CN101017989A - Self-supply micro radio sensing network node based on the piezoelectric vibration power generation - Google Patents
Self-supply micro radio sensing network node based on the piezoelectric vibration power generation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The related self-powered minimize wireless sensor network node for state monitor based on piezoelectric vibration comprises: a piezoelectric vibration power 1 including a long-term storage capacitor 10, a DC/DC converter 9, a voltage stabilizing tube 8, a voltage multiplier 7, and a piezoelectric transducer 6; a microcontroller 4 to operate the power supply of capacitor 10 to device 3 through a controlling switch 6, a RF transmitting device 3, and a sensor 5. Besides, the microcontroller 4 also processes data from sensor 5 and transmits result and control information together to device 3. This invention minimizes node power consumption.
Description
1. technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of self-supply micro radio sensing network node that is mainly used in condition monitorings such as aircraft, naval vessel, vehicle, bridge and industrial equipment based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.Whole node need not adopt limited powered battery of life-span, thereby can strengthen the non-maintaining property of wireless sensing node.
2. background technology
1) radio sensing network
Radio sensing network combines multiple technologies such as sensing, embedded calculating, distributed information processing and radio communication, can work in coordination with distributed real-time information gathering and the processing of finishing various monitored targets, and send these information to user reliably.Along with the networking of calculating and the development of technology such as radio communication, large scale integrated circuit and Micro Electro Mechanical System, radio sensing network is becoming an emerging technical field, is expected to bring the major progress in fields such as agricultural, fire-fighting, military affairs, health care, building safety and industrial plants.Radio sensing network will make to calculate and be distributed in each corner, may produce tremendous influence to society as the Internet.
Radio sensing network node quantity is generally bigger, and the attendant is difficult to approachingly in many instances, so the non-maintaining property of node just become a very important demand, and wherein maximum restraining factors are powered exactly.Compare with the progress at full speed of processing, storage and the communication technology, the speed of power technology progress is much smaller.Ten years in the past, the energy density of power supply is not significantly improved.Battery can continue to produce bigger electric current, but its life-span is very limited, and usually some months to a year just needs to change battery, makes maintenance workload bigger.In addition, battery easily leaks electricity under the high temperature wet environment.
Along with the continuous development of radio sensing network, wireless sensing node will develop towards the direction of microminiaturization, low-power consumption, non-maintaining property.But the speed of the power supply technique progress of radio sensing network node is much smaller, radio sensing network node further develop the restriction that has been subjected to power supply.The microminiaturization of wireless sensing node, low power dissipation design, key are the micro high efficiencies of power supply.The design of power supply will be considered the size of energy density, and the desired environment of power supply continued power.Therefore, the development of power supply that is applied to the node of radio sensing network will further promote the development of radio sensing network, make it to be applied to more wide space.
2) piezoelectric vibration power supply
The piezoelectric vibration power supply can make low power dissipation electron equipment such as wireless sensing node rely on vibrational energy work in the environment, improves its non-maintaining property.Its typical case's application comprises the wireless status monitoring of facilities such as aircraft, naval vessel, vehicle, bridge and industrial equipment and with the wireless universal sensing network that this class facility is a carrier, all has significant application value in national defence field and civil area.
The piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric of being based on the piezoelectric vibration power supply realizes, pass through direct piezoelectric effect, stress suffered on the piezoelectric can be converted into electric energy, and by energy storage device the voltage that obtains is gathered arrangement, thereby obtains the stable voltage that continues.During being considered to, the conversion of piezoelectric type mechanical energy one electric energy sees the best self-powered technology of development prospect on the yardstick.The power density of this mode is higher, does not have the relative motion of contact surface, does not therefore have wearing and tearing, and reliability easily guarantees.
The piezoelectric vibration power supply generally adopts piezoelectric ceramic as the vibration transductive material, by certain processes and reasonable circuit design, can produce the voltage that is enough to for sensing network node work, and the life-span is long, volume is little, and arranged in the application afterwards wide development prospect.
3) supply power mode of radio sensing network node
The powerup issue of wireless sensor network node can adopt following two kinds of approach to solve: the one, adopt long-life power supplys such as nuclear battery; The 2nd, utilize reproducible environmental energy, mainly comprise the energy that microwave, illumination, vibration, heat and air-flow etc. produce.Second kind of approach can provide safety, low-cost and do not have the self-powered technology of age limit in theory, caused researcher's extensive concern in recent years.
Square being directly proportional of the electric energy of microwave induced generation and the electric field strength in space, because the restriction that taken up space by sensing node, the efficient of this mode is not high.Solar cell belongs to the technology of comparative maturity, but under the dark environment sunlight a little less than, energy density is difficult to satisfy general requirement of using, the cleaning of dust also can increase maintenance workload.Conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is subjected to the influence of the temperature difference very big, and owing to the temperature difference that is difficult to reach very big on smaller volume, so electric energy density differs bigger from practicality.The airflow power generation mode needs bigger air-flow, and applicable situation is very limited.Vibration source is extensively to exist in environment, but the overwhelming majority does not all obtain utilizing.
Along with the progress of microelectronics and micro mechanical technology, power supply shared percent by volume in sensing node is increasing, so the microminiaturization of power supply is a kind of important development trend.Its operation principle of oscillatory type microgenerator roughly has following several: electromagnetic type, electrostatic and piezoelectric type.These three kinds are applicable to different conditions of work, can select a kind of of above three kinds of modes or are used in combination according to the different field that wireless sensing node is used.The vibrating power-generation technology is applicable to the occasion that has mechanical oscillation, and its energy density near practical, has been a kind of up-and-coming supply power mode.
4) relevant patent
In association area, Japan USC Co., Ltd. has applied for patent " piezoelectric generating device " (application number is 00817051.7), this patent adopts the piezo ceramic element of two plate shapes to form the pressure point ceramic wafer, pat piezoelectric ceramic plate by hard beater, excitation piezoelectric ceramic plate bending vibration produces electric energy.Germany Fei Situo (FESTO) company has applied for patent " flexural piezoelectric transducers and use thereof " (application number is 01809545.3), this patent relates to a kind of flexural piezoelectric transducers, it has an elongated supporter, supporter possesses a piezoceramic multilayer body at least one vertical side, this piezoceramic multilayer body has many piezoelectric material layers and places electrode in the middle of the piezoelectric material layer, and depends on electronic system and operate piezoelectric bending transducer.These two patents are all utilized the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric, with the Conversion of energy of surrounding environment is that electric energy is for system works, but the electric energy of its generation is fainter, and volume is bigger, and output voltage do not pass through transformation, can not satisfy the requirement of wireless sensing node operating voltage, be not suitable for being applied to the power supply of wireless sensing node.
3. summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of self-supply micro radio sensing network node that is used for condition monitorings such as aircraft, naval vessel, vehicle, bridge and industrial equipment based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
Adopt the PZT piezoelectric to realize from mechanical oscillation, collecting electric energy among the present invention, for transducer and wireless launcher provide electric energy in conjunction with rectification and DC/DC technology.Adopt low-power-consumption embedded design of hardware and software technology, super low-power consumption short-term burst formula wireless transmission technology and prediction and data compression technique, make the node minimise power consumption.Whole node need not adopt limited powered battery of life-span, thereby has reduced the maintenance workload of sensing node.
Radio sensing network node is made up of the piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) that mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, super low-power consumption microcontroller (4), super low-power consumption dispensing device (3) and transducer parts such as (5) among the present invention.Wherein piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) is made up of oscillating mass piece (13), piezoelectric patches (14), cantilever beam (15), electrode layer (12), electric weight gathering-device, DC/DC transducer parts such as (9).
PZT (piezoelectric transducer) adopts cantilever beam structure among the present invention, and the advantage of this structure mainly contains: 1) the single order resonance frequency is lower; 2) alternate stress that is subjected to of piezoelectric patches is bigger.In order to improve mean stress, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is made into the shape of variable cross-section.PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is made up of two piezoelectric patches (14) serial or parallel connection, the comparing of the transducer that the transducer that piezoelectric patches is composed in series and single piezoelectric patches are formed, and output voltage increases and is twice, and electric current is constant; Comparing of the transducer that the transducer that piezoelectric patches composes in parallel and single piezoelectric patches are formed, output voltage is constant, and electric current is original twice.Can select connecting mode according to the power of vibration source energy in the environment, the output voltage of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and the input voltage of DC/DC transducer (9) are complementary.Wherein the material of piezoelectric patches adopts the piezoelectric ceramic of PZT5 series, and being clipped in piezoelectric layer middle is a spring steel plate cantilever beam (15), and two piezoelectric patches skins have all plated one deck electrode layer, draw two leads from electrode layer and lead to rectification circuit.Rectification circuit adopts the form of voltage multiplie (7), has the function of boosting concurrently, and the direct current after the rectification leads in the DC/DC transducer (9), mainly is in order to obtain the voltage for the node operate as normal.Storing by an electric capacity by the electric weight after the conversion of DC/DC (14) transducer, is the power supply of controller (4) and RF R-T unit (3) then.
The information processing of system and control unit are super low-power consumption microcontroller MSP430 Series of MCU (MCU) (4) among the present invention.Can adopt concrete MSP430MCU according to the concrete application of sensing node.Analog sensor need adopt the MSP430MCU of built-in A/D translation function, and digital sensor then can adopt the MSP430MCU that is not with the A/D translation function.MCU receives from the digital signal of transducer and sends super low-power consumption RF R-T unit (3) after treatment to, RF R-T unit (3) power supply switch on and off the control that is subjected to microcontroller (4) and longer-term storage electric capacity (10) voltage simultaneously, after MCU handles the information that checkout gear sends, signal to be sent, this moment, controller was opened the electric supply installation of RF emitter (4), longer-term storage electric capacity (10) voltage will satisfy the supply power voltage of RF R-T unit (10) simultaneously, could operate as normal when having only the two all to satisfy on-condition.
In the present invention, the described material that is used for the electrode (12) of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer of vibrating power-generation is a nickel.
In the present invention, the described material that is used for the mass (13) of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer of vibrating power-generation is tungsten alloy (90% tungsten, 6% nickel, 4% bronze medal).
In the present invention, described piezoelectric patches (14) material that is used for the piezoelectric ceramic transducer of vibrating power-generation is the piezoelectric ceramic of PZT5 series.
In the present invention, described cantilever beam (15) material that is used for the piezoelectric ceramic transducer of vibrating power-generation is a spring steel plate.
In the present invention, described DC/DC transducer (9) model adopts LT1934-1, and this transducer can carry out work under the state of low current, can stablize the output voltage of transducer, has low in power consumption.It can realize identical function suitable DC/DC transducer (9) require input voltage between 3V to 30 volt, output voltage is about 3.3 volts.The DC/DC transducer (9) that is suitable for has models such as LT1934, MAX1722, MAX1723, MAX1724.
In the present invention, the voltage-stabiliser tube (8) of the electric quantity acquisition circuit of the described piezoelectric ceramic transducer that is used for vibrating power-generation adopts the 1N4751 model.The voltage-stabiliser tube of this model has the voltage regulation result of 30V, when operating voltage during far below 30V this voltage-stabiliser tube inoperative, just generation effect in volt more than 30.This voltage-stabiliser tube effect is that the DC/DC transducer is protected, and prevents that it from damaging because of input voltage is too high.
In the present invention, described controller (4) adopts MSP430 series controller, and this microcontroller has low in power consumption, can adapt under the faint electrical power condition that piezoelectric power supplies produces to work, when this node adopted digital sensing device, controller adopted designs such as MSP430F1121; When this node adopts the analog sensed device, the design of the MSP430F149 of the interior band of controller employing A/D converter etc.The suitable controller (4) that can realize identical function comprises models such as MSP430F20XX, MSP430X1XX, MSP430-F11X1, MSP430X4XX, ATMega128L, ATMega103L.
In the present invention, described RF R-T unit (3) is nRF24L01, and this radio-frequency unit is low in energy consumption, and transmission rate is generally 1～2Mbps soon, is adapted at carrying out work under the state of low-power consumption.The RF radio-frequency unit (3) that can realize identical function comprises models such as nRF2401, nRF24E1, CC1000, CC2420, TR1000.
Among the present invention, wireless sensing node adopts the system level power consumption optimisation technique.In wireless sensing node, the energy that emission is consumed is often high than handling, and therefore reduces the traffic by increasing amount of calculation, to realize system's total power consumption minimum.Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal adopt the historical data regression analysis that time series is predicted synchronously, only transmitting terminal just sends measured data when predicated error surpasses tolerance limit, if predicated error does not surpass tolerance limit, receiving terminal can adopt the predicted value of prediction data as measured data.For just its characteristic quantity signal that those recipients are concerned about, between calculating, storage and communication energy, look for a balance point, send again after making the total energy minimization of system.
Among the present invention, wireless sensing node adopts the system level power consumption optimisation technique in the channel multiplexing technology to divide multiplexing.In order to reduce the power consumption of sensing node, the sensing node receiving system can not be in listening state always, adopts the mode of timing wake-up to monitor.
Among the present invention the design a kind of based on burst communication and at random the timing extensive node self-organizing time-derived channel multiplex technique, its core concept is exactly to utilize the burst communication mode to shorten the transmitting time of each node as far as possible, reduce the average occupancy of channel greatly, each node adopts separate timing at random to decide when send data simultaneously, and collision probability is dropped to negligible level.Employing is specific to the seed of the random quantity of each node (for example the content of certain unit in the data in EMS memory district, input variable size sometime etc.) as pseudo random number.Sensor node works in the ISM band of 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz.
Owing to adopt the mode of random time division multiplex, can adopt the mode of accurate synchronising frequency hopping to solve external interference and may cause all communication all to interrupt this problem among the present invention.The base station is not if receive any information from sensing node in a period of time, then the next frequency of automatic frequency-hopping to the frequency meter waited for same long a period of time, if still do not receive the next frequency that then continues to skip in the frequency meter.Frequency in the frequency meter has 8, is evenly distributed on the ISM band of 2.4GHz-2.524GHz.Each sensing node is regularly opened receiving system, and to base station transmission link check message, the base station is replied an acknowledge message at once after receiving this message, if sensing node is received this acknowledge message, know that communication link is normal, close receiving system, repeat the link check process at once otherwise retransmit the next frequency that jumps to frequency meter after twice.After frequency hopping finished, all sensing nodes still worked in same frequency.
The present invention with the low consumption circuit method for designing, method for managing power supply combines with the method for transformation of vibration mechanical energy to electric energy efficiently, has designed a kind of wireless sensing node that can rely on environmental energy work,, can improve its non-maintaining property.Whole node adopts the thought of low power dissipation design, makes the power consumption of its system works drop to minimum; Adopt the MSP430MCU of low-power consumption, be operated under the low-power consumption mode, can timing wake-up, detect voltage, can carry out maximal power tracing; Employing is based on short-term burst communication and regularly wireless sensing node self-organizing time-derived channel multiplex technique at random.This invention is main innovate point with the low power dissipation design, is main target with the environment self-adaption of node, has applied range, advantage such as non-maintaining.The use of this self-supply micro radio sensing network node will have been expanded the scope of application of radio sensing network greatly.
4. description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of wireless sensing node.
Fig. 2 is the Conversion of energy and the transfer route of wireless sensing node.
Fig. 3 is the end view of piezoelectric vibration transducer.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of piezoelectric vibration transducer.
Fig. 5 be controller and peripheral circuit circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of piezoelectric vibration power supply.
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory diagrams of RF dispensing device.
Fig. 8 is based on the circuit theory diagrams of the self-supply micro radio sensing network node of piezoelectric vibration power generation.
Among the figure: the 1st, piezoelectric vibration power supply, the 2nd, antenna, the 3rd, RF R-T unit, 4 is microcontroller, and 5 is transducer, and 6 is PZT (piezoelectric transducer), 7 is voltage multiplie, and 8 is voltage-stabiliser tube, and 9 is the DC/DC transducer, 10 is longer-term storage electric capacity, 11 is lead, and 12 is electrode, and 13 is mass, 14 is piezoelectric patches, and 15 is cantilever beam.
5. embodiment
Based on the embodiment of the self-supply micro radio sensing network node of piezoelectric vibration power generation such as Fig. 1-shown in Figure 8.As shown in Figure 3, the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) in this execution mode (6) comprises electrode (12), lead (11), piezoelectric patches (14), cantilever beam (15), and a mass (13) that produces inertia force; The working method of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 6 is to produce inertia force by mass (13) vibration, at the horizontal generation alternate stress of beam, utilizes the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric patches (14), produces electric energy, by lead (11) electric energy is derived.This node relies on PZT (piezoelectric transducer) piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) that node is powered, its concrete work implementation is: piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) changes into the mechanical energy in the environment can be for the electric energy of wireless sensing node work, the mechanical energy that mainly is vibration is converted into electric energy by PZT (piezoelectric transducer) (6), wherein voltage multiplie (7) effect is that alternating current is converted into direct current, and boosting is arranged.Direct current after the conversion is by the V of DC/DC transducer (9)
InPort, shutdown pin connect after with big electric resistance partial pressure, can carry out power tracking thus, and power storage changes into the desired voltage that is fit to node work in longer-term storage electric capacity (10) the most at last.Connect a voltage-stabiliser tube behind the voltage multiplie (7), the burning voltage of this voltage-stabiliser tube is 30V, plays protection DC/DC converter (9).This voltage-stabiliser tube is inoperative during far below 30V at voltage, only just generation effect about 30.Piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) is powered to microcontroller (4) and RF dispensing device (3), microcontroller (4) can be controlled the work of node, its important process is the detected data of receiving sensor (5) and handles, after treatment, deliver to data and control information in the RF dispensing device (3) and send by antenna (2).Transducer (5) (not drawing in the circuit theory diagrams) can adopt different types according to practical application, for example: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, velocity transducer etc.Microcontroller (4) has a supervising device that the work of RF dispensing device (3) is controlled, by adjust RF dispensing device (3) operating state, can make the power consumption of RF dispensing device (3) drop to minimum.This node adopts the mentality of designing of low-power consumption, adopts the PZT piezoelectric to realize collecting electric energy in conjunction with rectification and DC/DC technology from mechanical oscillation, for transducer and wireless launcher provide electric energy.Adopt low-power-consumption embedded design of hardware and software technology, super low-power consumption short-term burst formula wireless transmission technology, system level power consumption optimisation technique and prediction and data compression technique, make the node minimise power consumption.Whole node need not adopt limited powered battery of life-span, thereby has reduced the maintenance workload of sensing node.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of self-supply micro radio sensing network node based on piezoelectric vibration power generation mainly is made up of piezoelectric vibration power supply (1), microcontroller MCU (4), RF dispensing device (3) and transducer (5).
Piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) is included as longer-term storage electric capacity (10), DC/DC transducer (9), voltage-stabiliser tube (8), voltage multiplie (7) and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) (6).
PZT (piezoelectric transducer) (6) comprises two electrodes (12), two leads (11), two piezoelectric patches (14), a cantilever beam (15), and a mass (13) that produces acceleration.
The mechanical energy of vibration is converted into electric energy by PZT (piezoelectric transducer) (6), and through over commutation, transformation, energy storage finally forms piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) for node work.
Microcontroller (4) has a supervising device that the work of RF dispensing device (3) is controlled, and makes the energy minimum of its consumption.
Microcontroller (4) handling to data from transducer (5) will be handled back data and control information and be delivered to RF dispensing device (3) and send.
Microcontroller (4) and longer-term storage electric capacity (10) control are to the power supply of RF dispensing device (3).
Piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) is powered to microcontroller (4) and RF dispensing device (3), the DC/DC transducer (8) of piezoelectric vibration power supply can be by its shutdown pin of control, regulate the operating state of DC/DC transducer (9), make power-supply system that maximum power output be arranged.Voltage-stabiliser tube (8) plays protection DC/DC transducer (9).The working method of RF dispensing device (3) is also controlled by microcontroller (4), makes it be in the operating state of low-power consumption.
2,, it is characterized in that the described piezoelectric vibration power supply (1) that utilizes obtains electric energy, powers to node according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
3, according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node based on piezoelectric vibration power generation of claim 1, the material that it is characterized in that described electrode (12) is a nickel.
4, according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node based on piezoelectric vibration power generation of claim 1, the material that it is characterized in that described mass (13) is tungsten alloy (90% tungsten, 6% nickel, 4% bronze medal).
5,, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric patches (14) is the piezoelectric ceramic of PZT5 series according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
6,, it is characterized in that described cantilever beam (15) material is an elastic steel sheet according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
7,, it is characterized in that described DC/DC transducer (9) adopts LT1934-1 according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.It can realize identical function suitable DC/DC transducer require input voltage between 3V to 30 volt, output voltage is about 3.3 volts.The DC/DC transducer that is suitable for has models such as LT1934, MAX1722, MAX1723, MAX1724
8,, it is characterized in that described voltage-stabiliser tube (8) adopts the 30V voltage-stabiliser tube of 1N4751 model according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
9,, it is characterized in that described microcontroller (4) adopts super low-power consumption MSP430F1121 when node uses digital sensor according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
10,, it is characterized in that described microcontroller (4) adopts super low-power consumption MSP430F149 when node uses analog sensor according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
11,, it is characterized in that the described suitable controller of microcontroller (4) identical function of can realizing comprises models such as MSP430F20XX, MSP430X1XX, MSP430F11X1, MSP430X4XX, ATMega128L, ATMega103L according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
12,, it is characterized in that described RF dispensing device (3) adopts nRF24L01 according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1 based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.The use RF radio-frequency unit that can realize identical function comprises models such as nRF2401, nRF24E1, CC1000, CC2420, TR1000.
13, according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1, it is characterized in that the system level power consumption optimisation technique based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
14, according to the described self-supply micro radio sensing network node of claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting the channel multiplexing technology based on piezoelectric vibration power generation.
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