CN1006060B - 超轻陶粒及其配制方法 - Google Patents

超轻陶粒及其配制方法 Download PDF

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CN1006060B
CN1006060B CN86106748.7A CN86106748A CN1006060B CN 1006060 B CN1006060 B CN 1006060B CN 86106748 A CN86106748 A CN 86106748A CN 1006060 B CN1006060 B CN 1006060B
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杨丽炫
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KUNMING RESEARCH INST OF BUILDING MATERIAL SCIENCE
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Abstract

超轻陶粒及其配制方法。本发明的超轻陶粒是用露天煤矿剥离物(黄、红土和泥岩),不用外加剂或选用硅藻土或粉煤灰、砂为外加剂,加入适量的水后成型,经预热后再经高温焙烧,冷却即可制成松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。该陶粒是带有一层烧结外壳的多泡体。它具有多种功能,施工适应性强,用它配制的轻混凝土及其制品具有轻质、高强、保温性能佳,抗震效果好等优点。

Description

超轻陶粒及其配制方法
本发明是以露天煤矿采煤剥离物(泥岩和表土)为原料生产的超轻陶粒或轻质陶粒及其配制方法。
在轻骨料生产中,用作墙体或结构保温的轻骨料混凝土要求所用的陶粒,松散容重应<500kg/m3,而我国现阶段生产的陶粒,松散容重大,多数为700~800kg/m3,不轻不重,经济效益不明显。国外丹麦的LeCa陶粒松散容重为250~400kg/m3,但对原料的要求高,原料中SiO2的含量>48%〔《安徽建材》84,NO.3,p1.~p.11〕。此外,从有关资料报导来看,烧制陶粒的煤矸石,其软代温度t2与变形温度t1之差(t2-t1)为50~310℃〔C·A·84:110492d」。1982年以来,新疆、安徽等地研制出了300~400级超轻陶粒,不过所用原料的CaO和MgO百分含量的总和均<5%。
我国可保煤矿是露天开采的煤矿,煤层上的覆盖物为第四系黄土、红土层和 <math><msup><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>8</mi></msup><mi>1</mi></msub></math> 层泥岩,采煤时经剥离后作为废弃物,长期堆积占用土地、污染环境。能否用采煤剥离物为原料,烧制轻骨料混凝土所用的超轻陶粒?这是一个值得研究的课题。可保煤矿剥离物大部分矿样的SiO2含量偏低<48%,CaO和MgO的百分含量总和>5%,而软化温度T1与变形温度T1之差(T2-T1)大多小于50℃,这些都是必须突破的技术难点。现有技术中,尚无一种以可保煤矿剥离物(泥岩和表土)为原料生产的超轻陶粒及其合适的配制方法。
本发明的目的在于提供一种以采煤剥离物为原料,尤其是以我国可保煤矿的剥离物(泥岩和表土)为原料生产的超轻陶粒及其有效的配制方法。
本发明的内容和实施方法,现详细叙述如下:
本发明按泥岩原料中CaO和MgO百分含量总和的不同,分别提供以下四种组份的超轻陶粒:(1)泥岩10~90%、表土10~90%、各组份的总和为100%(重量)。泥岩中CaO+MgO<10%,该陶粒的颗粒容重为0.4~0.6g/cm3、松散容重250~400kg/m3。(2)泥岩95~99%、硅藻土(或粉煤灰)1~5%、各组份的总和为100%(重量)。泥岩中CaO+MgO<5%、该陶粒的颗粒容重为0.4~0.6g/cm3、松散容重250~400kg/m3。(3)泥岩85~98%、硅藻土1~5%、砂1~10%、各组份的总和为100%(重量)。泥岩中CaO+MgO<10%,该陶粒的颗粒容重为0.6~0.9g/cm3、松散容重300~600kg/m3。(4)泥岩10~80%、表土10~80%、砂1~10%各组份的总和为100%(重量)。泥岩中CaO+MgO<10%、该陶粒的颗粒容重为0.5~1.0g/cm3、松散容重为300~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
本陶粒的配制方法是:
1.对本身具有良好膨胀性能、CaO和MgO的百分含量总和小于5%的泥岩原料,将其破碎、过0.3mm筛孔,得到颗粒大小<0.3mm的颗粒;在颗粒中掺入1~5%的硅藻土或粉煤灰、湿化处理、用成球机成球。所得的料球不经干燥,于350~450℃予热10~25分钟后,在1050~1200℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即可得到颗粒容重为0.4~0.6g/cm3、松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为450~550kg/m3的轻质陶粒
2.将10~90%的、CaO+MgO<10%的块状泥岩与10~90%的表土混和,湿化处理3~5天,使原料泥块吸水后,僵块松散,含水均匀;混匀混合料,用成球机成球,在温度350~450℃的条件下予热10~30分钟,在1050~1150℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即制成颗粒容重为0.5~1.0g/cm3松散容重为300~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
3.将采煤剥离物中膨胀性能不均的泥岩、混匀、破碎、过筛、得到颗粒大小<0.3mm的泥岩颗粒,在颗粒中掺入1~5%的硅藻土和1~10%的砂,湿化处理,拌均匀后,成球。料球于350~450℃予热10~30分钟,在1050~1200℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即可得到颗粒容重为0.6~0.9g/cm3、松散容重300~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为400~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
4.将10~80%的、CaO+MgO<10%的块状泥岩与10~80%的表土、1~10%的砂相互混合、湿化处理3~5天,使原料泥块吸水后、僵块松散,含水均匀;混匀混合料,用成球机成球,在温度350~450℃的条件下予热10~30分钟,在1050~1150℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即制成颗粒容重为0.5~1.0g/cm3、松散容重为300~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
本发明利用采煤过程中排出的剥离物,不加外加剂或选用廉价易得的外加剂,烧制超轻陶粒,其工艺简单、成本低。原料经过适当调配后,可制得松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒,如精心配料甚至可制得松散容重为180kg/m3的超轻陶粒,调整焙烧温度及其配料比,也可制得松散容重为500~600kg/m3的结构保温用的轻质陶粒。同时,本发明以采煤时的废弃物为原料,变废为宝、有利于矿藏资源的综合利用,减少环境污染。特别是本发明提出的一整套有效的配制方法,较好地解决了原料中SiO2含量偏低,CaO和MgO的百分含量总和>5%、软化温度范围较窄的技术难点。为采煤剥离物(泥岩和表土),尤其是为我国可保煤矿的剥离物提供了一条很有发展前景的用途。本发明研制成功的超轻陶粒或轻质陶粒,具有多种功能,施工适应性强,用它配制的轻混凝土及其制品具有轻质、高强、保温性能佳、抗震效果好等优点,用途广泛,经济效益显著。
实例1.
将本身具有良好膨胀性能的、CaO和MgO的百分含量总和<5%的泥岩粉碎至小于0.3mm的颗粒,掺入2%的硅藻土;随后加入混合料总重量25~40%的水,拌合均匀后成球,料球于400℃予热20分钟,在1050~1140℃焙烧5-10分钟,可制得颗粒容重为0.3~0.6g/cm3、松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒。
实例2.
把CaO与MgO百分含量总和<10%的泥岩按6∶4的比例与表土混匀,湿化处理成型于400℃予热20分钟,在1050~1140℃焙烧5~10分钟,可制得颗粒容重为0.4~0.8g/cm3,松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
实例3.
将CaO与MgO的百分含量总和<5%的泥岩与40%的黄土混匀,加水塑化成球后于400℃予热20分钟,在1050~1140℃焙烧8分钟,可制得颗粒容重为0.28~0.65g/cm3,松散容重为180~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒。
实例4.
将CaO与MgO百分含量总和<10%的泥岩与19%的表土,1%砂混匀加水塑化成球后于400℃予热20分钟,在1050~1140℃焙烧5分钟可制得松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒。

Claims (13)

1、一种超陶粒或轻质陶粒的配制方法,其特征是:
(1)以我国可保煤矿剥离物中的块状泥岩10~90%,破碎处理与表土10~90%混合均匀,然后湿化处理;
(2)用成球机成球,在温度350~450℃下予热10~30分钟,在1050~1150℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即制成颗粒容重为0.5~1.0g/cm3,松散容重为300~400kg/cm3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为500~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
2、一种超轻陶粒或轻质陶粒的配制方法,其特征在于:
(1)将我国可保煤矿的泥岩破碎,过筛,掺入1~5%的硅藻土或粉煤灰,湿化处理,用成球机成球;
(2)料球于350~450℃温度予热10~25分钟后,在1050~1200℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即可得到颗粒容重为0.4~0.6g/cm3、松散容重为250~400kg/m3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为450~550kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
3、一种超轻陶粒或轻质陶粒的配制方法,其特征是:
(1)将我国可保煤矿剥离物中膨胀性能不均的泥岩混匀、破碎、过筛,得到粉粒泥岩;
(2)在上述粉粒中掺入1~5%的硅藻土和1~10的砂,湿化处理,拌均匀后成球;
(3)料球于350~450℃温度下予热10~30分钟后,在1050~1200℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即可得到颗粒容重为0.6~0.9g/cm3、松散容重为300~400kg/cm3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为400~600kg/m3的轻质陶粒。
4、一种超轻陶粒或轻质陶粒的配制方法,其特征是:
(1)将我国可保煤矿中的块状泥岩10~80%与表土10~80%、砂1~10%混合均匀,湿化处理3~5天;
(2)用成球机将混合料制成球,在温度350~450℃下予热10~30分钟,在1050~1150℃的温度下焙烧5~10分钟,即制成颗粒容重为0.5~1.0g/cm3、松散容重为300~400kg/cm3的超轻陶粒或松散容重为500~600kg/cm3的轻质陶粒。
CN86106748.7A 1986-10-07 1986-10-07 超轻陶粒及其配制方法 Expired CN1006060B (zh)

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CN1061963C (zh) * 1997-01-20 2001-02-14 长沙市新型墙体材料开发总公司 粘土膨化陶粒材料
CN1086182C (zh) * 1999-09-02 2002-06-12 马芸仙 一种超轻陶粒及其工业生产方法
CN100420640C (zh) * 2006-05-25 2008-09-24 甘肃金桥给水排水设计与工程有限公司 轻质高效生物滤料及其制备方法
CN100417605C (zh) * 2006-05-25 2008-09-10 甘肃金桥给水排水设计与工程有限公司 高效生物滤料及其制备方法
CN102068855B (zh) * 2010-11-23 2012-11-28 南昌大学 利用板岩锯泥制备多孔陶粒滤料的方法
CN102899017B (zh) * 2012-10-17 2015-04-01 宜兴市腾飞陶粒制造有限公司 一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法
CN107098719B (zh) * 2017-06-08 2020-09-11 吉林大学 一种利用超塑性粘土制备轻质陶粒的工艺

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