CN101002289A - Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstalk - Google Patents
Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstalk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cables made of twisted conductor pairs. More specifically, the present invention relates to twisted pair communication cables for highspeed data communications applications. A twisted pair including at least two conductors extends along a generally longitudinal axis, with an insulation surrounding each of the conductors. The conductors are twisted generally longitudinally along the axis. A cable includes at least two twisted pairs and a filler. At least two of the cables are positioned along generally parallel axes for at least a predefined distance. The cables are configured to efficiently and accurately propagate high-speed data signals by, among other functions, limiting at least a subset of the following: impedance deviations, signal attenuation, and alien crosstalk along the predefined distance.
Description
Related application
The title that the application requires on October 31st, 2003 to submit to is the priority of the provisional application of " cable with offset filler " (sequence number 60/516,007), is hereby expressly incorporated by reference to its content whole.The application is relevant for the application of " cable with offset filler " with title, and itself and the application submitted on same.
Technical field
The present invention relates to by the cable of stranded conductor making.More particularly, the present invention relates to be used for twisted wire pair (twisted-pair cable) cable that high-speed data communication is used.
Background technology
Along with computer extensive and increasing use in communications applications, the data traffic of Chan Shenging has more been given prominence to necessity of communication network high speed transmission data thereupon.In addition, development of technology has promoted the high speed communication Design of device and has applied that described high speed communication device can transmit data with the speed that is higher than the used speed of conventional data transmission cable transmission data.Therefore, the data cable such as Local Area Network group's typical communication network has limited the speed that data flow between communication device.
In order to transmit data between communication device, many communication networks have used and have comprised the traditional cable of stranded conductor to (also being known as " twisted wire pair " or " line to ").Typical twisted wire pair comprises two insulated conductors (or conductor) of twisting together of axis longitudinally.
Twisted-pair cable must satisfy the specific performance properties standard, so that transmit data efficiently and accurately between communication device.If cable can not satisfy these standards at least, their signal integrity will suffer damage.Industrial standard has been stipulated overall dimension, performance and the fail safe of cable.For example, in the U.S., Electronic Industries Association/telecommunications industry association (EIA/TIA) provides the standard of the performance specification of relevant data transmission cable.Some other countries also adopt these or similar standard.
According to institute's accepted standard, utilize some parameters that comprise dimensional characteristic, interoperability, impedance, decay and crosstalk to estimate the performance of twisted-pair cable.Described standard-required cable is worked in certain parameter area.For example, for many twisted-pair cable types, the maximum average outside diameter of cable is defined as 0.250 inch.Described standard also requires cable to work in certain electric scope.The scope of bound of parameter changes according to the attribute of cable signal to be transmitted.Generally speaking, along with the increase of data-signal speed, this signal becomes to the undesirable influence from cable, for example impedance, decay and the influence of crosstalking more responsive.Therefore, high speed signal requires better cable performance, so that keep enough signal integrities.
To impedance, decay and the discussion of crosstalking will help to illustrate the limitation of traditional cable.First cited parameter impedance is that it is represented with ohm to the measurement unit of the mobile total resistance of the signal of telecommunication.All right impedance has influence to the cable twisting line for resistance, electric capacity and inductance.In theory, the impedance of twisted wire pair is directly proportional with inductance from the conductor effect, and is inversely proportional to electric capacity from the insulator effect.
Impedance can also be defined as the best " path " of truncated data.For example, if signal importantly, transmits the impedance that the used cable of this signal also has 100 ohm with 100 ohm impedance transmission.Any deviation along this impedance matching at any point place of cable all will cause the part transmission signals to reflect back towards the transmission ends of cable, thereby transmission signals is weakened.Because the caused this weakening of signal reflex is called as return loss.
Owing to many reasons have produced the impedance deviation.For example, the impedance of twisted wire pair is subjected to the physics of this twisted wire pair and the influence of electrical characteristic, comprising: the dielectric property of the material of close each lead; The diameter of lead; Center on the diameter of the insulating material of lead; Distance between the lead; Relation between the twisted wire pair; The twisted wire pair lay or the lay pitch (finishing the distance in a stranded cycle); The joint current lay; And the tightness that centers on the sheath of twisted wire pair.
Because the last Column Properties of twisted wire pair is easy to vary along its length, so the impedance of twisted wire pair may be along the right length generation deviation of described line.Impedance the physical attribute of twisted wire pair change arbitrarily some place deviation takes place.For example, the distance that only increases between the lead of twisted wire pair will cause the impedance deviation.The position that distance increases between twisted wire pair, impedance will increase, because the distance between the lead of impedance and twisted wire pair is directly proportional.
The variation of impedance aspect is big more, and signal de-emphasis is serious more.Therefore, generally make and allow the impedance variation amount standardization along cable length.Particularly, the impedance that is used for the EIA/TIA standard-required cable of cable performance only changes in limited number range.Typically, these scopes have been considered the variable quantity of impedance aspect abundance, because kept the integrality of traditional data signal in these scopes.Yet because when high speed transmission of signals, undesirable influence of impedance variation is highlighted, and same impedance variation scope has endangered the integrality of high speed signal.Therefore, along the strict control group variable quantity of cable length help accurately, effectively transmit high-speed signals (such as have near and surpass the signal of the aggregate speed of 10 gigabit/sec).Particularly, the later stage manufacturing operation of cable (such as making cable twisting) should be with in the tangible impedance mismatching lead-in cable.
Be decay to estimating useful listed second parameter of cable performance.Decay expression is when the loss of signal of the signal of telecommunication when conductor length is transmitted.If too much will becoming, the signal decay concerning receiving system, can not discern.Can not take place in order to ensure this situation, standard committee has determined limiting value on acceptable loss numerical value basis.
Some factors are depended in the decay of signal, comprising: the dielectric constant that centers on the material of lead; The impedance of lead; Signal frequency; The length of lead; And the diameter of lead.In order to help to guarantee acceptable Reduction Level, institute's accepted standard is regulated in these factors some.For example, the EIA/TIA standard defines the tolerable size of the lead that is used for twisted wire pair.
Influence signal attenuation around the material of lead, tend to make the loss of signal to minimize because have the material (for example, less dielectric constant) of better dielectric property.Therefore, many traditional cables use the material such as polyethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) (FEP) to come code wire.These materials provide usually than the littler dielectric loss of other material with high dielectric constant such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).In addition, some traditional cables manage to reduce the loss of signal by making around the air capacity maximization of twisted wire pair.Air is owing to its low dielectric constant (1.0) becomes the superior isolation body that overcomes signal attenuation.
The material of sheath also influences decay, especially when cable comprises the inner shield part.The typical sheath material that uses with traditional cable tends to have bigger dielectric constant, and it can cause the bigger loss of signal.Therefore, many traditional cables use " loose sleeve pipe " structure, and it helps to make sheath and unscreened twisted wire pair to separate.
Listed the 3rd parameter that influences cable performance is crosstalk (or cross-talk).The signal degradation that the expression of crosstalking causes owing to the electric capacity between the twisted wire pair and inductance coupling high/degrade.Twisted wire pair during each uses around its lead, generate an electromagnetic field naturally (being referred to as " field " or " interference field ").These be otherwise known as electric noise or electrical interference are because this can undesirably influence along the signal of other next-door neighbour's lead transmission.This typically from the source lead in limited distance to external radiation.Field intensity along with the field far from the increase of the distance of source lead and weaken.
Interference field has produced crosstalking of number of different types.Near-end cross (NEXT) is the measuring of signal coupling between near the cable transmission end the twisted wire pair.At the other end of cable, far-end cross talk (FEXT) is the measuring of signal coupling between near the twisted wire pair of the position cable receiving terminal.Power always crosstalks to express possibility influences measuring of signal coupling between all electric noise sources of the cable of signal entity inside, and described cable entity comprises many twisted wire pairs to work.AXT refers to the measuring of signal coupling between the twisted wire pair of different cables.In other words, the signal on the specific twisted wire pair of first cable can be subjected to the influence of AXT from the twisted wire pair of next-door neighbour's second cable.External power always crosstalk (APSNEXT) be illustrated in measuring of signal coupling between all noise sources that may influence the cable of signal outside.
The twisted wire pair of cable and the physical characteristic that concerns each other thereof help to determine the ability of cable control cross talk effects.More particularly, the factor that exists some known effect to crosstalk comprises: the distance between the twisted wire pair; The lay of twisted wire pair; The type of material therefor; The consistency of material therefor; And the layout that has the twisted wire pair of different laies each other.With regard to the distance between the twisted wire pair of cable, well-known, the distance of the cross talk effects of cable inside between twisted wire pair reduces when increasing.Based on this knowledge, the distance that some traditional cables have managed every Gent is decided between the twisted wire pair of cable maximizes.
With regard to the lay of twisted wire pair, known to usually is that the twisted wire pair (that is parallel twisted wire pair) with similar lay is more more responsive than non-parallel twisted wire pair to crosstalking.Have this susceptibility to crosstalking and increasing, because the interference field that is produced by first twisted wire pair is oriented the easy direction that influences other twisted wire pair, described other twisted wire pair is parallel to described first twisted wire pair.Based on this knowledge, many traditional cables are managed to reduce inside cable and are crosstalked by utilizing non-parallel twisted wire pair or changing its lay along the length of single twisted wire pair.
Also having usually, the twisted wire pair with long lay (loose twisting rate) is than the easier influence of being crosstalked of the twisted wire pair with short lay.Twisted wire pair with shorter lay makes their lead more arrange away from the angle of parallel direction with the lead than long lay twisted wire pair.The angular distance that increases from parallel direction has reduced the cross talk effects between the twisted wire pair.In addition, the twisted wire pair of longer lay cause online between take place more nested, thereby formed the position that the distance between the twisted wire pair reduces.This has further reduced the ability of line to the migration of opposing noise.Therefore, long lay twisted wire pair is more more responsive than short lay twisted wire pair to the cross talk effects that comprises AXT.
Based on this knowledge, some traditional cables by will long lay line to becoming in the cable cover(ing) internal placement that farthest dividing comes and manage the cross talk effects that reduces between the long lay twisted wire pair.For example, 4 lines to cable in, two twisted wire pairs with longer lay will be arranged to farthest separate (diagonally) each other, so that make the distance maximization between them.
Consider above-mentioned cable data, many traditional cables have been designed to regulate the impedance of individual cable inside, the influence that decays and crosstalk by some factors of these performance parameters of control known effect.Therefore, traditional cable has reached the performance level that only enough is used to transmit the traditional data signal.Yet along with the popularization of emerging high-speed communication system and device, the defective of traditional cable becomes obviously very soon.Traditional cable can not transmit the employed high-speed data signal of emerging communication device accurately, efficiently.As mentioned above, high speed signal is to because decay, impedance mismatching and comprise that the signal degradation that crosstalking of AXT cause is more responsive.In addition, high speed signal has aggravated cross talk effects naturally owing to produce stronger interference field around signal conductor.
Because produce the interference field that strengthens under High Data Rate, it is more remarkable that the influence of AXT becomes concerning the transmission of high-speed data signal.Although traditional cable can be ignored the influence of AXT when transmission traditional data signal; but the method for crosstalking that is used to control traditional cable inside can not provide enough level of isolation, the lead of avoiding high speed signal with the protection cable between the influence of cable AXT.In addition, some traditional cables have adopted and can work really with the design to the exposed amount of external noise of the twisted wire pair that improves them.For example, typical star filler cable more keeps identical cable size usually by jacket thickness that reduces them and the twisted wire pair that promotes them near jacket surface, thereby the twisted wire pair of the traditional cable by will the next-door neighbour is more drawn close the influence that makes AXT and become and worsen more.
The influence that power is always crosstalked increases under the higher data transmission rate equally.Generally only use two pairs of twisted wire pairs that are used for by the traditional cable transmission such as the classical signal of the ethernet signal of 10 mbit/and 100 mbit/.Yet, the bandwidth that the semaphore request of more speed increases.Therefore, transmit on the twisted wire pair more than two pairs with full-duplex mode (carrying out two-way transmission on the twisted wire pair) usually, thereby increased the number of crosstalk sources such as the high speed signal of the ethernet signal of 1 gigabit/sec and 10 gigabit/sec.Therefore, traditional cable can not overcome the influence of power that is produced by high speed signal and the enhancing of crosstalking.The more important thing is that traditional cable can not overcome cable to the crosstalk increase of (AXT) of cable, because all twisted wire pairs of adjacent cable all may be work, so this is crosstalked and has increased in fact.
Similarly, other conventional art also is invalid when being applied to the high speed communication signal.For example, as mentioned above, some traditional data-signals are general only to need two pairs to be used for the effectively twisted wire pair of transmission.In this case, communication system can dope the interference of the signal of a pair of twisted wire pair to the right signal of another pair twist zygonema usually.Yet owing to used more transmission twisted wire pair, compound high-speed data signal has produced more noise source, and its influence seldom can be predicted out.Therefore, it is no longer valid to be used to offset the conventional means of measurable noise effect.For AXT, because the signal of other cable is unknowable or unpredictable usually, so the predictability means are particularly invalid.In addition, attempt to predict that signal and coupling effect thereof on the adjacent cable all are unrealistic and difficult.
Because the cross talk effects of the enhancing that high speed signal produced has proposed severe problem to described signal integrity at signal when traditional cable transmits.Particularly, crosstalk and be not designed for sufficiently resisting the AXT influence that produces by high speed transmission of signals because normal cable is devoted to control inside cable traditionally, so high speed signal will unacceptably be decayed by the influence of AXT and be worsened.
Traditional cable has used conventional art to reduce cable internal crosstalk between the twisted wire pair.Yet traditional cable is not applied to those technology the AXT between the adjacent cable.One of them reason is that traditional cable can satisfy the standard that is used to slow down the traditional data signal, and does not need to consider the control AXT.In addition, suppress AXT crosstalk than the control inside cable more difficult because with crosstalk differently from the inside cable in known source, AXT can not be measured or predict exactly.AXT is difficult to measure, because it is typically produced by the unknown source of being separated by with unpredictable distance.
Therefore, the technology of traditional cabling is used to control AXT with failing.In addition, many conventional arts can not be used to control AXT at an easy rate.For example, Digital Signal Processing has been used to offset or compensate the influence that inside cable is crosstalked.Yet because AXT is difficult to measure or prediction, known Digital Signal Processing can not be used at low cost.Therefore, in traditional cable, can not control AXT.
In brief, traditional cable transmitting high speed data signal efficiently and accurately.Particularly, the traditional cable protection that is not provided for impedance mismatching, decays and crosstalks and enough levels of isolation.For example, IEEE (IEEE) prediction, for effective transmission frequency is 10 gigabit signals of 100 megahertzes (MHz), cable must provide the isolation of 60dB at least, to overcome the outside noise source of cable (such as adjacent cable).Yet the right traditional cable of stranded conductor typically provides much smaller than the isolation of the required 60dB of the signal frequency of 100MHz, and it is usually about 32dB.Described cable is launched the coldest days of the year end doubly to the noise that is used for 10 gigabits transmission defined on 100 meters cable dielectrics.Therefore, traditional twisted-pair cable can not be accurately or transmitting high speed signal of communication efficiently.
Though the cable of other type has obtained the above isolation of 60dB under the 100MHz frequency, the cable of these types has the defective that they are used in should not be in many communication systems, such as the local area network (LAN) group.Shielded twisted pair conductors cable or fiber optic cables can obtain to be used for enough level of isolation of high speed signal, but the cable of these types exceeds much than the cost of maskless twisted wire pair.Unshielded system typically can significantly save cost, and this saving has increased the needs to the unshielded system that is used as transmitting medium.In addition, traditional unshielded twisted pair cable is generally acknowledged by everybody in existing mass communication system.Wish unshielded twisted pair cable transmitting high speed signal of communication efficiently and accurately.Particularly, wish that the unshielded twisted pair cable obtains to be enough to keep the performance parameter of the integrality of high-speed data signal during carrying out high efficiency of transmission by cable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to by the cable of stranded conductor making.More particularly, the present invention relates to be used for twisted wire pair (twisted-pair cable) telecommunication cable that high-speed data communication is used.Twisted wire pair comprises the roughly lead of longitudinal axis extension of at least two edges, and has the insulator around each lead.Described lead is roughly vertically stranded along this axis.This cable comprises at least two twisted wire pairs and filler (filler).At least two described cables are arranged with preset distance at least along the almost parallel axis.Cable is constructed to come transmitting high speed data signal efficiently and accurately by restriction along at least a portion (subset) in impedance deviation, signal attenuation and the AXT of preset distance except other function.
Description of drawings
By way of example some embodiment of cable of the present invention are described now with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the perspective view of the cable group that comprises two cables of vertically arranging adjacent to each other.
Fig. 2 shows the perspective view of the embodiment of a cable that exposes section.
Fig. 3 is the right perspective view of a twisted wire.
Fig. 4 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the cable of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 B shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the cable of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 C shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the cable of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 D shows the enlarged cross-sectional view that combines with second filler according to the cable of Fig. 4 A and filler.
Fig. 5 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the filler of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 B shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the filler of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 A shows according to the viewgraph of cross-section of first embodiment of the invention at the adjacent cable of contact point place contact.
Fig. 6 B shows the viewgraph of cross-section of the adjacent cable of Fig. 6 A that is positioned at different contact points place.
Fig. 6 C shows the viewgraph of cross-section of the adjacent cable of Fig. 6 A that is isolated by air pocket.
Fig. 6 D shows the viewgraph of cross-section of the adjacent cable of Fig. 6 A that is isolated by another air pocket.
Fig. 7 is the viewgraph of cross-section according to vertical adjacent cable of first alternative embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the vertical adjacent cable of the layout of employing Fig. 4 D and the viewgraph of cross-section of filler.
Fig. 9 A is the viewgraph of cross-section of the 3rd embodiment of stranded adjacent cable, and this cable is constructed to make the long lay twisted wire pair of cable to separate.
Fig. 9 B is positioned at along another viewgraph of cross-section at the diverse location place of its longitudinal extension part for the stranded adjacent cable of Fig. 9 A.
Fig. 9 C is positioned at along another viewgraph of cross-section at the diverse location place of its longitudinal extension part for the stranded adjacent cable of Fig. 9 A-9B.
Fig. 9 D is positioned at along another viewgraph of cross-section at the diverse location place of its longitudinal extension part for the stranded adjacent cable of Fig. 9 A-9C.
Figure 10 shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the cable of another embodiment.
Figure 11 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the adjacent cable of third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 B shows the enlarged cross-sectional view of the adjacent cable of Figure 11 A, and it is stranded wherein each adjacent cable to be applied spiral.
Figure 12 shows the variation diagram that is applied to according to the twisting rate (or stranded degree) on the segment length of the cable 120 of an embodiment.
Embodiment
I. element and definition are introduced
Present invention relates in general to be configured to accurately, efficiently the transmitting high speed data signal, for example near and to surpass data rate be the cable of the data-signal of 10 gigabit/sec.Particularly, this cable can be constructed to when keeping the integrality of data-signal transmitting high speed data signal efficiently.
A. cable group view
With reference now to accompanying drawing,, Fig. 1 shows generally the perspective view with the cable group of 100 expressions, and it comprises two usually along paralleling to the axis or vertical cable 120 disposed adjacent one another.Cable 120 is constructed to produce contact point 140 and air pocket 160 between cable 120.As shown in Figure 1, cable 120 can be around the longitudinal axis twisting independently of himself.Cable 120 can be different twisting rate (twist rate) rotation.In addition, the twisting rate of each cable 120 can change along the longitudinal length of cable 120.As mentioned above, the twisting rate can be measured by the distance in complete twisting cycle, and described distance is known as lay (lay length).
By making the distance maximization (partly by the twisting rotation) between the armoured cable 120, the influence of the interference between the cable 120, especially AXT is lowered.As previously mentioned, electric capacity and inductive interferences field are known is sent by the high-speed data signal along cable 120 transmission.Field intensity increases along with the increase of data transmission bauds.Therefore, cable 120 minimizes the influence of interference field by the distance that increases between the adjacent cable 120.For example, the distance that increases between the cable 120 helps to reduce the AXT between the cable 120, because the influence of AXT is inversely proportional to distance.
Although Fig. 1 shows two cables 120, cable group 100 can comprise any amount of cable 120.Cable group 100 can comprise individual cable 120.In certain embodiments, two cables 120 are roughly arranged along parallel longitudinal axis with preset distance at least.In other embodiments, plural cable 120 is roughly arranged along parallel longitudinal axis with this preset distance at least.In certain embodiments, the length of preset distance is 10 meters.In certain embodiments, adjacent cable 120 twisting independently.In other embodiments, cable 120 twists together.
B. cable view
Fig. 2 shows the perspective view of the embodiment of the cable 120 that exposes section.Cable 120 comprises and is constructed to separate the filler 200 of a plurality of stranded conductors to 240 (being also referred to as " twisted wire pair 240 ", " line is to 240 " and " stranding embodiment 240 ") that described twisted wire pair comprises twisted wire pair 240a and twisted wire pair 240b.Filler 200 roughly longitudinally one longitudinal axis in axis, for example twisted wire pair 240 extend.Sheath 260 is round filler 200 and twisted wire pair 240.
As shown in Figure 2, cable 120 comprises the spine 180 of the spiral rotation of rotating when described cable 120 centers on the longitudinal axis twisting.Cable 120 is can multiple cable lay stranded around longitudinal axis.Be to be noted that the lay of cable 120 influences the lay separately of twisted wire pair 240.When the lay of cable 120 shortened (tighter twisting rate), the lay separately of twisted wire pair 240 also shortened.Cable 120 can be configured to advantageously influence the lay of twisted wire pair 240, and this structure will be explained further with respect to the lay restriction of cable 120.
Fig. 2 also shows around the stranded spirally filler 200 of longitudinal axis.Filler 200 is stranded along preset distance with different or variable twisting rate.Therefore, it is flexible and rigid-flexible that filler 200 is constructed to, stranded to be used for different twisting rates, and to be constructed to be rigidity, to be used to keep described different twisting rate.Fully twisting of filler 200 (that is, having fully little lay) is to form air pocket 160 between adjacent cable 120.Only by way of example, in certain embodiments, filler 200 is stranded with the about 100 times lay that is no more than a pair of lay in the twisted wire pair 240, so that form air pocket 160.Filler 200 will further be discussed with reference to figure 4A.
C. twisted wire pair view
Fig. 3 is one a perspective view in the twisted wire pair 240.As shown in Figure 3, stranding embodiment 240 comprises the lead 300 of two insulated bodys 320 (being also referred to as " insulating part 320 ") independent isolating.Lead 300 and insulator on every side 320 thereof and another root lead 300 and insulator 320 longitudinally axis twist together spirally.Fig. 3 further shows the diameter (d) and the lay (L) of twisted wire pair 240.In certain embodiments, twisted wire pair 240 is shielded.
Therefore, the size of the diameter of the diameter of each root lead 300 and each insulator 320 is set to promote the balance between each (lead 300 and an insulator) in the twisted wire pair 240.The size of the parts of cable 120, for example lead 300 and insulator 320 should meet industrial standard.In certain embodiments, the size of cable 120 and parts thereof or size meet and be used for rj-45 cables and connector, such as the industrial size standard of Registered Jack-45 and plug.In certain embodiments, this industrial size standard comprises the standard that is used for the 5th class, 5e class and/or the 6th class cable and connector.In certain embodiments, the size of lead 300 is between #22 American wire gage (AWG) and #26AWG.
Each root lead 300 in the twisted wire pair 240 can comprise any electric conducting material that satisfies industrial standard, and it includes but not limited to copper conductor 300.Insulator 320 can include but not limited to fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) (FEP), the foam ethene chlorotrifluoroethylene materials such as (ECTFE) of thermoplastics, fluorinated polymer material, flame-proof polyethylene (FRPE), polypropylene flame redardant (FRPP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), solid or form of foam.
D. cable cross-section view
Fig. 4 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the cable 120 of first embodiment of the invention.As shown in Fig. 4 A, sheath 260 is round filler 200 and twisted wire pair 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d (being referred to as " twisted wire pair 240 "), to form cable 120.Twisted wire pair 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d can distinguish by having different laies.Although twisted wire pair 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d can have different laies, they should be stranded by identical direction, so that impedance mismatching is minimized, it is stranded or left-handed stranded that all twisted wire pairs 240 have dextrorotation.The lay of twisted wire pair 240b, 240d is preferably similar, and the lay of twisted wire pair 240a, 240c is preferably similar.In certain embodiments, twisted wire pair 240a, the lay of 240c be less than twisted wire pair 240b, the lay of 240d.In such an embodiment, twisted wire pair 240a, 240c can be known as the twisted wire pair 240a of shorter lay, and 240c, and twisted wire pair 240b, 240d can be known as the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, 240d.Twisted wire pair 240 is shown as and optionally is arranged in the cable 120, so that AXT minimizes.The selectivity of twisted wire pair 240 is arranged and be will be discussed further below.
The leg 415 of filler 200 and core 410 can be known as the body portion 500 of filler 200.Fig. 5 A is the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the filler 200 of first embodiment.In Fig. 5 A, filler 200 comprises body portion 500, and described body portion comprises leg 415, separating part 400 and the core of filler 200.In certain embodiments, body portion 500 comprises the part that any diameter that is no more than twisted wire pair 240 of filler 200 extends, and twisted wire pair 240 is optionally held by the zone that is formed by filler 200.Therefore, twisted wire pair 240 should be arranged to adjacent with the leg 415 of the body portion 500 of filler 200.
Refer again to Fig. 4 A, filler 200 can comprise a plurality of filler extension 420a that extend radially outwardly from body portion 500 along different directions and particularly stretch out from the leg 415 of body portion 500,420b (being referred to as " filler extension 420 ").The extension 420 of leg 415 preliminary dimension at least extends radially outwardly away from body portion 500.As shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 5 A, the length of described preliminary dimension is for each extension 420a, and 420b can be different.The preliminary dimension of extension 420a is length E1, and the preliminary dimension of extension 420b is length E2.In certain embodiments, the preliminary dimension of extension 420 is at least about 1/4th of one diameter in the twisted wire pair 240 that is held by filler 200.Owing to have at least about the preliminary dimension of distance for this reason, filler extension 420 makes filler 200 biasings, thereby helps to reduce AXT between the adjacent cable 120 by the distance maximization between each twisted wire pair 240 that makes adjacent cable 120.
Fig. 4 A shows the reference point 425 of the position on each leg 415 that is positioned at filler 200.Reference point 425 can be used for measuring the distance between the cable 120 of adjacent layout.Reference point 425 is with the core 410 of certain length away from filler 200.In Fig. 4 A and other preferred embodiments, reference point 425 approximately is positioned at the midpoint of each leg 415.In other words, some embodiment comprise the reference point 425 that is positioned at away from the position of core 410 1 segment distances, and described distance is approximately 1/2 (one-half) that is received one diameter in the twisted wire pair 240.
Offset filler 200 helps to make AXT to minimize.In addition, the AXT between the adjacent cable 120 can further minimize with the minimum biasing by making filler 200.Therefore, the extension length of the filler extension 420 of symmetric arrangement should be different, so that filler 200 biasings.Filler 200 should fully be setovered, to help to form the air pocket 160 between stranded spirally adjacent cable 120.Air pocket 160 should be enough big, to help to keep at least the average minimum range between the adjacent cable 120 on the predetermined length at least of adjacent cable 120.In addition, the offset filler 200 of adjacent cable 120 can play the twisted wire pair 240b with one longer lay in the cable 120, it is farther that the twisted wire pair 240a of 240d (such as the stranding embodiment of tight adjacency) and shorter lay, 240c compare the outside adjacent noise source of distance.For example, in certain embodiments, extension length (E1) is approximately the twice of extension length (E2).Only by way of example, in certain embodiments, extension length (E1) is approximately 0.04 inch (1.016 millimeters), and extension length (E2) is approximately 0.02 inch (0.508 millimeter).Subsequently, the line of longer lay is to 240b, and 240d can be placed as contiguous (or close) the longest extension 420a so that the line of long lay is to 240b, between the adjacent noise source of 240d with any outside apart from maximizing.
Not only the filler extension 420 of symmetric arrangement should have different length so that filler 200 is setovered, and the filler extension 420 of cable 120 preferably extends with minimum at least extension length.Particularly, filler extension 420 should fully extend across the transverse cross-sectional area of twisted wire pair 240, to help to form the air pocket 160 between stranded spirally adjacent cable 120, this air pocket 160 can help keeping about minimum average B configuration distance at least on the predetermined length between adjacent cable 120 at least.For example, in some preferred embodiments, in the filler extension 420 at least one extends across at least one cross section in the twisted wire pair 240 with at least 1/4 distance of the diameter (d) of identical twisted wire pair 240, and twisted wire pair 240 is adjacent to hold with filler 200.In other preferred embodiments, air pocket 160 is formed has 0.1 times the Breadth Maximum that is at least one diameter in the described cable 120.Extension length (E1, E2) and the influence of 200 pairs of AXTs of offset filler will be further described below.
The cross-sectional area of filler 200 can be extended, to help to improve the performance of cable 200.Particularly, the filler extension 420 of cable 120 can increase, for example towards sheath 260 radiation radially outward, roughly to help to make twisted wire pair 240 fix in position relative to one another.As shown in Fig. 4 A, filler extension 420a, 420b can increase, to comprise different cross-sectional areas.Particularly, by increasing the cross-sectional area of filler 200, it is minimum that undesirable effect of impedance mismatching and capacity unmbalance reaches, thereby make the cable 120 can be with High Data Rate work in the inhibit signal integrality.These advantages will be discussed further below.
In addition, the outward flange of filler extension 420 can be bent, to support described sheath 260 when allowing sheath 260 to fit closely on the filler extension 420.The outer peripheral curvature of filler extension 420 is by minimizing impedance mismatching and capacity unmbalance to help to improve the performance of cable 120.Particularly, by being close to sheath 260 assemblings, filler extension 420 has reduced the air capacity in the cable 120 and usually the parts of cable 120 has been fixed in position, comprises twisted wire pair 240 position each other.In some preferred embodiments, sheath 260 compressions are assemblied on filler 200 and the twisted wire pair 240.The advantage of these features will be discussed further below.
The outer peripheral spine 180 that filler extension 420 forms along cable 120.Spine 180 protrudes with different height according to the length of filler extension 420.As shown in Fig. 4 A, the 180a of spine more protrudes than spine 180b.This helps to make cable 120 biasings, so that reduce the AXT between the adjacent cable 120, this feature will be discussed further below.
Measuring of the maximum gauge of cable 120 (D1) is also shown among Fig. 4 A.Concerning the cable 120 shown in Fig. 4 A, diameter (D1) is the distance between 180a of spine and the 180b of spine.As mentioned above, cable 120 can have specific size or diameter, so that it meets certain industrial standard.For example, cable 120 can have the size that meets the 5th class, 5e class and/or the 6th class unscreened cable.Only by way of example, in certain embodiments, the diameter of cable 120 (D1) is no more than 0.25 inch (6.35mm).
Owing to meet the existing dimensional standard that is used for the unshielded twisted pair cable, cable 120 can be used to replace existing cable at an easy rate.For example, cable 120 can be replaced the 6th class unscreened cable in the arrangement, communications network at an easy rate, thereby helps to improve the transmission speed of the data available between the device.In addition, cable 120 can link to each other with system with existing electrical connector at an easy rate.Therefore, cable 120 can help to improve the communication speed between the existing network device.
Although Fig. 4 A shows two filler extensions 420, other embodiment can comprise the filler extension 420 of various quantity and structure.Any amount of filler extension 420 can be used, the distance between the cable 120 that is arranged to be closely adjacent to each other with increase.Similarly, can use the filler extension 420 of different or similar length.Distance between the adjacent cable 120 that is provided by filler extension 420 has reduced the influence of interfering by the distance that increases between the cable 120.In certain embodiments, filler 200 is biased, to be rotated independently along with cable 120 and to impel cable 120 to separate.The AXT that offset filler 200 helps to make the twisted wire pair 240 of particular cable 120 and twisted wire pair 240 by another cable 120 to produce is subsequently isolated.
For the example of other embodiment that cable 120 is described, Fig. 4 B-4C shows the various different embodiment of cable 120.Fig. 4 B show cable 120 according to second embodiment ' enlarged cross-sectional view.Cable 120 shown in Fig. 4 B ' comprise filler 200 ', three filler extensions 420 that it comprises three legs 415 and extends and cross the cross section of twisted wire pair 240 away from leg 415.Each leg 415 comprises reference point 425.Filler 200 ' can work according to discussed above and filler 200 relevant any ways includes the cable 120 that helps make adjacent layout ' separate each other.
Similarly, Fig. 4 C shows the cable 120 according to the 3rd embodiment " enlarged cross-sectional view; this cable 120 " comprises the filler 200 that has a plurality of legs 415 and a filler extension 420 ", and described filler extension is away from least one cross section that extends and cross in the twisted wire pair 240 in the leg 415.Described leg 415 comprises reference point 425.In other embodiments, the leg shown in Fig. 4 C 415 can be filler separating part 400.Filler 200 " can also be had an effect with any way that filler 200 can act on.
Fig. 5 B shows the filler 200 according to third embodiment of the invention " enlarged cross-sectional view.An extension in the leg 415 that shown in Fig. 5 B, filler 200 " can comprise the body portion 500 with a plurality of legs 415 " and extension 420, and this extension is away from body portion 500 " extending, and more particularly, away from body portion 500 ".Fig. 5 B shows and is arranged to and body portion 500 " four adjacent pair twist zygonemas are to 240 ".Extension 420 is with at least approximately preliminary dimension " extension away from body portion 500.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 B, filler 200 " comprise four legs 415, and twisted wire pair 240 is near leg 415.Body portion 500 " each leg 415 comprise reference point 425.
The structure of the cable 120 of embodiment can fully keep the integrality by the high-speed data signal of cable 120 transmission shown in Fig. 4 A-4D.Cable 120 has the performance that is produced by many features, includes but not limited to the following stated aspect.The first, the construction of cable helps to increase the distance between the twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 120, thereby has reduced the influence of AXT.The second, cable 120 can be constructed to increase the radiation source that tends to AXT most, the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay for example, the distance between the 240d.The 3rd, cable 120 can be constructed to by improving around the compatibility or the consistency of the dielectric property of the material of twisted wire pair 240, thereby helps to reduce the capacitive coupling between the twisted wire pair 240.The 4th, even when cable 120 is stranded, cable 120 can be constructed to physical attribute by the parts that keep cable 120 to be made along the impedance variation amount of its length and reaches minimum, thereby reduces signal attenuation.The 5th, cable 120 can be constructed to reduce the quantity of the situation of the parallel twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 120 longitudinally, makes the position that occurs influenced by AXT be reduced to minimum thus.To at length discuss these feature and advantage of cable 120 below.
E. distance maximization
In addition, cable 120 can be constructed to make the twisted wire pair 240b of their longer lay, and 240d farthest separates.As mentioned above, the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, the twisted wire pair 240a of 240d and shorter lay, 240c compares the easier AXT that is subjected to be influenced.Therefore, cable 120 can make the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, and 240d optionally is arranged to be close to the filler extension 420a of the maximum of each cable 120, so that the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, 240d further separates.This structure will be discussed further below.
1. cable twisting at random
Distance between the cable 120 of adjacent layout can reach maximum with different cable lay twistings by making adjacent cable 120.By with different ratio twistings, one peak portion does not align with the paddy portion of another cable 120 in the adjacent cable 120, thereby has prevented cable 120 nested aligning each other.Therefore, the different laies of adjacent cable 120 help to prevent or stop the nested of adjacent cable 120.For example, the adjacent cable shown in Fig. 1 120 has different laies.Therefore, number and the size that is formed at the air pocket 160 between the cable 120 is maximized.
Cable 120 can be constructed to help to guarantee that the sub-portion (or segmentation) of the cable 120 of placed adjacent does not have identical twisting rate along the length of sub-portion at any point place.For this reason, cable 120 can be stranded spirally along the predetermined length at least of this cable 120.The stranded cable that comprises of spiral centers on roughly reversing of longitudinal axis.The spiral of cable 120 is stranded can be changed on predetermined length, thereby makes the cable lay of cable 120 increase continuously on described predetermined length or reduce continuously.For example, cable 120 can be in that to sentence certain cable lay along first of this cable 120 stranded.Cable lay can be along the point of cable 120 along with along second of cable 120 close on and reduce (cable 120 is stranded more tightly) continuously.Along with the stranded change of cable 120 is tight, reduce along the distance between the spiral spine 180 of cable 120.Therefore, be arranged to when adjacent one another are when the cable 120 of predetermined length is divided into two sub-portions and described sub-portion, the sub-portion of cable 120 will have different cable laies.Because the spine 180 of cable 120 is with different ratio spirals, this has stoped sub-portion to nest together, thereby by making the distance between them maximize the AXT that has reduced between the sub-portion.In addition, the different twisting rates of sub-portion are by keeping the certain average distance between the sub-portion that AXT is minimized on the predetermined length.In certain embodiments, the average distance between each the most approaching reference point 425 of each sub-portion be at least the sub-portion on predetermined length specific filler extension 420 length (preliminary dimension) 1/2.
Because cable 120 is stranded spirally along predetermined length with rate of change at random, so filler 200, twisted wire pair 240 and/or sheath 260 can be correspondingly stranded.Therefore, filler 200, twisted wire pair 240 and/or sheath 260 can be by stranded for making their laies separately increase continuously on predetermined length at least or reducing continuously.In certain embodiments, sheath 260 is applied on filler 200 and the twisted wire pair 240 in the mode of compression fit, thereby makes applying of sheath 260 comprise the stranded of sheath 260, and it causes the filler 200 that closely holds stranded in the corresponding way.Therefore, the twisted wire pair 240 that is contained in the filler 200 is finally spiral relative to one another stranded.In fact, for example apply, make the lay randomization of twisted wire pair 240 or randomization have additional advantage or the air in the lead-in cable 120 are minimized by the stranded of sheath in case have been found that sheath 260.In contrast, other randomized trial has typically increased air content, and in fact it may increase undesirable crosstalking.G.2, the minimized importance of air content will discussed in the part.Yet in certain embodiments, filler 200 is independent of sheath 260, and the stranded twisted wire pair 240 that is contained in the filler of causing is spiral relative to one another stranded.
2. contact point
Fig. 6 A-6D shows the various viewgraph of cross-section according to the vertical adjacent and stranded spirally cable 120 of first embodiment of the invention.Fig. 6 A-6B shows the viewgraph of cross-section of cable 120 in the contact of different contact points 140 places.In these positions, filler extension 420 can be constructed to increase the distance between the twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 120, thereby the AXT at contact point 140 places is minimized.
In Fig. 6 A, the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 separates with distance (S1).Described distance (S1) approximates the twice of summation of the thickness of extension length (E1) and sheath 260 greatly.In cable 120 positions shown in Fig. 6 A, the filler extension 420a of cable 120 has increased the distance between the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 in the mode that doubles extension length (E1).The hithermost reference point 425 of the adjacent cable 120 shown in Fig. 6 A separates with distance S1 '.
In Fig. 6 A, adjacent cable 120 is so arranged, so that the twisted wire pair 240b of their longer laies separately, the twisted wire pair 240a of the shorter lay of 240d and cable 120,2400c compares more contiguous each other.Because the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, the twisted wire pair 240a of 240d and shorter lay, 240c compares and more is subject to the AXT influence, the bigger filler extension 420a of cable 120 is optionally arranged, so that the twisted wire pair 240b of the longer lay of cable 120 has the distance of increase between the 240d.Therefore, the twisted wire pair 240b of the longer lay of cable 120,240d further separates at contact point 140 places shown in Fig. 6 A, thereby has reduced the AXT between them.In other words, the twisted wire pair 240b that cable 120 can be constructed at longer lay provides maximum fractional dose between the 240d.Therefore, filler 200 can optionally receive and hold twisted wire pair 240.For example, the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, 240d can be arranged to the most close long filler extension 420a.These functions help to make effectively the twisted wire pair 240b of the longer lay of cable 120, and the AXT between the most serious AXT source between the 240d minimizes.
Fig. 6 B shows the viewgraph of cross-section of cable 120 along another contact point 140 of its length.In Fig. 6 B, the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 separates with distance (S2).Described distance (S2) approximates the twice of the thickness summation of extension length (E2) and sheath 260 greatly.In cable 120 positions shown in Fig. 6 B, the filler extension 420b of cable 120 has increased the distance between the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 in the mode that doubles extension length (E2).The hithermost reference point 425 of the adjacent cable 120 shown in Fig. 6 B separates with distance S2 '.
In Fig. 6 B, adjacent cable 120 is so arranged, so that the twisted wire pair 240a of their shorter laies separately, the twisted wire pair 240b of the longer lay of 240c and cable 120,240d compares more contiguous each other.The twisted wire pair 240a of the shorter lay of cable 120,240c sentence at least at the contact point 140 shown in Fig. 6 B that the length of filler extension 420b separates, thereby have reduced the AXT between them.Because the twisted wire pair 240a of shorter lay, the twisted wire pair 240a of 240c and longer lay, 240c compare and more are not subject to the AXT influence, and the less filler extension 420b of cable 120 is optionally arranged, with the twisted wire pair 240a of the shorter lay that separates cable 120,240c.As discussed above, the distance of increase more helps to reduce the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, the AXT between the 240d.Therefore, the bigger filler extension 420a of cable 120 be used in such position will longer lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d separates, wherein in these positions, the twisted wire pair 240b of longer lay, 240d is the most close between cable 120.
3. noncontact point
Fig. 6 C-6D shows cable 120 at the viewgraph of cross-section along the noncontact point place of their length.In these positions, cable 120 can be constructed to by forming the distance between the twisted wire pair 240 that air pocket 160 between the cable 120 increases adjacent cable, thereby the AXT at contact point 140 places is minimized.When adjacent cable 120 was independent and stranded spirally with different cable lay, filler extension 420 helped to form air pocket 160 by helping to prevent that cable 120 from nesting together.As discussed above, the influence of this spacing can maximize by the slight fluctuations of reversing along the longitudinal axis of cable 120.
Fig. 6 D shows adjacent cable 120 at the viewgraph of cross-section along another air pocket 160 places of its longitudinal length.With the position class shown in Fig. 6 C seemingly, the cable 120 of Fig. 6 D is separated by air pocket 160.Discuss as reference Fig. 6 C, the air pocket 160 shown in Fig. 6 D has realized separating the effect of the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120.Distance between the hithermost twisted wire pair 240 of the cable 120 of this position is by distance (S4) expression.In Fig. 6 D, the hithermost reference point 425 of adjacent cable 120 separates with distance S4 '.
Although Fig. 6 A-6D shows the specific embodiment of cable 120, other embodiment of cable 120 can be configured, so that the distance between the twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 240 increases.For example, various types of filler extension 420 structures can be used for increasing the distance between the adjacent cable 120.Filler 200 can comprise and is constructed to prevent the varying number that adjacent cable 120 is nested and the filler extension 420 and the filler separating part 400 of size.Filler 200 can include Any shape or the design that helps space between adjacent cable 120 and meet the industrial standard that is used for cable dimension or diameter simultaneously.
For example, Fig. 7 be according to second embodiment of the invention vertical adjacent cable 120 ' viewgraph of cross-section.Cable 120 shown in Fig. 7 ' can arrange according to the mode similar to the cable 120 shown in Fig. 6 A-6D.Each cable 120 ' comprise round filler 200 ', the sheath 260 of filler separating part 400, filler extension 420 and twisted wire pair 240.Cable 120 ' also the comprise spine 180 that forms by filler extension 420 along sheath 260.Because cable 120 ' between contact point 140 appear at cable 120 ' spine 180 places, the spine 180 of protrusion helps to increase the distance between the twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 120.
In Fig. 7, three on each cable 120 ' comprise is crossed the filler extension 420 that some the cross section in the twisted wire pair 240 extends.Filler extension 420 among Fig. 7 can be according to any way effect of above discussion, for example help to prevent stranded spirally adjacent cable 120 ' nested and increase cable 120 ' twisted wire pair 240 between distance.In Fig. 7, the cable 120 at contact point 140 places ' hithermost twisted wire pair 240 between distance by distance (S5) expression, its be about cable 120 ' the length of extension and the twice of the summation of the thickness of sheath 260.Adjacent cable 120 shown in Fig. 7 ' hithermost reference point 425 separate with distance S5 '.Cable 120 shown in Fig. 7 ' twisted wire pair 240 of different laies is arranged according to any way of above discussion.Therefore, the cable among Fig. 7 120 ' can be configured to AXT is minimized.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of utilizing the vertical adjacent cable 120 and filler 200 ' of the layout among Fig. 4 D.Cable 120 shown in Fig. 8 is separated with the above-mentioned any way of discussing with reference to Fig. 4 D by stranded spirally filler 200 '.
F. optionally distance maximization
The construction of cable of the present invention can be arranged 240 selectivity by the pair twist zygonema signal degradation is minimized.Referring again to Fig. 4 A, twisted wire pair 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d can be stranded independently according to different laies.In Fig. 4 A, twisted wire pair 240a has with the longer lay of twisted wire pair 240b and twisted wire pair 240d with twisted wire pair 240c and compares shorter lay.
As mentioned above because long lay twisted wire pair 240b, the lead 300 of 240d from parallel orientation with less relatively angle orientation, so the twisted wire pair 240 of the long lay of easier influence of crosstalking.On the other hand, the twisted wire pair 240a of shorter lay, 240c has bigger separation angle between their lead 300, and the therefore complete not parallel noise of crosstalking that is not vulnerable to.Therefore, twisted wire pair 240b and twisted wire pair 240d are more more responsive than twisted wire pair 240a and twisted wire pair 240c to crosstalking.Consider these characteristics, cable 120 can be constructed to by making their long lay twisted wire pair 240b, and the distance between the 240d maximizes and the reduction AXT.
The long lay line of adjacent cable 120 is to 240b, and 240d can separate by they being arranged as contiguous maximum filler extension 420a.For example, as shown in Fig. 4 A, the extension length (E1) of filler extension 420a is greater than the extension length (E2) of filler extension 420b.By making twisted wire pair 240b with longer lay, the filler extension 420a of the maximum of 240d adjacent cables 120, contact point 140 between the filler extension 420a of adjacent cable 120 will provide ultimate range at the twisted wire pair 240b of long lay between the 240d.In other words, the twisted wire pair 240 of longer lay is arranged to the filler extension 420a that compares more close maximum with the twisted wire pair 240 of shorter lay.Therefore, the long lay twisted wire pair 240b of cable 120,240d separates at contact point 140 places with maximum at least as far as possible effective extension length (E1).This structure and advantage thereof are further explained with reference to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 A-9D.
Fig. 9 A-9D shows the vertical adjacent cable 120 according to third embodiment of the invention " viewgraph of cross-section.The long lay twisted wire pair 240b of in Fig. 9 A-9D, stranded adjacent cable 120 " comprise long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d, it is constructed to make adjacent cable 120 ", the distance maximization between the 240d.Each cable 120 " comprises the twisted wire pair 240a with different laies, 240b, 240c, 240d.Long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d are arranged to the longest filler extension 420 of the most close each cable 120 " filler 200 ".This structure helps to make cable 120 " long lay twisted wire pair 240b, the AXT between the 240d minimizes.Fig. 9 A-9D shows stranded adjacent cable 120 " at the varying cross-section view at diverse location place of longitudinal extension length along them.
The long lay twisted wire pair 240b that Fig. 9 A is stranded adjacent cable 120 " the viewgraph of cross-section of an embodiment, described cable is constructed to make cable 120 ", 240d separates.As shown in Fig. 9 A, the filler extension 420 that cable 120 " is so arranged, so that each cable 120 " is orientation toward each other.Contact point 140 is formed at cable 120 at 180 places of the spine between the filler extension 420 " between.When cable 120 ' when being positioned the state shown in Fig. 9 A, long lay twisted wire pair 240b, what the distance between the 240d was served as reasons distance (E1) expression approximately crosses twisted wire pair 240b, length and each cable 120 of the filler extension 420 that the cross section of 240d extends " the summation of thickness of sheath 260.This summation is by distance (S6) expression.In Fig. 9 A, the hithermost reference point 425 of adjacent cable 120 separates with distance S6 '.Structure shown in Fig. 9 A helps according to the above-mentioned any way of discussing with reference to Fig. 6 A-6D AXT to be minimized.
Fig. 9 B shows stranded adjacent cable 120 " at another viewgraph of cross-section along the another position of its length." during rotation, filler extension 420 moves along with this rotation when cable 120.In Fig. 9 B, cable 120 " filler extension 420 be parallel and orientation upwards usually.Because filler extension 420 causes cable 120 between " skew, air pocket 160 is being formed at cable 120 on this orientation of filler extension 420 ".Structure shown in Fig. 9 B helps to reduce AXT according to the top any way of discussing with reference to Fig. 6 A-6D.For example, as discussed above, air pocket 160 is by making cable 120 " twisted wire pair 240 between distance maximization help to reduce AXT.The distance (S7) show cable 120 " hithermost twisted wire pair 240 between fractional dose.In Fig. 9 B, adjacent cable 120 " hithermost reference point 425 separate with distance S7 '.
Fig. 9 C shows the stranded adjacent cable 120 among Fig. 9 A " be positioned at along its length ' another viewgraph of cross-section at diverse location place.In this, cable 120 " filler extension 420 be oriented away from each other.The twisted wire pair 240b of long lay, 240d optionally is arranged as contiguous filler extension 420.Therefore, long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d are also directed separatedly.Each cable 120 " short lay twisted wire pair 240a, 240c is the most contiguous each other.Yet, as mentioned above, short lay twisted wire pair 240a, 240c is not as long lay twisted wire pair 240b, and 240d is to the sensitivity of crosstalking.Therefore, cable 120 shown in Fig. 9 C " orientation can damage the integrality of high speed signal acceptably along twisted wire pair 240 transmission along with high speed signal.Cable 120 " other embodiment comprise and be constructed to further separate short lay twisted wire pair 240a, the filler extension 420 of 240c.
In the position shown in Fig. 9 C, long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d is by cable 120 " parts separate naturally.Particularly, cable 120 " short lay twisted wire pair 240a, the zone of 240c helps to make long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d separates.Therefore, AXT is at cable 120 shown in Fig. 9 C " configuration place reduce.Cable 120 " long lay twisted wire pair 240b, the distance between the 240d by the distance (S8) expression.In Fig. 9 C, adjacent cable 120 " hithermost reference point 425 separate with distance S8 '.
Fig. 9 D shows stranded adjacent cable 120 " another viewgraph of cross-section in the another position of its length.In the position shown in Fig. 9 D, two cables 120 " filler extension 420 with identical horizontal direction orientation.Each cable 120 " long lay twisted wire pair 240b, 240d keeps separating with distance (S9), thereby makes long lay twisted wire pair 240b, the AXT influence between the 240d minimizes.In addition, comprise cable 120 " in one short lay twisted wire pair 240a, the long lay twisted wire pair 240b of the cable 120 of 240c " parts help to make cable 120 ", 240d separates.In Fig. 9 D, adjacent cable 120 " hithermost reference point 425 separate with distance S9 '.
G. capacitance field balance
Yet the material except insulator 320 affects the capacitance field of lead 300.Any material that is close to or is arranged in the capacitance field of lead 300 is integrated into the total capacitance of the insulated conductor 300 of twisted wire pair 240 with influence, and finally influences capacitive balance.As shown in Fig. 4 A, cable 120 may comprise the multiple material that is arranged in the position of the electric capacity that may influence each insulated conductor 300 that is arranged in twisted wire pair 240 respectively.This produces two different electric capacity, thereby produces unbalance.This is unbalance to have suppressed twisted wire pair 240 oneselfs and has eliminated the abilities of noise sources, and causes from the transmission line of the work sound level to 240 risings that give off.Air in insulator 320, filler 200, sheath 260 and the cable 120 all can influence the capacitive balance of twisted wire pair 240.Cable 120 can be constructed to include and help make the minimized material of any influence of unbalance, thereby keeps the integrality of high-speed data signal and reduce signal attenuation.
1. compatible dielectric substance
Owing to adopted the material with compatible dielectric constant, cable 120 can may minimize capacity unmbalance by being arranged in twisted wire pair 240 material with differing dielectric constant, the particularly formed deviation of the result than the strong capacitive field owing to the high-speed data signal generation on every side especially by eliminating.For example, specific twisted wire pair 240 comprises two leads 300.First lead can be arranged to contiguous sheath 260, and second conductor arrangement becomes contiguous filler 200.Therefore, the sheath 260 that comparatively is close to is compared with filler 200 far away and may be produced more capacitive effect to the capacitance field of first lead 300.Filler 200 may produce bigger deviation than 260 pairs second leads of sheath 300.Therefore, the peculiar deviation of lead 300 can not eliminated mutually, and the capacitance field of twisted wire pair 240 is unbalance.In addition, will undesirably increase the unbalance of twisted wire pair 240 than big-difference between the dielectric constant of sheath 260 and filler 200, thereby cause signal degradation.By making insulator 320, filler 200 and sheath 260 adopt the material with compatible dielectric constant, cable 120 can make deviation, be that capacity unmbalance minimizes.Therefore, the capacitance field quilt around the lead 300 is balance better, and causes along the improved noise removing effect of the length of each twisted wire pair in the cable 120.
In certain embodiments, sheath 260 can comprise inner sheath and the oversheath with different dielectric character.In certain embodiments, the dielectric constant of inner sheath, described filler 200 and described insulator 320 is all within an about dielectric constant (1) each other.In certain embodiments, the dielectric constant of oversheath is not within about dielectric constant of described insulator 320.In certain embodiments, in the predetermined size range that the center from lead 300 begins, do not have its dielectric constant to begin to change and surpass the material that approximately adds or deduct a dielectric constant from the dielectric constant of insulator 320.In certain embodiments, this preliminary dimension is the radius of about 0.025 inch (0.635mm).
2. air is minimized
Because the difference of the dielectric constant of air and insulator 320, filler 200 materials or sheath 260 is typically greater than 1.0, cable 120 can minimize the balance of the total capacitance field of impelling twisted wire pair 240 by making twisted wire pair 240 ambient air amounts.Air capacity can reduce by feasible enlarged areas or the maximization that is used for the filler 200 of cable 120.For example, discuss with reference to Fig. 4 A as top, the area of filler extension 420 and/or filler separating part 400 can increase.As shown in Fig. 4 A, the filler extension 420 of cable 120 is towards sheath 260 expansions, to increase the cross-sectional area of filler extension 420.
In addition, discuss with reference to Fig. 4 A as top, the filler 200 that comprises filler separating part 400 and filler extension 420 can comprise being configured as and adaptively holds the edge of twisted wire pair 240 (or applying), thereby the space of storage air in the cable 120 is minimized.In certain embodiments, the filler 200 that comprises filler extension 420 and filler separating part 400 comprises and is configured as the curved edge that holds twisted wire pair 240.In addition, discuss with reference to Fig. 4 A as top, filler extension 420 can comprise and is constructed to adaptedly the crooked outward flange nested with sheath 260, thereby when sheath 260 be close to or fit closely over filler extension 420 around the time, will shift out at the air between filler extension 420 and the sheath 260.
The minimizing such as the space of the cable 120 of the gas of air of optionally holding contiguous twisted wire pair 240 helps to make the material with diverse dielectric constant minimized.Therefore, the unbalance of the capacitance field of twisted wire pair 240 is minimized, and this is because be prevented from or decay at least towards the deviation of the material of unique arrangement.Total result is to be lowered from the noise effect that twisted wire pair 240 sends.In certain embodiments, the gas such as air can be remained in the transverse cross-sectional area of twisted wire pair 240 void area less than the cross-sectional area of twisted wire pair 240 or hold the scheduled volume in the zone of twisted wire pair 240.In certain embodiments, the gas flow in the space is less than the scheduled volume of the cross section of cable 120.In certain embodiments, on preset distance, the gas flow in the cable 120 is less than the scheduled volume of the volume of cable 120.In certain embodiments, this scheduled volume is 10%.
By the amount such as the corresponding gas of air in space and the cable 120 is restricted to less than scheduled volume, cable 120 has improved performance.Dielectric around the twisted wire pair 240 is more compatible.As discussed above, this helps to reduce the noise that is sent by twisted wire pair 240.Therefore, cable 120 transmitting high speed data signal more accurately.
Figure 10 shows the viewgraph of cross-section of example of the alternative embodiment of cable 120 .Cable 120 among Figure 10 show and more closely are assemblied in twisted wire pair 240 sheath 260 on every side.Cable 120 demonstrate sheath 260 and can be assemblied in around cable 120 by helping to allow to that the gas such as air is remained on the minimized multiple different structure in space in cable 120 .
H. impedance homogeneity
The minimizing of the air capacity of cable 120 inside also helps to minimize the integrality that keeps transmission signals by making along the impedance variation amount of the length of cable 120 as discussed above.Particularly, cable 120 can so be constructed, so that its parts almost fixed in sheath 260 is in place.Parts in the sheath 260 can reduce the air capacity of sheath 260 inside by any way according to above discussion and almost fixed.Particularly, almost fixed is in place relative to one another for twisted wire pair 240.In certain embodiments, sheath 260 is assemblied on the twisted wire pair 240 by this way, so that it is with twisted wire pair 240 fix in position.Although do not require, typically use compression fit.In other embodiments, can use other material such as adhesive.In other embodiments, filler 200 is constructed to help with twisted wire pair 240 almost fixed in place.In some preferred embodiments, the parts that comprise the cable 120 of twisted wire pair 240 are firmly fixed in place toward each other.
Owing to have fixing physical property, cable 120 can make impedance variation minimize.As discussed above, the physical property of twisted wire pair 240 or concern that any variation of aspect causes unnecessary impedance variation probably.Because cable 120 can comprise fixing physical property, cable 120 can be not being operated under cable 120 is introduced the situation of tangible impedance deviation, and is for example stranded spirally.Cable 120 can be stranded spirally after it is loaded onto sheath, and can not introduce dangerous impedance deviation, is included in during manufacturing, test and the installation steps.Therefore, the cable lay of cable 120 can change after it loads onto sheath.In certain embodiments, even when cable 120 is stranded spirally, the change of the physical distance between the twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 can not surpass scheduled volume.In certain embodiments, described preset distance is approximately 0.01 inch (0.254 millimeter).
The physical property of the almost fixed of cable 120 helps to reduce because the decay that signal reflex produces, and this is because in the less signal strength signal intensity of reflection on the arbitrfary point of the impedance variation of cable 120.Therefore, the structure of cable 120 reaches minimum and transmitting high speed data signal accurately and efficiently by making cable 120 along the change in physical of its length.
In addition, using the material with favourable and compatible dielectric property to help to make along the impedance variation of the length of cable 120 around lead 300 minimizes.Cable 120 will aggravate any existing capacity unmbalance of twisted wire pair 240 along any variation of the physical property aspect of its length.The use of compatible dielectric substance has reduced any capacitance deviation of twisted wire pair 240 inside.Therefore, any physical change will only strengthen minimized capacitance deviation.Thus, by using the compatible dielectric material that has near lead 300, the influence of any physical change in the cable 120 is by littleization.
I. cable lay restriction
For example, Figure 11 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view according to the adjacent cable 120-1 of third embodiment of the invention.Adjacent cable 120-1 shown in Figure 11 A comprises twisted wire pair 240a, 240b, and 240c, 240d, and each twisted wire pair 240 has initial predetermined pitch.Suppose that the cable 120-1 shown in Figure 11 A is all not stranded by total spiral, the lay of the twisted wire pair 240 of two cable 120-1 is identical.When cable 120-1 is arranged to when adjacent one another are, parallel crosspoint will be present in the corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120-1, for example between the twisted wire pair 240d of each cable 120-1.Parallel twisted wire pair 240 has undesirably aggravated the AXT influence between the cable 120-1, especially because cable 120-1 is subject to nested influence.
Yet the lay of each twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120-1 can be formed in along the position of any cross section of the predetermined length of cable 120-1 and differ from one another.By each cable 120-1 being applied different total twisting rates, cable 120-1 dissimilates, and the initial lay of their twisted wire pairs 240 separately changes synthetic lay into.
For example, Figure 11 B shows the enlarged cross-sectional view of cable 120-1 after they are stranded with different total twisting rates among Figure 11 A.One among the twisted wire pair 120-1 is known as cable 120-1 ' now, and another different twisted cable 120-1 is known as cable 120-1 now ".Cable 120-1 ' and cable 120-1 " with they different cable laies with they separately the different synthetic laies of twisted wire pair 240 distinguished.Cable 120-1 ' comprises twisted wire pair 240a ', 240b ', 240c ', 240d ' (being referred to as " twisted wire pair 240 ' "), their synthetic lay of this twisted wire pair 240 ' comprise.Cable 120-1 " the twisted wire pair 240a that comprises the synthetic lay of difference " with them, 240b ", 240c ", 240d " (be referred to as " twisted wire pair 240 " ").
The total stranded influence of cable 120-1 can Numerical examples mode further explain.In certain embodiments, can roughly obtain wherein initial twisted wire pair 240 laies of " l " expression, and " L " expression cable lay by following formula in the adjustment of the twisted wire pair 240 of inch, synthetic lay:
Suppose that among the cable 120-1 first comprises twisted wire pair 240a, the twisted wire pair 240b of predetermined pitch with 0.40 inch (10.16 millimeters) of predetermined pitch of (7.62 millimeters) that have 0.30 inch and the twisted wire pair 240d with the predetermined pitch of 0.60 inch (15.24 millimeters).If the first cable 120-1 is stranded to become cable 120-1 ' with 4.00 inches joint current lay, the change as described below of the predetermined pitch of twisted wire pair 240 is tight: the synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240a ' becomes about 0.279 inch (7.087 millimeters), the synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240c ' becomes about 0.364 inch (9.246 millimeters), the synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240b ' becomes about 0.444 inch (11.278 millimeters), and the synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240d ' becomes about 0.522 inch (13.259 millimeters).
1. Zui Xiao cable lay variable quantity
The adjacent cable 120 of cable 120-1 can be according to different laies at random or nonrandomly stranded shown in Figure 11 A, and the variable quantity between their laies can limit within the specific limits, so that make minimizing of each parallel twisted wire pair 240 between the cable 120.In the superincumbent example, wherein the first cable 120-1 is stranded with the lay of 4.00 inches (101.6 millimeters), to become cable 120-1 ', different total laies that the second adjacent cable 120-1 can change according to the minimum from least 4.00 inches (101.6mm) beginning are stranded, thereby make its twisted wire pair 240 " synthetic lay be unlikely to too near and become and the twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120-1 ' ' parallel.
For example, the second cable 120-1 shown in Figure 11 A is stranded with the lay of 3.00 inches (76.2 millimeters), to become cable 120-1 ".To be used for cable 120-1 " the lay of 3.00 inches (76.2 millimeters); cable 120-1 " the synthetic lay of twisted wire pair become following situation: twisted wire pair 240a " is 0.273 inch (6.934 millimeters); twisted wire pair 240c " is 0.353 inch (8.966 millimeters), twisted wire pair 240b " be 0.429 inch (10.897 millimeters), and twisted wire pair 240d " is 0.500 inch (12.7 millimeters).Adjacent cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " cable lay between variable quantity big more, cause cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " accordingly separately twisted wire pair 240 ', 240 " lay between difference big more.
Therefore, the adjacent cable 120-1 shown in Figure 11 A should be stranded with distinctive lay, and this lay is unlikely to too similar at the average cable lay each other on preset distance (such as 10 meters cables, 120 sections) at least.Owing to have the cable lay that changes with minimum change at least, corresponding twisted wire pair 240 is constructed to not parallel or does not become parallel within the specific limits.Therefore, because corresponding twisted wire pair 240 has different synthetic laies, and corresponding twisted wire pair 240 remains too near to reach the parallel laid position, and the AXT between the cable 120 is minimized.In certain embodiments, the cable lay of adjacent cable 120 changes in the mode that is not less than scheduled volume each other.In certain embodiments, adjacent cable 120 has independent cable lay, and its mode with the scheduled volume that is not less than average independent lay each other changes, and described average independent lay calculates along the preset distance at least of longitudinal extension part roughly.In certain embodiments, this scheduled volume is for approximately adding or deduct 10%.In certain embodiments, this preset distance is approximately 10 meters.
2. Zui Da cable lay variable quantity
Cable 120-1 ' shown in Figure 11 B, 120-1 " adjacent cable 120 can be constructed to be no more than the peculiar cable lay that certain maximum variable quantity changes AXT is minimized by having.By to adjacent cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " lay between variable quantity limit; cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " the twisted wire pair separately 240 (for example, the twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120-1 ' ' and cable 120-1 " twisted wire pair 240 ") of non-correspondence be prevented from becoming almost parallel.In other words, the cable lay change limitation has prevented that the synthetic lay of cable 120-1 " twisted wire pair 240d " from becoming the twisted wire pair 240a with cable 120-1 ' ", 240b ", 240c " synthetic lay about equally.The lay limit can so be provided with so that each twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120-1 ' ' lay along cable 120-1 ', the twisted wire pair 240 of the 120-1 position of any cross section of longitudinal axis " be not more than cable 120-1 " " lay.
Therefore, maximum cable lay variation quantitative limitation has been prevented that independent twisted wire pair 240 laies of adjacent cable 120 from changing too greatly.If one in the adjacent cable 120 is compared too closely stranded with the twisting rate of another cable 120, the non-corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of adjacent cable 120 may become almost parallel subsequently, and it will undesirably aggravate the influence of the AXT between the adjacent cable 120.
In the example that provides in the above, wherein cable 120-1 ' comprises the joint current lay of 4.00 inches (101.6 millimeters), if stranded spirally with the cable lay of about 1.71 inches (43.434 millimeters), cable 120-1 is " with too closely stranded.Lay with 1.71 inches (43.434 millimeters), the synthetic lay of cable 120-1 " twisted wire pair 240 " becomes following situation: twisted wire pair 240a " be 0.255 inch (6.477 millimeters); twisted wire pair 240c " is 0.324 inch (8.230 millimeters), twisted wire pair 240b " be 0.287 inch (7.290 millimeters), and twisted wire pair 240d " is 0.444 inch (11.278 millimeters).Although cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " corresponding twisted wire pair 240 '; 240 " now than them at cable 120-1 " have bigger variable quantity with 3.00 inches (76.2 millimeters) when stranded on synthetic lay; but cable 120-1 '; 120-1 " some non-corresponding twisted wire pairs 240 ', 240 " almost parallel has become.This has increased cable 120-1 ', 120-1 " between AXT.Particularly, the synthetic lay of the twisted wire pair 240b ' of cable 120-1 ' is approximately equal to the synthetic lay of cable 120-1 " twisted wire pair 240d ".
Therefore, cable 120 should be stranded spirally, so that their twisting rates separately do not cause twisted wire pair 240 between the cable 120 almost parallel that becomes.Since parallel situation can be in described scope some some places apparent, this is particularly important when the joint current lay increases gradually in particular range or reduces.For example, cable 120 laies can be limited in not making the lay of their twisted wire pair 240 to surpass in the scope of certain synthetic lay boundary.The almost parallel because twisted cable 120 in certain cable lay scope only, the non-corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 can not become.Therefore, adjacent cable 120 can so dispose, so that the synthetic lay of a twisted wire pair 240 is not more than the lay of a synthetic twisted wire pair 240 of another cable 120.For example, have only the corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 should have identical lay.In certain embodiments, the twisted wire pair 240a with another adjacent cable 120 that will can not become of a twisted wire pair 240d in the adjacent cable 120,240b is parallel with 240c.
In certain embodiments, the maximum variable quantity boundary that is used for the cable lay of cable 120 is established according to the maximum variable quantity boundary of each twisted wire pair 240 that is used for cable 120.For example, suppose that first cable 120 comprises the twisted wire pair 240a with following lay, 240b, 240c, 240d: twisted wire pair 240a is 0.30 inch (7.62 millimeters), twisted wire pair 240c is 0.50 inch (12.7 millimeters), and twisted wire pair 240b is 0.70 inch (17.78 millimeters), and twisted wire pair 240d is 0.90 inch (22.86 millimeters).The twisting rate of first cable 120 can be by certain maximum variable quantity boundary restriction of the lay of the twisted wire pair 240 that is used for cable 120.
For example, in certain embodiments, the lay of first cable 120 should not can cause the lay of twisted wire pair 240d less than 0.81 inch (20.574 millimeters).The synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240b will can not become less than 0.61 inch (15.494 millimeters).The synthetic lay of twisted wire pair 240c will can not become less than 0.41 inch (10.414 millimeters).Be limited in the particular range by the lay with each twisted wire pair 240, the non-corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of the cable 120 of adjacent layout can not become almost parallel.Therefore, limited the influence of the AXT between the cable 120.
Therefore, cable 120 can be constructed to make cable lay in certain minimum value and maximum range.Particularly, each cable 120 should be stranded in the scope that is defined by minimum change and maximum variable quantity.The minimum change border helps to prevent corresponding twisted wire pair 240 almost parallels of cable 120.Maximum variable quantity border helps to prevent the non-corresponding twisted wire pair 240 of cable 120 almost parallel each other that becomes, thereby reduces the influence of the AXT between the cable 120.
3. any cable twisting
As discussed above, cable 120 can be at random or nonrandomly along predetermined length is stranded at least.This not only helps to make the interval maximization between the adjacent cable 120, and the cable 120 that helps to guarantee adjacent layout can not have twisted wire pair parallel to each other 240.At least, the cable lay of the variation of cable 120 helps to make the situation of parallel twisted wire pair 240 to reach minimum.Preferably, the cable lay of cable 120 is changing on the predetermined length at least, remains on simultaneously within the minimum and maximum cable lay variable quantity scope of above-mentioned discussion.
When cable 120 always when stranded stands, the twisting rate is applied on the twisted wire pair 240 equably at the arbitrary specified point place along predetermined length.Yet, because initial lay is the factor in the formula of above-mentioned discussion, from the initial lay of each twisted wire pair 240 to the variation of synthetic lay with slightly different.Fig. 1 shows with two stranded respectively adjacent cables 120 of different laies.
Figure 12 shows the variation diagram that is applied to according to the twisting rate on the cable 120 of an embodiment.Transverse axis is represented the cable 120 of a segment length, and it is divided into predetermined length.Vertical pivot is represented the stranded tightness of joint current 120.As shown in Figure 12, twisting rate (v), preferably increases on predetermined length continuously at the certain-length of cable 120.At the end of certain-length (1v), the twisting rate is got back to the twisting rate of pine rapidly, and goes up continuous the increase at next-door neighbour's predetermined length (2v) at least.This stranded pattern forms the coxcomb plot shown in Figure 12.By changing twisting rate as shown in Figure 12, all can be divided into part with same lay rate along any part (or section) of the cable 120 of predetermined length.
Cable lay should change on predetermined length at least.Preferably, this predetermined length is at least about the length of a fundamental wavelength of the signal that equals to transmit by cable 120.This has given to finish the length of enough fundamental wavelengths of whole circulation.The length of fundamental wavelength depends on the frequency of transmission signals.In some exemplary embodiments, the length of fundamental wavelength is approximately 3 meters.In addition, well-known, the situation of cycle characteristics is added, and if have circulatory problems, should be noted that multi-wavelength.Yet, by guaranteeing that circulatory problems can minimize even temporarily eliminate in some forms at random on the three-wavelength distance.In certain embodiments, need to check long wavelength, to guarantee randomness.
Therefore, in certain embodiments, predetermined length equals the length of an about fundamental wavelength at least, but is no more than the length of about three fundamental wavelengths of transmission signals.Therefore, in certain embodiments, this predetermined length is approximately 3 meters.In other embodiments, this predetermined length is approximately 10 meters.
J. performance measurement
In certain embodiments, cable 120 with near and surpass the throughput transmission data of 20 gigabit/sec.In certain embodiments, the shannon capacity of the cable 120 of 100 meters length is greater than about 20 gigabit/sec, and the performance of alleviating without any AXT when Digital Signal Processing.
For example, in one embodiment, cable group 100 is included in and is arranged as each other vertically seven adjacent cables 120 on about 100 meters length.Cable 120 is so arranged, so that a cable 120 of arranging placed in the middle is centered on by other six roots of sensation cable 120.In this structure, cable 120 with near and surpass the speed transmitting high speed data signal of 20 gigabit/sec.
VI. alternative embodiment
Above-mentioned be illustrated as exemplary and nonrestrictive.For a person skilled in the art, on the basis of reading above-mentioned explanation, many embodiment and application except the example that is provided are conspicuous.Scope of the present invention should not determine with reference to above-mentioned explanation, and the four corner of the equivalent that should give with reference to claims and this claim is determined.Can expect that further improvement will occur in the construction of cable, and the present invention will be bonded among this further embodiment.
Claims (42)
1. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
A plurality of twisted wire pairs, in the described twisted wire pair each has initial predetermined pitch, described twisted wire pair is spiral relative to one another stranded, thereby making described twisted wire pair when predetermined length be divided into two sub-portions and described sub-portion is arranged to when adjacent one another are, near described two sub-portions any point place, the hithermost twisted wire pair of each in the described sub-portion has different laies.
2. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described predetermined length is restricted to and approximates at least one fundamental wavelength that is transmitted signal greatly, but is no more than three fundamental wavelengths that are transmitted signal.
3. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described predetermined length is at least 3 meters.
4. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described twisted wire pair is by almost fixed is in place relative to one another.
5. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that a sheath is assemblied on the described twisted wire pair, and roughly with described twisted wire pair fix in position relative to one another.
6. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that a sheath is applied on the described twisted wire pair, and the twisting of wherein said sheath causes the respect to one another spiral stranded of described twisted wire pair.
7. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that a filler is arranged along described twisted wire pair.
8. cable system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the twisting of described filler causes the respect to one another spiral stranded of described twisted wire pair.
9. cable system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the lay of each in the described twisted wire pair increases continuously or reduces continuously along described predetermined length.
10. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
A plurality of twisted wire pairs, described twisted wire pair is spiral relative to one another stranded along predetermined length, and the lay of each in the wherein said twisted wire pair increases continuously or reduces continuously along described predetermined length.
11. cable system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, the described lay of each in the described twisted wire pair is being sentenced roughly the same rate of change along the every bit of described predetermined length.
12. cable system as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described ratio is the described spiral stranded twist deltas that applies by described twisted wire pair.
13. cable system as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, also comprise the filler of arranging along described twisted wire pair, described filler is spiral stranded along described predetermined length, and the filler lay of wherein said filler increases continuously or reduces continuously along described predetermined length.
14. cable system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described predetermined length is at least a fundamental wavelength that is transmitted signal.
15. cable system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described twisted wire pair is by almost fixed is in place relative to one another.
16. cable system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, a sheath is assemblied on the described twisted wire pair, and with described twisted wire pair fix in position relative to one another.
17. cable system as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, air occupies 10% space less than the volume in the described sheath on described predetermined length.
18. cable system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, a sheath is applied on the described twisted wire pair, and the twisting of wherein said sheath causes the respect to one another spiral stranded of described twisted wire pair.
19. cable system as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, when being divided into two sub-portions and described sub-portion, the twisted wire pair of described predetermined length is arranged to when adjacent one another are, near described two sub-portions any point place, the hithermost twisted wire pair of each in the described sub-portion has different laies.
20. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
A plurality of twisted wire pairs, each in the described twisted wire pair has a lay; And
Be applied to the sheath on the described twisted wire pair, the twisting of wherein said sheath causes the respect to one another spiral stranded of described twisted wire pair.
21. cable system as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the described lay of each in the described twisted wire pair is sentenced roughly the same rate of change along the predetermined length of described twisted wire pair at every bit.
22. cable system as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, the twist deltas that described ratio applies for the described twisting by described sheath.
23. cable system as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the described lay of each in the described twisted wire pair increases continuously or reduces continuously along predetermined length.
24. cable system as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, also comprises the filler of arranging along described twisted wire pair, described filler is along the spiral twisting of described twisted wire pair.
25. cable system as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, described sheath applying roughly with described twisted wire pair fix in position on described twisted wire pair.
26. cable system as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, near the air capacity of described sheath applying on the described twisted wire pair makes described twisted wire pair minimizes.
27. cable system as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, when being divided into two sub-portions and described sub-portion, the described twisted wire pair of predetermined length is arranged to when adjacent one another are, near described two sub-portions any point place, the hithermost twisted wire pair of each in the described sub-portion has different laies.
28. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
Twisted wire pair; And
Filler, it comprises body portion, this body portion has radially the leg that extends and at least one the extension in the described leg, the contiguous described body portion of described twisted wire pair arranges, and described extension extends away from described body portion with about 1/4 length of the diameter that is at least described twisted wire pair.
29. cable system as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, described body portion has the radially development length of the diameter that is substantially equal to described twisted wire pair.
30. cable system as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, described filler is by spiral twisting, thereby makes the spiral twisting of described filler apply the twisting rate to described twisted wire pair.
31. cable system as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that, described twisted wire pair and described filler are by spiral twisting relative to one another, thereby making described twisted wire pair when predetermined length be divided into two sub-portions and described two sub-portions is arranged to when adjacent one another are, near described two sub-portions any point place, the hithermost twisted wire pair of each in the described sub-portion has different laies.
32. cable system as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, described filler is by spiral twisting, thereby makes the lay of described twisted wire pair increase continuously or reduce continuously along predetermined length.
33. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
Filler, it comprises and has the body portion that radially extends leg, each in the described leg has the length of the diameter that is substantially equal to the twisted wire pair that optionally contiguous described filler arranges at least;
The extension of at least one in the described leg, described extension extends radially outwardly with preliminary dimension from described leg;
Be restricted to the reference point of about 1/2 described leg of described diameter; And
Wherein said filler is by spiral twisting, is arranged to when adjacent one another are thereby make described filler when predetermined length be divided into two sub-portions and described two sub-portions, and the average distance between the hithermost reference point is at least 1/2 of described preliminary dimension.
34. cable system as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described filler is by spiral twisting, thereby makes each the lay in the described adjacent twisted wire pair increase continuously or reduce continuously along described predetermined length.
35. cable system as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, the described spiral twisting of described filler applies the twisting rate to described adjacent twisted wire pair, and each the lay in the described adjacent twisted wire pair changes with described twisting rate.
36. cable system as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described spiral the kinking of described filler stops the nested of described two adjacent sub-portions.
37. cable system as claimed in claim 36, it is characterized in that, described cable system comprises two cables of arranging adjacent to each other and having contact point, and the described spiral twisting of described filler causes air gap between described two cables to be at least at least one 0.1 times of diameter in the described cable.
38. cable system as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described extension is expanded towards the sheath that covers described filler, thereby makes the air capacity in the described sheath minimize.
39. cable system as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described sheath and described filler are roughly with described adjacent twisted wire pair fix in position.
40. one kind makes the minimized cable system of AXT, comprising:
A plurality of twisted wire pairs, each in the described twisted wire pair has initial predetermined pitch; And
Along the filler that described twisted wire pair is arranged, described filler comprises and has the body portion that radially extends leg, and each in the described leg has the length that is substantially equal to one diameter in the described twisted wire pair that optionally contiguous described filler arranges at least;
The extension of at least one in the described leg, described extension extends radially outwardly with preliminary dimension from described leg;
Be restricted to the reference point of about 1/2 described leg of described diameter;
Wherein said twisted wire pair is spiral relative to one another stranded with continuous increase or total lay of reducing continuously on predetermined length, thereby making twisted wire pair when described predetermined length be divided into two sub-portions and described two sub-portions is arranged to when adjacent one another are, average distance between the hithermost reference point is at least 1/2 of described preliminary dimension, and near any some place described two sub-portions, the hithermost twisted wire pair of each in described two sub-portions has different laies.
41. cable system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, a sheath is applied on the described twisted wire pair, and the twisting of wherein said sheath causes the respect to one another spiral stranded of described twisted wire pair.
42. cable system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described preliminary dimension is at least 1/4 of one diameter in the described twisted wire pair.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51600703P | 2003-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | |
| US60/516,007 | 2003-10-31 | ||
| US10/746,757 | 2003-12-26 | ||
| US10/746,757 US7115815B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2003-12-26 | Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstalk |
| PCT/US2004/034034 WO2005045854A1 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-10-14 | Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstald |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101002289A true CN101002289A (en) | 2007-07-18 |
| CN101002289B CN101002289B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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| CN2004800393999A Expired - Fee Related CN1902717B (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-10-14 | Offset filler, and Cable and cable set including the offset filler |
| CN2004800393448A Expired - Fee Related CN101002289B (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-10-14 | Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstalk |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2004800393999A Expired - Fee Related CN1902717B (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-10-14 | Offset filler, and Cable and cable set including the offset filler |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN1902717B (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200604343B (en) |
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| CN105900187A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-08-24 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | Cable arrangement |
| CN108885925A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-11-23 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | It is used for transmission the cable of electric signal |
| CN113302706A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-08-24 | Ls电线有限公司 | Ethernet cable |
| US11694823B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2023-07-04 | Ls Cable & System Ltd. | Ethernet cable |
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| CN102855974B (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2017-04-26 | 高位企业有限公司 | Transmission unit structure capable of reducing crosstalk signals |
| US9842672B2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2017-12-12 | Nexans | LAN cable with PVC cross-filler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE68264C (en) * | TELEPHON-APPARAT-FABRIK Fr. Welles in Berlin s.o., Engel-Ufer 1 | Telephone cable, the cores of which are stranded with a periodically changing pitch | ||
| US6222130B1 (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 2001-04-24 | Belden Wire & Cable Company | High performance data cable |
| US5789711A (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1998-08-04 | Belden Wire & Cable Company | High-performance data cable |
| US6248954B1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2001-06-19 | Cable Design Technologies, Inc. | Multi-pair data cable with configurable core filling and pair separation |
| US6153826A (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-28 | Prestolite Wire Corporation | Optimizing lan cable performance |
| US6506976B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2003-01-14 | Avaya Technology Corp. | Electrical cable apparatus and method for making |
| US6297454B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-10-02 | Belden Wire & Cable Company | Cable separator spline |
| US6787694B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2004-09-07 | Cable Design Technologies, Inc. | Twisted pair cable with dual layer insulation having improved transmission characteristics |
| FR2818000B1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2006-01-06 | Sagem | HIGH FREQUENCY TELECOMMUNICATION CABLE WITH CONDUCTIVE WIRE GROUPS |
| CN2484621Y (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2002-04-03 | 陆根生 | Data cable with central skeleton |
| US6770819B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2004-08-03 | Commscope, Properties Llc | Communications cables with oppositely twinned and bunched insulated conductors |
-
2004
- 2004-10-14 CN CN2004800393999A patent/CN1902717B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-14 CN CN2004800393448A patent/CN101002289B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-29 ZA ZA200604343A patent/ZA200604343B/en unknown
- 2006-05-29 ZA ZA200604342A patent/ZA200604342B/en unknown
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105900187A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-08-24 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | Cable arrangement |
| CN105900187B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2017-11-28 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | Cable configurations |
| CN108885925A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-11-23 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | It is used for transmission the cable of electric signal |
| CN108885925B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-11-19 | 罗森伯格高频技术有限及两合公司 | It is used for transmission the cable of electric signal |
| CN113302706A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-08-24 | Ls电线有限公司 | Ethernet cable |
| CN113302706B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2022-07-22 | Ls电线有限公司 | Ethernet cable |
| US11694823B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2023-07-04 | Ls Cable & System Ltd. | Ethernet cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200604342B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| CN101002289B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| CN1902717A (en) | 2007-01-24 |
| CN1902717B (en) | 2010-05-12 |
| ZA200604343B (en) | 2007-11-28 |
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