CN101007412A - Ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood - Google Patents
Ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wood ultra-high temperature heat treatment method for improving wood dimensional stability and durability. The heating-up process of the treatment method includes: the first heating-up stage, using only water vapor as isolating oxygen protect media; the subsequent second heating-up stage, introducing nitrogen and using the mixture gas of nitrogen and water vapor as isolating oxygen protect media to reject degradation of wood main component cellulose then prevent the decline of wood strength. The products treated by the invention have good dimensional stability and durability, while strength decline is small; Moreover, the needed processing time of the treatment method is short, production efficiency is high and cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Wood treatment method, particularly timber is carried out superhigh temperature heat treatment to improve the processing method of its dimensional stability and durability.
Background technology
Timber is widely used in various uses such as building structure, ornament materials, furniture.People are being devoted to study always makes stable, the weather-proof processing method of corrosion resistant of timber size.Particularly, because the natural timber resource is deficient day by day, the primary timber source has turned to artificial forest.Artificial forest is short the period of felling in turn, and the juvenile wood proportion is big in the timber, the content height of hemicellulose and lignin, and material is relatively poor, and density is low, dimensional stability and poor durability, thus need more to handle to improve its performance.
People once attempted ining all sorts of ways timber is processed.People adopt top finishing or veneer or barbecue timber, but such processing only can protect or charing on the top layer, can't improve the dimensional stability and the endurance quality of timber integral body.At present, domestic is to adopt the medicament method of impregnating to carry out the disposed of in its entirety of timber more, but the toxic component of chemical preservation medicament (as CCA (copper chromium arsenic), ACQ (the molten copper of ammonia) etc.) influences user's safety and health possibly, and causes the problem of environmental protection aspect.At the high tallow wood material such as pine, need utilize solvent degreasing or buck degreasing toward contact, often degreasing is incomplete but these degreasings are to thick material, and the cost height, can produce a large amount of contaminant water, influences environment.
In recent years, people more and more tend to use non-chemically the method for medicament to handle timber now.Wherein, the ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of timber (HTT) is a kind of Wood treatment method of very effective and environmental protection.
In the drying of wood was handled, temperature＞100 ℃ were conventional drying, and 100～150 ℃ is high temperature drying, and＞150 ℃ is the superhigh temperature drying.In the superhigh temperature heat treatment process, timber is in being close to or higher than 200 ℃ superhigh temperature low oxygen content environment, after continuing to handle a period of time, hemicellulose degraded in the timber, suction in the wood cell wall/wet basis group (hydroxyl) reduces, and hemicellulase is destroyed, the nutritional labeling pyrolysis, thereby hydroscopicity of wood can be descended, its dimensional stability and biological damage are improved.
After the nineties in 20th century, Finland, Holland, France, Germany, Canada, Turkey and Japan and other countries have been carried out the heat treated research and development of timber superhigh temperature in succession.The oxygen barrier protective medium difference that is adopted during according to superhigh temperature heat treatment mainly is divided three classes: steam treatment technique, inert gas treatment process and hot oil processing technology.
Some superhigh temperature heat treatment technics of Finland and France adopt steam to stop combustion of wood, and its treatment temperature is about 160 ℃ to 240 ℃.Handle the wood dimensional stability height of gained, weather-proof good with corrosion resistant performance.But steam can react with the main component cellulose of timber under higher high temperature, makes its degraded, causes the bigger decline of strength of wood.This has limited to the purposes of the timber of this method processing gained, especially in the purposes aspect structural bearing component.
Other superhigh temperature heat treatment technics of France adopt the inert gas of nitrogen of low oxygen content and so on as the oxygen barrier protective medium.Its processing procedure is carried out in being full of the specially treated chamber of nitrogen, and timber is heated to about 210 ℃ to 240 ℃.The hydroscopicity of wood of handling gained can obviously reduce, the dimensional stability height, and this process can destroy the required nutritional labeling of rot fungi, and decay resistance is better.But adopt nitrogen to do protective medium separately, can cause the wood surface sclerosis, thereby wood surface can not change, cause the intensity of timber to produce destruction greatly with the shrink/expanded of timber, and the increase of timber fragility, the modulus of rupture is lost more than 40%.
German and more Canadian superhigh temperature heat treatment technics adopt deep fat (plant crude oil) as spacer medium.Timber and oxygen are fully isolated in the processing procedure, and the heat transference efficiency height.Its treatment temperature is generally at about 180 ℃～220 ℃.The durability of wood of handling gained is good, and oil absorption is little, and intensity is also higher relatively.But there is distinct disadvantage in this method, and promptly the processing cost height can pollute wood surface, and has the purification of waste oil and the problem of waste treatment aspect.
The concrete treatment process that adopts of superhigh temperature heat treatment comprises protective medium, pressure, flow process, temperature, time, the rate of heat addition, first moisture content or the like, all can influence final performance and the production cost and the efficient of Wood products.
People urgently wish to find a kind of timber superhigh temperature Technology for Heating Processing, can eliminate all deficiencies of above-mentioned prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood, its Wood products of producing is dimensional stability and good endurance not only, and can keep its intensity to greatest extent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood, its processing time shortens, and production efficiency improves, and cost reduces.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of timber superhigh temperature processing method, can carry out fast timber, degreasing completely, and the inside and outside variable color unanimity of the timber that produces, it is little that mechanical property differs, the total quality height.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by the ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood that provides a kind of as described below being used to improve wood dimensional stability and durability.The temperature-rise period of described processing method comprises: first temperature rise period, only utilize steam as the oxygen barrier protective medium in this stage; Second temperature rise period subsequently, introduce nitrogen in this in stage, as the oxygen barrier protective medium,, thereby prevent the decline of strength of wood with the mist of described nitrogen and steam with the cellulosic degraded of inhibition timber main component.
The method according to this invention has been divided into two stages with temperature-rise period.In first temperature rise period, can only utilize steam to be used as protective medium.This stage relative temperature is lower, and the cellulose in steam and the timber does not take place as yet or a spot of degraded only takes place, so the intensity of timber can not descend substantially.Because only protective medium only is a steam, just can make full use of the steam that timber self is produced in the high temperature drying, make processing procedure control easy, save cost.When temperature continue to raise, steam with regard to be easy to timber in cellulose react and cause the bigger decline of strength of wood.The present invention has designed second temperature rise period subsequently.In this stage, in treating of wood equipment, introduce nitrogen, thereby with the mist of steam and nitrogen as protective medium.Can reduce the concentration of steam like this, suppress the reaction of cellulose and steam, thereby reduce the degraded of timber, prevent declining to a great extent of strength of wood.Adopt temperature-rising method of the present invention, both avoided long-time, the high concentration ground use adverse effect that nitrogen caused, effectively weakened the degradation of steam under higher temperature again, thereby can keep the intensity of timber to greatest extent.
Preferably, the temperature that changes to second temperature rise period from first temperature rise period is in 130 ℃ to 220 ℃ scope, more preferably in 150 ℃ to 180 ℃ scope.
Preferably, this processing method is carried out under a processing pressure, and described processing pressure is than the high 0.01MPa to 10Mpa of normal pressure, preferably high 0.2Mpa to 0.5Mpa.Because the heat transfer rate of timber is relevant with the pressure direct ratio ground of medium, so when carrying out under relatively high pressure when heat treatment, heat transfer rate is more following soon than normal pressure, and the shortening time of penetration, thereby raises the efficiency.Simultaneously, higher pressure can also suppress the discharge of pyrolysis impurity, the intensity of protection timber.
Preferably, processing pressure is monitored in temperature-rise period.By monitor force, can make the treating of wood environment more stable, and can control the performance of final products better.In addition, monitor force also can reduce the cracking of timber, helps producing big pillar material.
Preferably, in second temperature rise period, realize needed pressure by the input of controlling nitrogen.
Preferably, with 5 ℃～15 ℃ temperature difference cascade raising temperature, and correspondingly controlled pressure boosts with the differential pressure step by step of 0.01Mpa to 0.1Mpa.
Preferably, nitrogen with the ratio r of mixing of steam is: 0＜r≤10.
Preferably, this processing method comprised successively as the next stage: warm-up phase, drying stage, the temperature rise period of realizing described temperature-rise period, holding stage and cooling stage.
Preferably, by temperature-rise period, treatment temperature reaches 150 ℃～260 ℃.
According to Wood heat treatment method cost economy of the present invention, the production efficiency height, and be fit to comprise the processing of the various timber of log, thin plate, slab, square column, composite plate.And the product hygroscopicity of being produced significantly reduces, and dimensional stability is good, and it is little that intensity descends, degreasing fast, fully, corrosion resistant good weatherability, and inside and outside variable color unanimity, mechanical property differ little, combination property is outstanding.
After the detailed description to specific embodiment below having read, more preferred versions of the present invention and Geng Duo advantage can become clearer.
The specific embodiment
Provide a exemplary embodiment below according to ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood of the present invention.
This exemplary Technology for Heating Processing comprises five stages: warm-up phase, and drying stage, the temperature rise period is the processing stage of heat preservation hot and cooling stage.
At first, timber is put into a Wood heat treatment device, described Wood heat treatment device can comprise treating of wood chamber, heater, blower fan, heating valve, circulating valve and pressure and temperature supervising device etc.Carry out following processing step then successively:
1, warm-up phase
At warm-up phase, timber is carried out preheating.The temperature of warm-up phase for example can be elevated to about 100 ℃～150 ℃.In the temperature-rise period of warm-up phase, can be depending on the circumstances or the needs of the situation to the timber processing of spraying water.
2, drying stage
After warm-up phase is warmed up to uniform temperature, keeps this temperature, and enter drying stage.In described temperature, the moisture in the timber begins and constantly evaporation.
Generally with timber dewatering to moisture content be 2%～5%, preferably 2% o'clock, this drying stage finishes.When drying stage finished, the pressure in the treating of wood chamber can be reduced to normal pressure.
3, the temperature rise period
In this temperature rise period, gradually the temperature in the treating of wood chamber is risen to the needed temperature of superhigh temperature heat treatment, as 150 ℃ to 260 ℃.Under such temperature, hemicellulose degraded in the timber, suction in the wood cell wall/wet basis group (hydroxyl) reduces, hemicellulase is destroyed simultaneously, the nutritional labeling pyrolysis, thus hydroscopicity of wood is descended, equilibrium moisture content reduces, dimensional stability improves, and owing to eliminated mushroom survive necessary nutrition and moisture, the corrosion resistance of timber is also improved greatly.In addition, for the timber that contains fat, also can finish degreasing fast simultaneously.
Preferably, make the pressure in the treating of wood chamber be higher than normal pressure, for example than the high 0.01MPa to 10Mpa of normal pressure power.Higher pressure helps to accelerate the timber heat transfer rate, thereby shortens time of penetration, causes this processing procedure for example can finish at about 2～8 hours, has greatly improved production efficiency.In addition, higher pressure can also suppress the discharge of pyrolysis impurity, the intensity of protection timber.
More preferably be that processing pressure can be than the high 0.2～0.5Mpa of normal pressure.Practice shows that such pressure can promote to conduct heat and shorten the processing time significantly, and also can be not too high to the wiper seal requirement of treatment facility, is economically viable.
When heating up, can monitor the pressure in the equipment, it along with rising, temperature is controllably progressively boosted.For example, the temperature difference that can 5 ℃～15 ℃, preferably 8 ℃～12 ℃ heats up gradually, and simultaneously pressure is monitored and regulated, and makes it synchronously with 0.01 to 0.1MPa, preferably the pressure reduction of 0.02～0.06Mpa progressively boosts.By monitoring, can make the treating of wood environment more stable, and can control the performance of final products better pressure.
The method according to this invention, temperature-rise period can be divided into second temperature rise period subsequently, one first temperature rise period and one.In first temperature rise period, the temperature in the treating of wood chamber is relatively low, as is about 110 ℃～180 ℃, can only use steam as the oxygen barrier protective medium.Described steam can be evaporated from timber itself, for example in the drying stage undischarged surplus water steam or in the temperature rise period further vapor evaporated, and need not specially to add.This helps simplified apparatus and operation, and saves cost.
When temperature is elevated to a higher temperature, steam be easy to timber in cellulose generation chemical reaction.Cellulose is the important component that constitutes wood structure, and its degraded can cause the rapid decline of strength of wood.According to the present invention, temperature-rise period can enter for second temperature rise period from the first above-mentioned temperature rise period, began to introduce nitrogen in this stage, thereby was used as protective medium with the mixture of steam and nitrogen.
The temperature that changes to second temperature rise period since first temperature rise period can be the cellulose of institute's timber to be processed during with steam generation chemical reaction or a temperature before, or the cellulose of timber only with steam a spot of chemical reaction, a strength of wood temperature of reduction significantly not as yet takes place.The concrete numerical value of this temperature can be considered handled timber kind, sample dimensions and the requirement of strength of final products waited comprehensively to determine.According to practical experience, the temperature that should change to second temperature rise period from first temperature rise period is preferably in 130 ℃ to 220 ℃ scope, more preferably in 150 ℃ to 180 ℃ scope.
Adopt processing method of the present invention, on the one hand, owing to be easy to the cellulose generation degradation reaction of timber, cause the stage of declining to a great extent of strength of wood to introduce nitrogen at steam, thereby the concentration of the steam under the reduction high temperature, the degradation reaction of steam and wood-cellulose prevents the excessive decline of strength of wood effectively under the inhibition high temperature.
On the other hand, with only adopt nitrogen and compare in the situation that high-temperature heat treatment is introduced nitrogen at the beginning, the concentration of the nitrogen in the entire process process is relatively low, and the time that exists is shorter, can cause the wood surface sclerosis sharply, prevent strength failure inner owing to timber and that surperficial inconsistent shrink/expanded causes, also suppressed the fragility increase of product and the decline of elastic modelling quantity effectively.
Handle by method of the present invention, can guarantee advantageously that timber keeps maximum intensity as much as possible.Simultaneously, the product that is produced also still has both the various advantages that superhigh temperature heat treatment is brought.
Preferably, can introduce nitrogen like this, reach when beginning to introduce the predetermined temperature of nitrogen, pressure is reduced to the pressure index of a last temperature level, add the pressure of nitrogen then until this temperature level in temperature.Can utilize the input of nitrogen to realize required pressure.Nitrogen can be introduced till timber can not produce moisture.
Preferably, in the protective medium that steam and nitrogen mix, nitrogen and steam mix ratio r greater than 0 smaller or equal to 10.
4. holding stage:
After finishing intensification, keep described temperature and no longer boost a period of time, as 2-8 hour, so that timber is able to sufficient heat treatment.
5. cooling stage:
After holding stage finishes, carry out the cooling balance of timber.This stage is undertaken by stopping intensification and segmentation steam discharge.If desired, also can be interrupted water spray, and air-cooled.
To be cooled to uniform temperature, product can be taken out from treating of wood equipment.
As above as seen, adopt timber superhigh temperature heat treatment technics of the present invention, can obtain following good technical effect compared to existing technology:
The intensity that keeps timber to greatest extent;
Processing time is short, the production efficiency height, and cost is low;
Hygroscopicity reduces, and dimensional stability is good;
The corrosion resistant good weatherability can be used for a long time, is suitable for various occasions;
Inside and outside variable color unanimity;
Finish simultaneously fast, degreasing completely.
Can process big specification product
Should also be noted in that above-mentioned technological process and parameter only are preferred embodiments more of the present invention.In the scope that does not exceed design of the present invention, can make many variations to them.As understood by the skilled person in the art, described five stages in the above-mentioned wood treatment process, the concrete numerical value of some parameters, can carry out suitable choice and selection according to different timber varieties, quality, dried wet situation, test specimen weight and size, final use and requirement etc., and not only be confined to top content described in detail.
Protection scope of the present invention is determined by appended claims, rather than top described specific embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood that is used to improve wood dimensional stability and durability, the temperature-rise period of described processing method comprises:
First temperature rise period, only utilize steam as the oxygen barrier protective medium in this stage; With
Second temperature rise period subsequently, introduce nitrogen in this in stage, as the oxygen barrier protective medium,, thereby prevent the decline of strength of wood with the mist of described nitrogen and steam with the cellulosic degraded of inhibition timber main component.
2. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature that changes to second temperature rise period from first temperature rise period is in 130 ℃ to 220 ℃ scope.
3. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the described temperature that changes to second temperature rise period from first temperature rise period is in 150 ℃ to 180 ℃ scope.
4. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described processing method is carried out under a processing pressure, described processing pressure is than the high 0.01Mpa to 10Mpa of normal pressure.
5. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described processing pressure is than the high 0.2Mpa to 0.5Mpa of normal pressure.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood, it is characterized in that, when heating up, processing pressure is monitored.
7. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in second temperature rise period, realizes needed pressure by the input of controlling nitrogen.
8. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, with 5 ℃～15 ℃ temperature difference cascade raising temperature, and correspondingly controlled pressure boosts with the differential pressure step by step of 0.01Mpa to 0.1Mpa.
9. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, nitrogen with the ratio r of mixing of steam is: 0＜r≤10.
10. ultrahigh temperature heat treatment method of wood as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described method comprised successively as the next stage: warm-up phase, drying stage, the temperature rise period of realizing described temperature-rise period, holding stage and cooling stage; And by described temperature-rise period, treatment temperature reaches 150 ℃～260 ℃.
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| CN102225566A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-10-26 | 周彩球 | High-temperature thermal treatment timber production method |
| CN102555005A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江林碳木业科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant solid wood section, flame-retardant solid wood floor and production method of flame-retardant solid wood section |
| CN101497799B (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2012-11-14 | 上海大不同木业科技有限公司 | Superhigh temperature wood carbonization method |
| CN103171008A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-06-26 | 周立刚 | Timber physical modification method |
| CN103659973A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | High temperature treatment technology for fast-growing man-made forest eucalyptus wood |
| CN103921325A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-16 | 无锡宇盛厨卫有限公司 | Method for anti-oxidation heat treatment of timber |
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| CN102555005B (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2015-02-18 | 浙江林碳木业科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant solid wood section, flame-retardant solid wood floor and production method of flame-retardant solid wood section |
| CN102555005A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江林碳木业科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant solid wood section, flame-retardant solid wood floor and production method of flame-retardant solid wood section |
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| CN103171008A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-06-26 | 周立刚 | Timber physical modification method |
| CN103659973A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | High temperature treatment technology for fast-growing man-made forest eucalyptus wood |
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| CN104654742A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-05-27 | 梁未 | Method for drying plates |
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| WO2016086656A1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-09 | 王凯 | Method for steaming during changing of softwood into hardwood |
| CN107618085A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-23 | 威特控股有限公司 | Technology for Heating Processing for timber |
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