, and following width is 15mm, and the outer side edges height is 35mm, and the inner side edge height is 15mm, and the radius of circular arc chamfering is 10mm.From molding effect, the chamfering way has the survivable advantage of external corner, has avoided the polishing moulding, polishing part concrete and other position concrete no color differneces, and impression quality is good, and the chamfering upper and lower opening is straight, can realize the effect of clear-water concrete.
Inner corner trim is positioned at the beam outside and hangs the group bottom, in order to guarantee inner corner trim concrete formation effect, before the upright beam of the seat back of the body at above-mentioned inner corner trim position on the facade outside, bottom of hanging mould 5 ream a triangular strip 10, press moulding attractive in appearance to make things convenient for projection place of inner corner trim formwork erection to smear.
Referring to Fig. 6,7, air chimney is a φ 150mm wall thickness 3.5mmPVC pipe, and spacing 485mm is distributed in the stand seat dead astern.Air chimney location, fixing means are: beam inner side template air chimney position is 8 10# steel nails of nail evenly, wood plywood is cut into 21 sealings of air chimney hush panel hang the air chimney 3 usefulness 15mm of mould near the outside after, and between wood plywood and grandstand beam inner side template, fix 50 * 50 * 183mm lumps of wood, it is contacted closely with two side templates, guarantee the pvc pipe forming shape and prevent spillage.The center of air chimney hush panel has 11-φ 20 through-wall bolt holes 22.
Claims (10)
1. a cast-in-situ clear-water concrete is seen platen, and integral body is step, it is characterized in that: by each step step of step cant beam is to build the shape that fuses by seating platform and the upright beam of the seat back of the body, and the above-mentioned inner corner trim that both intersect is the right angle; The upright beam of the seat back of the body upper end of following step step is built with the seating platform outer end of last step step and is fused, and is the circular arc chamfering shape at the above-mentioned external corner position that both connect.
2. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete according to claim 1 is seen platen, it is characterized in that: the upright beam of the above-mentioned seat back of the body has ventilation hole protruding on the seating platform part.
3. make the cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board that claim 2 cast-in-situ clear-water concrete is seen platen for one kind, comprise the keel and the supporting frame of form surfacing, support shuttering panel, it is characterized in that:
Form surfacing: facade hangs before mould, the upright beam of the seat back of the body formwork erection panel, back formwork erection panel and the upright beam bottom board panel of the seat back of the body down on before the outside of above-mentioned seating platform and the upright beam of the seat back of the body is enclosed with seating platform bed die panel, the upright beam of the seat back of the body;
At the pre-buried pvc pipe in the position of above-mentioned ventilation hole;
A circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten is set at above-mentioned external corner position, and circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten hangs the mould top with the preceding upward facade of the upright beam of the seat back of the body fixedlys connected, and a little more than seating platform;
The outside, bottom that facade hangs mould on before the upright beam of the seat back of the body at above-mentioned inner corner trim position reams a triangular strip;
The keel of support shuttering panel: at horizontal secondary joist of the back support of above-mentioned each form surfacing and vertical main joist; Main joist is supported on the brace summer, supports roof beam structure on supporting frame;
That goes up before the upright beam of the seat back of the body that facade hangs the mould back side hangs the suspention of mould main joist, and its bottom is supported by interim upright support;
Every a segment distance through-wall bolt is set on the template of per step step, through-wall bolt passes successively and hangs the mould main joist, the preceding facade of going up of the upright beam of the seat back of the body hangs mould, ventilation hole, back formwork erection panel and back formwork erection panel main joist and fastening.
4. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 3 is characterized in that: connect a diagonal brace on above-mentioned brace summer, the other end of diagonal brace is supported on the top of the back formwork erection panel main joist at inner corner trim position; Upright support is set below the main joist of seating platform bed die panel bottom, and upright support is supported on the brace summer.
5. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the top of above-mentioned supporting frame connects adjustable rest.
6. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 5 is characterized in that: above-mentioned form surfacing is wood plywood, bamboo-wood plyboard, multilayer wood-based plate, steel plate or steel wood composite board.
7. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 6 is characterized in that: above-mentioned main joist, secondary joist, interim upright support are flitch, steel pipe, angle steel, channel-section steel or square steel.
8. cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 7 is characterized in that: above-mentioned supporting frame is bowl button frame support system or steel tube fastener support system.
9. the job practices of the described cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board of claim 8 is characterized in that construction sequence is as follows:
Step 1, built is at first set up supporting frame according to the size of grandstand, sets up brace summer at the supporting frame top, regulates adjustable rest to design height;
Step 2, formwork is set up each form surfacing, main joist, secondary joist, interim upright support, upright support and diagonal brace on brace summer; A circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten is set at the external corner position;
Step 3 is provided with a through-wall bolt every interval 1-4 rice distance on the template of per step step, through-wall bolt passes successively and hangs the mould main joist, the preceding facade of going up of the upright beam of the seat back of the body hangs mould, ventilation hole, back formwork erection panel and back formwork erection panel main joist and fastening;
Step 4, the cloth muscle;
Step 5, concreting is built order for building from the bottom up;
Step 6, concreting beginning in intact back 1 hour levelling, pressure surface;
Step 7 is removed interim upright support, secondary joist, main joist, is hung mould main joist, through-wall bolt, and grandstand beam outboard template is removed after pressure surface is finished 48 hours;
Step 8 begins maintenance after the concrete press polish is finished.
10. the job practices of cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform form board according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: after step 6, utilize circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten to exceed the characteristic of seating platform concrete surface, carry out water storing conservation, before grandstand beam outboard template was removed, the shallow slot that utilizes external corner position circular arc chamfering external corner mould batten to exceed seating platform formation carried out water storing conservation.
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| CNB2007102002868A CN100491675C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform moulding board and its construction method |
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| CNB2007102002868A CN100491675C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Cast-in-situ clear-water concrete viewing platform moulding board and its construction method |
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| CN100491675C CN100491675C (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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| CN2323065Y (en) * | 1997-03-02 | 1999-06-09 | 张震 | Combined form for concrete stairs |
| CN1180172C (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-12-15 | 李煌宝 | Production process of chair-type stadium bleachers |
| CN2705530Y (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-06-22 | 龙贤明 | Multifunction in-site casting concrete stairway mould frame combine piece |
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