CN1008360B - Fibre-optic hermetic coating - Google Patents
Fibre-optic hermetic coatingInfo
- Publication number
- CN1008360B CN1008360B CN 85104315 CN85104315A CN1008360B CN 1008360 B CN1008360 B CN 1008360B CN 85104315 CN85104315 CN 85104315 CN 85104315 A CN85104315 A CN 85104315A CN 1008360 B CN1008360 B CN 1008360B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- coating
- metal
- liquid medium
- nickel
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
Provide the two layers of outer hermetic coating for a kind of optical fiber that just draws out from optical precast product.Primary coat is with for example a kind of TCD thermochemical deposition of non-homogeneous coring (HNTD) a kind of metallic coating that method provided.This kind HNTD method is to make optical fiber by a reaction zone that contains a kind of gaseous media.This kind gaseous media includes the mixture of a kind of reactant or several reactants, and reactant decomposes under preset temperature, and mixture reacts under preset temperature.And the formation coated material.Second kind of coating is to provide by optical fiber being immersed in the deposition bath that contains liquid medium, and this liquid medium contains a kind of reactant at least, can form secondary coating on the sedimentary primary coat.
Description
The invention relates to the coating process of glassiness optical fiber (hereinafter to be referred as optical fiber), specially refer to a kind of like this coating process, it is right after after being drawn into optical fiber carries out, and it can reduce the wearing and tearing of optical fiber and the interaction of optical fiber and environment, the storage and the work-ing life of improving optical fiber simultaneously.
Glassiness optical fiber has very high-tensile in its initial formation stage.After use after a while or storing, just may under the tension stress effect that is significantly less than this optical fiber nominal pristine tensile strength, rupture.One of reason that causes this fracture is so-called static fatigue, and promptly the optical fiber surface defective is expanded and the formation tiny crack along the periphery of this glass material.A kind of like this generation of fatigue is because the glass surface of optical fiber has water molecules and hydroxyl at least in part.It is because the glass surface of optical fiber has water molecules and hydroxyl that fiber section ground in this kind water erosion.Optical fiber surface in this kind water erosion, and the weak bond that causes rupturing under stress forms.
For the two material of fuse and covering is the so-called full glassiness optical fiber of glass entirely, the lip-deep water molecules of outer glass exists, often facilitate the glass structure of this outside upper layer after after a while, significantly to weaken, cause optical fiber under such stress, to rupture, and this stress can not cause this fibercuts when not having water or water vapour.
At the forming operation of optical fiber for example in the wire-drawing operation, this holohyaline optical fiber being right after after it is shaped, is coated with the polymkeric substance with one deck silicone resin class, promptly in order to be maintained its initial strength, also for the ease of handling usually.Though silicone material can prevent grit effectively and contact with the glass outer surface of optical fiber, but it quite easily is the water infiltration.Expose for some time in air after, under common water vapor concentration, water reacts with the glass outer surface with regard to this silicone material layer of porous, causes above-mentioned harmful result.
Identical static fatigue mechanism also is found in plastic-clad optical fiber, and the core material of this optical fiber is silica glass or other glass, and covering is then with silicone material or other polymkeric substance.
In order to overcome the infiltration problem of water, above kind of type optical fiber adopted a kind of method that applies one deck thermoplastic resin on the silicone material layer again.Although the thermoplasticity cover on topped the extrusion molding of silicone resin material layer, can reduce water to a certain extent and penetrate layer of silicone, but water still porous is crossed this thermoplastic overcoat and is arrived the silicone material layer, and arrives at the surface of core material glass through this, so still can reduce the intensity of core material glass.
Replace adopting the another kind of method of silicone material processing to be, to the optical fiber that initially is drawn into, be coated with metallic substance, or be coated with dielectric material, the surface of this optical fiber and surrounding environment are isolated with stratification silicon or stannic oxide with layer of aluminum or nickel and so on.Such sealing technology can be finished with chemical vapour deposition (CVD method).Yet this kind CVD method has some shortcomings, and for example, the coating particles that forms by gas phase media can collide initial glass optical fiber and cause surface damage; Inhomogeneous and oarse-grained coated material of coat-thickness etc.
By a kind of coring TCD thermochemical deposition heterogeneous (HNTD) method, can eliminate the interaction of degree of being coated with particle and optical fiber surface, and can on optical fiber surface, obtain a kind of initial hermetic coating, thereby prevent that fiber strength from reducing in its lifetime.This HNTD method can be a kind of metallic membrane or deielectric-coating coated to optical fiber surface.The big factors that adopts the HNTD method to consider is the surface temperature and the depositing time of optical fiber.If the surface temperature of optical fiber can keep suitablely, the thickness of this primary coat can be very thin, and promptly when drawing speed of optical fiber was about minutes 20～40 meters, the thickness of this precoated layer can be much smaller than 1 micron.In order to keep resistance to air loss, preferably adopt thicker coating.
By the above, first purpose of the present invention is to avoid the shortcoming in the prior art.
More particularly, second purpose of the present invention is to develop a kind of coating process, forms the suitable film of all even thickness of one deck on the surface of optical fiber, so that hermetic seal to be provided.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to provide the hermetic coating of adequate thickness to optical fiber, to guarantee physical strength.
The 4th purpose of the present invention is to develop a kind of equipment of realizing aforesaid method.
The 5th purpose of the present invention is to make the aforesaid device in the consideration, and be simple in structure, cheap, reliable.
The 6th purpose of the present invention is the equipment design of the above-mentioned type become can deposit hermetic coating on optical fiber and do not reduce the physical strength of optical fiber.
Follow above-mentioned and other purpose, from hereinafter can seeing clearly, method and apparatus provided by the present invention is used in and is right after optical fiber and it is carried out airtight package after being shaped.This can provide two coating films to realize to optical fiber, and these two kinds of retes all are metallic.
One of characteristics of the present invention promptly are to provide a kind of method that forms secondary coating, optical fiber is bathed by the liquid deposition that contains a kind of liquid medium, and this kind liquid medium includes a kind of reagent at least, can form secondary coating on primary coat in predetermined temperature deposit.
Contrast appended figure and vide infra description, just can more be expressly understood above-mentioned or other characteristics and the purpose of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the schematic side view of equipment used when producing a kind of coating optical fibre according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 are similar, but what show is the structure that equipment among the present invention a kind of improved;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the optical fiber that goes out according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 device fabrication.
Referring to accompanying drawing, we indicate identical parts with identical reference number in detail, and the equipment list that is used on optical fiber forming initial and secondary coating is shown among Fig. 1, generally is marked with reference number 1.Among Fig. 1, draw out optical fiber 4 by the drawing wire machine 2 of the equipment of being installed in 1 end, this optical fiber 4 promptly carries out hermetic seal in drawing process, and the equipment that forms primary coat on optical fiber is plotted among Fig. 1, generally is marked with reference number 30.Among Fig. 2, draw out optical fiber 4 from prefabricated rods 2 by the drawing wire machine 22 that is installed in initial reactor 8 ends.Optical fiber 4 draws in a fiber drawing furnace 3 in the usual way.Be housed in that part of prefabricated rods 3 in the fiber drawing furnace 3, adopt hot gas, the heating of usual manners such as plasma flame or radiation heating.
The optical fiber that has been shaped 4 shown in Fig. 3 is to be under its final state form, at this moment it comes out from curing oven 20, the optical fiber 40 that comprises glass or analogous material system, by the initial airtight metallic coating 41 that for example from initial reaction chamber 8, prepares with heterogeneous nucleus heat-transmission chemical process, the secondary metals coating 42 that the method that is proposed by the present invention is prepared and a kind of exterior coating 43 of organic materials, the latter produces in polymeric coating device 18 and solidifies in a curing oven 20.
After optical fiber is pulled out from solid preform, promptly keep its initial optical fiber surface to make it to be easy to dispose by a polymeric coating device, this point is identical with the practice in the common drawing process.Like this, primary coat of the present invention and secondary coating technology just must be carried out between fiber drawing furnace 3 and polymeric coating device 18.
Continuation is right after optical fiber and leaves after the fiber drawing furnace 3 referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, just is coated with on its outer surface and is covered with primary coat.The optical fiber 4 that newly draws out must be equipped with this primary coat 21 before it is subjected to bringing any appreciable damage because of environmental influence.For realizing this purpose, fiber drawing furnace 3 and reactor 8 or a top that is positioned at another perhaps add a public cover and form a structural unit (seeing Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2), then can be provided with one and ensure Abschirmblech 5 between fiber drawing furnace 3 and reactor 8.Optical fiber 4 promptly passes through the inside of this Abschirmblech 5 then, and avoids the influence of environment thus.The advantage of a uniqueness of a kind of structure formation in back is, but among this Abschirmblech 5 fit on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 with 7 a kind of diameter controllers of indicating, to monitor wire-drawing operation.
Apply a kind of method of this kind primary coat, it is a unsettled patent (series number: 382 that adopts D.R.Biswas and D.K.Nat h two people application, on May 28th, 8561982 proposed) described in, heterogeneous nucleus heat-transmission electroless plating (HNTD) method is now enrolled this patent as a reference.In present method, make the inside of optical fiber 4 by reaction chamber 8, this reaction chamber has an inlet portion 9 to admit reactant gas, has one to discharge oral area 10 discharge remaining reactants gases simultaneously.This kind reactant gas is or comprises a reactant or material at least that the latter just discharge the hermetic coating material, and this material will be coated onto the outside of optical fiber 4 in the initial reaction chamber 8 at least when being heated to certain temperature.As we can see from the figure, reactant gases flow through initial reactor 8 direction with optical fiber 4 by reactor 8 progressive direction unanimities.
The volatile metal compounds of forming above-mentioned reagent produces steam through evaporation.In order to realize this kind evaporation, can heat a kind of volatile compound, make a kind of not reactant gases by or cross volatile compound, and on optical fiber surface, be reacted into metal simultaneously immediately in deposition.Any volatile byproducts must be discharged by relief outlet 10.
Can power taking the preheater 6 of resistance process furnace, quartzy heating unit or any other appropriate device form, be shown among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.When essential, can have a well heater.Assembled heater why only is when dropping under the temperature levels of deposition primary coat necessity for the surface temperature when optical fiber, to be used for improving this surface temperature.
Because we had described the process that forms primary coat with the HNTD method, obviously, this method also can be used for the optical fiber with any other suitable means coated with metal film, as long as this metallic membrane can and adhere to secondary coating for deposition basic prerequisite is provided, make the latter have certain intensity, and all even package is tight.
Continuation can be seen referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, has obtained the optical fiber 11 of initial hermetic coating in reactor 8, is conducted through Abschirmblech 5 and enters a liquid deposition bath apparatus 12.In Fig. 1, optical fiber 11 imports liquid deposition bath apparatus 12 by after the initial reactor; In Fig. 2, optical fiber 11 imports liquid deposition bath apparatus 12 after leaving drawing wire machine 22.Liquid deposition bath apparatus 12 comprises heating unit 13, whipping appts 14, inlet 15 and outlet 16 heating units 13 can be a hot plate, resistance heating coil or any other device, and they will remain to the temperature of liquid deposition device in solution the ionization material and metal ion is deposited to necessary temperature on the primary coat.The important factor that need consider when the temperature levels that maintains liquid deposition bath device is the deposition secondary coating.The necessary liquid deposition bath temperature of various metallic coatings is given in the table I and shows in the II.
Whipping appts 14 desirable any forms, it will order about 12 motions of liquid deposition bath apparatus, thereby make ionizing element uniform distribution in whole solution, will be deposited as more uniform coating.
Secondary coating 42 can adopt metal ingredient, and it is identical or inequality that it can will deposit to the metal ingredient of the primary coat 41 on it with it.
Can adopt a kind of electrodip process or a kind of " nothing " sedimentation, realize from liquid medium fibre coating.So-called electroless deposition craft is the technology skill of coming metal refining without electrode.
In the time will handling the optical fiber of long size, preferably adopt the depositing operation of " nothing ", be able on the whole length of coating apparatus, be maintained the successive drawing speed.
Referring to Fig. 1, in electroless deposition craft, from liquid deposition bathe coating deposited directly coated on the metal matter primary coat of optical fiber.This primary coat then can deposit with HNTD method or any other proper method.
The electroless deposition of nickel is by the hypophosphite negatively charged ion in the aqueous solution, to the nickel cation under the high temperature have the autocatalytically of control be reduced to the basis.Possible reaction process is:
The hypophosphite ion has carried out the dehydrogenation processing existing under the condition of water.Active hydrogen makes nickel ion be reduced to metallic nickel.No electropaining layer can form homogeneous thickness on all parts of optical fiber.Apply suitable rete and be fine and close and usually be less relatively pore.Such coating also often demonstrates very high resistance to fouling.
Below the table I listed that " nothings " be coated with nickel, iron and nickel-ferro alloy be coated with the bath composition.Here, the correct temperature that is coated with bath remains and requires to guarantee that this secondary coating can reasonably deposit.Carry out the sedimentary bath temperature that is coated with, be about 194 °F for nickel; Be about 170～195 °F for iron; Be about 70～80 °F for Rhometal.
The table I
Electroless deposition on the original metal coating
Metal be coated with bathe to form bathe temperature (°F) the pH value
Ni NiCl
2-6H
2O 194 4～6
NaH
2PO
2
Fe FeSO
4-6H
2O 170～195 8～10
Rochelle salt
NaH
2PO
2
Ni-Fe alloy NiSO
4-6H
2O 70～80 4～8
FeSO
4-6H
2O
Trisodium Citrate
As seen from Figure 1, after the optical fiber that has had two kinds of coatings of initial and secondary comes out from liquid deposition bath 12, be conducted through the inside of polymeric coating device 18.This polymeric coating device 18 has conventional structure, there is no need to discuss its details here again.Need only point out that the following fact is just passable, promptly have the organic materials film of polymkeric substance one class at least, append on the above-mentioned hermetic coating that in reactor 8 and liquid deposition bath apparatus 12, forms.Behind the optical fiber 41 coated this polymeric coatings 43, promptly polymeric coating is solidified therein, need heating here especially, make this coating can obtain desired character by curing oven.Curing oven also is common structure formation, does not intend describing herein.At last, the optical fiber of new coating 21 arrives wire-drawing mechanism or spools 22, and will twine thereon, at least as the usefulness of provisional seasoning.
Referring to Fig. 2, in electrodip process, liquid deposition is bathed 12 be equipped with current source 24, be able on the original metal coating, form the secondary metals coating.
In this technology, optical fiber preferably is in static state.So optical fiber will continue to be drawn and around to wire-drawing mechanism 22, begin up to the galvanic deposit operation, at this moment, optical fiber is cut into the length that adapts with liquid bath 12 with shut-off device 23.Therefore, the short fiber of about 1 meter length is particularly suitable for this technology.
In order to make electric current pass through this liquid deposition bath apparatus, be provided with two electrodes, the cathode connection end is connected on the metal sheet 26, and hangs the optical fiber of short length from here.Can with identical desiring give the metal of coating or other can play the conductor effect but be not subjected to this bathe in any other material of compounds affect make anode connection end 25.Comprise nickel, chromium or iron or be fit to adhere to any other metal on the original metal coating 41 by the metal that is coated with out in bathing.Following table II has provided the composition of bath and the anode material of nickel, chromium and iron.The table II has also been listed the temperature of reaction of nickel, chromium and iron.Optical fiber enters the surface temperature of liquid deposition bath apparatus 12 should be in room temperature, so that some reaction conditionss, for example the ionic concn in the position of deposition secondary coating 42 can not be adversely affected.
By changing various parameters, for example ionogen is formed, the overvoltage of ionic concn, current density and anode and negative electrode, thickness, homogeneity and adhesion characteristics that just can more accurate control secondary metals coating.The table II has also been listed the preferable current density and the pH value of these three kinds of given metals.In addition, receive the geometrical shape change of the container that liquid deposition bathes but hold, so that the ionic flux of adjacent fiber surf zone changes.Solution in bathing is stirred and can be moved by the increase ionic, thereby improved sedimentation rate, also just strengthened coat-thickness.
The table II
Galvanic deposit on the original metal coating
Metal be coated with bathe to form bathe temperature (°F) pH current density anode
(peace/square
Foot)
Ni NiSO
4-6H
2O 130 2～5 10～60 nickel
NiCl
2-6H
2O (cast
Or calendering)
Boric acid
Cr CrO
3110～120 100 lead
H
2SO
4(60%
SbSn）
Fe FeSO
4-7H
2O 100 4.5～6.0 500～100 soft steel
FeCl
2-4H
2O
In case of necessity, the short size optical fiber 17 that obtains initial and secondary coating can be passed through the inside of polymeric coating device 18 again, make and apply last layer organic materials film at least.Be coated with apply polymeric film 43 after, make optical fiber 19 by curing oven 20, polymeric coating is solidified therein.
After we have described principle of the present invention in the above in conjunction with Special Equipment, be clearly realize that this description just explains by way of example, rather than invent in the future the scope that listed purpose and appended figure also are confined to these examples.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method of producing cated optical fiber comprises:
From pulling optical fiber preform;
The optical fiber that has just drawn is coated the original metal coating;
Be characterised in that this method also comprises the steps:
A kind of liquid medium that contains metal ingredient is provided in a container;
Add a kind of reactant in this liquid medium, it can bring out from the aforesaid liquid medium under a preset temperature and disengage metal;
Make the optical fiber that has the original metal coating enter this liquid medium, simultaneously liquid medium is heated to predetermined temperature, and keeps this temperature, make the original metal coating of above-mentioned optical fiber deposit second metallic coating that constitutes by this metal ingredient again.
2, according to the method for claim 1, the metal that is characterised in that above-mentioned metal ingredient is selected from a kind of in nickel, iron, the nickel-ferro alloy.
3,, be characterised in that when above-mentioned metal is nickel this predetermined temperature is 194 °F according to the method for claim 2.
4,, be characterised in that when above-mentioned metal is iron this predetermined temperature is 170 °F to 195 °F according to the method for claim 2.
5,, be characterised in that when above-mentioned metal is nickel-ferro alloy this predetermined temperature is 70 °F to 80 °F according to the method for claim 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85104315 CN1008360B (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1985-06-07 | Fibre-optic hermetic coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/624,643 US4592932A (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1984-06-26 | Hermetic coating for an optical fiber |
| CN 85104315 CN1008360B (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1985-06-07 | Fibre-optic hermetic coating |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85104315A CN85104315A (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| CN1008360B true CN1008360B (en) | 1990-06-13 |
Family
ID=25741733
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85104315 Expired CN1008360B (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1985-06-07 | Fibre-optic hermetic coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1008360B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106637938B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of preparation facilities and method of carbon fiber surface metal aluminized coating |
| CN111061003B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-05-14 | 江苏师范大学 | Semiconductor germanium core-metal-glass cladding composite material mid-infrared optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
-
1985
- 1985-06-07 CN CN 85104315 patent/CN1008360B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN85104315A (en) | 1986-12-03 |
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