CN100588019C - Microbe fuel cell and power generation method by using straw stalk - Google Patents
Microbe fuel cell and power generation method by using straw stalk Download PDFInfo
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- CN100588019C CN100588019C CN200710144804A CN200710144804A CN100588019C CN 100588019 C CN100588019 C CN 100588019C CN 200710144804 A CN200710144804 A CN 200710144804A CN 200710144804 A CN200710144804 A CN 200710144804A CN 100588019 C CN100588019 C CN 100588019C
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Abstract
A microbiological fuel cell and a method for generating electricity by use of straws relate to a fuel cell and a method for generating electricity. The invention solves the problem that crop straws are not used efficiently, and particularly straw solids are not directly used in MFC. The microbiological fuel cell of the invention is composed of a container, catalytic anodes, anode wires, air cathodes, cathode wires, a cathode cover and a sealing cover. The method of the invention includes the steps of the pretreatment of the straws, the detoxifying treatment of the straws to obtain a straw solid substrate and a straw liquid substrate, the start-up of the cell, the treatment of the straw solid substrate or the straw liquid substrate. When the electricity is generated by the invention by using the straw solid substrate, the maximum power of the cell reaches 502mW/m<2>, and the degradation rate is about 45percent. When the electricity is generated by using the straw liquid substrate, the maximum power reaches 1288m W/m<2>, and the degradation rate of COD is 60 percent. The invention has the advantages of simple technology, convenient operation, high efficiency, no pollution, reductionof cost and relief of the energy crisis, and the straws in rural areas can be used efficiently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of fuel cell and generating.
Background technology
Along with the imbalance of energy availability and demand relation, people pay attention to the exploitation to alternative energy more, and emphasize the variation of energy form.And in the time of 1912, Britain's botanist mark bit has found that first the nutrient solution of bacterium can produce electric current, so he makes electrode with platinum, it is put into Escherichia coli and common saccharomycete nutrient solution, successfully produced first microbiological fuel cell (MFC) in the world.The research for MFC does not all have new breakthrough always.Attempt using up to people and be rich in organic sewage and generate electricity, the research of MFC is progress to some extent.Research work still rests on always and utilizes sanitary sewage to generate electricity, and for utilizing other biomass, for example agricultural crop straw is also studied very few as the MFC of substrate.Agricultural crop straw is often referred to wheat, corn, paddy rice, potato class, sugarcane, cotton and other crops remainder after receiving seed, is a kind of renewable resource that serves many purposes.Be exactly the used main fuel of people's daily life from ancient times, also be used for stock raising and macerate the composting material in addition.Yet along with the development of society and the raising of people's living standard, change with structure having taken place in life in the countryside, and life reduces significantly with stalk quantity.A large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer have reduced stalk to a certain extent and have made compost also field rate.These traditional straw utilization modes are abandoned by people gradually, but the foundation fully as yet of the straw utilization mode of modern science and consciousness causes agricultural crop straw to remain in a large number.China is large agricultural country, and the stalk amount in present annual rural area just has 6.5 hundred million t, will reach 7.26 hundred million t by 2010, is equivalent to the calorific value (every kg stalk calorific value is equivalent to 0.4213kg mark coal) of 300,000,000 t mark coal.If these stalks are scientific and effective utilization, very big waste only not in addition not.At present, being subjected to the research that people widely pay close attention to is that stalk is converted to various energy carriers, as alcohol, biogas and hydrogen.But because this method that is converted to energy carrier is indirect production capacity, energy carrier need could discharge energy stored through burning, and this just causes the complexity of technology, cost to rise and environmental pollution.On the other hand, though the hydrogen that fermentation produces burning afterproduct is pollution-free, it is lower to be subject to theoretical hydrogen output, thereby also not well development.To sum up, the energy is deficient day by day at present, and a large amount of agricultural crop straws are not effectively utilized, and the also not research aspect stalk solid electrogenesis in MFC.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be alleviating energy crisis, solve agricultural crop straw and be not utilized effectively that particularly the stalk solid not have the directly problem of utilization in MFC, a kind of microbiological fuel cell is provided and utilizes the method for straw power generation.
Microbiological fuel cell of the present invention is made up of container 1, catalyticing anode 2, titanium silk 3, positive wire 4, air cathode 5, titanium sheet 6, cathode wire 7, packing ring 8, negative electrode lid 11 and seal cover 13; Container 1 section shape is " protruding " font of side, the little end opening of container 1, big end sealing; The top of container 1 big end is sealed with seal cover 13, seal cover 13 is provided with charging aperture 10 and aperture 12, fixedly connected with aperture 12 in the top of titanium silk 3, fixedly connected with the upper end of catalyticing anode 2 in the lower end of titanium silk 3, the bottom of container 1 big end is provided with discharging opening 9, container 1 openend is disposed with packing ring 8, air cathode 5 and negative electrode lid 11 and container 1 openend are by packing ring 8, air cathode 5 and negative electrode lid 11 seal, packing ring 8 is identical with the internal diameter of container 1 small end with the aperture of negative electrode lid 11, the top of air cathode 5 is connected with the bottom of titanium sheet 6, the positive wire 4 that titanium silk 3 is drawn is connected with external circuit with the cathode wire 7 that titanium sheet 6 is drawn, container 1, form anode chamber 15 between air cathode 5 and the seal cover 13, the spacing between catalyticing anode 2 and the air cathode 5 is not less than 1cm.Described catalyticing anode 2 is made by in carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, vitreous carbon, graphite felt, granular graphite, nickel foam and the corrosion resistant plate any.In described air cathode 5 employing carbon papers, carbon cloth, the graphite any made; And load has 0.10～0.35mg/cm on the air cathode 5
2The Pt catalyst.
The present invention adopts microbiological fuel cell to utilize the method for straw power generation to be realized by following step: one, the preliminary treatment of stalk: adopt the quick-fried method of vapour to handle stalk, obtain stalk vapour and disclose; Two, the detoxifcation of stalk is handled: a, add the proportioning that 0.25～20g stalk vapour discloses by every ml distilled water the stalk vapour that step 1 obtains is disclosed adding distilled water, stir 1～3h then under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, use Ca (OH) again
2Solid is regulated between pH to 10～11, and 30～50min again detoxifies in 25～80 ℃ water-bath; B, will keep filtrate, and add in the solid of 5～10mL distilled water proportioning after filtering by every gram solid and add distilled water, under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, stir 10～30min then through the reactant liquor suction filtration after step a handles; The operation of suction filtration and washing is repeated four to five times, keep filtrate, the stalk vapour after will draining is then disclosed to dry under 80～105 ℃ to constant weight and is obtained the stalk solid substrate, collects filtrate and obtain stalk liquid substrate; Three, start microbiological fuel cell: in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell, add glucose, water, pH7.0 cushioning liquid and sanitary sewage, wherein the weight of glucose is 0.1～0.8g: 300mL with the ratio of volume, pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, sanitary sewage accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, supply with the space water surplus the anode chamber 15, in ambient temperature is under 15～45 ℃ of conditions, utilizes the electrogenesis bacterium in the sanitary sewage to start microbiological fuel cell; When cell voltage is lower than 40mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), adds glucose and pH7.0 cushioning liquid by said ratio, and add entry to being full of anode chamber 15; Treat that load voltage is stabilized in more than the 400mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), microbiological fuel cell starts successfully; Four, handle stalk: stalk solid substrate that will be after step 2 is handled, water, anode chamber's 15 interior catabolism reduction organic concentrations by the cellulose degradation mixed bacterial that cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution and pH7.0 cushioning liquid add microbiological fuel cell obtain electric energy simultaneously, stalk solid substrate addition is 1～17g/L, cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution accounts for 1～30% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 5～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, anode chamber's 15 remaining space waters are full of the condition of technological operation: 15～45 ℃ of reaction temperatures.The cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution described in the step 4 by volume portion rate separate cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution, 1 part of molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution and 1 part of excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution by 1 part and form, the unit volume thalline number average of separating in cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution, molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution, the excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution is 10
6～10
7Individual/mL.
Different with said method is: the stalk liquid substrate generating of adopting step 2 to obtain in step 4, promptly in step 3, utilize and account for anode chamber's 15 volumes 65%～91%, dilution back COD is the stalk liquid substrate of 1000～5000mg/L, and the sanitary sewage that accounts for 8～15% pH7.0 cushioning liquid of anode chamber's 15 volumes and account for anode chamber's 15 volumes 1%～20% starts microbiological fuel cell; Add stalk liquid substrate and pH7.0 cushioning liquid again in step 4 in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell according to the above ratio, anode chamber's 15 remaining space waters are full of, and utilize microbe catabolism to reduce organic concentration and obtain electric energy simultaneously.
Principle: stalk as substrate by bacterial degradation after, produce electronics and proton.Electronics leaves the substrate stalk and arrives anode, arrives negative electrode through lead and load, and on the other hand, proton is because concentration difference also is diffused into negative electrode.At negative electrode, electronics, proton and oxygen triplicity generate water, so just produce the electric current that continues.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: be divided into solid and liquid two parts after one, steam puffed stalk being handled through detoxifcation, the substrate (electron donor) that solid-liquid two parts all can be used as reactor comes electrogenesis.Two, this direct electrogenesis not only; will be than fuel gas such as hydrogen, ethanol through the production capacity of burning ability once more; stalk MFC is more convenient simple; the efficient height, pollution-free, saved the expense of burning once more; cost is low; alleviated energy crisis, turned waste into wealth, what solved straw from village effectively utilizes problem.Though three, in the reactor solid is arranged, do not need to stir, the mass transfer that this not only can not influence in the reactor does not influence electricity generation performance, has also saved energy consumption to a great extent, the MFC device that better than ever far away needs stir.When four, doing substrate with solid portion, voltage can reach 450mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), and the battery maximum power density reaches 502mW/m
2, degradation rate is about 45% (using quality characterization) five, when partly making substrate with liquid, and voltage can reach nearly 500mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), and the battery maximum power density reaches 1288mW/m
2, the degradation rate of COD is 60%.This also is effective new way of the stalk washing lotion waste water that processing plant produced.
Microbiological fuel cell of the present invention is a single chamber MFC reactor, and the present embodiment device is simple in structure with respect to the MFC reactor of two chambers, and internal resistance is less.And microbiological fuel cell of the present invention still is a kind of air cathode MFC reactor, and it has saved the device that traditional negative electrode needs aeration, thereby saves the energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of stalk microbe fuel cell of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the voltage curve of embodiment 26, Fig. 3 is the voltage curve of embodiment 27, Fig. 4 is the voltage curve of embodiment 28, and Fig. 5 is the voltage curve of embodiment 29.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the microbiological fuel cell of (referring to Fig. 1) present embodiment is made up of container 1, catalyticing anode 2, titanium silk 3, positive wire 4, air cathode 5, titanium sheet 6, cathode wire 7, packing ring 8, negative electrode lid 11 and seal cover 13; Container 1 section shape is " protruding " font of side, the little end opening of container 1, big end sealing; The top of container 1 big end is sealed with seal cover 13, seal cover 13 is provided with charging aperture 10 and aperture 12, fixedly connected with aperture 12 in the top of titanium silk 3, fixedly connected with the upper end of catalyticing anode 2 in the lower end of titanium silk 3, the bottom of container 1 big end is provided with discharging opening 9, container 1 openend is disposed with packing ring 8, air cathode 5 and negative electrode lid 11 and container 1 openend are by packing ring 8, air cathode 5 and negative electrode lid 11 seal, packing ring 8 is identical with the internal diameter of container 1 small end with the aperture of negative electrode lid 11, the top of air cathode 5 is connected with the bottom of titanium sheet 6, the positive wire 4 that titanium silk 3 is drawn is connected with external circuit with the cathode wire 7 that titanium sheet 6 is drawn, container 1, form anode chamber 15 between air cathode 5 and the seal cover 13, the spacing between catalyticing anode 2 and the air cathode 5 is not less than 1cm.
The described charging aperture 10 of present embodiment can be provided with as required flexibly with the position of discharging opening 9, to satisfy different needs.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one are different, and to be catalyticing anode 2 made by in carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, vitreous carbon, graphite felt, granular graphite, nickel foam and the corrosion resistant plate any.Other structure is identical with embodiment one with annexation.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one are different is that air cathode 5 adopts in carbon papers, carbon cloth, the graphite any to make; And load has 0.10～0.35mg/cm on the air cathode 5
2The Pt catalyst.Other structure is identical with embodiment one with annexation.
Embodiment four: present embodiment and embodiment three are different is that the content of loaded Pt catalyst on the air cathode 5 is 0.15～0.30mg/cm
2Other structure is identical with embodiment three with annexation.
Embodiment five: present embodiment and embodiment three are different is that the content of loaded Pt catalyst on the air cathode 5 is 0.20mg/cm
2Other structure is identical with embodiment three with annexation.
Embodiment six: present embodiment and embodiment three are different is that the content of loaded Pt catalyst on the air cathode 5 is 0.25mg/cm
2Other structure is identical with embodiment three with annexation.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment adopts the microbiological fuel cell described in the embodiment one to utilize the method for straw power generation to be realized by following step: one, the preliminary treatment of stalk: adopt the quick-fried method of vapour to handle stalk, obtain stalk vapour and disclose; Two, the detoxifcation of stalk is handled: a, add the proportioning that 0.25～20g stalk vapour discloses by every ml distilled water the stalk vapour that step 1 obtains is disclosed adding distilled water, stir 1～3h then under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, use Ca (OH) again
2Solid is regulated between pH to 10～11, and 30～50min (sealing with preservative film during water-bath, in order to avoid water evaporates) again detoxifies in 25～80 ℃ water-bath; B, will keep filtrate, and add in the solid of 5～10mL distilled water proportioning after filtering by every gram solid and add distilled water, under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, stir 10～30min then through the reactant liquor suction filtration after step a handles; The operation of suction filtration and washing is repeated four to five times, keep filtrate, the stalk vapour after will draining is then disclosed to dry under 80～105 ℃ to constant weight and is obtained the stalk solid substrate, collects filtrate and obtain stalk liquid substrate; Three, start microbiological fuel cell: in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell, add glucose, water, pH7.0 cushioning liquid and sanitary sewage, wherein the weight of glucose is 0.1～0.8g: 300mL with the ratio of volume, pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, sanitary sewage accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, supply with the space water surplus the anode chamber 15, in ambient temperature is under 15～45 ℃ of conditions, utilizes the electrogenesis bacterium in the sanitary sewage to start microbiological fuel cell; When cell voltage is lower than 40mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), adds glucose and pH7.0 cushioning liquid by said ratio, and add entry to being full of anode chamber 15; Treat that load voltage is stabilized in more than the 400mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances), microbiological fuel cell starts successfully; Four, handle stalk: stalk solid substrate that will be after step 2 is handled, water, anode chamber's 15 interior catabolism reduction organic concentrations by the cellulose degradation mixed bacterial that cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution and pH7.0 cushioning liquid add microbiological fuel cell obtain electric energy simultaneously, stalk solid substrate addition is 1～17g/L, cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution accounts for 1～30% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, described cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution by volume portion rate is separated cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution nutrient solution by 1 part, 1 part of molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution and 1 part of excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution are formed, and separate cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution, molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution, unit volume thalline number average in the excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution is 10
6～10
7Individual/mL; PH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 5～20% of anode chamber's 15 volumes, and anode chamber's 15 remaining space waters are full of the condition of technological operation: 15～45 ℃ of reaction temperatures.
Sanitary sewage in the present embodiment is taken from the fresh sanitary sewage of Harbin Industry University 2ed School District dependents' district.
Present embodiment is for improving the efficient of microbial degradation stalk, so before carrying out microbial inoculant, will carry out preliminary treatment to stalk usually, pretreated purpose is the structure that changes native cellulose, destroy the connection between cellulose-lignin-hemicellulose, reduce cellulosic degree of crystallinity, or slough lignin, and the sponginess that increases raw material is with increase cellulase system and cellulosic effective the contact, thus the raising degradation efficiency.Because multiple furfural, organic acid, aldehydes matter etc. are contained in the stalk surface after the quick-fried processing of vapour, steam puffed stalk detoxified, and to handle be necessary.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment has been added the glucose of 0.3～2.7g/L in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell in step 4.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment has been added the glucose of 1～2g/L in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell in step 4.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment has been added the glucose of 1.5g/L in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell in step 4.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 11: that present embodiment and embodiment seven to ten are different is stalk solid substrate addition 5～15g/L in step 4.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven to ten.
Embodiment 12: that present embodiment and embodiment seven to ten are different is stalk solid substrate addition 10g/L in step 4.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven to ten.
Embodiment 13: present embodiment and embodiment seven to ten are different be that cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 4 5～20%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven to ten.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment and embodiment seven to ten are different be that cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 4 15%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven to ten.
Embodiment 15: present embodiment in step 4 except that adopting the stalk solid substrate, can also generate electricity with the stalk liquid substrate that step 2 obtains, the stalk liquid substrate generating of promptly adopting step 2 to obtain, promptly in step 3, utilize and account for anode chamber's 15 volumes 65%～91%, dilution back COD is the stalk liquid substrate of 1000～5000mg/L, and the sanitary sewage that accounts for 8～15% pH7.0 cushioning liquid of anode chamber's 15 volumes and account for anode chamber's 15 volumes 1%～20% starts microbiological fuel cell; Add stalk liquid substrate and pH7.0 cushioning liquid again in step 4 in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell according to the above ratio, anode chamber's 15 remaining space waters are full of, and utilize microbe catabolism to reduce organic concentration and obtain electric energy simultaneously.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 16: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 be in step 1 agricultural crop straw be that wheat straw, straw, sorghum stalks, glycosides potato are climing, a kind of or wherein several combination in corn stalk, sugarcane straw, big beanstalk and the cotton bavin.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
When agricultural crop straw is composition in the present embodiment, can be between various agricultural crop straws by any than mixing.
Embodiment 17: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 is that the temperature of water-bath in the step 2 is 70 ℃.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
Embodiment 18: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 is that the pH7.0 cushioning liquid of every 1000mL in step 3 contains 0.2～4g NH
4Cl, 0.1～4g KCl, 30～40gNaH
2PO
42H
2O, 80～200g Na
2HPO
412H
2O, 5～10mL vitamin solution, 10～15mL mineral solution, all the other are distilled water.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
Embodiment 19: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 is that the pH7.0 cushioning liquid of every 1000mL in step 4 contains 0.2～4g NH
4Cl, 0.1～4g KCl, 30～40gNaH
2PO
42H
2O, 80～200g Na
2HPO
412H
2O, 5～10mL vitamin solution, 10～15mL mineral solution, all the other are distilled water.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
Embodiment 20: what present embodiment was different with embodiment 18 or 19 is to contain 2.0mg biotin, 2.0mg Cobastab, 10.0mg vitamin B6,5.0mg riboflavin, 5.0mg vitamin B1,5.0mg niacin, 5.0mg pantothenic acid, 0.1mg vitamin B-12,5.0mg P-aminobenzoic acid and 5.0mg lipoic acid in every 100mL vitamin solution.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment 18 or 19.
Embodiment 21: what present embodiment was different with embodiment 18 or 19 is that mineral solution is by 1.5mg sodium nitrilo triacetate (NTA), 3.0mg MgSO
4, 0.5mgMnSO
4, 1.0mgNaCl, 0.1mg FeSO
47H
2O, 0.1mg CaCl
22H
2O, 0.1mgCoCl
26H
2O, 0.13mgZnCl
20.01mgCuSO
45H
2O, 0.01mg AlK (SO
4)
212H
2O, 0.01mg H
3BO
3, 0.025mgNa
2MoO
4, 0.024mg NiCl
26H
2O, 0.025mg Na
2WO
42H
2O and 100mL distilled water are made into.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment 18 or 19.
Embodiment 22: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 be that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 3 8～15%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
Embodiment 23: present embodiment is different with embodiment seven or 15 be that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 3 10%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment seven or 15.
Embodiment 24: present embodiment and embodiment 15 are different be that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 4 9～15%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment 15.
Embodiment 25: present embodiment and embodiment 15 are different be that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for anode chamber's 15 volumes in step 4 10%.Other reactions steps is identical with embodiment 15.
Embodiment 26: the volume of the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell is 300mL in the present embodiment, and the spacing between catalyticing anode 2 and the air cathode 5 is 1～2cm.Other structure of present embodiment microbiological fuel cell is identical with embodiment one with annexation.The method that the present embodiment microbiological fuel cell is handled stalk and embodiment seven be not both in step 4 stalk solid substrate after the step 2 processing of to the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell in adding 0.3～5g, account for 1～30% cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution of anode chamber's 15 volumes and account for the pH7.0 cushioning liquid of anode chamber's 5 volumes 5～20%, and anode chamber's 15 remaining space waters are full of.Other reactions steps that the present embodiment microbiological fuel cell is handled the stalk method is identical with embodiment seven.The voltage of microbiological fuel cell can reach about 430mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances) (referring to Fig. 2) in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 27: present embodiment and execution mode 26 are similar, have just increased by 0.1～5g glucose in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell in step 4.The present embodiment method can not only reach crest voltage very soon, and the duration when peak value longer (referring to Fig. 3).
Embodiment 28: present embodiment and execution mode 26 are similar, just in step 4 in the anode chamber 15 of microbiological fuel cell pH7.0 cushioning liquid account for 7～11% of anode chamber's 15 volumes.The maximum power density of microbiological fuel cell is 502mW/m in the present embodiment
2, the degradation rate of stalk solid substrate is 45% (referring to Fig. 4).
Embodiment 29: present embodiment and embodiment 15 are similar, and just the volume of anode chamber 15 is 300mL.The voltage of microbiological fuel cell can reach 500mV (under 1000 ohm of external resistances) in the present embodiment as seen from Figure 5, and maximum power density can reach 1288mW/m
2, the degradation rate of stalk liquid substrate is about 60% (characterizing with COD).
Claims (8)
1, a kind of microbiological fuel cell, it is made up of container (1), catalyticing anode (2), titanium silk (3), positive wire (4), air cathode (5), titanium sheet (6), cathode wire (7), packing ring (8), negative electrode lid (11) and seal cover (13); Container (1) section shape that it is characterized in that microbiological fuel cell is " protruding " font of side, the little end opening of container (1), big end sealing; The top of the big end of container (1) is sealed with seal cover (13), seal cover (13) is provided with charging aperture (10) and aperture (12), fixedly connected with aperture (12) in the top of titanium silk (3), fixedly connected with the upper end of catalyticing anode (2) in the lower end of titanium silk (3), the bottom of the big end of container (1) is provided with discharging opening (9), container (1) openend is disposed with packing ring (8), air cathode (5) and negative electrode lid (11) and container (1) openend are by packing ring (8), air cathode (5) and negative electrode lid (11) seal, packing ring (8) is identical with the internal diameter of container (1) small end with the aperture of negative electrode lid (11), the top of air cathode (5) is connected with the bottom of titanium sheet (6), the positive wire (4) that titanium silk (3) is drawn is connected with external circuit with the cathode wire (7) that titanium sheet (6) is drawn, container (1), form anode chamber (15) between air cathode (5) and the seal cover (13), the spacing between catalyticing anode (2) and the air cathode (5) is not less than 1cm.
2, microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that catalyticing anode (2) made by in carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, vitreous carbon, graphite felt, granular graphite, nickel foam and the corrosion resistant plate any; In air cathode (5) employing carbon paper, carbon cloth, the graphite any made; And air cathode (5) is gone up load 0.10～0.35mg/cm
2The Pt catalyst.
3, microbiological fuel cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that it is 0.15～0.30mg/cm that air cathode (5) is gone up the content of loaded Pt catalyst
2
4, adopt the described microbiological fuel cell of claim 1 to utilize the method for straw power generation, it is characterized in that this method realizes by following step: one, the preliminary treatment of stalk: adopt the quick-fried method of vapour to handle stalk, obtain stalk vapour and disclose; Two, the detoxifcation of stalk is handled: a, add the proportioning that 0.25～20g stalk vapour discloses by every ml distilled water the stalk vapour that step 1 obtains is disclosed adding distilled water, stir 1～3h then under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, use Ca (OH) again
2Solid is regulated between pH to 10～11, and 30～50min again detoxifies in 25～80 ℃ water-bath; B, will keep filtrate, and add in the solid of 5～10mL distilled water proportioning after filtering by every gram solid and add distilled water, under 100～150r/min, room temperature condition, stir 10～30min then through the reactant liquor suction filtration after step a handles; The operation of suction filtration and washing is repeated four to five times, keep filtrate, the stalk vapour after will draining is then disclosed to dry under 80～105 ℃ to constant weight and is obtained the stalk solid substrate, collects filtrate and obtain stalk liquid substrate; Three, start microbiological fuel cell: in the anode chamber (15) of microbiological fuel cell, add glucose, water, pH7.0 cushioning liquid and sanitary sewage, wherein the weight of glucose is 0.1～0.8g: 300mL with the ratio of volume, pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber (15) volume, sanitary sewage accounts for 1～20% of anode chamber (15) volume, anode chamber (15) is surplus supplies with the space water, in ambient temperature is under 15～45 ℃ of conditions, utilizes the electrogenesis bacterium in the sanitary sewage to start microbiological fuel cell; When cell voltage is lower than 40mV, adds glucose and pH7.0 cushioning liquid by said ratio, and add entry to being full of anode chamber (15); Treat that load voltage is stabilized in more than the 400mV, microbiological fuel cell starts successfully; Four, handle stalk: stalk solid substrate that will be after step 2 is handled, water, the interior catabolism reduction organic concentration by the cellulose degradation mixed bacterial in anode chamber (15) that cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution and pH7.0 cushioning liquid add microbiological fuel cell obtains electric energy simultaneously, stalk solid substrate addition is 1～17g/L, cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution accounts for 1～30% of anode chamber (15) volume, pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 5～20% of anode chamber (15) volume, anode chamber (15) remaining space water is full of, described cellulose degradation mixed bacterial nutrient solution by volume portion rate is separated cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution by 1 part, 1 part of molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution and 1 part of excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution are formed, and separate cellulose vinegar vibrios nutrient solution, molten Bacteroides gracilis nutrient solution, unit volume thalline number average in the excrement alkali fiber monad nutrient solution is 10
6～10
7Individual/mL, the condition of technological operation: 15～45 ℃ of reaction temperatures.
5, the method for utilizing straw power generation according to claim 4 is characterized in that stalk solid substrate addition 5～15g/L in step 4.
6, the method for utilizing straw power generation according to claim 4 is characterized in that in step 1 stalk is that wheat straw, straw, sorghum stalks, glycosides potato are climing, a kind of or wherein several combination in corn stalk, sugarcane straw, big beanstalk and the cotton bavin.
7, the method for utilizing straw power generation according to claim 4 is characterized in that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 10% of anode chamber (15) volume in step 3.
8, the method for utilizing straw power generation according to claim 4 is characterized in that pH7.0 cushioning liquid accounts for 10% of anode chamber (15) volume in step 4.
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| US9147902B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2015-09-29 | Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences | Microbial fuel cell stack |
| CN102738496A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Microbial fuel cell and method for treating potato starch waste residue by adopting same |
| CN103219536B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2015-06-17 | 南京工业大学 | Microbial electrochemical device and method for generating electricity by using straws |
| CN104064779B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-05-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Modular microfluidic biological fuel cell electrode stack |
| CN104150607B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-04-13 | 华南理工大学 | Utilize the device and method of microbiological fuel cell simultaneously degradation of phenol and ammonia nitrogen |
| CN105293716B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell and its method for handling waste water |
| CN106025319B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-07-12 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of direct cellulose under diffusion-driven produces electricity device and method |
| CN110463637B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2024-01-16 | 南通大学 | Ecological restoration device for rice and shrimp co-cropping cultivation system environment and application thereof |
| CN110854420B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-03-16 | 南京大学盐城环保技术与工程研究院 | Microbial fuel cell with straw and sludge as matrix, construction method and sludge treatment method |
| CN112250163B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-11-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heterotopic electron compensated hydrogen autotrophic denitrification device |
| CN112250162B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-C/N sewage deep denitrification device and denitrification method by coupling microbial electrolytic cell with BAF-MBfR |
| CN113109532B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-11-25 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Water quality monitoring device based on microbial fuel cell |
| CN113998773A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Device and method for treating aquaculture sewage by using air cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell |
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