CN101013819B - 将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法和装置 - Google Patents

将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101013819B
CN101013819B CN200610064271.9A CN200610064271A CN101013819B CN 101013819 B CN101013819 B CN 101013819B CN 200610064271 A CN200610064271 A CN 200610064271A CN 101013819 B CN101013819 B CN 101013819B
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wind turbine
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battery
turbine generator
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CN101013819A (zh
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艾伦·M·里特
赛勒斯·D·哈伯特
罗伯特·G·沃戈纳
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法，包括提供具有至少一个钒氧化还原电池和至少一个电池充电控制器(104)的能量储存系统。此方法还包括将至少一个电池充电控制器电耦合到可变能量供应系统，以将至少一个电池构成为在能量供应系统的能量负荷波动期间提供基本稳定的能量输出。

Description

将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种能量储存系统，尤其涉及用于将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法和装置。
背景技术
至少一些已知的风能发电系统由于风速的可变性而产生波动的或间歇的电力输出。当多个发电机被电耦合于一起，也就是，以公知的风能区配置时，整个电力输出的波动可以被减小。在理想情况下，电力输出的变动将会以因数1/√n减小，这里n表示了耦合在一起的风能发电机的数量。在透风度高的区域，多个发电机的耦合通常会减小广阔的系统上全部电力的波动，但也会带来电力摆幅稳定性的问题。通常风能发电输出的不稳定性会限制能够被连接到电网上的风能发电的数量，而不引起电压稳定性问题。这样，在系统规划意义上，风力发电通常被认为是不可靠的能源。
电力需求的波动是众所周知的。正常情况下，电力波动的发生具有相对的规律性。例如，在典型的居住区电网中，通常夜间对电力的需求低，在早上达到高峰，在白天逐渐降低，然后在傍晚又达到高峰。但是，也存在着电力需求突然和不规律增加的情况。从电力公司的观点来说，在以上情况出现的电力需求的相应增加会很难兼容，这是因为此电力需求通常是短期的。
例如，至少一些已知的电能储存系统包括电池阵列(banks)。已知的电池装配被用来在紧急或电力故障的情况下提供电力，但是通常不能用于在需求高峰时提供辅助电力。例如，已知的铅酸电池被用作为可以提供紧急照明的备用电源和/或用于电话交换机的备用电源。但是，以上的电池要么不具有满足电能储存系统需求的足够的电能储存容量，要么很昂贵。为了便利兼容短期电力需求的增加，至少一些已知的电力传输系统与电能储存系统耦合，使得可以利用或接通能量储存系统，以在高峰需求时提供额外的电力。
发明内容
在一个方面，提供了一种用于将能量储存系统耦合到可变能量供应系统的方法。此方法包括提供具有至少一个钒氧化还原电池和至少一个电池充电控制器的能量储存系统。此方法还包括将该至少一个电池充电控制器与可变能量供应系统电耦合，使得将该至少一个电池构成为在能量供应系统的能量负荷波动时提供基本稳定的能量输出。
在另一个方面，提供了一种用于给电网提供电力的电力系统。此系统包括可变能量供应系统和通过电气母线与可变能量供应系统电耦合的多个电网接口单元。此系统还包括被构成为储存来自可变能量供应系统的电力并为电网提供电力的钒氧化还原电池电储存系统。
在又一个方面，提供了一种电储存系统。此系统包括钒氧化还原电池电储存系统和与电池以及可变能量供应系统电通讯的电池充电控制器。此控制器被构成为指引可变能量供应系统的电力供给至电池和/或利用电网的至少一个。
附图说明
图1是风力涡轮电力系统示例的示意性视图。
图2是包括能量储存系统的风力涡轮电力系统示例的示意性视图。
图3是多个风力涡轮电力系统的示例性实施例的示意性视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种与风能发电系统一起应用的将化学能转换为电能的钒基还原/氧化(redox)再生能量储存系统。虽然在与风力涡轮电力系统相联系的基础上描述和说明本发明，但本发明并不局限于风力涡轮电力系统。在这里所述的实施例因此只是示例性的，代表了本发明的多种实施例，但不是包括所有实施例。以下将会解释，这些实施例将允许电力发电系统储存能量，同时，在需求高峰时为电力网提供辅助电力，或者在非高峰时段储存能量。
图1是包括与电网14电通讯中耦合的风力涡轮发电机12的风力涡轮电力系统10的示意性图示。在示例性实施例中，风力涡轮发电机12通过包括电网接口单元18和电网接口单元20的母线16为电网14提供电力。风力涡轮发电机12还经过电网接口单元24为串联到母线16的临界负载(critical load)22提供电力。在示例性实施例中，风力涡轮发电机12是2.7MW风力涡轮发电机，母线16是1100VDC普通(common)DC母线，电网接口设备18是2.7MW AC/DC换流器(inverter)，电网接口设备20是3MVA双向AC/DC，DC/AC换流器，电网接口24是100KW DC/AC换流器。系统10在高风速时具有高效率，但在风速波动或间歇时效率降低，因此，由于风速的变化，输出到电网系统14的电力也变化。
图2是包括能量储存系统102的风力涡轮电力系统100的示例性实施例的示意性视图。风力涡轮电力系统100与风力涡轮电力系统10(图1中所示)基本上相同，风力涡轮电力系统100中与风力涡轮电力系统10中元件相同的元件在图2中将使用与图1相同的附图标记。
能量储存系统102通过电池充电控制器104被电通讯耦合到在风力涡轮发电机12和电网接口系统14之间的母线16。在示例性实施例中，能量储存系统102是钒氧化还原电池-电储存系统(VRB-ESS)102，控制器14是3MW DC/DC双向降压/升压变换器。
在示例性实施例中，VRB-ESS102在诸如风力涡轮发电机12的可变电源和电力合同中稳定的竞争性需求如电网14之间用作缓冲器。在可替换的实施例中，VRB-ESS102给不稳定能源如风能和光电能(PV)增加了容量值。一对一的响应时间使得VRB-ESS102能够在相同的持续时间中充电和放电。VRB-ESS102还提供了风力涡轮输出的稳定性，并且是无功功率源。
VRB-ESS102能从任何可得到的输入源中以多兆瓦范围储存能量并能持续数小时或数日。储存的能量通过需求和指引能反馈回电网接口单元20或提供给临界负载22。VRB-ESS102被构成为在风速改变时提供稳定的电力，当风力完全失效时在一段时间内持续地提供电力。
VRB-ESS102具有充电与放电一样快速的独特功能，并能够响应所有形式下的电力品质变化，因此可以以UPS模式操作。对于需要无功功率的负载，无论在充电还是放电，VRB-ESS102能在连续的基础上提供铭牌上额定的伏-安无功功率(VARS)。因此，VRB-ESS102被构成为利用多个交织的绝缘栅双极性晶体管(IGBT)变换器将电池电压转换为AC，来存储系统中变换器的DC链路上储存的大量功率。
在示例性实施例中，控制器104被构成为便于指引风力涡轮发电机12的所有额外电力来对VRB-ESS102充电、为临界负载22提供后备电源、和/或提供电力给电网14。控制器104还被构成为便于防止VRB-ESS102过充电。
图3是包括多个并联设置的风力涡轮发电机202的多风力涡轮电力系统200的示例性实施例的示意性视图。风力涡轮电力系统200与风力涡轮电力系统100(图2中所示)基本上类似，在图3中，风力涡轮电力系统200中与风力涡轮电力系统100中元件相同的元件将使用与图2相同的附图标记。
在示例性实施例中，风力涡轮发电机202通过包括电网接口单元18和电网接口单元204的母线16为电网14提供电力。风力涡轮发电机202还通过电网接口单元206为临界负载22提供电力。在示例性实施例中，每个风力涡轮发电机12是2.7MW风力涡轮发电机，母线16是1100VDC普通DC母线，电网接口单元18是2.7MW AC/DC换流器，电网接口设备204是9MVA双向AC/DC，DC/AC换流器，电网接口206是300KW DC/AC换流器。系统200还包括通过电池充电控制器208与母线16以电通讯耦合的VRB-ESS102。在示例性实施例中，控制器208是9MW DC/DC双向降压/升压变换器。
正如本发明中使用的，VRB-ESS102具有多种功能。当电力故障时，向迎角控制系统(pitch control system)提供电力以调节所需的叶片迎角(bladepitch)。进一步，大部分电力系统与不间断电力系统(UPS)一起被构成，VRB-ESS102被构成为向UPS提供电力以给附加的负载用作备用电源。
这样的结构的另一个优点是电池储存系统可处理动态制动能量。在示例性实施例中，VRB-ESS102和控制器104被构成为吸收整个风力涡轮发电机12的输出能量以用来动态制动。通常这项功能是通过将能量耗散在大电阻上完成的。VRB-ESS102可以取代这些非常的大电阻并且比这些电阻更有效率。
以上所述的发明提供了一个经济的和可靠的方法，用于将能量储存系统与可变的能量供应系统耦合以在能量需求波动期间便于供应稳定的能量输出，在强风力时储存能量，在低风速时连续的供应能量。在风力涡轮电力系统中设置VRB-ESS，便于指引风力涡轮发电机的额外电力储存在VRB-ESS中，为临界负载提供后备电源，和/或提供电力给应用电网。进一步地，VRB-ESS便于吸收输出能量以用来动态制动。
VRB-ESS的示例性实施例在上面已得到详细描述。VRB-ESS并不局限于这里所述的具体的实施例，而且，每个系统的元件都可以被单独并与这里所述的其他元件分开应用。例如，VRB-ESS也可以与其它可变能量供应系统一起使用，并不是仅局限于与这里描述的风力发电机涡轮一起使用。另外，本发明可以与许多其它的发电机和可变能量供应系统连接实施和应用。
虽然本发明通过各种具体的实施例进行描述，但在权利要求的精神和范围内本领域技术人员能够知道本发明通过修改也可以实施。
部件列表
 
10 风力涡轮电力系统
12 风力涡流发电机
14 电网
16 总线
18 电网接口单元
20 电网接口单元
22 临界负载
24 电网接口单元
100 风力涡轮电力系统
102 VRB-ESS
104 控制器
200 风力涡轮电力系统
202 风力涡轮发电机
204 电网接口单元
206 电网接口单元
208 控制器

Claims (3)

1.一种为电网(14)提供电力的电力系统(10)，所述系统包括：
直流母线；
能量存储系统，包括钒氧化还原电池和电池充电控制器，其中所述电池充电控制器具有电耦合到所述直流母线的直流母线侧和电耦合到所述钒氧化还原电池的电池侧，所述电池充电控制器包括DC/DC双向降压/升压转换器；以及
交流电风力涡轮发电机，电耦合到所述直流母线；
其中所述钒氧化还原电池构成为当对所述交流电风力涡轮发电机的输入阻止所述交流电风力涡轮发电机产生基本稳定的能量输出时，提供基本稳定的能量输出到电网和临界负载的至少一个，以及构成所述电池充电控制器，使得所述基本稳定能量输出上的从所述交流电风力涡轮发电机的输出，存储在所述钒氧化还原电池中，
其中所述电池充电控制器和所述钒氧化还原电池构成为根据需要吸收所述交流电风力涡轮发电机的全部输出电力，用于在所述交流电风力涡轮发电机内的动态制动；以及
将所述电池充电控制器电耦合到所述交流电风力涡轮发电机，使得如果电力故障就将电力提供到风力涡轮迎角控制系统。
2.权利要求1中所述的电力系统(10)，还包括临界负载，其电耦合到所述直流母线，使得当风速低于允许所述交流电风力涡轮发电机产生基本稳定的能量输出的水平时，来自所述钒氧化还原电池的电力提供给所述临界负载。
3.权利要求1中所述的电力系统(10)，其中，所述电池充电控制器(104)被构成为指引电力供给附加的负载。
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