CN1009124B - 内燃机热燃气导管 - Google Patents

内燃机热燃气导管

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Publication number
CN1009124B
CN1009124B CN88108762A CN88108762A CN1009124B CN 1009124 B CN1009124 B CN 1009124B CN 88108762 A CN88108762 A CN 88108762A CN 88108762 A CN88108762 A CN 88108762A CN 1009124 B CN1009124 B CN 1009124B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
conduit
outlet pipe
pipe
shell
screws
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Expired
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CN88108762A
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English (en)
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CN1034606A (zh
Inventor
汉斯·萨德曼斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen GmbH filed Critical MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen GmbH
Publication of CN1034606A publication Critical patent/CN1034606A/zh
Publication of CN1009124B publication Critical patent/CN1009124B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4264Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
    • F02F1/4271Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels with an exhaust liner
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4264Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
    • F02F2001/4278Exhaust collectors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

液冷外壳(13)内薄导管(11)的固定采用设在导管横截面内沿圆周分布的螺钉(16)。为安装螺钉,在导管壁上设支承块(17),其上有与螺钉相配的内螺纹孔。在装配状态下,在每支承块所在处,导管和外壳间有一径向间隙,拧紧螺钉后此间隙被消除。螺钉所在的横截面内,支承块间的导管壁段因此而变形,变形的大小相应于导管在工作温度下预期的热膨胀量。因此,在工作热状态下,导管中因热膨胀受阻而引起危及工作的约束力将不复存在。

Description

本发明涉及一种以某一间隔由液冷的外壳所包围的内燃机热燃气导管,在其薄壁结构的导管上设多个支承块,借助与承块共同工作的紧固件,将导管固定在外壳上。采用这种结构,可防止热燃气与用液体冷却的外壳直接接触,从而减少传给冷却剂的热量。
由联邦德国专利DE-GM8013256已知一种这类结构的热燃气导管。多个凸缘状的支承块沿纵向分布在薄壁导管的每一个纵向侧面上,并紧靠在液冷外壳相应的法兰面上。导管用垂直于法兰面拧入的螺钉固定。工作时的热燃气高温,使导管和外壳的热膨胀量有很大的差别,而固定装置只能补偿热膨胀差的一部分。未能被补偿的热膨胀产生约束压力,这一压力在材料中引起无法计算的应力。约束压力作用与内燃机工作时的负荷,如振动和燃气脉动,叠加在一起,形成了危及导管工作的应力。
本发明的目的是提出一种内燃机热燃气导管,使导管与液冷外壳之间的连接能可靠工作。
按本发明此目的是通过下列结构特点来达到的:导管和外壳的连接只在一个横截面中进行;在此横截面中至少设两个分布在导管圆周上的支承块;每个支承块上有一个与紧固件共同工作的径向固定装置;在装配状态下,导管在每个支承块的所在处,相对于外壳存在一个在紧固件作用下被消除的径向间隙。在将导管装入外壳中后,在各个支承块之间的壁段,至少在螺钉所在模截面两侧,由于拉应力而变形。此变形量的大小与工作温度下预期产生的热膨胀量相适应。导管在冷态产生的变形在受热后消失,从而去除了拉应力。导管的这种在一定意义上可以说是有计划的热膨胀,减少了约束力在材料中引起无法计算的应力的危险。本发明其它方面的内容为:支承块设计为导管上的刚性组成部分,支承块设计为可装在导管内的夹紧环上的组成部分,支承块在圆周上呈不对称分布;紧固件的固定装置设计为螺钉和内螺纹孔;紧固件和固定装置设计成卡口式连接型。
本发明所具有的优点特别是导管的变形是通过安装紧固件必然产生的;紧固件可以在外部加以控制;引起导管变形的间隙可在装配时具体测量,导管紧固件的制造成本低。
本发明的三个实施例表示在附图中,并在后面作详细说明。其中:
图1将有热燃气导管的废气透平在废气出口处按图2中之Ⅰ-Ⅰ线的局部横剖面图;
图2按图1中之Ⅱ-Ⅱ线通过导管固定平面的剖面图;
图3按图4中之Ⅲ-Ⅲ线装入了夹紧环的热燃气导管剖面图;
图4按图3中之Ⅳ-Ⅳ线通过导管固定平面的剖面图;
图5装有热燃气导管的内燃机在气缸废气出口处的局部横剖面图。
图6按图5中之Ⅵ-Ⅵ线通过导管固定平面的剖面图;
在废气透平12和排气管14之间,装有一根废气透平12的热排气接收导管11(图1和图2)。此薄壁结构的导管11的外面,围绕着用液体冷却的外壳13,导管11和排气管14固定在此外壳上。导管11和外壳13之间,在导管11的出口端15处,用四个设在同一横截面内的径向螺钉16连接起来。导管11的壁面上,在沿圆周分布有螺钉16的相应的横截面中,配置透镜状的支承块17,其上均制有与螺钉16相配的内螺纹孔。
当将导管11置入外壳13中时,在初始的装配状 态下,导管11在每个支承块17处其径向尺寸较小,而与外壳之间形成一个间隙。由于存在此间隙,故当螺钉16拧入固定块17的内螺纹中并拉紧时,通过导管11横截面轮廓的变形,将其在每个支承块17所在的部分拉向外壳。原先有的径向间隙因此而不复存在。螺钉16所在横截面内支承块17之间导管11的壁段,因此而变形成为图2中实线所示的轮廓。导管11上支承块17与外壳13之间造成变形的径向间隙的大小,应选择为使变形量能与导管11在工作温度下预期的热膨胀量相应。因此,导管11在工作温度下通过热膨胀使冷态时所产生的变形消失。于是,导管11在固定块17之间的壁段轮廓,成为如图2点划线所示的样子。热膨胀受到阻碍的情况将不再发生。在运转状态下,导管11因热膨胀受阻而产生危及工作的约束力也因此而减轻。
图6中举例表示的支承块17沿周向不均匀分布的结构,改善了导管11的振动特性。支承块17之间不等长的壁段有不同的自振频率,所以由脉动的排气流所激发导管11的振动,在这种情况下不会引起危及工作的共振。
图3和图4中表示了热排气导管11的第二种实施例,所涉及的内容与图1和图2所表示的情况相同。由图可见,导管11被设计成在其固定面中的壁面是平滑的,并在装配状态下与外壳13之间具有造成变形所需的间隙。在导管11的里面装入一个可拆的夹紧圈19,它通过沿径向突出的支承块17靠在导管11的内表面上。导管11和夹紧圈19在外壳13上的固定仍采用螺钉16,螺钉穿过导管11上的通孔,拧入支承块17中。如前面曾阐明的那样,导管11和夹紧圈19在拧紧螺钉16时将产生变形。这种结构的优点在于,导管11可设计成没有焊缝或只有较少量的焊缝。此外,导管11和夹紧圈19可选用不同的材料。
在图5和图6中表示了第三个实施例,其中表示了在内燃机气缸废气出口处液冷外壳13内的热废气导管11。导管11和外壳13之间的固定借助于两个配置在同一横截面内的径向螺钉16实现的。螺钉16所在的横截面大体上位于导管11长度的中央。为了安装螺钉16,导管11的壁面上配置了支承块17。如对图1和图2所示的实施例所作的说明那样,对于此第三个实施例,在冷态下,在每一个支承块17处的导管11和外壳13之间也存在着径向间隙。当拧紧螺钉16时,在支承块17之间的导管11壁段受拉应力而变形。在螺钉16所在的固定面中,支承块17之间的导管11所形成的横截面轮廓,与图2中对于冷态和工作时的热态下所描述的情况相同。
支承块17构成子沿径向从导管11的外圆周突出的两个凸肩19、20,它们与外壳13上相应的凹槽18配合工作,通过凸肩使导管11轴向定位。

Claims (6)

1、内燃机用的排气管,它由薄壁构成,并气密地外罩着一个由液体冷却的与排气管有一间距的外壳,在接合处仅以一个断面可拆卸地固定在外壳上,其特征是由固定处的紧固件(16)拉紧而引起非固定区排气管(10)外围的凹缩变形通过工作温度下的热膨胀的补偿而得到恢复。
2、根据权利要求1的排气管,其特征是,固定处具有突起(17)。
3、根据权利要求2的排气管,其特征是,凸起(17)被设计成排气管(11)的紧固部分。
4、根据权利要求2的排气管,其特征是,突起(17)被设计成可插入排气管(11)内的夹紧环(19)上的组成部分。
5、根据权利要求1的排气管,其特征是,固定处在圆周上呈非对称分布。
6、根据权利要求4的排气管,其特征是,紧固件为螺栓(16),它啮合在突起(17)的螺纹中。
CN88108762A 1987-12-23 1988-12-23 内燃机热燃气导管 Expired CN1009124B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3743851.4 1987-12-23
DE3743851A DE3743851C1 (de) 1987-12-23 1987-12-23 Abgasleitung fuer eine Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1034606A CN1034606A (zh) 1989-08-09
CN1009124B true CN1009124B (zh) 1990-08-08

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ID=6343463

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN88108762A Expired CN1009124B (zh) 1987-12-23 1988-12-23 内燃机热燃气导管

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US (1) US5022227A (zh)
EP (1) EP0348451B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH02502470A (zh)
KR (1) KR930011562B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1009124B (zh)
DE (2) DE3743851C1 (zh)
SU (1) SU1766274A3 (zh)
WO (1) WO1989005911A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4021326C1 (zh) * 1990-07-04 1991-09-05 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh
DE4229467A1 (de) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-10 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Lagereinrichtung für die Abgassammelleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine
US5408828A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-04-25 General Motors Corporation Integral cast diffuser for a catalytic converter
AT413130B (de) * 2003-09-23 2005-11-15 Ge Jenbacher Ag Brennkraftmaschine
CN102943716A (zh) * 2012-11-29 2013-02-27 河南创世电机科技有限公司 一种通用小型汽油机高功率用气缸盖
AT522795B1 (de) * 2019-10-07 2021-02-15 Avl List Gmbh Zylinderkopf einer brennkraftmaschine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE926578C (de) * 1952-04-13 1955-04-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum Verhindern des Anlaufens von verchromten Auspuff-rohrkruemmern fuer Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere fuer Kraftraeder
US3908369A (en) * 1974-05-06 1975-09-30 Clark Equipment Co Turbo-supercharger exhaust
DE2602434A1 (de) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Daimler Benz Ag Im zylinderkopf einer brennkraftmaschine befindliche gasfuehrungskanaele und deren herstellung
US4086763A (en) * 1976-04-13 1978-05-02 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermal reactor system for internal combustion engine
US4197704A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-04-15 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust manifold for internal combustion engine
DE2744964A1 (de) * 1977-10-06 1979-04-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Abgasleitungssystem fuer mehrzylindrige hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschinen
DE8013256U1 (de) * 1980-05-16 1986-10-02 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Abgassammelleitung für Brennkraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern
US4430856A (en) * 1981-11-13 1984-02-14 Deere & Company Port liner and method of assembly
DE3635478C1 (de) * 1986-10-18 1988-02-11 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Abgasleitung fuer eine aufgeladene,mehrzylindrige Brennkraftmaschine

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Publication number Publication date
US5022227A (en) 1991-06-11
SU1766274A3 (ru) 1992-09-30
WO1989005911A1 (en) 1989-06-29
EP0348451A1 (de) 1990-01-03
DE3743851C1 (de) 1989-05-03
JPH02502470A (ja) 1990-08-09
KR930011562B1 (ko) 1993-12-11
CN1034606A (zh) 1989-08-09
KR900700748A (ko) 1990-08-16
DE3868059D1 (de) 1992-03-05
JPH0411726B2 (zh) 1992-03-02
EP0348451B1 (de) 1992-01-22

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