MXPA06004748A - Cable utilizing varying lay length mechanisms to minimize alien crosstald - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to cables made of twisted conductor pairs. More specifically, the present invention relates to twisted pair communication cables for high-speed data communications applications. A twisted pair including at least two conductors extends along a generally longitudinal axis, with an insulation surrounding each of the conductors. The conductors are twisted generally longitudinally along the axis. A cable includes at least two twisted pairs and a filler. At least two of the cables are positioned along generally parallel axes for at least a predefined distance. The cables are configured to efficiently and accurately propagate high-speed data signals by, among other'functions, limiting at least a subset of the following:impedance deviations, signal attenuation, and alien crosstalk along the predefined distance.

Description

CABLE THAT USES VARIABLE WIRING LENGTH MECHANISMS TO MINIMIZE THE CROSSING OF STRANGE SIGNALS RELATED REQUESTS The present application for utility claims the priority of the provisional application entitled "CABLE WITH DISPLACED FILLING" (Series Number 60 / 516,007) that was presented on October 31, 2003, the content of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference . The present application refers to an application entitled "CABLE WITH FILLED DEPOSIT" filed on the same date as the present application. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to cables made of twisted double conductors. More specifically, the present invention relates to twisted double lead wires for applications in high-speed data communications. With the widespread and growing use of computers in communications applications, the resulting data traffic volumes have accentuated the need for communication networks to transmit data at higher speeds. In addition, advances in technology have contributed to the design and deployment of high-speed communications devices capable of communicating data at speeds greater than the speeds at which conventional data cables can propagate data. Consequently, typical communications network data cables, such as local area network (LAN) communities, limit the speed of data flow between communication devices. In order to propagate the data between communication devices, many communication networks use conventional cables that include twisted double conductors (also referred to as "double twisted conductors" or "double conductors"). A typical double twisted conductor includes two insulated conductors twisted together along a longitudinal axis. Double stranded wire cables must meet specific operating standards in order to efficiently and accurately transmit data between communication devices. If the cables do not meet these standards at least, the integrity of their signals is exposed. Industrial standards regulate the physical dimensions, performance and safety of cables. For example, in the United States, the Electronic Industries Association / Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA / TIA) provides standards regarding the performance specifications of data cables. Several foreign countries have also adopted these or similar standards. In accordance with the adopted standards, the operation of the twisted double conductor cables is evaluated using various parameters, including dimensional properties, interoperability, impedance, attenuation, and crosstalk. The standards require that the cables operate with certain parameter limits. For example, a maximum external average cable diameter of .250"is specified for many types of double stranded wire. The standards also require that the cables operate within certain electrical limits. The range of parameter limits varies depending on the attributes of the signal that will propagate over the cable. In general, as the speed of the data signal increases, the signal becomes more sensitive to undesirable influences of the cable, such as the effects of impedance, attenuation and crosstalk. Consequently, high-speed signals require better cable performance in order to maintain adequate signal integrity. An exposure of impedance, attenuation and crosstalk will help illustrate the limitations of conventional cables. The first listed parameter, impedance, is a unit of measurement, expressed in Ohms, of the total opposition offered to the flow of an electrical signal. The resistance, capacitance and inductance, each contribute to the impedance of twisted double conductors of a cable. Theoretically, the impedance of the twisted do conductor is directly proportional to the inductance of the conductive effects and inversely proportional to the capacitance of the insulating effects. Impedance is also defined as the best "path" for data to travel. For example, if a signal is transmitted at an impedance of 100 Ohms, it is important that the wiring on which it propagates also has an impedance of 100 Ohms. Any deviation of this impedance equalization at any point along the cable will result in the reflection of part of the signal transmitted back to the cable transmission end, thereby degrading the transmitted signal. This degradation due to signal reflection is known as return loss. Impedance deviations occur for many reasons. For example, the impedance of the twisted do conductor is influenced by the physical and electrical attributes of the twisted do conductor, including: the dielectric properties of materials near each conductor; the diameter of the conductor; the diameter of the insulation material around the conductor; the distance between the drivers; the relationships between twisted double conductors; the wiring lengths of twisted double conductors (the distance to complete a torsion cycle); the total cable length of the cable; and the tightness of the jacket surrounding the twisted double conductors. Because the above-listed attributes of the twisted double conductor can easily vary over its length, the impedance of the twisted double conductor can deviate over the length of the torque. At any point where there is a change in the physical attributes of the twisted double conductor, a deviation in the impedance occurs. For example, an impedance deviation will result from a simple increase in the distance between the conductors of the twisted double conductor. At the point of increased distance between the twisted double conductors, the impedance will increase because it is known that the impedance is directly proportional to the distance between the conductors of the twisted double conductor. Greater variations in impedance will result in worse degradation of the signal. Consequently, the variation of permissible impedance over the length of a cable is typically standardized. In particular, the EIA / TIA standards for cable performance require that the impedance of a cable vary only within a limited range of values. Typically, these ranges have allowed substantial variations in impedance because the integrity of traditional data signals has remained above these ranges. However, the same ranges of impedance variations expose the integrity of the signals at high speed because the undesirable effects of the impedance variations are accentuated when transmitting signals at high speed. As a result, accurate and efficient high-speed signal transmissions, such as signals with aggregate speeds approaching and exceeding 10 gigabits per second, benefit from stricter control of impedance variations over the length of a cable. In particular, post-manufacturing handling of a cable, such as cable twisting, should not introduce significant impedance inequalities in the cable. The second listed parameter useful for evaluating cable performance is attenuation. Attenuation represents a loss of signal as an electrical signal propagates along the length of a conductor. A signal, if dimmed, becomes unrecognizable to a receiving device. To ensure that this does not happen, the standards committees have established limits on the amount of acceptable loss. The attenuation of a signal depends on several factors, including: the dielectric constants of the materials surrounding the conductor; the impedance of the driver; the frequency of the signal; the length of the driver; and the diameter of the conductor. In order to help ensure acceptable levels of attenuation, the adopted standards regulate some of these factors. For example, the EIA / TIA standards regulate the permissible conductor sizes for twisted double conductors. The materials surrounding the conductors affect signal attenuation because materials with better dielectric properties (e.g., lower dielectric constants) tend to minimize signal loss). Consequently, many conventional cables use materials such as polyethylene and fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) to isolate the conductors. These materials commonly provide less dielectric loss than other materials with higher dielectric constants, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition, some conventional cables have sought to reduce signal loss by maximizing the amount of air surrounding twisted double conductors. Due to its low dielectric constant (1.0), air is a good insulator against signal attenuation. The material of the jacket also affects the attenuation, especially when a cable does not contain internal protection. Typical jacket materials used with conventional cables tend to have higher dielectric constants, which may contribute to greater signal loss. Consequently, many conventional cables use a "loose tube" construction that helps to distance the jacket from unprotected twisted double conductors. The third listed parameter that affects cable performance is crosstalk. Crosstalk represents the degradation of the signal due to capacitive and inductive splicing between twisted double conductors. Each active twisted double conductor naturally produces electromagnetic fields (collectively "fields" or "interference fields") around its conductors. These fields are also known as electrical noise or interference because the fields can undesirably affect the signals that are transmitted along other nearby conductors. The fields typically emanate out from the source conductor over a finite distance. The intensities of the fields dissipate while increasing the distances of the fields from the source conductor. The interference fields produce a number of different types of crosstalk. Near-end (NEXT) is a measurement of the signal junction between double conductors twisted in positions near the transmitting end of the cable. At the other end of the cable, the telephony (FEXT) is a measurement of the signal junction between the twisted double conductors in a position near the receiving end of the cable. Power summing crosstalk represents a measurement of the signal splice between all sources of electrical noise within a cable entity that can potentially affect a signal, including multiple active twisted double conductors. External crosstalk refers to a measurement of the signal splice between twisted double conductors of different cables. In other words, a signal in a particular twisted double conductor of a first cable can be affected by the external crosstalk of the twisted double conductors of a second proximal cable. The crosstalk of sum of external power (APSNEXT) represents a measurement of the signal splice between all sources of noise outside a cable that can potentially affect a signal. The physical characteristics of the twisted double conductors of a cable and their relationships help determine the cable's ability to control the effects of crosstalk. More specifically, there are several factors known to influence crosstalk, including: the distance between twisted double conductors; the wiring lengths of twisted double conductors; the types of materials used; the consistency of the materials used; and the placement of twisted double conductors with dissimilar wiring lengths in relation to each other. With respect to the distance between the double twisted conductors of the cable, it is known that the crosstalk effects within the cable decrease when the distance between the twisted double conductors increases. Based on this knowledge, some conventional cables have sought to maximize the distance between the twisted double conductors of each particular cable. With respect to the wiring lengths of twisted double conductors, it is generally known that twisted double conductors with similar wiring lengths (i.e., double twisted parallel conductors) are more susceptible to crosstalk than non-parallel twisted double conductors. This increase in susceptibility to crosstalk exists because the interference fields produced by a first twisted double conductor are oriented in directions that easily influence other twisted double conductors that are parallel to the first twisted double conductor. Based on this knowledge, many conventional cables have sought to reduce intra-cable crosstalk using non-parallel twisted double conductors or by varying the wiring lengths of individual twisted double conductors over their lengths. It is also generally known that double twisted conductors with long wiring lengths (loose torsional ratios) are more prone to crosstalk effects than double twisted conductors with short wiring lengths. Twisted double conductors with shorter wiring lengths guide their conductors at angles farther from the parallel orientation than long twisted conductors of long wiring length. The increase in angular distance from a parallel orientation reduces the effects of crosstalk between twisted double conductors. In addition, twisted double conductors with longer wiring lengths cause the occurrence of more fitting between the double conductors, creating a situation where the distance between the double conductors is reduced. This further degrades the ability of double conductors to resist noise migration. Consequently, double stranded conductors of long wiring length are more susceptible to the effects of crosstalk, including external crosstalk, than double twisted conductors of short wiring length. Based on this knowledge, some conventional cables have sought to reduce the effects of crosstalk between the twisted double conductors of long wiring length, by placing the long conductors of longer wiring lengths farther inside the cable jacket. For example, in a double 4-conductor cable, the two twisted double conductors with longer wiring lengths would be placed farther (diagonally) from each other in order to maximize the distance between them. With the previous cable parameters in mind, many conventional cables have been designed controlling some of the factors known to influence these operating parameters. Accordingly, conventional cables have achieved adequate levels of operation only for the transmission of traditional data signals. However, with the development of emerging high-speed communications systems and devices, the disadvantages of conventional cables quickly become apparent. Conventional cables are unable to accurately and efficiently propagate the high-speed data signals that can be used in emerging communications devices. As mentioned above, high-speed signals are more susceptible to signal degradation due to attenuation, impedance inequalities, and crosstalk, including external crosstalk. In addition, high-speed signals naturally worsen the effects of crosstalk, producing stronger interference fields on signal conductors. Due to the intensified interference fields generated at high data rates, the effects of external crosstalk have become significant for the transmission of high speed data signals. Although conventional cables could tolerate the effects of external crosstalk when transmitting traditional data signals, the techniques used to control crosstalk within conventional cables do not provide adequate levels of insulation to protect the external crosstalk from cable to cable between the dual conductors of high speed signals. further, some conventional cables have used designs that actually work to increase the exposure of their twisted double conductors to external crosstalk. For example, typical star filler cables often maintain the same cable diameter by reducing the thickness of their liners and actually pushing their twisted double conductors closer to the jacket surface, thereby worsening the effects of external crosstalk by bringing together the double twisted conductors of the conventional cables nearby more closely. The effects of power addition crosstalk are also increased at higher data transmission ratios. Traditional signals such as 10 megabits per second and Ethernet signals of 100 megabits per second typically use only twisted double conductors for propagation over conventional cables. However, higher speed signals require increased bandwidth. Accordingly, high-speed signals, such as 1 gigabit per second and Ethernet signals of 10 gigabits per second, are commonly transmitted in full duplex mode (2-way transmission over a twisted double lead) over more than two double conductors twisted, thus increasing the number of sources of crosstalk. Consequently, conventional cables are not able to overcome the increased effects of power summing crosstalk that are produced by high-speed signals. Of greater importance, conventional cables can not overcome the increases in crosstalk from cable to cable (external crosstalk), whose crosstalk increases substantially because all twisted double conductors of adjacent cables are potentially active. Similarly, other conventional techniques are not effective when applied to high-speed communications signals. For example, as mentioned above, some traditional data signals typically need only two twisted double conductors for effective transmissions. In this situation, the communications systems can commonly predict the interference that a twisted double conductor signal will infer in the other twisted double conductor signal. However, by using more twisted double conductors for transmissions, complex high-speed data signals generate more sources of noise, whose effects are less predictable. As a result, the conventional methods used to cancel the predictable effects of noise are no longer effective. With regard to external crosstalk, the prediction methods are especially inefficient because signals from other cables are not commonly known or unpredictable. In addition, trying to predict signals and their splicing effects on adjacent cables is impractical and difficult. The increased crosstalk effects due to high-speed signals pose serious problems to the integrity of the signals as they propagate along conventional cables. Specifically, high-speed signals will be unacceptably attenuated and otherwise degraded by the effects of external crosstalk because conventional cables are traditionally focused on intra-cable crosstalk control and are not designed to adequately combat the effects of external crosstalk produced by high-speed signal transmissions. Conventional cables have used traditional techniques to reduce intra-cable crosstalk between twisted double conductors. However, conventional cables have not applied these techniques to external crosstalk between adjacent cables. Conventional cables have been able to meet specifications for slower traditional data signals without having to worry about controlling external crosstalk. Furthermore, suppressing external crosstalk is more difficult than controlling intra-cable crosstalk because, unlike intra-cable crosstalk from known sources, external crosstalk can not be accurately measured or predicted. External crosstalk is difficult to measure because it typically comes from unknown sources at unpredictable intervals. As a result, conventional wiring techniques to control external crosstalk have not been used successfully. In addition, many traditional techniques can not be easily used to control external crosstalk. For example, digital signal processing has been used to cancel or compensate for the effects of intra-cable crosstalk. However, because external crosstalk is difficult to measure or predict, known digital signal processing techniques can not be applied effectively in cost. Therefore, there is an inability in conventional cables to control external crosstalk. Briefly, conventional cables can not effectively and accurately transmit data signals at high speed. Specifically, conventional cables do not provide adequate levels of protection and isolation of impedance, attenuation, and crosstalk inequalities. For example, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) estimates that in order to effectively transmit signals from 10 gigabit to 100 megahertz (MHz), a cable must provide at least 60 dB of insulation against sources of noise outside the cable, such as adjacent cables. However, conventional twisted double lead wires typically provide insulation shorter than the 60 dB needed in a 100 MHz frequency signal, commonly about 32 dB. The cables radiate approximately nine times as much noise as specified for 10 gigabit transmissions on a 100 meter wiring medium. Consequently, conventional twisted double stranded cables can not transmit communication signals at speed with precision or efficiency. Although other types of cables have achieved up to 60 dB of 100 MHz isolation, these types of cables have disadvantages that make their use undesirable in many communication systems, such as LAN communities. A protected twisted double stranded cable or fiber optic cable can achieve adequate levels of isolation for high speed signals, but these types of cable cost considerably more than unprotected twisted double conductors. Unprotected systems typically enjoy significant cost savings, the savings of which increase the desirability of unprotected systems as a means of transmission. In addition, unprotected twisted double stranded cables are already well established in a substantial number of existing communication systems. It is desirable that unprotected twisted double stranded cables communicate high speed communication signals efficiently and accurately. Specifically, it is desirable that unprotected twisted double stranded cables achieve adequate operating parameters to maintain the integrity of the high speed data signals during efficient transmission over the cables. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to cables formed of twisted double conductors. More specifically, the present invention relates to double twisted-wire communication cables for applications in high-speed data communications. A twisted double conductor including at least two conductors extends along a generally longitudinal axis, with an insulation surrounding each of the conductors. The conductors are generally twisted longitudinally along the axis. A cable includes at least two twisted double conductors and a filling. At least two of the cables are placed along generally parallel axes by at least one predefined distance. The cables are configured to efficiently and accurately propagate high-speed data signals through, among other functions, the limitation of at least a subset of the following: impedance deviations, signal attenuation and external crosstalk along the predefined distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Certain embodiments of the present cables will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a wired group including two cables placed longitudinally adjacent each . Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a mode of a cable, with a separate section exposed. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a twisted double conductor. Figure 4A shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable according to a first embodiment of the invention. Figure 4B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable according to a second embodiment. Figure 4C shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable according to a third embodiment. Figure 4D shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable and a filler according to the embodiment of Figure 4A in combination with a second filler. Figure 5A shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a filling according to the first embodiment of the invention. Figure 5B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a filling according to the third embodiment. Figure 6A shows a cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables touching at a contact point according to the first embodiment of the invention. Figure 6B shows a cross-sectional view of the adjacent wires of Figure 6A at a different point of contact. Figure 6C shows a cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables of Figure 6A separated by an air bag. Figure 6D shows a cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables of Figure 6A separated by another air bag. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the longitudinally adjacent cables according to the first alternative embodiment. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the longitudinally adjacent cables and the fillings using the arrangement of Figure 4D. Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the twisted adjacent cables configured to distance the twisted long conductors of long wiring length of the cables. Figure 9B is another cross-sectional view of the twisted adjacent wires of Figure 9A at a different position along their longitudinally extended sections. Figure 9C is another cross-sectional view of the twisted adjacent cables of Figures 9A-9B at a different position along their longitudinally extended sections. Figure 9D is another cross-sectional view of the twisted adjacent cables of Figures 9A-9C at a different position along their longitudinally extended sections. Figure 10 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable according to an additional embodiment. Figure HA shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables according to the third embodiment of the invention. Figure 11B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the adjacent wires of Figure HA with a helical twist applied to each of the adjacent wires. Figure 12 shows a diagram of a variation of the torsion ratio applied over a cable length 120 according to one modality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTS AND DEFINITIONS The present invention relates generally to cables configured to accurately and efficiently propagate high-speed data signals, such as data signals that reach and exceed data rates of 10 gigabits per second. second. Specifically, the cables can be configured to efficiently propagate the high-speed data signals while maintaining the integrity of the data signals. A. Wired Group View Now, with reference to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a wired group, generally shown at 100, which includes two cables 120 generally positioned along parallel axes, or longitudinally adjacent to each other. yes. The cables 120 are configured to create contact points 140 and air pockets 160 between the cables 120. As shown in Figure 1, the cables 120 can be braided independently around their own longitudinal axes. The cables 120 can rotate at different torsional ratios. In addition, the torsional ratio of each cable 120 may vary over the longitudinal length of the cable 120. As mentioned above, the torsional relationship can be measured by the distance of a complete torsion cycle, which is referred to as the length of wiring . The cables 120 include raised points along their outer edges, referred to as edges 180. The twisting of the cables 120 causes the edges 180 to rotate helically along the outer edge of each cable 120, resulting in the formation of air bags 160 and contact points 140 at different locations along the longitudinally extending cables 120. The edges 180 help to maximize the distance between the cables 120. Specifically, the edges 180 of the twisted cables 120 help to prevent the cables 120 from snapping together. The cables 120 touch only on their edges, whose edges 180 help to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 (not shown, see Figure 2) of the cables 120. At the points of non-contact along the cables 120 , air pockets 160 are formed between the cables 120. Like the edges 180, the air pockets 160 help to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120. By maximizing the distance, partly through rotations of twisting, between the coated cables 120, the interference between the cables 120 is reduced, especially the effects of external crosstalk. As mentioned, it is known that the capacitive and inductive interference fields emanate from the high-speed data signals propagating along the cables 120. The intensity of the fields increases with the increase in the speed of the transmissions of data. Accordingly, the cables 120 minimize the effects of the interference fields by increasing the distances between the adjacent cables 120. For example, the increase in distances between the cables 120 helps reduce the external crosstalk between the cables 120 because the effects of external crosstalk are inversely proportional to the distance. Although Figure 1 shows two cables 120, wiring group 100 can include any number of cables 120. Wiring group 100 can include a single cable 120. In some embodiments, two cables 120 are located along generally parallel longitudinal axes. through at least one predefined length. In other embodiments, more than two cables 120 are placed along generally parallel longitudinal axes through at least one predefined length. In some modalities, the predefined distance is a length of ten meters. In some embodiments, the adjacent cables 120 are twisted independently. In other embodiments, the cables 120 are twisted together. Wired group 100 can be used in a wide variety of communications applications. The wired group 100 can be configured for use in communications networks, such as the local area network (LAN) community. In some embodiments, wired group 100 is configured for use as a horizontal network cable or a main network cable in a network community. The configuration of the cables 120, including their individual torsion ratios, will be further explained below. B. View of the Cable Figure 2 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the cable 120, with a separate section exposed. The cable 120 includes a filler 200 configured to separate a number of twisted double conductors 240 (also referred to as "double twisted conductors 240", "double conductors 240", and "wiring modes 240"), including the double conductor twisted 240a and double twisted conductor 240b. The filler 200 extends along a longitudinal axis, such as the longitudinal axis of one of the twisted double conductors 240. A jacket 260 surrounds the filler 200 and the twisted double conductors 240. The twisted double conductors 240 can be braided independently and helically around individual longitudinal axes. The double twisted conductors 240 can be distinguished from each other by twisting them at generally dissimilar torsion ratios, i.e., different wiring lengths, over a specific longitudinal distance. In Figure 2, the twisted double conductor 240a is twisted more tightly than the twisted double conductor 240b (i.e., the double twisted conductor 240a has a shorter wiring length than the twisted double conductor 240b). therefore, it can be said that the double twisted conductor 240a has a short wiring length, and the twisted double conductor 240b has a long wiring length. By having different wiring lengths, twisted double conductor 240a and double twisted conductor 240b minimize the number of parallel crossing points known to easily contain crosstalk noise. As shown in Figure 2, the cable 120 includes the edge 180 that rotates in a helical manner, which rotates while the cable 120 is twisted about a longitudinal axis. The cable 120 can be braided about the longitudinal axis in various lengths of cable wiring. It should be noted that the wiring length of the cable 120 affects the individual wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240. When the wiring length of the cable 120 is shortened (narrowest torsion ratio), the individual wiring lengths of the double conductors twisted 240 also shorten. The cable 120 can be configured to beneficially affect the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240, the configurations of which will be explained below in relation to the wiring length limitations of the cable 120. FIG. 2 also shows the filling 200 twisted in a manner helical around a longitudinal axis. The filler 200 can be braided at different or variable torsion ratios over a predefined distance. Accordingly, the filler 200 is configured to be flexible and rigid, flexible to braid at different torsional and rigid ratios to maintain the different torsional ratios. The filler 200 should be braided sufficiently, ie, have a sufficiently small wiring length, to form the air pockets 160 between the adjacent wires 120. By way of example only, in some embodiments, the filler 200 is twisted to a length of wiring no more than about one hundred times the length of wiring of one of the twisted double conductors 240 so as to form the air pockets 160. The fill 200 will be discussed later with respect to Figure 4A. The filler 200 and the jacket 260 may include any material that meets industrial standards. The filler may comprise, but is not limited to any of the following: Polyfluoroalkoxy, TFE / perfluoromethyl-vinyl ether, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a slow-burning lead-free PVC, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), fluorinated polypropylene perfluoroethylene, a type of fluoropolymer, slow-burning polypropylene, and other thermoplastic materials. Similarly, sleeve 260 may comprise any material that meets industrial standards, including any of the materials listed above. The cable 120 can be configured to meet industrial standards, such as security, electrical and dimensional standards. In some embodiments, the cable 120 comprises a horizontal or main network cable 120. In such embodiments the cable 120 can be configured to meet the industrial standards for horizontal network cables 120. In one embodiment, the cable 120 is of impeller relationship. In some embodiments, the cable 120 is of upward relationship. In some embodiments, the cable 120 is unprotected. The advantages generated by the cable configurations 120 are explained below with reference to Figure 4A. C. Double Twisted Driver View Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the twisted double conductors 240. As shown in Figure 3, the wiring mode 240 includes two conductors 300 individually insulated by insulators 320 (also referred to as "320 insulation"). A conductor 300 and its surrounding insulator 320 are twisted together helically with the other conductor 300 and the insulator 320 under a longitudinal axis. Figure 3 also indicates the diameter (d) and the wiring length (L) of the twisted double conductor 240. In some embodiments, the double twisted conductor 240 is protected. The double twisted conductor 240 can be braided to various lengths of wiring. In some embodiments, the conductors 300 of the twisted double conductor 240 are generally twisted longitudinally under said axis to a specific wiring length (L). In some embodiments, the wiring length (L) of the twisted double conductor 240 varies over a portion or the entire longitudinal distance of the twisted double conductor 240, which distance may be a predefined distance or length.

By way of example only, in some embodiments, the predefined distance is approximately ten meters to allow a sufficient length for the correct propagation of signals as a consequence of their wavelengths. The twisted double conductor 240 must conform to the industrial standards, including the standards that regulate the twisted double conductor size 240. Accordingly, the conductors 300 and the insulators 320 are configured to have good physical and electrical characteristics that at least meet the standards industrial It is known that a balanced twisted double conductor 240 helps cancel the interference fields generated in and around the active conductors 300. Accordingly, the sizes of the conductors 300 and the insulators 320 must be configured to promote the balance between the conductors 300. Accordingly, the diameter of each of the conductors 300 and the diameter of each of the insulators 320 are sized to promote the balance between each one (a conductor 300 and an insulator) of the double twisted conductor 240. The dimensions of the components of the cable 120, such as the conductors 300 and the insulators 320, must comply with the industrial standards. In some embodiments, the dimensions or sizes of the cables 120 and their components comply with the industry dimensional standards for RJ-45 cables and connectors, such as RJ-45 connections and seals. In some modalities the industrial dimensional standards include the standards for Category 5, Category 5e and / or Category 6 cables and connectors. In some embodiments, the size of the 300 conductors is between # 22 American Wire Gage (AG) and # 26 A G. Each of the conductors 300 of the twisted double conductor 240 may comprise any conductive material that meets industrial standards, including but not limited to copper conductors 300. The insulator 320 may comprise but is not limited to thermoplastics, fluoropolymer materials, slow burning polyethylene (FRPE), slow burning polypropylene (FRPP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), perfluoroalcoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), in solid or foamed form, ethylene-foamed chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), and the like. D. Cross Section View of the Cable Figure 4A shows an enlarged cross sectional view of the cable 120 according to a first embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 4A, the jacket 260 surrounds the filler 200 and the twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, (collectively "twisted double conductors 240") to form the cable 120.

The double twisted conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d can be distinguished by having dissimilar wiring lengths. Although twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, may have dissimilar wiring lengths, they must be twisted in the same direction in order to minimize impedance inequalities, whether all twisted double conductors 240 are twisted to the right or a twist to the left. The wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240b, 240d are preferably similar, and the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240a, 240c, are preferably similar. In some embodiments, the wiring lengths of twisted double conductors 240a, 240c are smaller than the wiring lengths of twisted double conductors 240b, 240d. In such embodiments, the twisted double conductors 240a, 240c, may be referred to as twisted double conductors 240a, 240c of shorter wiring length, and the twisted double conductors 240b, 240d may be referred to as twisted double conductors 240b, 240d plus Long wiring length. Twisted double conductors 240 are selectively displayed on cable 120 to minimize external crosstalk. The selective placement of twisted double conductors 240 will be further discussed below.

The filler 200 can be positioned along twisted double conductors 240. The filler 200 can form regions, such as quadrant regions, each region being configured to receive and selectively house a particular twisted double conductor 240. The regions form longitudinal grooves a along the length of the filler 200, whose grooves can accommodate the twisted double conductors 240. As shown in Figure 4A, the filler may include a core 410 and a quantity of filler dividers 400 extending radially outward from the core 410. In some preferred embodiments, the core 410 of the filler 200 is positioned at an approximately central point to the twisted double conductors 240. The filler 200 further includes a number of secondary circuits 415 extending radially outwardly from the core 410. The double twisted conductors 240 may be placed adjacent to the secondary circuits 410 and / or the d Filling sensors 400. In some preferred embodiments, the length of each secondary circuit 415 is at least generally equal to approximately the diameter of the twisted double conductor 240 selectively placed adjacent to the secondary circuit 415. The secondary circuits 415 and the core 410 of the filling 200 they may be referred to as a base portion 500 of the filler 200. Figure 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the filler 200 according to the first embodiment. Figure 5A the filler 200 includes a base portion 500 comprising the secondary circuits 415, the dividers 400, and the filler core 200. In some embodiments, the base portion 500 includes any part of the filler 200 that does not extend beyond of the diameter of the twisted double conductors 240, while the twisted double conductors 240 are selectively housed in the regions formed by the filling 200. Accordingly, the twisted double conductors 240 must be placed adjacent the secondary circuits 415 of the base portion 500 of the filling 200. With reference again to Figure 4A, the filling 200 may include a number of filling extensions 420a, 420b (collectively "the filling extensions 420") extending radially outward in different directions from the base portion 500, and extend specifically from the secondary circuits 415 of the base portion 500. The extension 420 of the second circuit River 415 may extend radially outwardly away from the base portion 500 to at least a predefined area. As shown in Figure 4A and Figure 5A, the length of the predefined area may be different for each extension 420a, 420b. The predefined area of the extension 420a is a length El, while the predefined area of the extension 420b is a length E2. In some embodiments, the predefined area of the extension 420 is at least about one quarter the diameter of one of the twisted double conductors 240 accommodated by the filler 200. By having a predefined area of at least about this distance, the extension of the filler 420 it de-centers the filler 200, thereby helping to decrease external crosstalk between the adjacent cables 120 by maximizing the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120. FIG. 4A shows a reference point 425 located at a position in each secondary circuit 415 of the filler 200. The reference point 425 is useful for measuring the distance between the cables 120 placed adjacently. The reference point 425 is located at a certain length away from the core 410 of the filling 200. In Figure 4A and in other preferred embodiments, the reference point 425 is located at approximately the midpoint of each secondary circuit 415. In other words , some embodiments include the reference point 425 in a portion spaced from the core 410 by approximately half the length of the diameter of one of the twisted double conductors 240 housed. The filler 200 can be formed to configure the regions to densely accommodate the twisted double conductors 240. For example, the filler 200 may include curved shapes and edges that generally conform to the shape of the twisted double conductors 240. Accordingly, the twisted double conductors 240 are able to fit exactly against the filler 200 and within the regions. For example, Figure 4A shows that the filler 200 may include concave curves configured to accommodate the twisted double conductors 240. By densely accommodating the twisted double conductors 240, the filler 200 generally assists in twisted double conductors 240 in position one with respect to the other, thereby minimizing impedance deviations and capacitive imbalance over the length of cable 120, the benefit of which will be discussed below. The filling 200 can be decentralized.

Specifically, the filler extension 420 can be configured to decentralize the filler 200. For example, in Figure 4A, each of the filler extensions 420 extends beyond an outer edge of the cross-sectional area of at least one of the filler extensions. Twisted double conductors 240, whose length is referred to as the predefined area. The filling extension 420a extends beyond the cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductor 240b and the double twisted conductor 24Od by the distance (El). Similarly, the filling extension 420b extends beyond the cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductor 240a and the twisted double conductor 240c by the distance (E2). Accordingly, the fill extensions 420 may be of different lengths, e.g., the extension length (El) is greater than the extension length (E2). As a result, the filling extension 420a has a cross-sectional area that is larger than the cross-sectional area of the filling extension 420b. The offset 200 filler helps minimize external crosstalk. In addition, the external crosstalk between the adjacent cables 120 can be further minimized by decentering the filler 200 by at least a minimum degree. Accordingly, the extension lengths of the symmetrically placed filler extensions 420 should be different from the offset of the filler 200. The filler 200 should be decentralized enough to help form air pockets 160 between the adjacent wires 120 helically twisted. The air bags 160 must be large enough to help maintain at least a minimum average distance between the adjacent cables 120 through at least a predefined length of the adjacent cables 120. In addition, the off-center fills 200 of the adjacent cables 120 can function to distance the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d from one of the cables 120 furthest from the adjacent external noise sources, such as the wiring modes in close proximity, than twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c. for example, in some embodiments, the extension length (El) is approximately twice the extension length (E2). By way of example only, in some embodiments, the extension length (El) is approximately 0.04 inches (1.016 mm), and the extension length (E2) is approximately 0.02 inches (0.508 mm). Subsequently, double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d could be placed adjacent to the longer extension 420a to maximize the distance between the double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d and any adjacent external noise source. The symmetrically placed filler extensions 420 should not only be of different lengths to de-center the filler 200, the filler extensions 420 of the cable 120 preferably extend at least to a minimum extension length. In particular, the filler extensions 420 should extend beyond the cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductors 240 sufficiently to assist in forming the air pockets 160 between the adjacent wires 120 that are twisted in a helical manner, whose air pockets 160 can help maintain an approximate average minimum distance between the adjacent cables 120 over at least the predefined length. For example, in some preferred embodiments, at least one of the filler extensions 420 extends beyond the outer edge of a cross-sectional area of at least one of the twisted double conductors 240 by at least a quarter of the diameter (d) of the same twisted double conductor 240, while the double twisted conductor 240 is housed adjacent the filler 200. In other preferred embodiments, an air pocket 160 having a maximum area of at least 0.1 times the diameter of a diameter of one is formed. of the cables 120. The effects of the extension lengths (The, E2) and the offset 200 offset in external crosstalk will be discussed below. The cross-sectional area of the filler 200 can be enlarged to help improve the performance of the cable 200. Specifically, the filler extension 420 of the cable 120 can be enlarged eg, radiated radially outwardly toward the jacket 260, to help generally adjust the conductors twisted doubles 240 in position one with respect to gold. As shown in Figure 4A, the fill extensions 420a, 420b can be expanded to comprise different areas in cross section. Specifically, by enlarging the cross-sectional areas of the filler 200, the undesirable effects of impedance mismatching and capacitive imbalance are minimized, thereby making the cable 120 capable of operating at high data rates while maintaining the integrity of the signal . These benefits will be discussed below below. In addition, the outer edges of the filling extensions 420 can be curved to support the jacket 260 while allowing the jacket 260 to fit tightly over the filling extensions 420. The curvature of the outer edges of the filling extensions 420 helps improve the cable performance 120 minimizing impedance inequalities and capacitive imbalance. Specifically, by adjusting exactly against the jacket 260, the filling extensions 420 reduce the amount of air in the cable 120 and generally adjust the components of the cable 120 in position, including the positions of the twisted double conductors 240 with respect to each other. In some preferred embodiments, the jacket 260 is compression adjusted on the filling 200 and twisted double conductors 240. The benefit of these attributes will be discussed below below. The filling extensions 520 form the edges 180 along the outer edge of the cable 120. The edges 180 are raised to different heights according to the lengths of the filling extensions 420. As shown in Figure 4A, the edge 180a it is higher than the edge 180b. this helps to decentralize cables 120 in order to reduce external crosstalk between adjacent cables 120, which feature will be discussed below below. Also shown is a larger diameter (DI) measurement of the cable 120 in Figure 4A. For the cable 120 shown in Figure 4a, the diameter (DI) is the distance between the edge 180a and the edge 180b. As mentioned above, the cable 120 can be of a particular size or diameter so as to meet certain industrial standards. For example, the cable 120 may be of a size that complies with Category 5, Category 5e and / or Category 6 of unprotected cables. By way of example only, in some embodiments, the diameter (ID) of the cable 120 is no more than 0.25 inches (6.35 mm). When compared to existing dimensional standards for unprotected twisted-pair cable, cable 120 can be easily used to replace existing cables. For example, the cable 120 can be easily replaced by a category 6 unprotected cable in a network of communications devices, thereby helping to increase the data propagation speeds available between the devices. In addition, the cable 120 can be easily connected with existing devices and connector schemes. Therefore, the cable 120 can help improve communication speeds between existing network devices. Although Figure 4A shows two padding extensions 420, other embodiments may include various numbers and configurations of padding extensions 420. Any number of padding extensions 420 may be used to increase the distances between wires 120 placed next to each other. Similarly, filler extensions 420 of different lengths or the like can be used. The distance provided between the adjacent cables 120 by the filler extensions 420 reduces the effects of interference by increasing the distance between the cables 120. In some embodiments, the filler 200 is offset to facilitate the distance of the cables 120 since the cables 120 re individually. The offset offset 200 thus helps isolate the twisted double leads 240 of a particular cable 120 from the external crosstalk generated by the twisted double leads 240 of another cable 120. To illustrate the examples of other embodiments of the cable 120, FIGS. 4B- 4C show various different embodiments of the cable 120. Figure 4B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable 120 'according to a second embodiment. The cable 1207 shown in Figure 4B includes a filler 200 'that includes three secondary circuits 415 and three filler extensions 420 that extend away from the secondary circuits 415 and beyond the cross-sectional areas of the twisted double conductors 240. Each of the secondary circuits 415 includes the reference point 415. The filler 200 'can operate in any of the above-discussed ways in relation to the filler 200, including the aid for distancing the cables 120' positioned adjacent to each other . Similarly, Figure 4C shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cable 120"according to a third embodiment, whose cable 120" includes a filler 200"with a number of secondary circuits 415 and a filling extension. 420 extending away from one of the secondary circuits 415 and beyond the cross-sectional areas of at least one of the twisted double conductors 240. The secondary circuits 415 include the reference points 425. In other embodiments, the secondary circuits 415 shown in Figure 4C can be filler dividers 400. Filling 200"can also function in any of the ways filler 200 can function. Figure 5B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of filler 200" according to FIG. with a third modality. As shown in Figure 5B, the pad 200"may include a base portion 500" having a number of secondary circuits 415 and the extension 420 extending away from the base portion 500"and, more specifically, v away from one of the secondary circuits 415 of the base portion 500". Figure 5B shows four twisted double conductors 240 positioned adjacent the base portion 500". The extension 420 extends away from the base portion 500"by at least about the predefined area. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5B, the filler 200"includes four secondary circuits 415 with the twisted double conductors 240 adjacent the secondary circuits 415. Each of the secondary circuits 415 of the base portion 500" includes the reference 425. The filler 200 may be configured in other ways to distance the cables 120 placed adjacently. For example, Figure 4D shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cable 120 and the filler 200 according to the embodiment of Figure 4A in combination with a different filler 200"placed along the cable 120. The filler 200 ' '' 'can be wound in a helical fashion along the cable 120, or any component of the cable 120. When placed along the cable 120, the filler 200' '' 'can be placed between the cables 120 placed adjacently and maintain a distance between them. Since the filler 200 '' '' is twisted in a helical fashion around the cable 120, it prevents the adjacent cables 120 from snapping together. The filler 200 '' '' can be placed along any mode of the cable 120. In some embodiments, the filler 200 '' '' is placed along the twisted double conductors 240. The configuration of the cables 120, such as in the embodiments shown in Figures 4A-4D, it is able to adequately maintain the integrity of the high-speed data signals propagating on the cables 120. The cables 120 are capable of such operation due to a number of characteristics, including but not limited to the following. First, the cable configurations help to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120, thus reducing the effects of external crosstalk. Second, the cables 120 can be configured to increase the distance between the radiating sources that are more prone to external crosstalk, e.g., the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d. Third, the cables 120 can be configured to help reduce the capacitive splicing between the twisted double conductors 240 by improving the consistency of the dielectric properties of the materials surrounding the twisted double conductors 240. Fourth, the cable 120 can be configured to minimize variations in impedance on its length maintaining the physical attributes of the components of the cable 120, even when the cable 120 is twisted, thereby reducing signal attenuation. Fifth, the cables 120 can be configured to reduce the number of instances of the twisted double conductors 240 parallel along the longitudinally adjacent cables 120, thus minimizing the occurrence of positions prone to external crosstalk. These features and advantages of the cables will now be discussed in greater detail. E. Distance Maximization Cables 120 can be configured to minimize the degradation of propagated high speed signals by maximizing the distance between twisted double conductors 240 of adjacent cables 120. Specifically, the distance of the cables 120 reduces the effects of external crosstalk. As mentioned above, the magnitudes of the fields that cause external crosstalk weaken with distance. Adjacent cables 120 can be individually and helically braided along generally parallel axes as shown in Figure 1, so that contact points 140 and air bags 160 shown in Figure 1 are formed in various positions along adjacent wires 120. The cables 120 can be braided so that the edges 180 form the contact points 140 between the cables 120, as discussed in connection with Figure 1. Accordingly, at various positions along the longitudinal axes, the adjacent cables 120 they can be touched at their edges 180. At non-contact points, adjacent wires 120 can be separated by air bags 160. Cables 120 can be configured to increase the distance between their twisted double conductors 240 both at contact points 140 and at non-contact points, which reduces external crosstalk. Additionally, by using a random helical twist for different adjacent wires 120, the distance between the adjacent wires 120 is maximized by discouraging the engagement of the wires 120 adjacent one relative to the other. In addition, the cables 120 can be configured to maximally distance their twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d. As mentioned above, twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d are more prone to external crosstalk than double twisted conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c. Accordingly, the wires 120 can selectively place the twisted, longer wiring length conductors 240b, 24Od next to the largest fill extension 420a of each wire 120 to additionally distance the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d. This configuration will be discussed below below. 1. Random Cable Twist The distance between the cables 120 placed adjacently can be maximized by twisting the adjacent cables 120 in different cable wiring lengths. When braiding at different ratios, the peaks of one of the adjacent cables 120 do not align with the valleys of the other cable 120, whereby a nested alignment of the cables 120 one relative to the other is discouraged. Accordingly, the different wiring lengths of the adjacent cables 120 help to prevent or discourage the engagement of the adjacent cables 120. For example, the adjacent cables 120 shown in Figure 1 have different wiring lengths. Accordingly, the number and size of the air pockets 160 formed between the cables 120 is maximized. The cable 120 can be configured to help ensure that the sub-sections of the cable 120 placed adjacently do not have the same torsional relationship in no point along the length of the sub-sections. To that end, the cable 120 can be wound in a helical fashion along at least a predefined length of the cable 120. The helical torsion includes a twisting rotation of the cable about a generally longitudinal axis. The helical twist of the cable 120 can be varied over a predefined length so that the wiring length of the cable 120 continuously increases or decreases continuously over the predefined length. For example, the cable 120 may be braided to a certain length of cable wiring at a first point along the cable 120. The cable wiring length may decrease continuously (the cable 120 twists tighter) along the cables. points of the cable 120, while reaching the second point along the cable 120. While the twisting of the cable 120 is tightened, the distances between the edges 180 spiral along the cable 120 decrease. Consequently, when the predefined length of the cable 120 is separated into two sub-sections, and the subsections are placed adjacent to each other, the sub-sections of the cable 120 will have different lengths of cable wiring. This discourages the sub-sections from being wedged together because the edges 180 of the cables 120 are twisted at different ratios, whereby the external crosstalk between the sub-sections is reduced by maximizing the distance between them. In addition, the different torsional ratios of the sub-sections help minimize external crosstalk by maintaining a certain average distance between the sub-sections over the predefined length. In some embodiments, the average distance between the respective closest reference points 425 of each of the sub-sections is at least half the distance of the length in a particular fill extension 420 (the predefined area) of the sub-sections on the predefined length. Because the cable 120 is twisted helically at randomly variable ratios along the predefined length, the filler 200, the twisted double conductors 240, and / or the jacket 260 can be braided accordingly. Thus, the filler 200, the twisted double conductors 240, and / or the jacket 260 can be braided so that their respective wiring lengths continuously increase or decrease continuously over at least the predefined length. In some embodiments, the jacket 260 is applied over the filler 200 and the twisted double conductors 240 in a compression fit so that the application of the jacket 260 includes a twist of the jacket 260 which causes the densification 200 received tightly to be braided in a corresponding way. As a result, the twisted double conductors 240 received within the filler 200 are twisted in a helical manner finally with respect to each other. In practice, it has been found that by randomizing the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 once the sleeve 260 is applied such as by twisting the sleeve, has the additional advantage of minimizing the reintroduction of air within the cable 120. In contrast, other randomization procedures typically increase the air content, which can actually increase undesirable crosstalk. The importance of minimizing air content is discussed below in Section G.2. However, in some embodiments, a twist of the filler 200 independently of the jacket 260 causes the twisted double conductors 240 received within the filler to be wound helically with respect to each other. The total twist of the cable 120 varies the original or initial predefined wiring length of each of the twisted double conductors 240. Twisted double conductors 240 vary by approximately the same ratio at each point along the predefined length. The ratio can be defined as the degree of twisting of torsion applied to the total helical twisting of the twisted double conductors 240. In response to the application of the torsion twisting ratio, the wiring length of each twisted double lead 240 changes To some degree. This function and its benefits will be discussed later in connection with Figures 11A-11B. the predefined length of the cable 120 will also be discussed later in connection with Figures 11A-11B. 2. Contact Points Figures 6A-6D show various cross-sectional views of cables 120 longitudinally adjacent and twisted in a helical manner according to the first embodiment of the invention. Figures 6A-6D show cross-sectional views of the cables 120 touching at different contact points 140. In these positions, the filling extensions 420 can be configured to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120, minimizing thus the external crosstalk at the contact points 140. In Figure 6A, the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120 are separated by the distance (SI). The distance (SI) equals approximately twice the sum of the extension length (El) and the thickness of the jacket 260. In the position of the cable 120 shown in Figure 6A, the filling extensions 420a of the cables 120 increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120 by twice the extension length (El). The closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 shown in Figure 6A are separated by the distance SI '. In Figure 6A, the adjacent wires 120 are positioned in such a manner that their twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 24Od respective are closer together than the twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c of the cables 120. Because the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d are more prone to external crosstalk than the twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c, the longer filling extensions 420a of the cables 120 are selectively positioned to provide an increase in the distance between the twisted double conductors of the longest wiring length 240b, 240d of the cables 120. Consequently, the twisted double conductors of the longest wiring length 240b, 24Od of the cables 120 are further separated at the contact point 140 shown in Figure 6A, and thus the crosstalk is reduced ex between them. In other words, the cables 120 can be configured to provide maximum separation between the twisted double conductors of the longest wiring length 240b, 24Od. Accordingly, the filler 200 can selectively receive and accommodate the twisted double conductors 240. For example, the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d can be placed closer to the longer filler extension 420a. This function helps to effectively minimize external crosstalk between the worst sources of external crosstalk between cables 120, twisted double conductors with longer cable length 240b, 240d. Figure 6B shows a cross-sectional view of another contact point 140 of the cables 120 along their lengths. In Figure 6B, the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120 are separated by the distance (S2). The distance (S2) equals approximately twice the sum of the extension length (E2) and the thickness of the jacket 260. In the position of the cable 120 shown in Figure 6B, the filling extensions 420b of the cables 120 increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120 by twice the extension length (E2). The closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 shown in Figure 6B are separated by the distance S2 '. In Figure 6B, the adjacent wires 120 are positioned in such a way that their twisted double conductors of shorter respective wiring length 240a, 240c are closer together than the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d of the cables 120. The twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c of the cables 120 are further separated at the contact point 140 shown in Figure 6B, by at least the lengths of the filling extensions 420b, thus reducing the external crosstalk between them. Because twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c are less prone to external crosstalk than twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 24Od, shorter fill extensions 420b of wires 120 are selectively position to distance the twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c of the cables 120. As discussed above, the increase in distance is of greater help in reducing external crosstalk between the longer twisted double conductors of wiring 240b, 24Od. Accordingly, the longer padding extensions 420a of the cables 120 are used to separate the twisted double conductors of the longest wiring length 240b, 240d at the positions where they are closest to each other between the wires 120. 3. No points. Contact Figures 6C-6D show cross-sectional views of the cables 120 at non-contact points along their lengths. In these positions, the cables 120 can be configured to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120 by forming the air pockets 160 between the cables 120, thus minimizing external crosstalk at the contact points 140. When the cables adjacent 120 are twisted independently and helically in different cable wiring lengths, the filling extensions 420 help to form the air pockets 160 helping to prevent the cables 120 from snapping together. As discussed above, this distance effect can be maximized by creating slight fluctuations in the torsional rotation along the longitudinal axes of the cables 120. The air bags 160 increase the distances between the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120. Figure 6C shows a cross-sectional view of adjacent cables 120 separated by a particular air bag 160 at a position along their longitudinal lengths. In the position illustrated in Figure 6C, the adjacent cables 120 are separated by the air bag 160. While in this position the air bag 160 formed by the helically rotating edges 180, works to distance the double conductors twisted 240 closest to each wire 120. The length of the air pocket 160 is the increase in the distance between adjacent wires 120. In Figure 6C, the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120 in this position, is indicated by the distance (S3). Because the air has excellent insulating properties, the distance formed by the air bag 160 is effective to isolate adjacent cables 120 from external crosstalk. In Figure 6C, the closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 are separated by the distance S3 '. The cables 120 can be configured in such a way that when their twisted double conductors 240 are not separated by the filling extensions 420, their air pockets 160 are formed to distance the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120, thereby helping reducing the external crosstalk between the cables 120. Figure 6D shows a cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables 120 in another air bag 160 along their longitudinal lengths. Similar to the position shown in Figure 6C, the cables 120 of Figure 6D are separated by the air bag 160. As discussed in connection with Figure 6C, the air bag 160 shown in Figure 6D works to distance the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120. The distance between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120 in this position is indicated by the distance (S4). In Figure 6D, the closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 are separated by the distance S4 '. Although Figures 6A-6D show specific embodiments of the cables 120, other embodiments of the cables 120 may be configured to increase the distances between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120. For example, a wide variety of configurations of the filler extension 420 can be used to increase the distance between the adjacent cables 120. The filler 200 may include different amounts and sizes of filler extensions 420 and filler dividers 400 which are configured to prevent engagement of the adjacent cables 120. The filler 200 may include any shape or design that helps to distance the adjacent cables 120 while meeting industry standards for cable size or diameter. For example, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120 'according to the second embodiment of the invention. The cables 120 'shown in Figure 7 can be positioned similarly to the cables 120 shown in Figures 6A-6D. Each of the cables 120 'includes the jacket 260 surrounding the filling 200', the filling divider 400, the filling extensions 420 and the twisted double conductors 240. The cables 120 'also include the edges 180 formed along the jackets 260 by the filling extensions 420. The raised edges 180 help to increase the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120 because the contact points 140 between the cables 120 'are presented at the edges 180 of the cables 120 '. In Figure 7, each cable 120 'includes three filler extensions 420 that extend below the cross-sectional areas of some of the twisted double conductors 240. The filler extensions 420 in Figure 7 can function in any of the shapes discussed above, such as helping to prevent engagement of the adjacent wires 120 'twisted in a helical manner and increasing distances between twisted double conductors 240 of the wires 120'. In Figure 7, the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the cables 120 'at one of the contact points 140, is indicated by the distance (S5), which is approximately twice the sum of the extension length. and the thickness of the jacket 260 of the cable 120 '. The closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 'shown in Figure 7 are separated by the distance S5'. The cables 120 'shown in Figure 7 can selectively place the twisted double conductors 240 of different lengths of wiring in any of the ways discussed above. Therefore, the cables 120 'of Figure 7 can be configured to minimize external crosstalk. Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120 and the fillers 200"" using the arrangement of Figure 4D. The cables 120 shown in Figure 8 are spaced apart by the filling 200"'' 'twisted in a helical manner in any of the ways discussed above in relation to Figure 4D. F. Selective Distance Maximization The present wire configurations can minimize signal degradation by providing selective placement of twisted double conductors 240. Referring again to Figure 4A, twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, can independently braid in dissimilar wiring lengths. In Figure 4A, the double twisted conductor 240a and the double twisted conductor 240c have shorter wiring lengths than the twisted double conductor 240b and the double twisted conductor 240d of longer wiring lengths. As mentioned above, crosstalk more easily affects double conductors 240 with longer cabling lengths because the conductors 300 of the twisted double conductors of long cabling length 240b, 24Od are oriented at relatively smaller angles from an orientation parallel. On the other hand, twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240a, 240c have higher separation angles between their conductors 300, and consequently, they are farther from being parallel and less susceptible to crosstalk noise. Consequently, twisted double conductor 240b and double twisted conductor 24Od are more susceptible to crosstalk than double twisted conductor 240a and double twisted conductor 240c. With these features in mind, the cables 120 can be configured to reduce external crosstalk by maximizing the distance between their twisted long conductors of long wiring length 240b, 240d. The twisted, long length wiring conductors 240b, 240d of the adjacent cables 120 can be spaced by placing them close to the largest fill extension 420a. For example, as shown in Figure 4A, the extension length (El) of the filling extension 420a is greater than the extension length (E2) of the filling extension 420b. By placing the twisted pairs 240b, 24Od with longer wiring lengths near the largest fill extension 420a of the cable 120, the contact points 140 that occur between the fill extensions 420a of the adjacent wires 120 will provide the maximum distance between twisted double conductors of long wiring length 240b, 24Od. In other words, the twisted double conductors of longer wiring length 240b, 240d are located closer to the filling extension 420a larger than the twisted double conductors of shorter wiring length 240. Accordingly, twisted double conductors Long-length wiring 240b, 240d of the cables 120 are separated at the contact point 140 by at least the largest available extension lengths (El). This configuration and its benefits will be further explained with reference to the modalities shown in Figures 9A-9D. Figures 9A-9D show cross-sectional views of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120"according to the third embodiment of the invention. In Figures 9A-9D, the adjacent twisted cables 120"include the twisted long-length wiring conductors 240b, 24Od configured to maximize the distance between the twisted long conductors of wiring 240b, 240d of the cables 120 ' 'adjacent. The wires 120"each include twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, with dissimilar lengths. The long twisted long wiring conductors 240b, 24Od are located closest to the longest fill extension 420 of the fill 200"of each wire 120". This configuration helps to minimize external crosstalk between the twisted long length conductors 240b, 240d of the 120"cables. Figures 9A-9D show different cross-sectional views of adjacent cables 120"twisted at different positions along their longitudinally extending lengths. Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the adjacent twisted cables 120"configured to distance the twisted long length conductors 240b, 24Od from the cables 120". As shown in Figure 9A, the cables 120"are positioned in such a manner that the filler extensions 420 of each of the cables 120" are oriented toward each other. The contact point 140 is formed between the wires 120"on the edges 180 located between the filler extensions 420. Since the cables 120" are located in Figure 9A, the distance between the twisted long conductors of long length of wiring 240b, 24Od is approximately the sum of the lengths extending the padding extensions 420 beyond the cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductors 240b, 240d, indicated by the distances (El), and the thicknesses of the sleeve 260 of each of the cables 120". This sum is indicated by the distance (S6). In Figure 9A, the closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120"are separated by the distance S6 '. The configuration shown in Figure 9A helps minimize external crosstalk in any of the ways discussed above in connection with Figures 6A-6D. Figure 9B shows another cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables 120 'twisted in another position along the lengths of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120' '. Since the cables 120 '' rotate, the extensions 420 move with the rotation. In Figure 9B, the filler extensions 420 of the cables 120"are parallel and oriented generally upwards. Because the filler extension 420 causes the cable 120"to de-center, the air bag 160 is formed between the cables 120" in this orientation of the filler extensions 420. The configuration shown in Figure 9B helps reduce external crosstalk in any of the ways discussed above in relation to Figures 6A-6D. For example, as discussed above, the air bag 160 helps reduce external crosstalk by maximizing the distance between the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120". The distance (S7) indicates the spacing between the twisted double conductors 240 closest to the 120 '' wires. In Figure 9B, the closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120 '' are separated by the distance S7 '. Figure 9C shows another cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables 120"twisted at a different position along the lengths of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120". At this point the filler extensions 420 of the cables 120"are oriented away from each other. The long twisted long-stranded conductors 240b, 24Od are selectively disposed near the filling extension 420. Accordingly, the long twisted long-stranded conductors 240b, 240d are also oriented separately. The twisted double conductors of short wiring length 240a, 240c of each wire 120"are closer together. However, as mentioned above, the double twisted conductors of short wiring length 240a, 240c are not as susceptible to crosstalk as the twisted long conductors of long wiring 240b.240d Accordingly, the orientation of the cables 120"shown in Figure 9C does not unacceptably damage the integrity of the high-speed signals while propagating along the twisted double conductors 240. Other embodiments of the 120" cables include extensions. of filling 420 configured to additionally distance the twisted double conductors of short wiring length 240a, 240c. In the position shown in Figure 9C, the long twisted long wiring conductors 240b, 240d are naturally separated by the components of the cables 120". Specifically, the areas of the twisted double conductors of short wiring length 240a, 240c of the cables 120"help separate the long twisted conductors of long wiring 240b, 24Od. As a result, external crosstalk is reduced in the configuration of the cables 120"shown in Figure 9C. The distance between the twisted long conductors of long wiring length 240b, 240d of the cables 120"is indicated by the distance (S8). In Figure 9C, the closest reference points 425 of adjacent cables 120"are separated by distance S8. Figure 9D shows another cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables 120"twisted in another position along the lengths of the longitudinally adjacent cables 120". In the position shown in Figure 9D, the filler extensions 420 of the cables 120"are oriented in the same lateral direction. The long twisted long wiring conductors 240b, 240d of each of the cables 120"remain separated by the distance (S9), thus minimizing the effects of external crosstalk between the twisted long conductors of long wiring 240b, 240d . Further, the components of the cables 120 '' including the twisted double conductors of short wiring length 240a, 240c of one of the cables 120 '' help to separate the twisted long conductors of wiring 240b, 24Od from the cables 120 ''. In Figure 9D, the closest reference points 425 of the adjacent cables 120"are separated by the distance S9 '. G- Capacitive Field Balance The present cables 120 can facilitate the balance of the capacitive fields around the conductors 300 of the twisted double conductors 240. As mentioned above, the capacitive fields are formed between and around the conductors 300 of a conductor twisted double 240 particular. In addition, the degree of capacitive imbalance between the conductors 300 of the twisted double conductor 240 affects the emitted noise of the twisted double conductor 240. If the capacitive fields of the conductors 300 are well balanced, the noise produced by the fields tends to cancel out. The balance is typically promoted by ensuring that the diameter of the conductors 300 and the insulators 320 of the twisted double conductor 240 are uniform. As mentioned above, cable 120 uses twisted double conductors 240 with uniform sizes that facilitate capacitive balance. However, materials other than the insulators 320 affect the capacitive fields of the conductors 300. Any material within or close to a capacitive field of the conductors 300 affects the total capacitance, and finally the capacitive balance of the insulated conductors 300 grouped in the double twisted conductor 240. As shown in Figure 4A, the cable 120 may include a number of materials placed where the capacitance of each insulated conductor 300 may separately affect the twisted double conductor 240. This creates two different capacitances, thus creating an imbalance. This imbalance inhibits the ability of the twisted double conductor 240 to self-cancel the noise sources, resulting in an increase in the noise levels radiating from a double conductor 240 active transmitter. The insulation 320, the filler 200, the jacket 260 and the air within the cable 120 can all affect the capacitive balance of the twisted double conductors 240. The cable 120 can be configured to include materials that help to minimize any unbalancing effect, thus maintaining the integrity of the cable. High-speed data signals and reducing signal attenuation. 1. Consistent Dielectric Materials Cable 120 can minimize capacitive imbalance by using materials with consistent dielectric properties, such as consistent dielectric constants. The materials used for the jacket 260, the filler 200, and the insulators 320 can be selected in such a way that their dielectric constants are approximately the same or at least relatively close to each other. Preferably, the jacket 260, the filler 200 and the insulators 320 should not vary beyond a certain limit of variation. When the materials of these components comprise dielectrics within the limit, the capacitive imbalance is reduced, thus maximizing the attenuation of noise to help maintain the integrity of the signal at high speed. In some embodiments, the dielectric constants of the filler 200, the jacket 260 and the insulator 320 are approximately within a dielectric constant of one another. By using materials with consistent dielectric properties, cable 120 minimizes capacitive imbalance by eliminating the tilt that can be formed by materials with different dielectric constants placed only around twisted double conductor 240, especially in consequence of stronger capacitive fields generated by data signals high speed. For example, a particular twisted double conductor 240 includes two conductors 300. A first conductor may be placed close to the jacket 260 while the second conductor is placed close to the filling 200. Consequently, the capacitive fields of the first conductor 300 may experience more capacitive influence of the jacket 260 closest to that of the filling 200 closest to it. The second conductor 300 may be more inclined by the filler 200 than by the jacket 260. As a result, the only inclinations of the conductors 300 do not cancel each other, and the capacitive fields of the twisted double conductor 240 become unbalanced. In addition, a greater disparity between the dielectric constants of the jacket 260 and the filler 200 will undesirably increase the unbalance of the twisted double conductor 240, thus causing the degradation of the signal. The cable 120 can minimize the differences in inclination, ie, the capacitive imbalance, using materials with consistent dielectric constants for the insulator 320, the filler 200, and the jacket 260. Consequently, the capacitive fields around the conductors 300 are better balanced and result in improved noise cancellations along the length of each twisted double conductor within cable 120. In some embodiments, sleeve 260 may include an inner sleeve and an upper sleeve with dissimilar dielectric properties. In some embodiments, the dielectrics of the inner jacket, said filler 200 and said insulator 320 are all approximately within a dielectric constant (1) of one another. In some embodiments, the dielectric of the inner sleeve is not approximately within a dielectric constant of said insulator 320. In some embodiments, there is no material within a predefined dimension from the center of conductor 300 with a dielectric constant that varies more than approximately one or more dielectric constant from the dielectric constant of the insulator 320. In some embodiments, the predefined dimension is a radius of about 0.025 inches (0.635 mm). 2. Minimization of Air Because the air is typically more than 1.0 dielectric constants different from the insulator 320, the material of the filler 200 or the jacket 260, the cable 120 can facilitate the balance of the total capacitive fields of the twisted double conductor 240 by minimizing the amount of air around the twisted double conductor 240. The amount of air can be reduced by enlarging or now way maximizing the area of the filler 200 for the cable 120. For example, as discussed above in connection with Figure 4A, the area of the filler extensions 420 and / or the filler dividers 400 can be increased. As shown in FIG. Figure 4A, the filler extensions 420 of the cable 120 expand toward the jacket 260 to increase the cross-sectional area of the filler extensions 420. Furthermore, as discussed above in relation to Figure 4A, the filler 200, including the filler dividers 400 and the filler extensions 420 may include edges configured to densely accommodate the twisted double conductors 240, thereby minimizing the spaces in cable 120 where it could reside in the air. In some embodiments, the filler 200, including the filler extensions 420 and filler dividers 400, includes curved edges configured to accommodate the twisted double conductors 240. In addition, as discussed above in connection with Figure 4A, the filler extensions 420 may include curved outer edges configured to fit snugly with the jacket 260, thereby displacing air between the filling extensions 420 and the jacket 260 when the jacket 260 is tightly or tightly fitted around the filling extensions. 420. The reduction in the voids of the cable 120 that selectively receive a gas such as air, next to the double twisted conductor 240, helps to minimize the materials with disparate dielectric constants. As a result, the unbalance of the capacitive fields of the twisted double conductor 240 is minimized because the inclinations to only placed materials are avoided or at least attenuated. The total effect is a decrease in the emitted noise effects of the twisted double conductor 240. In some embodiments, voids capable of containing a gas such as air within the cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductor 240 produces less than a predefined amount of cross-sectional area of the twisted double conductor 240 or of the region housing the twisted double conductor 240. In some embodiments, the gas within the voids produces less than the predefined amount of the cross-sectional area of the cable 120. In some embodiments, the amount of gas within the cable 120 is less than the predefined amount of the volume of the cable 120 through a predefined distance. In some modalities, the predefined amount is ten percent. By limiting the gaps and the corresponding gas amount of a gas such as air within the cable 120 less than the predefined amount, the cable 120 has an improved performance. The dielectrics around the double twisted conductors 240 become more consistent. As discussed above, this helps to reduce the emitted noise of the twisted double conductors 240. Consequently, the cables 120 are more capable of accurately transmitting data signals at high speed. Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of an alternative mode of a cable 120 '' '. The cable 120 '' 'of Figure 10 shows a jacket 260' '' even tighter fitted around the twisted double conductors 240. The cable 120 '' 'illustrates that the jacket 260' '' may fit around the cable 120 ''. '' in a number of different configurations that help to minimize voids capable of retaining a gas such as air within cable 120 '' '. H. Imbalance Uniformity The reduction in the amount of air within the cable 120 as discussed above also helps maintain the integrity of the propagated signals by minimizing impedance variations along the length of the cable 120. Specifically, the cable 120 can be configured in such a way that its components are generally adjusted in position within the jacket 260. The components within the jacket 260 can be adjusted generally by reducing the amount of air inside the jacket 260 of any of the forms discussed above. . Specifically, twisted double conductors 240 may be generally adjusted in position one with respect to the other. In some embodiments, the sleeve 260 fits over the twisted double conductors 240 in such a way that it adjusts the twisted double conductors 240 in position. Typically, a compression adjustment is used, although it is not required. In other embodiments, an additional material such as an adhesive may be used. In still other embodiments, the filler 200 is configured to assist in generally adjusting twisted double conductors 240 in position. In some preferred embodiments, the components of the cable 120, including the twisted double conductors 240, are firmly in position one with respect to the other. The cable 120, having fixed physical characteristics, is capable of minimizing impedance variations. As discussed above, any change in the physical characteristics or in the ratios of twisted double conductors 240 is likely to result in an undesired variation of impedance. Because the cable 120 can include fixed physical attributes, the cable 120 can be manipulated eg, twisted in a helical manner, without introducing significant impedance deviations in the cable 120. The cable 120 can be wound in a helical fashion after being covered without introducing deviations of damaging impedances, including during its manufacture, testing, and installation procedures. Accordingly, the cable wiring length of the cable 120 can be changed after it has been covered. In some embodiments, the physical distances between the twisted double conductors 240 of the cable 120 change only by a predefined amount, even while the cable 120 is twisted in a helical manner. In some embodiments, the predefined amount is approximately 0.01 inches (0.254 mm). The physical characteristics of the generally closed cable 120 help to reduce the attenuation due to signal reflections because less signal strength is reflected at any point of impedance variation along the cable 120. Therefore, the configurations of the cable 120 facilitate the accurate and efficient propagation of high-speed data signals by minimizing changes in the physical characteristics of the cable 120 over its length. In addition, materials with beneficial and consistent dielectric properties are used on the conductors 300 to help minimize impedance variations on the length of the cable 120. Any variation in the physical attributes of the cable 120 over its length will improve any existing capacitive imbalance of the conductor. double twisted 240. The use of consistent dielectric materials reduces any capacitive inclination within twisted double conductors 240. Consequently, any physical variation will improve only minimized capacitive inclinations. Accordingly, using materials with consistent dielectrics close to the conductors 300 minimizes the effects of any physical variation on the cable 120. I. Limitations on the Cable Wiring Length The present cables 120 can be configured to reduce external crosstalk by minimizing the occurrence of parallel crossing points between adjacent cables 120. As mentioned above, the parallel crossing points between the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120 are a significant source of external crosstalk at high speed data rates. Parallel points occur when double twisted conductors 240 with identical or similar wiring lengths are adjacent to each other. To minimize parallel crossing points between adjacent cables 120, the cables 120 can be braided to dissimilar and / or variable wiring lengths. When the cable 120 is twisted in a helical manner, the lengths of wiring 240 ge according to the twist of the cable 120. Accordingly, the adjacent cables 120 can be wound in a helical fashion to dissimilar total wiring lengths of the cable 120 in order to differentiate the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 of one of the cables 120 of the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120. For example, Figure HA shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the adjacent cables 120-1 according to the third embodiment of the invention. Adjacent cables 120-1 shown in Figure HA include twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, and each twisted double conductor 240 having a predefined initial wiring length. Assuming none of the cables 120-1 shown in Figure HA has been subjected to full helical torque, the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 of the two cables 120-1 are the same. When the cables 120-1 are placed adjacent to each other, there will be parallel crossing points between the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120-1, e.g., the twisted double conductors 240d of each of the cables 120-1. The twisted parallel twisted conductors 240 undesirably increase the effects of external crosstalk between the cables 120-1, especially since the cables 120-1 are susceptible to engagement. However, the wiring lengths of the respective twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120-1 can be formed dissimilar to each other at any cross-sectional point along a predefined length of the cables 120-1. By applying different total torsion ratios to each of the cables 120-1, the cables 120-1 become different, and the initial wiring lengths of their respective twisted double conductors 240 ge to the resulting wiring lengths.

For example, Figure 11B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cables 120-1 of Figure HA after being twisted at different total torsion ratios. One of the twisted cables 120-1 is now referred to as the cable 120-1 ', while the other cables 120-1 twisted in a dissimilar manner are referred to as the cable 120-1' '. The cable 120-1 'and the cable 120-1' 'are now differentiated by their different lengths of cable cabling and their different lengths of cabling resulting from their respective twisted double conductors 240. The cable 120-1' includes the double conductors twisted 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, (collectively "double twisted conductors 240"), whose twisted double conductors 240 'include their resulting wiring lengths. The cable 120-1 '' includes the twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, (collectively "twisted double conductors 240") with their different resulting wiring lengths. The effects of the total twist of the cables 120-1 can be further explained by means of numerical examples. In some embodiments, the adjusted or resulting wiring lengths of twisted double conductors 240, measured in inches, can be obtained approximately by the following formula, wherein "1" represents the original wiring length of twisted double conductor 240, and "L" "represents the length of cable wiring: 12 / '= - 12 + -12 L l Assuming that the first of the cables 120-1 includes the twisted double conductor 240a with a predefined wiring length of 0.30 inches (7.62 mm), the twisted double conductor 240c with a predefined wiring length of 0.40 inches (10.16 mm), the double twisted conductor 240b with a predefined wiring length of 0.50 inches (12.70 mm), and twisted double conductor 240d with a predefined wiring length of 0.60 inches (15.24 mm), if the first 120-1 wire is twisted to a length of total cable wiring of 4.00 inches to become the cable 120-1 ', the predefined wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 are adjusted as follows: the resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 240a' becomes approximately 0.279 inches (7.087 mm), the resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 240c 'becomes approximately 0.364 inches (9.246), the resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 240b' becomes approximately 0.444 inches (11.278 mm), and the The resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 24Od 'becomes approximately 0.522 inches (13.259 mm). 1. Minimum Variation of Cable Wiring Adjacent cables 120, such as cables 120-1 in Figure HA, can be randomly or non-randomly braided to dissimilar wiring lengths, and the variation between their wiring lengths can be limited within certain ranges in order to minimize the occurrence of twisted double conductors 240 respectively parallel between the cables 120. In the previous example in which the first cable 120-1 is twisted to a wiring length of 4.00 inches (101.5 mm) to become the 120-1 'wire, a second 120-1 wire can be braided adjacent to a total dissimilar wiring length that varies at least to a minimum degree of 4.00 inches (102.6 mm) so that the resulting wiring lengths of its twisted double conductors 240 '' are not too close to become parallel to the double twisted conductors 240 'of the 120-1' wire. For example, the second cable 120-1 shown in FIG.

Figure HA can be braided to a wiring length of 3.00 inches (76.2 mm) to become the 120-1 '' wire. At a cable length of 3.00 inches (76.2 mm) for cable 120-1 '', the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors of cable 120-1 '' are converted to the following: 0.273 inches (6.934 mm) ) for the double twisted conductor 240a '', 0.353 inches (8.966 mm) for the twisted double conductor 240c '', 0.429 inches (10.897 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240b '', and 0.500 inches (12.7 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240d ''. Further variations between the cable wiring lengths of the adjacent cables 120-1 ', 120-1', result in an increase in the dissimilarity between the wiring lengths of the respective twisted double conductors 240 ', 240' 'respectively. of the cables 120-1 ', 120-1' '. Accordingly, the adjacent cables 120-1 shown in Figure HA should be braided to single wiring lengths that are not too similar to the average cable wiring lengths of each other along at least a predefined distance, such as a section of cable 120 of ten meters. By having cable wiring lengths that vary by at least a minimum variation, the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 are configured to be non-parallel or not to enter a certain range to become parallel. As a result, the external crosstalk between the cables 120 is minimized because the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 have dissimilar wiring lengths, while the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 are kept not too close to a parallel wiring situation. In some embodiments, the cable wiring lengths of the adjacent cables 120 vary no less than a predefined area from each other. In some embodiments, the adjacent cables 120 have individual cable wiring lengths that vary not less than the predefined degree of the individual wiring length of each calculated along at least a predefined distance of the generally extending section. longitudinal way. In some modalities, the predefined degree is approximately plus or minus ten percent. In some modalities, the predefined distance is approximately ten meters. 2. Maximum Variation of Cable Wiring Adjacent cables 120, such as cables 120-1 ', 120-1' 'shown in Figure 11B, can be configured to minimize external crosstalk having unique wiring lengths that do not vary beyond of a certain maximum variation. By limiting the variation between the wiring lengths of the adjacent cables 120-1 ', 120-1' ', the respective non-corresponding twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120-1', 120-1 '', eg, are prevented. the double twisted conductor 240b 'of the cable 120-1' and the double twisted conductor 240d '' of the cable 120-1 '' become approximately parallel. In other words, the cable wiring variation limit prevents the resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 240d '' of the cable 120-1 '' to become approximately equal to the resulting wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240a ' ', 240b' ', 240c' 'of cable 120-1'. The limitations to the wiring length can be configured such that each of the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 'of the cable 120-1' equal no more than one of the wiring lengths of the twisted double conductor 240"of the cable. cable 120-1 '' at any cross-sectional point along the longitudinal axes of the cables 120-1 ', 120-1' '. Therefore, the limit of maximum wiring variation of the cable maintains without changing too much the wiring lengths of the individual twisted double conductor 240 of the cables 120. If one of the adjacent cables 120 is twisted too tightly in comparison with the torsional ratio of another cable 120, then the non-corresponding twisted double conductors 240 of the adjacent cables 120 may become approximately parallel, which would undesirably increase the effects of external crosstalk between the adjacent cables 120. In the example given above in which cable 120-1 '' includes a total cable length of 4.00 inches (101.6 mm), cable 120-1"would twist too tightly if it were twisted in a helical fashion to a cable wiring length of approximately 1.71 inches (43.434 mm). At a cabling length of 1.71 inches (43.434 mm) the resulting wiring lengths of the twisted double conductors 240 '' of the cable 120-1 '' become the following: 0.255 inches (6.477 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240a '', 0.324 inches (8.230 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240c '', 0.287 inches (7.290 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240b '', and 0.444 inches (11.278 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240d ''. Although the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 ', 240' 'of the cables 120-1', 120.1 '' now have a greater variation in their resulting wiring lengths than they did when the 120-1 '' cable was twisted to 3.00 inches (76.2 mm), some of the twisted double conductors 240 ', 240' 'not corresponding to the cables 120.1', 120-1 '' have become approximately parallel. This increases the external crosstalk between the cables 120-1 ', 120-1' '. Specifically, the resulting wiring length of the twisted double conductor 240b 'of the cable 120-1' equals approximately the length of wiring resulting from the twisted double conductor 240d '' of the cable 120-1 ''. Accordingly, the cables 120 should be twisted in a helical manner so that their individual torsional ratios do not cause the twisted double conductors 240 between the cables 120 to become approximately parallel. This is especially important when the total cable wiring lengths increase or decrease gradually within the specified ranges, since parallel conditions may be evident at some point within the range. For example, the wiring lengths of the cable 120 can be limited to ranges that do not cause the wiring lengths of their twisted double conductors 240 to go beyond certain resulting wiring length limits. When twisting the wires 120 only within certain ranges of cable wiring lengths, the twisted twisted double conductors 240 of the wires 120 should not become approximately parallel. Accordingly, the adjacent cables 120 may be configured such that the length of wiring resulting from one of the twisted double conductors 240 equals no more than one of the resulting wiring lengths of the twisted double conductor 240 of the other cable 120. For example, only the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120 must have parallel wiring lengths. In some embodiments, the double twisted conductor 24Od of one of the adjacent cables 120 will not be parallel to the twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, and 240c of another of the adjacent cables 120. In some embodiments, the maximum limits of variation for the wiring length of the cables 120 are established in accordance with the maximum limits of variation for each of the twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120. For example, assuming that the first cable 120 includes the twisted double conductors 240a, 240b, 240c, 240d, with the following wiring lengths: 0.30 inches (7.62 mm) for the twisted double conductor 240a, 0.50 inches (12.7 mm) for the twisted double conductor 240c, 0.70 inches (17.78 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240b, and 0.90 inches (22.86 mm) for the double twisted conductor 240d, the twisting ratio of the first wire 120 may be limited by certain limits of maximum variation for the wiring lengths of the double conductors twisted 240 of the cable 120. For example, in some embodiments, the wiring length of the first cable 120 should not cause the wiring length of the conductor d Twisted obled 24Od is smaller than 0.81 inches (20,574 mm). The resulting wiring length of twisted double conductor 240b should not become smaller than 0.61 inches (15,494 mm). The resulting wiring length of twisted double conductor 240c should not become smaller than 0.41 inch (10.414 mm). By limiting the wiring lengths of twisted individual 240 conductors to certain unique ranges, twisted double conductors 240 not corresponding to cables 120 placed adjacently should not become aximately parallel. Consequently, the effects of external crosstalk are limited between the cables 120. Thus, the cables 120 can be configured to have cable wiring lengths within certain minimum and maximum limits. Specifically, the cables 120 should be braided each within a limited range by a minimum variation and maximum variation. The margin of least variation helps to prevent the corresponding twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120 from becoming aximately parallel. The range of maximum variation helps to prevent the non-twisted double conductors 240 of the cables 120 from becoming aximately parallel to each other, thereby reducing the effects of external crosstalk between the cables 120. 3. Random Twist of the Cable as discussed above, the cable 120 may be braided randomly or non-randomly along at least the predefined length. This not only encourages the maximization of the distance between the adjacent cables 120, it helps to ensure that the adjacently placed cables 120 do not have twisted double conductors 240 parallel to each other. At a minimum, the variable cable length of the cable 120 helps minimize instances of twisted parallel conductors 240. Preferably, the cable wiring length of the cable 120 varies through at least one predefined length, while remaining within the limits of maximum and minimum variation of the length of cable wiring, as discussed above. The cable 120 can be wound in a helical fashion to a length of continuously increased or continuously decreased wiring so that the wiring lengths of its twisted double conductors continuously increase or decrease continuously over the predefined length so that when the predefined length of the cables 120, of the double twisted conductors 240, is separated into two sub-sections, and the two sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then at any adjacency point for the sub-sections, the nearest twisted double conductor 240 for each one of the sub-sections has different wiring lengths. This reduces external crosstalk by ensuring that the twisted double conductors 240 between the adjacent cables 120 have different wiring lengths, i.e., are not parallel. When the cable 120 undergoes a total twist, a twisting ratio is uniformly applied to the twisted double conductors 240 at any particular point along the predefined length. However, because the initial wiring length is a factor in the equation discussed above, the change in the resulting wiring length of each of the twisted double conductors 240 will be slightly different. Figure 1 shows two adjacent cables 120 that individually twist at different wiring lengths. Figure 12 shows a diagram of a variation of the torsional ratio applied to the cable 120 according to one embodiment. The horizontal axis represents a length of the cable 120, separated into predefined lengths. The vertical axis represents the total twist adjustment of the cable 120. As shown in Figure 12, the torsional ratio is continuously increased over a certain length (v) of the cable 120, preferably over the predefined length. At the end of a certain length (Iv), the torsional ratio rapidly returns to a looser torsional relationship and increases continuously for at least the next predefined length (2v). This torsion pattern forms the toothed pattern shown in Figure 12. By varying the torque ratio as shown in Figure 12, any section of the cable 120 along the predefined length can be separated into sections, whose sections do not share an identical twist ratio. The length of cable wiring must be varied at least over the predefined length. Preferably, the predefined length equals at least about the length of a fundamental wavelength of a signal transmitted on the cable 120. This gives the fundamental wavelength a sufficient length to complete a complete cycle. The length of the fundamental wavelength depends on the frequency of the signal being transmitted. In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the fundamental wavelength is approximately three meters. In addition, it is well known that events of a cyclic nature are additive, and multiple wavelengths are needed to be if cyclical problems exist. However, by securing some form of randomization over a wavelength distance of one to three, cyclic problems can be minimized or even potentially eliminated. In some modalities, the inspection of longer wavelengths is necessary to ensure randomness. Thus, in some embodiments, the predefined length is at least about the length of a fundamental wavelength but not more than about the length of three fundamental wavelengths of a signal that is transmitted. Consequently, in some modalities, the predefined length is approximately three meters. In other modes, the predefined length is approximately ten meters. J. Performance Measurements In some embodiments, the cables 120 can propagate data in performance that reaches and exceeds 20 gigabits per second. In some embodiments, the Shannon capacity of a 120-length cable 120 is greater than about 20 gigabits per second without the operation of any external crosstalk mitigation with the digital signal processing. For example, in one embodiment, the wired group 100 comprises seven cables 120 positioned longitudinally adjacent to each other in about a length of one hundred meters. The cables 120 are arranged in such a way that a centrally placed cable 120 is surrounded by the other six cables 120. In this configuration, the cables 120 can transmit data signals at high speed at ratios reaching and exceeding 20 gigabits per second. . SAW. ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many embodiments and applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the invention must be determined, not with reference to the foregoing description, but is determined with reference to the appended claims, together with the full scope of the equivalents to which such claims relate. It is anticipated and intended that future developments in cable configurations will be presented, and that the invention will be incorporated in such future modalities.

Claims (42)

1. CLAIMS 1. A cable system for minimizing foreign crosstalk, comprising: a plurality of twisted double conductors, each of said twisted double conductors having an initial predefined wiring length, said twisted double conductors being helically twisted with respect to each other so that when a predefined length of said twisted double conductors is separated into two sub-sections, and said sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then at any point of the adjacency for said two sub-sections, the nearest twisted double conductor for each of said sub-sections it has different wiring lengths.
2. 2. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein said predefined length is defined as approximately equal to at least one fundamental wavelength but not more than three fundamental wavelengths of a signal that is being transmitted.
3. 3. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein said predefined length is at least three meters.
4. 4. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein said twisted double conductors are generally fixed in position with respect to each other.
5. 5. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein a sleeve is fixed on said twisted double conductors and said twisted double conductors are generally fixed in position with respect to each other.
6. 6. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein a jacket is applied over said twisted double conductors, and wherein the twisting of said jacket causes said helical twisting of said twisted double conductors with respect to each other.
7. 7. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein a filler is placed along said twisted double conductors.
8. A cable system as recited in claim 7, wherein the twisting of said filler causes said helical twisting of said twisted double conductors with respect to each other.
9. 9. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein a wiring length of each of said twisted double conductors is one of continuously increasing and decreasing continuously along said predefined length.
10. 10. A cable system for minimizing odd crosstalk, comprising: a plurality of twisted double conductors, said twisted double conductors being helically twisted with respect to each other along a predefined length, wherein a wiring length of each of said double twisted conductors is one of the continuously increased and the continuously decreased along said predefined length.
11. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein said wiring length of each of said twisted double conductors varies by approximately the same ratio at each point along said predefined length.
12. 12. A cable system as recited in claim 11, wherein said ratio is an amount of torsional deformation applied by said helical twist of said twisted double conductors.
13. A cable system as recited in claim 10, further comprising a filler placed along said twisted double conductors, said filler being helically twisted along said predefined length, wherein the length of filler wiring of said filling is one of the continuously increased and the continuously decreased along said predefined length.
14. 14. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein said predefined length is at least one fundamental wavelength of the signal being transmitted.
15. 15. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein said twisted double conductors are generally fixed in position with respect to each other.
16. 16. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein a sleeve is fixed on said twisted double conductors and said twisted double conductors are fixed in position with respect to each other.
17. 17. A cable system as recited in claim 16, wherein the air represents less than ten percent of the volume within said jacket over said predefined length.
18. 18. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein the sleeve is applied on said twisted double conductors, and wherein the twisting of said sleeve causes said helical twisting of said twisted double conductors with respect to each other.
19. 19. A cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein when said predefined length of said twisted double conductors is separated into two subsections, and said sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then at any point of the adjacency to said two sub-sections, the closest twisted double conductor for each of said sub-sections has different wiring lengths.
20. 20. A cable system for minimizing odd crosstalk, comprising: a plurality of twisted double conductors, each of said twisted double conductors having a length of wiring; and a sleeve applied on said twisted double conductors wherein the twisting of said sleeve causes the helical twisting of said twisted double conductors together.
21. 21. A cable system as recited in claim 20, wherein said wiring length of each of said twisted double conductors varies by approximately the same ratio at each point along a predefined length of said twisted double conductors.
22. 22. A cable system as recited in claim 21, wherein said ratio is the amount of torsional deformation applied by said twist of said liner.
23. 23. A cable system as recited in claim 20, wherein said wiring length of each of said twisted double conductors is one of continuously increasing or decreasing continuously along a predefined length.
24. 24. A cable system as recited in claim 20, further comprising a pad placed along said twisted double conductors, said pad being helically twisted along said twisted double conductors.
25. 25. A cable system as recited in claim 20, wherein the application of said sleeve on said twisted double conductors generally fixes said twisted double conductors in position.
26. 26. A cable system as recited in claim 20, wherein the application of said jacket on said twisted double conductors minimizes the amount of air near said twisted double conductors.
27. 27. A cable system as recited in claim 20, wherein when a predefined length of said twisted double conductors is separated into two sub-sections, and said sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then at any point of the Adjacency for said two sub-sections, the closest twisted double conductor for each of said sub-sections has different wiring lengths.
28. 28. A cable system to minimize foreign crosstalk, comprising: a twisted double conductor; and a padding comprising a base portion having radially extending legs and an extension for at least one of said legs, said twisted double conductor being adjacent said base portion, and said extension extending away from said base portion by a length of at least about a quarter of a diameter of said twisted double conductor.
29. 29. A cable system as recited in claim 28, wherein said base portion includes a radially extending length generally equal to the diameter of said twisted double conductor.
30. 30. A cable system as recited in claim 28, wherein said filler is twisted helically, such that said helical twist of said filler applies a ratio of torsional deformation to said twisted double conductor.
31. A cable system as recited in claim 28, wherein said twisted double conductor and said stuffing are twisted helically in relation to each other so that when a predefined length of said twisted double conductor is separated into two sub-sections, and said two sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then at any point of the adjacency for said two sub-sections, the closest twisted double conductor of each of said two sub-sections has different wiring lengths.
32. 32. A cable system as recited in claim 28, wherein said filler is helically twisted so that a length of wiring of said twisted double conductor is one of the continuously increased and the continuously decreased throughout of a predefined length.
33. 33. A cable system for minimizing foreign crosstalk, comprising: a padding comprising a base portion with radially extending legs each of said legs having a length generally equal to at least one diameter of a twisted double lead selectively positioned adjacent said pad, an extension for at least one of said legs, said extension extending radially outwardly of said leg a predetermined degree; a reference point of said leg defined as approximately half the diameter; and wherein said filler is helically twisted so that when a predefined length of said filler is separated into two sub-sections, and said two sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then the average distance between the closest reference points is at least half of said predefined grade.
34. 34. A cable system as recited in claim 33, wherein said filler is helically twisted so that a wiring length of each of said adjacent twisted double conductors is one of the continuously increased and the diminished in a manner continues along said predefined length.
35. 35. A cable system as recited in claim 33, wherein said helical twist of said filler applies a ratio of torsional deformation to said adjacent twisted double conductors, and a wiring length of each of said adjacent twisted double conductors varies by said ratio of torsional deformation.
36. 36. A cable system as recited in claim 33, wherein said helical twist of said filling discourages the packaging of said two adjacent sub-sections.
37. 37. A cable system as recited in claim 36, wherein said cable system includes two cables placed adjacent to each other with contact points and said helical twist of said filling causes an air space between said two cables to be of at least 0.1 times the diameter of at least one of said cables.
38. 38. A cable system as recited in claim 33, wherein said extension expands into a liner that covers said liner so that the amount of air within said liner is minimized.
39. 39. A cable system as recited in claim 38, wherein said jacket and said padding generally fix said adjacent twisted double conductors.
40. 40. A cable system for minimizing odd crosstalk, comprising: a plurality of twisted double conductors, each of said twisted double conductors having an initial predefined wiring length; and a filler placed along said twisted double conductors, said filler comprising a base portion with radially extending legs, each of said legs having a length generally equal to at least one diameter of one of said twisted double conductors selectively placed adjacent to said filling; an extension for at least one of said legs, said extension extending radially outwardly from said leg a predefined degree; a reference point of said leg defined as approximately half the diameter; wherein said twisted double conductors are wound helically with respect to each other over a total length of wiring which is one of the continuously increased and the continuously decreased over a predefined length such that when said predefined length of said twisted double conductors it is separated into two sub-sections, and two said sub-sections are placed adjacent to each other, then the average distance between the closest reference points is at least half of said predefined degree, and at any point of the adjacency for said two sub-sections, the nearest twisted double conductor for each of said two subsections has different wiring lengths.
41. 41. A cable system as recited in claim 40, wherein a sleeve is applied over said twisted double conductors, and wherein a twisting of said sleeve causes said helical twisting of said twisted double conductors with respect to each other.
42. 42. A cable system as recited in claim 40, wherein said predefined degree is at least a quarter of the diameter of one of said twisted double conductors.