CN101021601A - Polymer waveguide tight switch array based on array waveguide grating structure - Google Patents
Polymer waveguide tight switch array based on array waveguide grating structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polymer waveguide photoswitch array based on array waveguide grating structure, relating to a single-wavelength polymer waveguide photoswitch array device, where in the waveguide photoswitch array: input end of input plate waveguide is connected with output end of input waveguide, output end of the input plate waveguide is connected with input end of array waveguide grating composed of bending waveguides; the top of the array waveguide grating is equipped with current controlled electrode group, the two ends of the electrode group are connected with current input and output leads to compose temperature controller, input end of output plate waveguide is connected with output end of the array waveguide grating, output end of the output plate waveguide is connected with input end of the output waveguide, and on the condition that signals of the same wavelength are inputted, the device implements function of photoswitch array in the control of different currents. And the device will reduce the size of the routine photoswitch array of cascaded structure and simplify device driver.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to 1 * N thermal-optical type and electro-optical type wave-guide optical switch array, relates to the technical field that the polymer waveguide optical switch array is made,
Background technology
The integrated wave guide structure photoswitch is widely used in optical switching system, light path monitoring and maintenance system, data network, fiber optic sensor system and the optical fiber measurement system etc. of optical communication.The working mechanism of integrated wave guide structure photoswitch generally is to utilize thermo-optic effect or electrooptical effect to change the refractive index of optical waveguide medium, and realization is controlled the light path break-make or changed the function of optical propagation direction.According to different modulation mechanism, adopt current drives or voltage driving mode.The organic polymer integrated optical switch is the novel integrated waveguide photoswitch of a class.Owing to used organic polymer material, and make designs and be manufactured with bigger dirigibility.Help reducing device cost simultaneously owing to the organic polymer material price is low.The thermo-optic effect of organic polymer material is more remarkable in addition, is very suitable for preparing polymeric thermo-optic type photoswitch.If big electrooptical effect that especially can polymeric materials can also improve switching response speed greatly as switch mechanism.
In recent years, along with the development of DWDM and All-Optical Communication Network, the array of photoswitch or the extensive array of photoswitch of large port number appearred, in order to constitute fibre switch and wavelength interchanger.People have carried out a large amount of research and development to integrated optical switch array.The optical switch element type that is comprised in the common array of photoswitch comprises: fully-reflected type (TIR), X knot and Y footing font (DOS), Directional Coupling Optic (DC) and Mach-Zehnder interfere type (MZI) etc.At present common 1 * N scale optical waveguide switch array is exactly to be formed by 1 * 2 thermal-optical type or electro-optical type cellular construction cascade development.Adopt the optical waveguide switch array of this traditional cascade structure,, have the device control apparatus complexity, problem such as bulky owing to must carry out step by step voltage or current drives control.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly utilize that polymeric thermo-optic effect or electrooptical effect material development current drives are simple, compact conformation, polymer waveguide optical switch array that size is little based on array wave-guide grating structure.
Technical scheme: the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure of the present invention comprises 1 input waveguide, input planar waveguide, the array wave-guide grating structure of being made up of M curved waveguide, one and exports planar waveguide, a N output waveguide, and the electrode group of one group of electrode formation.Wherein: the input end of input planar waveguide is connected with the output terminal of input waveguide, and the output terminal of input planar waveguide connects the input end of the array waveguide grating of being made up of curved waveguide; Be provided with the electrode group of Current Control at the top of array waveguide grating, be connected with the electric current input lead at the two ends of electrode group and the electric current output lead constitutes temperature control equipment jointly, the input end of output planar waveguide is connected with the output terminal of array waveguide grating, the input end of the output termination output waveguide of output planar waveguide, this device is under the signal input of same wavelength, by the control of different electric currents, realize the open the light function of array of light.
When described electrode group is Control of Voltage, by the voltage-operated device that Control of Voltage electrode group and positive electrode thereof lead-in wire and bottom electrode constitute jointly, this device under the signal input of same wavelength, by the control of different voltages, the open the light function of array of realization light.Length difference is a constant constant between the adjacent waveguide in the array waveguide grating.The length difference of the adjacent electrode in Current Control electrode group or the Control of Voltage electrode group equals the length difference between the adjacent waveguide in the array waveguide grating.
Input waveguide, input planar waveguide, array waveguide grating, output planar waveguide and the selected material of output waveguide array are the polymeric material with big thermo-optical coeffecient, during the heating electrode group of corresponding electrode group selection Current Control, the two ends of each electrode in the electrode group are connected with electric current input lead and electric current output lead respectively, electric current is from electric current input lead injecting electrode group, and, constitute a temperature control equipment jointly from the outflow of electric current output lead.During the voltage-controlled electrode group of corresponding electrode group selection, the positive electrode of each electrode in the electrode group goes between with positive electrode and is connected, and bottom electrode ground connection constitutes a voltage-operated device jointly.
Common array wave-guide grating structure is to utilize different incident wavelengths to cause chromatic dispersion in the Waveguide array structure, cause exporting light and produce phase differential, thereby the light wave with phase differential can make the light of different wave length focus on the different outgoing positions in different position imagings.Adopt unique incident wavelength in the present invention, just under the prerequisite that does not change temperature or voltage, the outgoing position of light signal is invariable.
If adjust the temperature variation of thermal-optical type Waveguide array accurately by injection current, can cause Waveguide array structure refractive index to change.Though the temperature change size is consistent on the electrode group,, thereby also will cause the position change of output beam imaging because electrode length missionary society makes light change at the phase differential of Waveguide array.Promptly can be implemented under the same incident wavelength, along with variation of temperature, the output light signal will be exported from N different output waveguide, realize the function of 1 * N array of photoswitch.
If adjust the phase change of electro-optical type Waveguide array accurately by changing voltage, also will cause the position change of output beam imaging.Promptly can be implemented under the same incident wavelength, along with the variation of voltage, the output light signal will be exported from N different output waveguide, realize the function of 1 * N array of photoswitch.
Beneficial effect: adopt the designed device architecture of the present invention, the control of curtage is carried out in unification.Effectively avoided tradition voltage or current drives step by step to control the device challenge that is caused.The electrode group no longer occurs with traditional cascade serial structure in addition, but is similar to parallel-connection structure.Therefore can reduce the entire length of device greatly, the overall dimensions of reduction of device, current drives is simple, compact conformation, size are little.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the thermo-optic effect optical waveguide switch array structure synoptic diagram of structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the local amplification vertical view of electrode group 16 among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal profile synoptic diagram among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the electrooptical effect optical waveguide switch array structure synoptic diagram of structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the local amplification plan view of voltage-controlled electrode group 17 among Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal profile synoptic diagram among Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is thermo-optic effect 1 * N type optical waveguide switch array output Insertion Loss characteristic synoptic diagram of structure of the present invention.
Have among the above figure: input waveguide 11, input planar waveguide 12, array waveguide grating 13, output planar waveguide 14, output waveguide array 15, electrode group 16, electric current input lead 18, electric current output lead 19, voltage-controlled electrode group 17, positive electrode lead-in wire 20, bottom electrode 21.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram according to a kind of array of photoswitch specific embodiment of the present invention.This device comprises input waveguide 11, one group of output waveguide 15, and input planar waveguide 12, output planar waveguide 14, array waveguide grating 13 and the constant electrode group 16 of a group length difference be made up of the constant curved waveguide of a group length difference are formed.Wherein: the input end of input planar waveguide 12 is connected with the output terminal of input waveguide 11, and the output terminal of input planar waveguide 12 connects the input end of the array waveguide grating of being made up of curved waveguide 13; Be provided with the electrode group 16 of Current Control at the top of array waveguide grating 13, be connected with electric current input lead 18 and electric current output lead 19 common formation temperature control equipments at the two ends of electrode group 16, the input end of output planar waveguide 14 is connected with the output terminal of array waveguide grating 13, the input end of the output termination output waveguide 15 of output planar waveguide 14, this device is under the signal input of same wavelength, by the control of different electric currents, realize the open the light function of array of light.
Our designed thermal-optical type array of photoswitch has adopted the structure of generic array waveguide optical grating, light signal is imported from input waveguide 11, via input planar waveguide 12, after enter in the Waveguide array 13, because the length of waveguide is unequal in the Waveguide array structure, therefore when light is exported, can produce different phase differential each other from the Waveguide array structure.Suppose that the adjacent array waveguide length differences is Δ L, wavelength can obtain grating equation when being the light signal incident of λ:
N wherein
s, n
cBe respectively the effective refractive index of planar waveguide and Waveguide array, m is a diffraction progression, and j is the sequence number of output waveguide, and R is a focused radius.Formula (1) shows, the optical signals that enters output planar waveguide 14 does not wait in the phase differential that light produced of different wave length, causes the position difference that finally converges, thereby can export from different output waveguide arrays for the light signal of different input wavelengths.But outgoing position is constant for same wavelength.
With reference to Fig. 1, be example to design 1 * N polymeric thermo-optic type array of photoswitch.As can be seen from Figure 2 electrode group 16 is independent each other, injects from electric current input lead 18 as electric current, and during from 19 outflows of electric current output lead, the temperature of electrode group will change simultaneously.Find out under the room temperature m=n is arranged by (1) formula
cΔ L/ λ., light signal can be exported from the center output waveguide of j=0; And under the heating electrode effect, if temperature change Δ T, the Waveguide array structure also can produce the change Δ n of refractive index
c. formula this moment (1) can be rewritten as:
From formula (2) as can be seen, change into Δ n when refractive index
cJ
Times the time, can cause the output waveguide image space also can from corresponding j output waveguide, export.If use Optical Waveguide Resins-LFR series series material, the sandwich layer refractive index is 1.39, cladding index is 1.378, and hot light (TO) characteristic of material is dn/dT=-2.5 * 10
-4(/K).The light of selecting the 1550nm wavelength is as incident optical signal, according to formula (2) determine that 1 * 9 array of photoswitch Series Design parameter is as follows:
| Design parameters | Title | Value of consult volume |
| λ 0 | Centre | 1550nm |
| Δn | ||
| c | 2 degrees centigrade of every changes, the change of refractive index | -5×10 -4 |
| T | The temperature change scope | 12℃ to 28℃ |
| N | The output channel number | 9 |
| a，b | The length of waveguide and width | The a=b=6 micron |
| d | The waveguide array spacing | 9 microns |
| Δx | The output waveguide spacing | 15 microns |
| ΔL | The wavelength difference of Waveguide array | 100.6um |
| n s | The effective refractive index of slab | 1.39 |
| n c | The effective refractive index of Waveguide array | 1.387 |
| m | Diffraction progression | 90 |
| R | Focused radius | 3816um |
| M | The Waveguide array number | 51 |
Fig. 7 is according to above-mentioned parameter, and the numerical simulation result that adopts finite difference beam Propagation algorithm (FD-BPM) 1 * 9 array of photoswitch to carry out under different temperatures.Under different temperature, light signal is the output from 9 different output waveguides respectively really as can be seen from the results.The loss of not considering material and with the coupling loss of optical fiber under, the insertion loss of array of photoswitch is less than 1.49dB (average Insertion Loss is less than 0.8dB), extinction ratio is less than 30dB (average extinction ratio is less than 49dB).When input wavelength was constant, this structure had been avoided complicated electrode driving in the cascade connection type photoswitch, and had well realized the function of array of photoswitch.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of 1 * N electrostrictive polymer luminous effect array of photoswitch.Fig. 6 shows bottom electrode 21 ground connection all the time.As can be seen from Figure 5, electrode group 17 is not independent each other yet, and the change of voltage can be that the voltage of entire electrode group 17 changes simultaneously.When the voltage of positive voltage lead-in wire 20 changes, can in array waveguide grating 13, introduce phase difference , the grating equation of this moment can be written as:
Wherein the phase differential ΔΦ is made up of two parts.Wherein first 2 π nc Δ L/ λ is because the length difference of Waveguide array itself is caused, is a constant under the constant prerequisite of incident wavelength; Second
The electrooptical coefficient r of the change of phase place and material
33, the each change amount Δ V of voltage is directly proportional, g is inversely proportional to the upper/lower electrode spacing.Arrangement can obtain a new grating equation:
From formula (4) as can be seen, under the electrode effect, voltage has changed Δ V at every turn, and Waveguide array can produce the changes delta of phase place, will cause also that finally the position of output light signal changes.When input wavelength is constant, under this structure prerequisite that complicated electrode drives in having avoided the cascade connection type photoswitch, well realize the function of array of photoswitch.Common electro optic effect device often causes the device overall dimensions excessive owing to electrode size is long, and is particularly outstanding for this shortcoming of array of photoswitch of cascade.In structure of the present invention,, but be similar to parallel-connection structure because electrode is not the serial structure appearance of cascade.Therefore can reduce the overall dimensions of device greatly.
Claims (6)
1. polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure, it is characterized in that this wave-guide optical switch array comprises input waveguide (11), input planar waveguide (12), array waveguide grating (13), output planar waveguide (14), output waveguide (15), electrode group (16), wherein: the input end of input planar waveguide (12) is connected with the output terminal of input waveguide (11), and the output terminal of input planar waveguide (12) connects the input end of the array waveguide grating of being made up of curved waveguide (13); Be provided with the electrode group (16) of Current Control at the top of array waveguide grating (13), be connected with electric current input lead (18) at the two ends of electrode group (16) and electric current output lead (19) constitutes temperature control equipment jointly, the input end of output planar waveguide (14) is connected with the output terminal of array waveguide grating (13), the input end of the output termination output waveguide (15) of output planar waveguide (14), this device is under the signal input of same wavelength, by the control of different electric currents, realize the open the light function of array of light.
2, the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that described electrode group (16) for Control of Voltage, by Control of Voltage electrode group (17) and positive electrode lead-in wire (20) and the common voltage-operated device that constitutes of bottom electrode (21), this device is under the signal input of same wavelength, by the control of different voltages, realize the open the light function of array of light.
3, the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that length difference is a constant constant between the adjacent waveguide in the array waveguide grating (13).
4, the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure according to claim 1, the length difference that it is characterized in that the adjacent electrode in electrode group (16) or the Control of Voltage electrode group (17) equal the length difference between the adjacent waveguide in the array waveguide grating (13).
5. the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that input waveguide (11), input planar waveguide (12), array waveguide grating (13), output planar waveguide (14) and the selected material of output waveguide array (15) are the polymeric material with big thermo-optical coeffecient, during the heating electrode group (16) of corresponding electrode group selection Current Control, the two ends of each electrode in the electrode group (16) are connected with electric current input lead (18) and electric current output lead (19) respectively, electric current is from electric current input lead (18) injecting electrode group, and, constitute a temperature control equipment jointly from electric current output lead (19) outflow.
6, the polymer waveguide optical switch array based on array wave-guide grating structure according to claim 5, when it is characterized in that the corresponding voltage-controlled electrode group of electrode group selection (17), the positive electrode of each electrode in the electrode group (17) is connected with positive electrode lead-in wire (20), bottom electrode (21) ground connection constitutes a voltage-operated device jointly.
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| CN103558657A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-05 | 四川飞阳科技有限公司 | Array waveguide grating |
| CN104991309A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-10-21 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for compensating AWG polarization sensitivity |
| CN108369352A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-08-03 | 瞻博网络公司 | Planet phasing in waveguide array |
| CN109682470A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Broad spectrum high resolution waveguide light-splitting chip structure |
| CN109683238A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-26 | 上海信及光子集成技术有限公司 | A kind of the non-uniform temperature collocation structure and method of array waveguide grating |
| CN110515155A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 易锐光电科技(安徽)有限公司 | A kind of controllable array waveguide grating of wavelength |
| CN110829177A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Tunable narrow linewidth laser based on organic-inorganic hybrid waveguide |
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| US6539150B2 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2003-03-25 | Alcatel Optronics Uk Limited | Segmented waveguide flattening the passband of a phasar |
| US6643419B2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-11-04 | Pacific Wave Industries, Inc. | Ultra-high speed, active polymer-silica hybrid, single control voltage MMI-based 1-by-N packet switch and WG-based WDM packet router/TDM converter and methods of making same |
| US7162113B2 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2007-01-09 | Infinera Corporation | Deployment of electro-optic amplitude varying elements (AVEs) and electro-optic multi-functional elements (MFEs) in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) |
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| CN103558657B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-06-22 | 四川飞阳科技有限公司 | array waveguide grating |
| CN103558657A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-05 | 四川飞阳科技有限公司 | Array waveguide grating |
| CN104991309A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-10-21 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for compensating AWG polarization sensitivity |
| CN104991309B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-10-02 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of method of compensated array waveguide optical grating polarization sensitivity |
| CN108369352B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2020-03-06 | 瞻博网络公司 | Phase tuning in waveguide arrays |
| CN108369352A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-08-03 | 瞻博网络公司 | Planet phasing in waveguide array |
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| US10436981B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2019-10-08 | Aurrion, Inc. | Phase tuning in waveguide arrays |
| US10684413B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2020-06-16 | Aurrion, Inc. | Phase tuning in waveguide arrays |
| CN109683238B (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-09-01 | 上海信及光子集成技术有限公司 | Non-uniform temperature compensation structure and method for array waveguide grating |
| CN109683238A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-26 | 上海信及光子集成技术有限公司 | A kind of the non-uniform temperature collocation structure and method of array waveguide grating |
| CN109682470A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Broad spectrum high resolution waveguide light-splitting chip structure |
| CN110515155A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 易锐光电科技(安徽)有限公司 | A kind of controllable array waveguide grating of wavelength |
| CN110829177A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Tunable narrow linewidth laser based on organic-inorganic hybrid waveguide |
| CN110829177B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Tunable narrow linewidth laser based on organic-inorganic hybrid waveguide |
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