CN101021978A - In-ice pollutant action physical simulating device and method in pollution water body freeze-thawing process - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides a physical simulating device and a method for physically simulating the behavior and end-result of chemical infectants in ice in the process of icing and fusing of static and dynamic chemical pollutant water in a low temperature lab, which solves migration, distribution and total percentage content of chemical pollutants in ice in the process of icing and fusing of lakes, rivers and sea, and the device is made of stainless steel or glass materials, the open top of a trough receives cold source of low temperature lab, which can monitor changes of temperature and thickness during the experiment and collect ice and water samples at any time. Advantage: water can be at two states of flow and static, grow and melt in one-D from the top to the bottom, chemical pollutants will not be adsorbed or no chemical reaction happens to them, the water state under ice and ice bottom can be seen through glass windows and samples can be stored at low temperature waiting for chemical analysis.

Description

Ice internal contamination thing behavior physical simulating device and method in the polluted-water frozen-thaw process

Technical field

The invention belongs to environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering and field of ocean engineering, specially refer to that the regional chemical pollutant that freezes is revealed or when being discharged into river, lake, reservoir, ocean, water body freeze with melting process in the physical simulation experiment device and the method at pollutant behavior and home to return in ice.

Background technology

At present, utilize the laboratory to carry out water body internal contamination thing behavior and home to return to research comparison system both at home and abroad,, the water tank physical simulation of the relative large volume of minority is arranged also though the overwhelming majority utilizes small size glass and rustless steel container to carry out.Water tank physical simulation more can the real simulation natural environmental condition, but its operation relative complex, experiment spended time are long, so small volume container experiment relatively lacks the experimental assembly and the experimental technique of maturation.If polluted-water glaciation static and motion, then water body freeze with melting process in the behavior of pollutant and home to return to research both needed on-the-spot prototype measurement, also need the laboratory physical simulation.In ice, aspect the chemical pollutant PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN, more lack physical simulation equipment and method now with general character.Though having the small container of use to carry out all or part of the freezing of container internal contamination water body tests, but the ice growth does not belong to the one dimension thermodynamic process, the crystal of ice also is different from natural ice, causes icing the mode that " pollutant inclusion " takes up space in the molecular structure and is different from natural ice.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of in the low temperature test indoor physical simulation static and dynamic chemical polluted-water freeze and deicing processes in, the physical simulating device and the method at interior chemical pollutant behavior of ice and home to return to; This device utilizes stainless steel and glass material to make, and chemical pollutant is by the absorption of experimental trough material, chemical reaction in the avoidance experimentation; Experiment solves the tracking and monitoring that in ice growth and the melting process ice temperature, ice thickness degree is changed simultaneously; Solve in lake, river, sea ice growth and the melting process problem in science of chemical pollutants transfer, distribution and total percentage composition in the ice.This method is that the water body that is in mobile or stationary state in the tank is freezed by the surface from top to bottom; Ice temperature, ice thickness degree that experimental session is gathered in ice sample and water sample and growth of monitoring ice and the melting process at any time change.

Technical scheme of the present invention is, makes tank with stainless steel material, and tank divides two-layer up and down, is equipped with the stainless steel water pump, realizes that water body flows at stainless steel trough.For guaranteeing water body evenly motion in tank, the pump water inlet total length of tank water-stop sheet lower floor is opened slot, and tank lower layer of water water pump outlet pipe total length is equidistantly opened circular hole, and water inlet pipe is with separating between the rising pipe.Water delivering orifice is fixed with airflow fence in this external flume, to reduce the turbulent fluctuation of water body.Experimental trough is all established the glass observation window along the length two sides, so that motion water body and ice bottom surface in the experimentation are observed.In order to prevent the absorption of glass observation window fluid sealant and, plate glass to be ground to form wedge shape with pollutant generation chemical reaction, push and beat glue by the outside, realize sealing.The outside stainless-steel tube pipeline outer wall that connects water pump of tank adds heat-insulation layer and wrap up the electric heating silk ribbon between pipeline outer wall and heat-insulation layer, can pipeline be heated according to experimental temperature.Drainpipe is used to test the experimental water that finishes in the back discharge tank.The tank top is uncovered, and all the other five face covering and heat insulating layers fall into tank in order to prevent experimental session organic heat-insulating foamed material, and the heat-insulation layer outside is added pasting protective film.After tank completes, tank is cleaned.In addition, sampler, sample storage vessel, testing sensor also are stainless steel or glass material.Polluted-water is in static and flow state during experiment, utilizes the low temperature test chamber to be low-temperature receiver, and the uncovered low-temperature receiver of accepting in tank top guarantees that water body freezes from top to bottom.

Effect of the present invention and benefit are that water body can be in and flow and static two states; Water body is one-dimensional growth and thawing from top to bottom; Chemical pollutant can not be adsorbed, not take place chemical reaction in water body and the ice body; Subglacial water body and ice end situation can be observed by windowpane; Ice generating and vanishing process variation in thickness and temperature variation can tracking and monitorings; Ice sample and water sample can be gathered at any time; Sample can store and wait for chemical analysis at low temperature environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a tank lower floor floor plan synoptic diagram.

Among the figure: 1 tank lower floor, 2 glass observation windows, 3 shot-lights, 4 rising pipe apopores, 5 water inlet pipes fluting, 6 heat-insulation layers, 7 freeing port, 8 intake tunnels, 9 water inlet pipes, 10 rising pipes, 11 insulation plugs, 12 electric heating silk ribbons, 13 stainless steel water pumps, 14 pressure regulating boxs, 15 exhalant canals.

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view among Fig. 1.

Among the figure: 1 tank lower floor, 2 glass observation windows, 6 heat-insulation layers, 14 pressure regulating boxs, 16 tank upper stratas, 17 horizontal baffles, 18 valves, 19 drainpipes, 20 channel-section steel supports, 21 airflow fences.

Embodiment

Be described in detail most preferred embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.

As simulate the nitrobenzene contamination water body under flow state, freeze with melting process in freeze nitrobenzene in speed, melting rate and the ice, the experimental provision of making and the experimental technique of employing:

Because experimentation will avoid nitrobenzene to be adsorbed by organism, so device, equipment and the instrument of all contact nitrobenzene-containing water bodys or ice body all used stainless steel, glass, ceramic material in the experimentation.Special experimental trough structure of making is seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.This tank is made 1 meter wide with 3 millimeters corrosion resistant plate welderings, 2.8 the uncovered rectangular parallelepiped tank in top that rice is long, be fixed with one 1 meter wide apart from bottom land 30 centimeters in the tank, 2.5 the stainless steel water flat partition board 17 that rice is long leaves exhalant canal 15 and intake tunnel 8 between 1 meter wide vertical surface of this horizontal baffle 17 and tank.Water body between tank lower floor 1 and the horizontal baffle 17 promotes through stainless steel water pump 13, enters tank upper strata 16 by exhalant canal 15 and flows and be back to dividing plate lower floor through intake tunnel 8.Pump water inlet 9 total lengths of dividing plate lower floor are opened 1 centimetre of width groove 5, and tank water-stop sheet lower layer of water water pump outlet pipe 10 even 91 cm diameter circular holes 4 that distribute, so that water body water outlet in whole surface level; Water inlet pipe 9 is realized the water body circulation thus with separating between the rising pipe 10.Exhalant canal 15 upper fixed airflow fences 21, water body flows out by the side sieve aperture, to reduce the turbulent fluctuation of water body.Glass observation window 2 is installed in the two sides of 2.8 meters length of tank, so that motion water body and ice bottom surface in the experimentation are observed.In order to prevent the organic glass glue absorption nitrobenzene of glass observation window 2, the glass plate of 18 millimeters thickness is ground to form wedge shape, by outside extruding with play glue, realize sealing.Tank is except that end face, and other five faces add the foam heat-insulation layer 6 of 10 centimetres of thickness, falls into tank in order to prevent experimental session insulating foam material, and the single face glued membrane is sticked in the heat-insulation layer outside.Cause the subglacial water pressure-bearing after anti-in addition water stopping trough upper strata 16 water fillings, weld a stainless steel communicating pipe at the side of tank lower floor 1, as pressure regulating box 14.After tank completes, start stainless steel pump 13, single unit system is cleaned three times with containing abluent water, clean three times with clear water.After experiment finishes, the experimental water of discharging in the tanks by drainpipe 19 and valve 18 by freeing port 7.In addition, sampling thief uses stainless steel material, sample storage vessel to use vial and rustless steel container, temperature sensor to use the nickel filament of processing voluntarily as stainless steel sheath, thickness measure.

In order to ensure that water pump and water pipe normally move at low temperatures and melt when experiment the trough inner water body is heated, around pipeline, install corrosion-resistant, humidity resistance good, dielectric strength is high and the silicon rubber electric heating silk ribbon 12 of long service life and shown the work of regulator and air switch control electric heating silk ribbon 12 by Pt100 platinum resistance temperature sensor and numeral.Electric heating silk ribbon 12 is wrapped on the base of water inlet pipe 9, rising pipe 10 and stainless steel water pump 13, and temperature sensor is separately fixed on water pump base and the duct wall, and electric heating silk ribbon 12 has also been twined at these external two drainpipe 19 places.

Support 20 is made by 80 millimeters * 40 millimeters channel-section steel weldering in the below of experimental trough, and a raggle all fills up insulation material 6 in the support.Consider the experiment water body, the general assembly (TW) of tank and support 20 is near 3 tons and in order to prevent that experimentation from leaking, casual water phenomenon, so the low temperature test room floor is all installed rough ground; Water proof rubber is laid on ground.

Experimental technique is: water temperature is gone into tank near the water service pump of zero degree, and water body begins low speed and flows; According to the purpose of simulation, decision is freezed preceding or is frozen into certain thickness to add nitrobenzene at water body; Arrange three to add point in tank water delivering orifice passage one side when adding nitrobenzene solution, slowly inject nitrobenzene solution with glass pipet; Water body flows and gets water sample for the first time after 5 minutes, as the background concentration value of water body nitrobenzene-containing; And then the about 1 centimetre of thickness of order ice growth, get 2 premium on currency samples, 12 liters of ice samples, be used for measuring water body and ice body nitro phenenyl concentration; Continue to freeze, when the ice thickness degree increases by 1.5 centimetres, 1 centimetre, 0.4 centimetre again, get 2 premium on currency samples and 12 liters of ice samples respectively; Behind the predetermined ice thickness degree of arrival experiment, the electric heating silk ribbon begins the energising heating, makes the interior water temperature of tank remain on 1.5 ± 0.2 degrees centigrade, simultaneously the low temperature test room temperature is elevated to 0 ± 1 degree centigrade, makes ice sheet melt; When the thickness of ice reduces 1.5 centimetres and when reducing 0.5 centimetre again, get 2 premium on currency samples and 12 liters of ice samples respectively; For check the laboratory to freeze to ice with the natural ice crystal on consistance, under-18 degrees centigrade, freezed water body 36 hours, stop cooling, get one of ice crystal analytic sample, get 2 premium on currency samples and 12 liters of ice samples once more; All water samples, ice sample are preserved in 0 degree centigrade of room of low temperature test chamber all after weighing, and wait their nitro phenenyl concentration to be tested; Every half an hour, the ice thickness degree of measuring seven place's point of fixity in air, ice sheet, water temperature and the tank calculates average ice thickness degree in the whole experiment.Carry out in the process in test, when needs observation water sports and ice bottom surface state, the insulation plug 11 of tank both sides glass observation window 2 is taken away, open shot-light 3, from surface glass observation window 2 is observed, observation finishes, and turns off shot-light 3, will be incubated plug 11 and place.

Claims (1)

1. ice internal contamination thing behavior physical simulating device and method in a polluted-water frozen-thaw process, its device characteristic is to make the uncovered tank in top with stainless steel material, and tank divides two-layer up and down, is equipped with stainless steel water pump (13); Tank upper strata (16) exhalant canal (15) is fixed with airflow fence (21); Experimental trough is all established glass observation window (2) along the length two sides, the observation window glass plate grinds to form wedge shape, pushes and beat the glue sealing by the outside; Parcel electric heating silk ribbon (12) between stainless steel pipes (9,10) outer wall and the heat-insulation layer (6); Tank adds pasting protective film outside all the other five face covering and heat insulating layers (6), heat-insulation layer (6) except that the top is uncovered; Sampler, sample storage vessel, testing sensor are stainless steel and glass material goods; Its method is characterised in that the water body that is in mobile or stationary state in the tank is freezed by the surface from top to bottom; Ice temperature, ice thickness degree that experimental session is gathered in ice sample and water sample and growth of monitoring ice and the melting process at any time change.

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