CN101021263B - 用于混合动力传动系的控制系统 - Google Patents

用于混合动力传动系的控制系统 Download PDF

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CN101021263B
CN101021263B CN2007100057141A CN200710005714A CN101021263B CN 101021263 B CN101021263 B CN 101021263B CN 2007100057141 A CN2007100057141 A CN 2007100057141A CN 200710005714 A CN200710005714 A CN 200710005714A CN 101021263 B CN101021263 B CN 101021263B
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operating range
torque
motor
torque generation
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CN101021263A (zh
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A·H·希普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2555/00Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
    • B60W2555/20Ambient conditions, e.g. wind or rain
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2041Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with four engaging means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于为多个转矩产生装置限定优选的操作范围的方法和设备。每个装置可操作以给变速器提供驱动转矩。本发明包括限定第一操作空间中的第一和第二操作范围。第一操作范围和第二操作范围被数学地转换到第二操作空间。优选的操作范围基于转换的第一操作范围和转换的第二操作范围限定在第二操作空间中。基于每个转矩产生装置的转矩输出限定第一操作范围。基于电能存储装置的输出限定第二操作范围,电能存储装置可操作以给每个转矩产生装置提供电能。

Description

用于混合动力传动系的控制系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种车辆动力传动系统,并且更具体地涉及一种用于车辆混合动力变速器系统的控制系统。
背景技术
已知各种混合动力传动系结构用于在混合动力车辆中管理各种原动机的输入和输出转矩,原动机最普通地是内燃机和电动机。串联混合动力结构的特征通常在于,内燃机驱动发电机,该发电机继而为电动动力传动系和电池组提供电能。串联混合动力中的内燃机不直接机械地联接到动力传动系。发电机也可在电动机模式下操作,以为内燃机提供起动功能,并且电动动力传动系还可通过在发电机模式下操作回收车辆制动能量以给电池组再充电。并联混合动力结构的特征通常在于,内燃机和电动机都具有到动力传动系的直接机械联接。动力传动系传统地包括换挡变速器,以为宽范围操作提供优选的传动比。
一种混合动力传动系结构包括双模式、复合分离(compound-split)、机电变速器,该变速器利用输入部件从原动机动力源接收动力,并且利用输出部件将动力从变速器典型地输出到车辆动力传动系。第一和第二电动机/发电机操作地连接到能量存储装置,用于在存储装置与第一和第二电动机/发电机之间交换电能。设有控制单元,用于管理能量存储装置与第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电能交换。控制单元也管理第一与第二电动机/发电机之间的电能交换。
实施混合动力传动系统的工程师试图通过基于能量存储系统的(例如电池的)荷电状态从所需道路负荷动力加以额外的发动机动力来确定发动机动力而满足燃料经济性和排放目标。在发动机动力确定之后,发动机的优化的燃料经济性的或优化的排放的脉谱图(map)或其组合可用于选择发动机的转矩/速度操作点。由系统使用的电池动力是与发动机动力结合满足道路负荷动力需求并补偿系统中的动力损耗所需的动力。
一些已知的系统不同时优化来自所有驱动系统组件的动力流。典型地,仅优化发动机操作。在选择整个系统的优选操作点中经常不使用诸如系统机械的和电的损耗的额外因素和电池耗用因素。试图在优化全部驱动系统组件的动力流中考虑系统机械的和电的损耗以及电池耗用因素的系统已面对同时计算各种动力流和算法复杂性的令人畏缩的任务,同时计算各种动力流在处理时间和总处理能力方面都会消耗大量车载计算机处理资源。
因此,需要开发一种混合动力传动系控制系统,该控制系统可在考虑损耗情况下以有效使用车载计算资源的方式优化来自所有驱动系统组件的动力流。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力传动系控制系统,该控制系统在考虑损耗情况下以有效使用车载计算资源的方式优化来自所有驱动系统组件的动力流。
这样,根据本发明,提供一种制造产品,包括存储介质,该存储介质具有在其中编码的计算机程序,用于实现为多个转矩产生装置确定优选操作范围的方法。转矩产生装置每个都可操作以将驱动转矩提供给转矩传递装置。程序包括用于在第一操作空间中限定第一和第二操作范围的代码。第一操作范围和第二操作范围数学地转换到第二操作空间。优选的操作范围基于转换的第一操作范围和转换的第二操作范围限定在第二操作空间中。
本发明的一个方面包括基于每个转矩产生装置的转矩输出限定第一操作范围。
本发明的另一个方面包括基于电能存储装置的输出限定第二操作范围,电能存储装置可操作以将电能提供给转矩产生装置的每一个。
本发明的另一个方面包括基于电能存储装置的输出和电能系统约束限定操作范围,该方面还包括限制到电能存储系统的电能输送,以限制电能存储装置的充电,并限制电能存储装置的放电。
本发明的另一个方面包括将第一操作范围和第二操作范围转换到第二操作空间,这包括将第一操作范围和第二操作范围从径向维度线性地转换到XY维度。
本发明的另一个方面包括将限定的优选操作范围再转换到第一操作空间。
本发明的另一个方面包括在小于约十二毫秒的循环时间期间为转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围。
本发明的另一个方面包括转矩产生装置和转矩传递装置,该转矩产生装置包括一对电动机/发电机,该转矩传递装置包括双模式复合分离混合机电变速器,该变速器可操作以将驱动转矩传递到车辆的动力传递系。
当阅读和理解实施例的以下详细说明时,本发明的这些和其他方面对本领域的技术人员将变得明显。
附图说明
本发明在某些部分和部分的布置中可采用物理形式,将详细描述并在形成其一部分的附图中说明其优选实施例,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性动力传动系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的示例性控制结构和动力传动系的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的分析图;以及
图4和图5是根据本发明的代表性数据曲线图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,其中附图仅为了说明本发明的目的而不是为了限制本发明的目的,图1和图2示出根据本发明的实施例构造的系统,该系统包括发动机14、变速器10、控制系统和动力传动系。
在2005年6月23日公开的名为“具有四个固定速比的双模式、复合分离、混合动力机电变速器”的共同转让的美国专利申请公开No.U.S.2005/0137042 A1中详细公开了示例性变速器10的机械方面,该专利文献通过参考包含于此。实施了本发明的概念的示例性双模式、复合分离、机电混合动力变速器示于图1,并总体地用附图标记10表示。混合动力变速器10具有输入部件12,该输入部件可具有可由发动机14直接驱动的轴的性质。在发动机14的输出轴18与混合动力变速器10的输入部件12之间包含有瞬态转矩阻尼器20。瞬态转矩阻尼器20优选地包括具有阻尼机构和弹簧的特征的转矩传递装置77,分别示出为78和79。瞬态转矩阻尼器20允许选择性接合发动机14与混合动力变速器10,但必须理解,转矩传递装置77并不用于改变或控制混合动力变速器10操作的模式。转矩传递装置77优选地包括液压地操作的摩擦离合器,称为离合器C5。
发动机14可以是许多形式的内燃机中的任何一种,如火花点火发动机或压缩点火发动机,该发动机易于适于在从600转每分钟(RPM)或其附近的怠速到超过6000RPM的操作转速范围下给变速器10提供动力输出。无论发动机14连接到变速器10的输入部件12所借助的装置如何,输入部件12连接到变速器10中的行星齿轮组24。
现在具体参照图1,混合动力变速器10使用三个行星齿轮组24、26和28。第一行星齿轮组24具有可通常称为齿圈的外部齿轮部件30,该外部齿轮部件包围通常称为太阳轮的内部齿轮部件32。多个行星齿轮部件34可转动地安装在行星架36上,以便使每个行星齿轮部件34既与外部齿轮部件30啮合又与内部齿轮部件32啮合。
第二行星齿轮组26也具有通常称为齿圈的外部齿轮部件38,该外部齿轮部件包围通常称为太阳轮的内部齿轮部件40。多个行星齿轮部件42可转动地安装在行星架44上,以便使每个行星齿轮部件42既与外部齿轮部件38啮合又与内部齿轮部件40啮合。
第三行星齿轮组28也具有通常称为齿圈的外部齿轮部件46,该外部齿轮部件包围通常称为太阳轮的内部齿轮部件48。多个行星齿轮部件50可转动地安装在行星架52上,以便使每个行星齿轮部件50既与外部齿轮部件46啮合又与内部齿轮部件48啮合。
齿圈/太阳轮上的齿数比典型地基于本领域技术人员的设计考虑,并且在本发明的范围之外。通过示例,在一个实施例中,行星齿轮组24的齿圈/太阳轮齿数比为65/33;行星齿轮组26的齿圈/太阳轮齿数比为65/33;并且行星齿轮组28的齿圈/太阳轮齿数比为94/34。
三个行星齿轮组24、26和28每个都包括简单行星齿轮组。而且,第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26在这个方面是复合的,即,第一行星齿轮组24的内部齿轮部件32通过毂衬齿轮54连接到第二行星齿轮组26的外部齿轮部件38。连接的第一行星齿轮组24的内部齿轮部件32和第二行星齿轮组26的外部齿轮部件38持续连接到也称作“电机A”的第一电动机/发动机56。
行星齿轮组24和26还在这个方面是复合的,即,第一行星齿轮组24的行星架36通过轴60连接到第二行星齿轮组26的行星架44。这样,第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26各自的行星架36和44是连接的。轴60通过转矩传递装置62也选择性地连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架52,如下文将较全面说明的,采用该转矩传递装置62以辅助混合动力变速器10的操作模式的选择。第三行星齿轮组28的行星架52直接连接到变速器输出部件64。
在这里所述的实施例中,其中混合动力变速器10在陆地车辆中使用,输出部件64可操作地连接到动力传动系,该动力传动系包括齿轮箱90或给一个或多个车桥92或半轴(未示出)提供转矩输出的其它转矩传递装置。车桥92继而终止于驱动部件96。驱动部件96可是其上采用驱动部件的车辆的前轮或后轮,或者驱动部件可以是轨道车辆的驱动机构。驱动部件96可具有与其相关联的某些形式的车轮制动器94。驱动部件每个都具有速度参数NWHL,包括典型地可用轮速传感器测量的每个车轮96的转速。
第二行星齿轮组26的内部齿轮部件40通过包围轴60的套轴66连接到第三行星齿轮组28的内部齿轮部件48。第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮部件46通过转矩传递装置70选择性地连接到由变速器壳体68代表的地。也采用以下也将说明的转矩传递装置70辅助混合动力变速器10的操作模式的选择。套轴66也持续连接到也称为“电机B”的第二电动机/发电机72。
所有行星齿轮组24、26和28以及两个电动机/发电机56和72都围绕轴向布置的轴60同轴地定向。电动机/发电机56和72都为环状构造,这使得它们可以围绕三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,从而使行星齿轮组24、26和28布置在电动机/发电机56和72的径向内侧。该构造保证了变速器10的整个封装,即圆周尺寸,最小化。
转矩传递装置73选择性地将太阳轮40与地,即与变速器壳体68连接。转矩传递装置75可作为锁止离合器操作,通过选择性地连接太阳轮40和行星架44而锁定行星齿轮组24和26、电机56和72以及输入,以作为一组转动。转矩传递装置62、70、73、75都是摩擦离合器,分别称为离合器C1 70、离合器C2 62、离合器C3 73和离合器C4 75。每个离合器都优选地被液压地致动,从泵接收加压的液压流体。使用已知的液压流体回路实现液压致动,在此不详细说明该已知的液压流体回路。
作为从燃料或存储在电能存储装置(ESD)74中的电势的能量转换结果,混合动力变速器10从多个转矩产生装置接收输入驱动转矩,所述转矩产生装置包括发动机14和电动机/发电机56和72。ESD74典型地包括一个或多个电池。可以用具有存储电能并释放电能的能力的其它电能和电化学能存储装置代替电池,而不改变本发明的概念。ESD 74优选地基于包括能量回收需求、关于典型道路坡度和温度的应用问题以及诸如排放、动力辅助和电动里程的驱动需求的因素确定尺寸。ESD 74经由直流线路或传递导体27高压直流联接到变速器电能逆变器模块(TPIM)19。TPIM 19是以下关于图2说明的控制系统的元件。TPIM 19通过传递导体29与第一电动机/发电机56连通,并且TPIM 19类似地通过传递导体31与第二电动机/发电机72连通。电流根据ESD 74正在充电还是正在放电可输送到ESD 74或从ESD 74输送。TPIM 19包括一对电能逆变器和各自的电机控制器,电机控制器配置成接收电机控制指令并由此控制逆变器状态用于提供电动驱动或能量回收功能。
在电动控制中,相应的逆变器接收来自直流线路的电流,并且在传递导体29和31上将交流电流提供给相应的电机。在能量回收控制中,相应的逆变器在传递导体29和31上接收来自电机的交流电流,并将电流提供给直流线路27。提供到逆变器或从逆变器提供的净直流电流确定电能存储装置74的充电或放电操作模式。优选地,电机A 56和电机B 72为三相交流电机,并且逆变器包括互补的三相电能电子设备。
再次参照图1,从输入部件12可以存在驱动齿轮80。如图所示,驱动齿轮80将输入部件12固定地连接到第一行星齿轮组24的外部齿轮部件30,并且驱动齿轮80因此通过行星齿轮组24和/或26从发动机14和/或电动机/发电机56和/或72接收动力。驱动齿轮80啮合惰轮82,该惰轮继而啮合传动齿轮84,该传动齿轮固定到轴86的一个端部。轴86的另一个端部可固定到单独地或整体地标记在88处的液压/变速器流体泵和/或动力输出(“PTO”)单元,并包括附件负荷。
现在参照图2,示出包括分布式控制器结构的控制系统的方块示意图。以下说明的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的子集,并且可操作以提供这里所述的动力传动系统的协调系统控制。控制系统可操作以综合相关信息和输入,并且执行算法以控制各种致动器以实现控制目标,包括这样的参数,如燃料经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性和硬件保护,所述硬件包括ESD 74的电池和电机56、72。分布式控制器结构包括发动机控制模块(“ECM”)23、变速器控制模块(“TCM”)17、电池组控制模块(“BPCM”)21和变速器电能逆变器模块(“TPIM”)19。混合动力控制模块(“HCP”)5提供上述控制器的上层(overarching)控制和协调。具有用户接口(“UI”)13,该用户接口可操作地连接到多个装置,车辆操作者典型地通过所述装置控制或指导包括变速器10的动力传动系的操作。到UI 13的示例性的车辆操作者输入包括加速踏板、制动踏板、变速器挡位选择器和车速巡航控制。上述控制器每个都经由局域网(“LAN”)总线6与其他控制器、传感器和致动器通信。LAN总线6使各种控制器之间的控制参数和指令可以进行结构化通信。所使用的特定通信协议是依应用而定的。例如,一个通信协议是汽车工程师协会标准J1939。LAN总线和适当的协议为上述控制器和其他控制器之间提供可靠通信和多控制器接口连接,并且其它控制器提供诸如防抱死制动、牵引力控制和车辆稳定性的功能。
HCP 5提供混合动力传动系统的上层控制,用于协调ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21的操作。基于来自UI 13和动力传动系的各种输入信号,HCP 5产生各种指令,包括:发动机转矩指令TE_CMD;用于混合动力变速器10的各离合器C1、C2、C3、C4的离合器转矩指令TCL_N;以及分别用于电机A和B的电机转矩指令TA_CMD和TB_CMD
ECM 23可操作地连接到发动机14,并且用于通过共同表示为聚集线路35的分散的线路分别从发动机14的各种传感器获取数据并控制发动机的各种致动器。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机转矩命令TE_CMD,并产生希望的轴转矩TAXLE_DES和传送到HCP 5的实际发动机转矩的指示TE。为了简单,ECM 23总体示出为具有经由聚集线路35与发动机14的双向接口。可由ECM 23检测的各种其它参数包括发动机冷却液温度、到通向变速器的轴的发动机输入速度(NE)、歧管压力、环境空气温度和环境压力。可由ECM 23控制的各种致动器包括燃料喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块。
TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10并用于从各种传感器获取数据并给变速器提供指令信号。从TCM 17到HCP 5的输入包括用于离合器C1、C2、C3和C4中的每一个的估计的离合器转矩TCL_N_EST和输出轴64的转速NO。为了控制目的,可以使用其它致动器和传感器将额外信息从TCM提供给HCP。
BPCM 21信号地连接一个或多个传感器,所述传感器可操作以监测ESD 74的电流或电压,以将关于电池的状态的信息提供给HCP5。这种信息包括电池荷电状态Bat_SOC和电池的其它状态,包括电压VBAT和可用功率PBAT_ MIN和PBAT_MAX
变速器电能逆变器(TIPM)19包括一对电能逆变器和电机控制器,该电机控制器配置成接收电机控制指令并由此控制逆变器状态以提供电机驱动或能量回收功能。TPIM 19可操作以基于来自HCP 5的输入产生用于电机A和B的转矩指令TA_CMD和TB_CMD,HCP5由通过UI 13的操作者输入和系统操作参数驱动。用电机阻尼转矩TA_DAMP和TB_DAMP调整用于电机A和B的预定转矩指令TA_CMD和TB_CMD,以确定由包括TPIM 19的控制系统实施的电机转矩TA和TB,以控制电机A和B。分别用于电机A和电机B的单独的电机速度信号NA和NB由TPIM 19从电机相位信息或传统转动传感器导出。TPIM 19确定并传送电机速度NA和NB到HCP 5。电能存储装置74经由直流线路27高压直流联接到TPIM 19。电流根据ESD 74正在充电还是放电而输送到TPIM 19或从TPIM 19输送。
上述控制器每个都优选地是通用数字计算机,该计算机通常包括微处理器或中央处理单元、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、高速时钟、模拟到数字(A/D)和数字到模拟(D/A)电路、输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)和适当的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制器都具有一套控制算法,包括常驻程序指令和校准,所述常驻程序指令和校准存储在ROM中并执行以提供每个计算机的相应功能。优选地使用上述LAN 6实现各种计算机之间的信息传递。
在预设循环期间典型地执行在每个控制器中用于控制和状态估计的算法,以便每个循环每个算法至少执行一次。存储在非易失性存储器装置中的算法通过中央处理单元中的一个执行,并可操作以监测来自检测装置的输入,并且使用预设校准执行控制和诊断例程以控制相应装置的操作。典型地以定期间隔执行循环,例如正在运行的发动机和车辆操作期间的每3、6.25、15、25和100毫秒。可替换地,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
响应于如由UI 13捕获的操作者的动作,管理HCP控制器5和其它控制器中的一个或多个确定所需的变速器输出转矩TO。适当地控制和操纵混合动力变速器10的选择性地操作的组件以响应于操作者的要求。例如,在图1和图2所示的示例性实施例中,当操作者已选择前进驱动范围并操纵加速踏板或制动踏板中的任意一个时,HCP 5确定变速器的输出转矩,该输出转矩影响车辆如何和何时加速或减速。最终车辆加速度受到其它因素的影响,包括,例如,道路负荷、道路坡度和车辆质量。HCP 5监测转矩产生装置的参数状态,并确定达到所需转矩输出所要求的变速器的输出。在HCP 5的指导下,变速器10在从慢到快的输出速度的范围上操作,以便满足操作者的要求。
双模式、复合分离、机电混合动力变速器包括通过变速器10内的两个不同的齿轮传动链接收输出动力的输出部件64,并且在若干变速器操作模式下操作,现在将参照图1和下表1说明。
表1
    变速器操作模式     致动的离合器
    模式I固定速比1固定速比2模式II固定速比3固定速比4     C1 70C1 70C1 70C2 62C2 62C2 62 C4 75C2 62C4 75C3 73
表中所述的各种变速器操作模式表示对于每个操作模式哪特定离合器C1、C2、C3、C4接合或致动。另外,在各种变速器操作模式中,电机A 56或电机B 72每个都可以作为分别指示为MA、MB的电机操作,或者电机A 56作为指示为GA的发电机操作。当转矩传递装置70致动以便使第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮部件46“接地”时,选择第一模式或齿轮传动链。当转矩传递装置70释放并且转矩传递装置62同时致动以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架52时,选择第二模式或齿轮传动链。本发明的范围之外的其它因素影响电机56、72何时作为电动机和发电机操作,并且在此不讨论。
主要示于图2的控制系统可操作以在操作的每个模式中提供轴64的变速器输出速度NO从较慢到较快的范围。在每个模式中具有从慢到快的输出速度范围的两个模式的组合使变速器10可以驱动车辆从静止状态到高速,并且满足上述各种其它要求。另外,控制系统协调变速器10的操作,以便使模式之间可同步切换。
操作的第一和第二模式指的是其中通过一个离合器,即离合器C1 62或C2 70中的任意一个,并通过电动机/发电机56和72的受控速度和转矩控制变速器功能的情况。以下说明操作的某些范围,其中通过施用另外的离合器实现固定速比。该另外的离合器可以是C373或C4 75,如上表所示。
当施用另外的离合器时,实现变速器的输入到输出速度的固定速比,即NI/NO。电动机/发电机56、72的转动取决于由离合限定的机构并与在轴12处确定或测量的输入速度NI成比例。电动机/发电机起电动机或发电机的作用。它们完全独立于发动机以输出动力流,由此能都作为电动机、都起发电机的作用或其任何组合。例如,在固定速比1中的操作期间,这可以使在轴64处从变速器输出的驱动动力由来自发动机的动力和来自电机A和B的动力提供,其中电机A和B通过从电能存储装置74接收电能通过行星齿轮组28提供动力。
通过在模式I或模式II操作期间激活或停用另外的离合器中的一个变速器操作模式可在固定速比操作与模式操作之间切换。在固定速比或模式控制中的操作的确定借助于由控制系统执行的算法,并且在本发明的范围之外。
操作模式可重叠操作的速比,并且选择又取决于驾驶员的输入和车辆对该输入的响应。当离合器C1 70和C4 75接合时,范围1主要落在模式I操作中。当离合器C2 62和C1 70接合时,范围2落在模式I和模式II中。当离合器C2 62和C4 75接合时,第三固定速比范围主要在模式II期间是可用的,并且当离合器C2 62和C3 73接合时,第四固定速比范围在模式II期间是可用的。应注意,对于模式I和模式II操作的范围典型地大大重叠。
上述示例性动力传动系统的输出由于机械和系统限制而受到约束。在轴64处测量的变速器的输出速度NO由于在轴18处测量的发动机输出速度NE和在轴12处测量的变速器输入速度NI的限制以及电机A和B的指示为+/-NA、+/-NB的速度限制而受到限制。变速器64的输出转矩TO由于发动机输入转矩TE和在瞬态转矩阻尼器20之后的轴12处测量的输入转矩TI的限制以及电机A 56和B 72的转矩限制(TA_MAX,TA_MIN,TB_MAX,TB_MIN)而类似地受到限制。
这里所述的各种方程和操作优选地在上述参照图2的控制器中的一个或多个中作为算法执行。在本发明的该实施例中,目的是为电机A 56和B 72确定允许的操作点。优选地按照电动变速器10中可操作以在混合动力传动系统中提供驱动转矩的电机转矩TA和TB说明允许的操作点。
本发明包括一种方法,该方法作为一个或多个算法存储在控制系统的控制器中的一个或多个中并执行,以为转矩产生装置,即电机A56和B72,确定优选的操作范围,如在示例性系统中执行的那样。操作包括在第一操作空间中限定第一操作范围和在第一操作空间中限定第二操作范围。第一操作范围和第二操作范围被转换到第二操作空间。基于转换的第一操作范围和转换的第二操作范围在第二操作空间中限定优选的操作范围。在该实施例中,第一操作范围优选地限定为电机A和B的转矩输出,并且第二操作范围优选地限定为来自ESD的电能输出。第一操作范围和第二操作范围被转换到第二操作空间,该第二操作空间优选地在称为TX/TY空间的空间中。第二操作空间中的优选操作范围是基于转换的第一操作范围和转换的第二操作范围。这在下文中参照图5和以下方程示出。
第一操作范围限定为电机A 56的转矩输出范围(TA_MAX,TA_MIN)和电机B 72的转矩输出范围(TB_MAX,TB_MIN)。第一操作范围因而包括通过电机转矩限制TA_MAX、TA_MIN、TB_MAX、TB_MIN界定的转矩操作范围。参照图3,示出第一操作空间110,其中绘出了值TA_MAX 114、TA_MIN 112、TB_MAX 118、TB_MIN 116。
电机现有能力之内的最小和最大电机转矩(TA_MAX,TA_MIN,TB_MAX,TB_MIN)优选地从数据集获得,所述数据集以表的形式存储在控制系统的数据结构中。这种数据集在预存储表格式中为程序提供参考,所述预存储表格式根据经验从在各种温度和电压条件下的组合的电机和电能电子设备(例如电能逆变器)的传统测功机测试导出。图4示出电机转矩对速度数据的这种特征的示例性表达,其中对于给定速度的最小和最大数据通过恒定速度线132与示例恒定温度/电压线131、133相交表示。列表数据通过电机速度(NA,NB)、电压和温度进行查询。
虽然电机在电动和发电模式--显示转矩/速度数据的四个象限(参照图4指示为I、II、III、IV)--中使用,但两个象限数据集通常就足够,其中在相邻象限中采集的数据只是反映在未直接测量的其它象限中。在该示例中,用确定数据131示出象限I和IV,而象限III和IV示出为由越过转矩轴线映射的数据133构成。
示出用于电机转矩的示例性数据。横过水平轴线绘制了电机A的转矩TA,并且横过竖轴线绘制电机B的转矩TB。边界绘制为对应于最小和最大电机A的转矩(TA_MAX,TA_MIN)的虚线,对于从图5获得的教导的本说明和本讨论,不需要NI、NO中相对于在某些示例性当前操作条件下电机能力的最小指和最大值的精确值。类似的边界绘制为对应于这种最小和最大电机B的转矩(TB_MAX,TB_MIN)的虚线。封闭空间代表对于电机A 56和电机B 72在当前条件下的可行解决空间。再一次,这里使用的精确值对于从当前说明和附图获得的理解并不关键,而是为了适当的上下文和减小教导的抽象性而提供的。
参照图3作为120示出的包括转矩输出范围的第二操作范围基于电能存储系统74的约束而确定。电池功率PBAT的计算如下,在方程3中:
PBAT=PA,ELEC+PB,ELEC+PDC_LOAD    [3]
其中:PA,ELEC包括来自电机A的电功率;
PB,ELEC包括来自电机B的电功率;以及
PDC_LOAD包括已知的直流负荷,包括附件负荷。
将PA,ELEC和PB,ELEC代入方程,产生方程4:
PBAT=(PA,MECH+PA,LOSS)+(PB,MECH+PB,LOSS)+PDC_LOAD    [4]
其中:PA,MECH包括来自电机A的机械功率;
PA,LOSS包括来自电机A的功率损耗;
PB,MECH包括来自电机B的机械功率;以及
PB,LOSS包括来自电机B的功率损耗。
方程4可改写为以下方程5,其中为功率PA和PB由速度NA和NB以及转矩TA和TB取代。这包括这样的假设,即,电机和逆变器损耗可被数学地建模为基于转矩的二次方程。
PBAT=(NATA+(a1(NA)TA 2+a2(NA)TA+a3(NA)))    [5]
+(NBTB+(b1(NB)TB 2+b2(NB)TB+b3(NB)))
+PDC_LOAD
其中:NA、NB包括电机A、B的速度;
TA、TB包括电机A、B的转矩;以及
a1、a2、a3、b1、b2、b3每个都包括二次方程的系数,这些系数为各电机速度NA、NB的函数。
这可以改写为方程6:
PBAT=a1*TA 2+(NA+a2)*TA    [6]
+b1*TB 2+(NB+b2)*TB
+a3+b3+PBAT_DC_LOAD
这简化为方程7:
PBAT=a1[TA 2+TA(NA+a2)/a1+((NA+a2)/2*a1)2]    [7]
+b1[TB 2+TB(NB+b2)/b1+((NB+b2)/2*b1)2]
+a3+b3+PBAT_DC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这简化到方程8:
PBAT=a1[TA+(NA+a2)/(2*a1)]2+b1[TB+(NB+b2)/(2*b1)]2
[8]
+a3+b3+PBAT_DC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这简化到方程9:
PBAT=[SQRT(a1)*TA+(NA+a2)2/(2*SQRT(a1))]2    [9]
+[SQRT(b1)*TB+(NB+b2)2/(2*SQRT(b1))]2
+a3+b3+PBAT_DC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这简化到方程10:
PBAT=(A1*TA+A2)2+(B1*TB+B2)2+C    [10]
其中:
A1=SQRT(a1)
B1=SQRT(b1)
A2=(NA+a2)/(2*SQRT(a1))
B2=(NB+b2)/(2*SQRT(b1))
C=a3+b3+PBAT_DC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
并且,进一步可简化到以下方程11和12:
PBAT=(TX2+TY2)+C    [11]
PBAT=R2+C    [12]
方程12产生电机转矩TA到TX的转换和电机转矩TB到TY的转换。由TX/TY限定的矢量包括电池功率PBAT。因此最大和最小电池功率PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN可被计算并绘制成具有在转换空间TX/TY中的位置(0,0)处的中心的半径Rmax 124和Rmin 122,如图3所示。最小和最大电池功率PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX优选地与各种条件相关联,例如荷电状态、温度、电压和损耗(安培-小时/小时)。上述参数C限定为在给定速度NA、NB下的绝对最小可能电池功率,不考虑电机转矩限制。
转矩值Ta和Tb可转换到TX和TY,如在方程13中:
[ T X T Y ] = A 1 0 0 B 1 * T A T B + A 2 B 2 - - - [ 13 ]
其中:TX是TA的变形;
TY是TB的变形;以及
A1、A2、B1、B2包括标量值。
用由RMIN 122和RMAX 124确定的转矩空间同时求解在方程9中确定的转换的矢量[TX/TY],以在TX/TY空间中确定第一操作空间和第二操作空间共有的电机转矩。该求解的结果示于图3,其中点A、B、C、D和E代表在TX/TY空间中共同电机转矩的边界。各种点限定为:
 TX  TY   半径或线
ABCDE  TXATXBTXCTXDTXE  TYATYBTYCTYDTYE   线Rmax线Rmin线
由于方程在TX/TY空间中作为算法执行,因此执行时间有效地是单个控制器循环,该单个控制器循环可在12毫秒或更小的范围内。
对于由点A、B、C、D、E限定的共同电机转矩[TX/TY]的结果方程再次转换到电机A和B的转矩TA、TB,可如下在方程14中计算:
[ T A T B ] = 1 / A 1 0 0 1 / B 1 * T X T Y + - A 2 / A 1 - B 2 / B 2 - - - [ 14 ]
控制系统可操作以在如此限定的操作点范围的约束内控制变速器系统的操作。构造成实施上述方程的算法优选地定期在上述循环的其中一个期间执行,以确定电机A和B的操作约束。
详细参照优选实施例及其变型说明了本发明。当阅读和理解说明书时,其他人可做出另外的变型和修改。意在包括进入本发明的范围的所有变型和修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,每个转矩产生装置都可操作以向转矩传递装置提供驱动转矩,包括:
限定第一操作空间中的第一操作范围;
限定所述第一操作空间中的第二操作范围;
将所述第一操作范围和所述第二操作范围转换到第二操作空间;以及
基于所述转换的第一操作范围和所述转换的第二操作范围限定所述第二操作空间中的所述优选的操作范围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,限定所述第一操作范围包括基于每个所述转矩产生装置的转矩输出限定操作范围。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,限定所述第二操作范围包括基于电能存储装置的输出限定操作范围,所述电能存储装置可操作以给每个所述转矩产生装置提供电能。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,基于所述电能存储装置的输出限定所述第二操作范围还包括基于电能系统约束限定所述第二操作范围,从而限制到所述电能存储装置的电能输送以限制所述电能存储装置的充电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,基于电能系统约束限定所述第二操作范围还包括限制来自所述电能存储装置的电能传输以限制所述电能存储装置的放电。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,将所述第一操作范围和所述第二操作范围转换到所述第二操作空间包括将所述第一操作范围和所述第二操作范围从径向维度线性地转换到XY维度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,还包括将所述优选操作范围再转换到所述第一操作空间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,在小于约十二毫秒的循环时间期间执行所述用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法以为所述多个转矩产生装置确定所述优选操作范围。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,所述转矩产生装置包括一对电机。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,所述转矩传递装置包括双模式复合分离混合动力机电变速器。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于为多个转矩产生装置确定优选的操作范围的方法,其特征在于,所述双模式复合分离混合动力机电变速器可操作以将驱动转矩传递到车辆的动力传动系。
12.一种用于动力传动系的控制系统,所述动力传动系包括可操作地联接到双模式复合分离机电变速器的内燃机和一对电机,包括:
多个电子控制器,所述电子控制器经由局域网信号相互连接,并且可操作以基于经由用户接口确定的操作者的输入控制所述发动机和所述变速器;
所述控制系统包括存储介质并执行为每个所述电机确定优选的操作范围的方法,所述方法包括:
限定第一操作空间中的第一操作范围;
限定所述第一操作空间中的第二操作范围;
将所述第一操作范围和所述第二操作范围转换到第二操作空间;以及
基于所述转换的第一操作范围和所述转换的第二操作范围限定所述第二操作空间中的优选操作范围。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于动力传动系的控制系统,所述方法还包括将所述限定的优选操作范围再转换到所述第一操作空间。
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