CN100587229C - Steam engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A steam engine has a pipe shaped fluid container, a heating and cooling devices respectively provided at a heating and cooling portions of the fluid container, and an output device connected to the fluid container, so that the output device is operated by the fluid pressure change in the fluid container, to generate an electric power. In such a steam engine, an inner radius 'r 1' of the cooling portion is made to almost equal to a depth 'delta 1' of thermal penetration, which is calculated by the following formula (1).

Description

Steam engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of steam engine with liquid-container, wherein filled working liquid body, and, in liquid-container, vibrate working liquid body in the mode of autoexcitation vibration by the repetitive operation that the heating and cooling working liquid body is vaporized and liquefied working liquid body.By in liquid-container, carrying out liquid vibration operation, produce mechanical energy at the output unit of steam engine.

Background technique

Those skilled in the art has known the equipment that is used for steam engine, for example, open application among the open application number No:S58-057014 of Japan Patent, wherein working liquid body is filled in the liquid-container, working liquid body is by heating equipment heating and vaporization, and working liquid body cools off and liquefaction by cooling unit, and repeats vaporization and liquefaction acquisition energy by working liquid body.

That is, the output unit in above-mentioned steam engine obtains mechanical energy, and it is operated by the variation in pressure of working liquid body in liquid-container, and wherein variation in pressure produces by the change of state (vaporization and liquefaction) of working liquid body.

Inventor of the present invention has applied for relating to another patent of steam engine in Japan Patent office, its publication number with 2004-84523 discloses.

The structure of the steam engine 500 of previous patent application is presented among Figure 24.

Steam engine 500 comprises U type liquid-container 502, the heating equipment 504 that is used for liquid heating vessel 502 working liquid bodys of filling working liquid body, be used to cool off and the cooling unit 506 and the output unit 508 of the steam that produces by heating equipment 504 heating of liquefying.

The spring 516 of the piston 512 that output unit 508 comprises cylinder 510, move back and forth in cylinder 510, the shifting axle 514 that is connected with piston 512 at the one end and the other end that is connected to shifting axle 514, wherein piston 512 moves back and forth in cylinder 510 by the fluid pressure of accepting the working liquid body in the liquid-container 502.

In above-mentioned steam engine 500, when the working liquid body in the liquid-container 502 heats by heating equipment 504 and vaporizes, the volumetric expansion that has produced working liquid body (steam).The steam that produces moves down in container 502 and cools off and liquefaction by cooling unit 506.Then, the volume shrinkage of working liquid body in the liquid-container 502.The shifting axle 514 of piston 512 and output unit 508 is accepted the volumetric expansion and the variation in pressure of shrinking in the liquid-container 502 that causes owing to working liquid body, thereby moves back and forth piston 512.

Be set to when the magnet when permanent magnet being set to shifting axle 514 and electromagnetic coil, the to-and-fro motion according to piston 512 and shifting axle 514 produces electromotive force in coil, and produces electric power.

Yet above-mentioned steam engine has some shortcomings or problem, is described as follows:

(1) at first, when the section area design of the liquid-container cooling segment of liquefaction working liquid body steam improper, steam engine output energy will become very little.

For example, under the situation that the section area (the cooling unit place is set) of liquid-container cooling segment is made too smallly, be used for from the internal surface of cooling segment heat transfer being become very short to the heat transfer time at the center of the working liquid body of liquid-container in cross-wise direction.As a result, the cooling effectiveness that is used for the cooling segment working liquid body becomes very high, so that the working liquid body of gas phase (steam) liquefies in a short period of time.

In this steam engine, the steam that the heating equipment place produces is shifted to cooling unit, and steam liquefies at once at cooling segment.The volumetric expansion of working liquid body is suppressed to very little amount, has reduced the output energy of steam engine.The p-v figure of above-mentioned situation is presented among Figure 23 B, and wherein the pressure of working liquid body and the relation between the volume are represented by solid line.

Figure 23 A has shown vaporization and the figure of the p-v under the liquefaction situation that correctly carries out working liquid body, and the requirements among Figure 23 A is represented by the dotted line among Figure 23 B and the 23C.Shown in Figure 23 B, the area of p-v figure becomes less than the area of desirable value, and the corresponding minimizing of output energy.

On the other hand, the section area of cooling segment is made under the situation too much in liquid-container, is used for from the internal surface of cooling segment heat transfer being become very long to the heat transfer time at the center of working liquid body.As a result, the cooling effectiveness that is used for cooling part office working liquid body becomes very low, so that need the working liquid body (steam) of longer time liquefaction gas phase.

In the case, even the steam that produces by heating equipment moves to cooling unit, then owing to the liquefaction of long time period, the working liquid body of gas phase also keeps longer time cycle and the fluid pressure in the liquid-container to remain on high value.As a result, shown in Figure 23 C, the area of p-v figure becomes less, has equally also reduced the output energy.In addition, when the working liquid body of gas phase remained on the heating equipment place, the working liquid body of liquid phase was difficult to vaporization.As a result, can not increase the fluid pressure that produces by vaporization, thereby the operation of steam engine is shut down erratically.

In addition, section area (it is the channel part between heating equipment and the cooling unit) in the connecting passage of liquid-container part is made as under the less situation, is used for from the internal surface of connecting passage part heat transfer being become very short to the heat transfer time at the center of liquid-container working liquid body in cross-wise direction.As a result, the cooling effectiveness that is used to cool off connecting passage part working liquid body becomes very high.

In the case, when steam was shifted to cooling unit, the steam that the heating equipment place produces was partly located liquefaction at connecting passage.P-v figure shown in Figure 23 B because the working liquid body volumetric expansion of vaporization is suppressed to very in a small amount, has reduced the output energy of steam engine.

(2) in order to increase the output mechanical energy that steam engine produces, not only need intake is increased to steam engine, and need to increase the heat exchange amount that is delivered to working liquid body from the heating and cooling device.For example, the temperature by setting heating equipment than low value, can increase the amount of heat exchange in high value and the temperature by setting cooling unit.

Yet,, inevitably intake need be increased to the heating and cooling device increasing the heating equipment temperature and reducing in the said method of cooling unit temperature.Therefore, if the energy transfer efficiency from heat energy to mechanical energy is lower, then increased the output mechanical energy that obtains by steam engine on the one hand, and on the other hand, energy loss becomes big with secondary face ground.

The heating and cooling surface area partly that the mechanical energy that steam engine produces can be passed through the liquid-container of each heating and cooling device of increase increases, and does not change the preset temperature of (increasing or minimizing) heating and cooling device.

The section area of the heating and cooling part of aggrandizement apparatus simply with the situation that increases surface area under, the heat transfer time of the liquid-container cross-wise direction at the center from the internal surface to the working liquid body is elongated.Thus, reduced heating and cooling efficient, thereby can not improve energy transfer efficiency fully in each heating and cooling part.As a result, can not in steam engine, produce mechanical energy fully.

(3) in the steam engine shown in Figure 24 500, so form heating equipment 504 with heating part, so that its working liquid body from its peripheral liquid heating vessel 502 around liquid-container 502.Yet its problem is that the efficiency of heating surface is not high fully in this steam engine.

In heating equipment 504 as mentioned above, as shown in figure 25, when promptly working liquid body is from the periphery heating of liquid-container 502, there is temperature gradient.Along with elongated with the distance of heating equipment 504, the temperature step-down of working liquid body.

Therefore, as the result who carries out heating operation by heating equipment 504, the working liquid body in the liquid-container 502 is made up of " gas phase of vaporization (steam) working liquid body " and " heating but unvaporized liquid phase working liquid body ".The liquid phase working liquid body of shifting to cooling unit 506 with steam cools off by cooling unit 506, and in liquid vibration, do not work (expansion of working liquid body and contraction).Therefore, this kind steam engine has bigger thermal loss.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes in view of the above problems.One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of steam engine, and wherein the working liquid body in the liquid-container is as the result of working liquid body vaporization and liquefaction repetitive operation, with suitable vibration mode vibration, to prevent the minimizing of output mechanical energy.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of steam engine, wherein improved energy transfer efficiency to increase output mechanical energy.

Also purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of steam engine, has wherein increased heating and cooling efficient.

According to feature of the present invention, steam engine has the tubular liquid-container of filling working liquid body, heating equipment and cooling unit are separately positioned on the heating part and the cooling segment of liquid-container, and output unit is connected to liquid-container so as output unit by the fluid pressure change operation in the liquid-container with produce power (electric energy), wherein working liquid body produces liquid vibration by vaporization of heating and cooling device and liquefaction with the Volume Changes by working liquid body.In this steam engine, the inside radius of cooling segment " r1 " is made as near the degree of depth " δ 1 " (when low pressure) that equals heat leak, and it calculates by following formula (1):

$\mathrm{\δ}1=\sqrt{\frac{2a1}{\mathrm{\ω}}}---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, " a1 " is the thermal diffusivity of working liquid body in its low pressure, and

" ω " is the angular frequency of working liquid body motion in the liquid-container, and

Wherein thermal diffusivity " a1 " is selected from those values corresponding to the pressure range of working liquid body, and it is the fluid pressure scope from limit inferior to the fluid pressure that is higher than lower limit 25%.

According to another characteristic of the invention, liquid-container comprises also and is used for attachment portion that heating part is connected with cooling segment that wherein the inside radius of attachment portion " r2 " is made as and satisfies following formula (2) and (3):

$\frac{{\left(r2\right)}^2}{2\·a2}=\mathrm{\τ}---\left(2\right)$

ω·τ≥10(3)

Wherein, " a2 " is the thermal diffusivity of working liquid body when its high pressure, and

" ω " is the angular frequency of working liquid body motion in the liquid-container, and

According to further feature of the present invention, in having the steam engine of tubular liquid-container, the heating and cooling device is separately positioned on the heating and cooling part of liquid-container, and output unit is connected to liquid-container, and each heating part and cooling segment all comprise a plurality of little tubular portions.

According to another characteristic of the invention, in having the steam engine of tubular liquid-container, the heating and cooling device is separately positioned on the heating and cooling part of liquid-container, and output unit is connected to liquid-container, heating equipment is set to Vertical direction and is higher than cooling unit, gas is filled in the heating part of liquid-container so that the interior space of heating part can not be filled with the liquid phase working liquid body, and the working liquid body supplier is arranged on heating part and supplies to heating part with the working liquid body with liquid phase.

The working liquid body supplier comprises a plurality of narrow groove and/or a plurality of microflute that is formed at the heating part internal surface.The working liquid body supplier can also alternatively form by the water sucting surface that is formed at the heating part internal surface.

Description of drawings

With reference to corresponding accompanying drawing following preferred implementation is specifically described, will makes aforementioned and other purpose, the feature and advantage of the present invention more clear and easy understanding that becomes.In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the sketch that shows according to the steam engine of first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is the sketch that shows the steam engine operating principle;

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional that shows the cooling unit in first mode of execution;

Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional that shows the heating equipment in first mode of execution;

Fig. 5 is the curve that shows relation between energy loss and the parameter " ω τ ";

Fig. 6 is the sketch that shows according to the steam engine of second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional that shows the heating and cooling device in second mode of execution;

Fig. 8 is the perspective view that shows the heating equipment in second mode of execution;

Fig. 9 is temperature variation curve and the cross sectional view that shows heating equipment;

Figure 10 is the cross-sectional that shows the heating and cooling device in the 3rd mode of execution;

Figure 11 to 14 is the cross-sectional of heating and cooling device that show the improved procedure of the 3rd mode of execution respectively;

Figure 15 is the sketch that shows according to the steam engine in the four embodiment of the invention;

Figure 16 A and 16B are the perspective views that shows the heating equipment of the 4th mode of execution shown in Figure 15;

Figure 17 and 18 is demonstration perspective views according to the heating equipment of the improved procedure of the 4th mode of execution;

Figure 19 A is the sketch that shows according to the steam engine of fifth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 19 B is the perspective view of the heating equipment of the 5th mode of execution shown in the displayed map 19A;

Figure 20 A and 20B are the plane views that shows the heating equipment part in the 5th mode of execution;

Figure 21 is the perspective view that shows according to the heating equipment of the improved procedure in the fifth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 22 is the perspective view that shows according to the steam engine part in the sixth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 23 A, 23B and 23C show the p-v chart that concerns between fluid pressure and the working liquid body volume;

Figure 24 is the sketch that shows according to steam engine of the prior art; And

Figure 25 is the zoomed-in view that shows Figure 24 heating equipment.

Embodiment

(first mode of execution)

Below with reference to accompanying drawings first mode of execution of the present invention is described.

In first mode of execution shown in Figure 1, steam engine 110 is administered to linear motor, wherein moving part 102 vibrations of output unit (generator) 101.Electric installation comprises steam engine 110 and generator 101.

Generator 101 is the linear vibration generator, and wherein the permanent magnet (not shown) is fixed to moving part 102, and electromotive force produces by vibration (swing) moving part 102.

As shown in Figure 1, steam engine 110 comprises the liquid-container 111 of the working liquid body 120 that is filled with predetermined pressure, the cooling unit 113 that is used for the heating equipment 112 of liquid heating vessel 111 working liquid bodys 120 and is used to cool off the steam that produces at heating equipment 112.

Heating equipment 112 and cooling unit 113 are set to separated from one another, so that the not directly contact each other of heating and cooling device.

Be used at steam engine 110 under the situation of water-cooling type internal-combustion engine, heating equipment 112 can be used as the heating equipment design, and it is by using the waste heating working liquid body 120 that ejects from internal-combustion engine.And cooling unit 113 can be used as the cooling unit design, and it is by using the water quench working liquid body 120 of motor.

Liquid-container 111 forms has vertically extending straight-tube portion 111b and the 111c that bottom pipe portion 111a and a pair of (first and second) are extended from bottom pipe portion 111a two ends.

The first straight-tube portion 111b is included in its place and the heating part 131 of heating equipment 112 is set, the cooling segment 133 of cooling unit 113 is set at its place and is used to make above heating and cooling part 131 and 133 attachment portions 135 connected to one another.

The heating and cooling part 131 of liquid- container 111 and 133 is made by the metal with high thermal conductivity, and other parts of liquid-container 111 are preferably by the material of high heat insulation characteristics.Liquid-container 111 is also by having the material of high anticorrosion properties with respect to the working liquid body that is filled in the liquid-container 111.

In this mode of execution, water is as working liquid body 120, and the heating and cooling part 131 of liquid- container 111 and 133 is done by copper or aluminum, and other parts are made by stainless steel.

As mentioned above, liquid-container 111 is made by stainless steel and copper (or aluminium) and is formed U type pipe, and wherein bottom pipe portion 111a is arranged on lowermost position, and two straight- tube portion 111b and 111c are vertical and extend upward from bottom pipe portion 111a.

The position of the heating part 131 of liquid-container 111 is formed at the position that is higher than cooling segment 133 in Vertical direction, and the top closure of first straight-tube portion.

Heating equipment 112 is set to first tubular portion with around heating part 131, and cooling unit 113 is set to first tubular portion with around cooling segment 133.

Piston 114 is arranged on the top of the second tubular portion 111c, and piston 114 remains in the cylinder 115 movably upwards and down to move according to fluid pressure.

Piston 114 is connected to the shifting axle 102a of the moving part 102 in the output unit 101.Spring 103 is provided with in the output unit 101, between moving part 102 and the end relative with moving part 102, so that it encourages piston 114 downwards by its spring force.

As shown in Figure 2, when the heating and cooling device 112 of steam engine 110 and its operation of 113 beginnings, the working liquid body of liquid phase carries out it and heats for the first time and vaporize (isothermal expansion) in the liquid-container 111 at heating equipment 112 places.The working liquid body (steam) of vaporization further expands (adiabatic expansion), promotes the liquid phase working liquid body among the first tubular portion 111b downwards.Liquid phase working liquid body 120 moves to the second tubular portion 111c from the first tubular portion 111b in liquid-container 111, upwards to promote piston 114.

The liquid surface of the working liquid body among the first tubular portion 111b (between the liquid and gas working liquid body) is shifted the cooling segment 133 of cooling unit 113 downwards onto.When steam entered cooling segment 133, steam was by cooling unit 113 coolings and liquefaction.The pressure that is used for promoting the first tubular portion 111b liquid phase working liquid body downwards disappears, thereby makes liquid surface move up in the first tubular portion 111b (from isothermal compression to the adiabatic compression process).The piston 114 of generator 101 correspondingly moves down.

During working liquid body 120 periodic vibrations (autoexcitation vibration mode) in liquid-container 111, continue the expansion of above working liquid body and shrinkage operation till heating and cooling device 112 and 113 stops.As mentioned above, in steam engine 110, produce the variation in pressure of working liquid body 120, and variation in pressure is converted into mechanical energy to make progress and following mobile piston 114.

In above-mentioned steam engine 110, the working liquid body of high temperature and high pressure (steam) does not directly contact with piston 114, and therefore, steam engine 110 has high durability.

The cooling segment 133 of liquid-container 111 is designed to so that the inside radius of cooling segment 133 " r1 " equals the degree of depth " δ 1 " of heat leak (in low pressure), and it calculates by following formula (1):

$\mathrm{\δ}1=\sqrt{\frac{2a1}{\mathrm{\ω}}}---\left(1\right)$

Fig. 3 is the amplification cross-sectional that shows the cooling segment 133 of liquid-container 111, and wherein " Φ d " is the inner diameter of cooling segment 133, and " r1 " is its inside radius.

In above-mentioned formula (1), " a1 " is the thermal diffusivity [m of working liquid body 120 in low pressure ²/ sec.], and " ω " is the angular frequency [rad/sec.] of working liquid body 120 characteristics in the express liquid container 111 (that is expression piston 114 to-and-fro motion characteristics).

The fluid pressure of working liquid body 120 uses as thermal diffusivity " a1 " in the thermal diffusivity of the working liquid body of its lower limit in the liquid-container 111.The internal liquid pressure of liquid-container 111 changes according to the variation of working liquid body state (vaporization and liquefaction).That is the value when, thermal diffusivity " a1 " is for minimum value in internal liquid pressure is pressure range (pressure range is from the minimum value that is up to of the fluid pressure of working liquid body 120).And the degree of depth of heat leak (in low pressure) " δ 1 " is defined as the value of being calculated by formula (1), wherein uses above-mentioned thermal diffusivity " a1 ".

For to be used for one of parameter of representing the working liquid body heat transfer conditions, it vibrates with angular frequency " ω " in liquid-container the degree of depth of heat leak " δ 1 ".When the inside radius " r1 " of liquid-container 111 was designed to equal the degree of depth " δ 1 " of heat leak (in low pressure), the heat exchange amount at cooling segment 133 places between working liquid body 120 and the cooling unit 113 can be controlled at predetermined scope.

According to steam engine 110 of the present invention, the cooling effectiveness at cooling segment 133 places prevents to become too high or too low, thereby gas phase working liquid body (steam) can be liquefied at reasonable time.

Specifically, since in the liquid-container 111 fluid pressure of working liquid body 120 in the thermal diffusivity of the working liquid body 120 of its lower limit as the thermal diffusivity " a1 " in the present embodiment steam engine 110, so cooling effectiveness changes to its following maximum that changes in limited time at the internal liquid pressure (pressure of working liquid body 120) of liquid-container 111.That is, when the volume of working liquid body 120 became its maximum value, gas phase working liquid body 120 did not have energy loss with maximal efficiency liquefaction so that can utilize the expansion energy of working liquid body.

As mentioned above, according to the steam engine 110 of present embodiment, gas phase working liquid body (steam) can liquefy at reasonable time.Working liquid body 120 can suitably vibrate, and reduces at the output energy that output unit 101 produces to prevent the to-and-fro motion by piston 114.In addition, because the liquefaction of gas phase working liquid body 120 can too not postpone, so, prevented because the steam engine that stops the to cause 110 undesired shutdown of liquid vibration in the liquid-container 111.

According to above-mentioned mode of execution, the inside radius " r2 " of liquid-container 111 attachment portions 135 also is designed to so that satisfy following formula (2) and (3):

$\frac{{\left(r2\right)}^2}{2\·a2}=\mathrm{\τ}---\left(2\right)$

ω·τ≥10(3)

Fig. 4 shows the heating part 131 of liquid-container 111 and the amplification cross sectional view of attachment portion 135, and wherein " r2 " is the inside radius of attachment portion 135.

In above-mentioned formula (2), " a2 " is the thermal diffusivity of working liquid body at its high pressure, and its mesohigh means the upper limit of fluid pressure at pressure range.That is, the fluid pressure in the liquid-container is when its maximum value, and thermal diffusivity " a2 " (at the high pressure place) is the thermal diffusivity value of working liquid body.

Fig. 5 shown the left half " ω τ " of formula (3) and the thermal loss ratio that produces by 135 heat transmission from working liquid body 120 to the attachment portion relation.As can be seen from Figure 5, the thermal loss ratio reduces along with the increase of " ω τ " value.

In Fig. 5, as " ω τ " when value is 10, the thermal loss ratio is approximately 16%.Because the inside radius of attachment portion 135 " r2 " is designed to satisfy formula (2) and (3), so the thermal loss of the attachment portion 135 of steam engine 110 can suitably be suppressed to the value less than 20%, wherein " ω τ " is greater than 10.

Less than 20% result, prevented the liquefaction at gas phase working liquid body (steam) 120 135 places as the thermal loss ratio of attachment portion 135 in the attachment portion.The steam of working liquid body 120 can be in cooling segment 133 liquefaction, so that obtain the fully volumetric expansion of the working liquid body of amount in liquid-container 111.

Working liquid body 120 internal liquid pressure can fully be increased to high value in the liquid-container 111, with operated piston effectively, thereby prevent the minimizing of the output energy of output unit 101 places generation.

As shown in Figure 4, the inside radius of heating part 131 is designed to equal the inside radius " r2 " of attachment portion 135.That is, be connected to the smooth interior surfaces of heating part 131 internal surface of attachment portion 135, and without any step portion, so that the motion of the working liquid body 120 between heating part 131 and the attachment portion 135 can smoothly be carried out.

Can prevent under step portion is formed at therebetween situation any energy loss of the working liquid body that when heating part 131 moves to attachment portion 135, produces when working liquid body.Correspondingly, also can prevent to export the possibility of energy minimizing at output unit 101 places.

As Fig. 3 or shown in Figure 1, the inside radius " r1 " of the inside radius of heating part 131 and cooling segment 133 is designed to equal the inside radius " r2 " of attachment portion 135.That is, heating and cooling part 131 and 133 internal surface and the internal surface smooth connection each other of attachment portion 135 are so that working liquid body 120 can smoothly move in liquid-container 111.

Yet the inside radius of heating and/or cooling segment 131 and 133 is not the inside radius that must be designed to accurately equal attachment portion 135.As long as when heating and/or the inside radius of cooling segment 131 and 133 is approaching when equaling the inside radius of (no better than) attachment portion 135, just can obtain the smooth motion of working liquid body 120 in the liquid-container 111.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned mode of execution, and any improved procedure is all in protection scope of the present invention.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, thermal diffusivity " a1 " is defined as when the value of internal liquid pressure when pressure range minimum value (lower limit).When the pressure range that is limited to 25% the value that is higher than whole pressure range lower limit from pressure range following is defined as the downforce scope, thermal diffusivity " a1 " can be selected one arbitrarily from the thermal diffusivity the downforce scope, so that the working liquid body of gas phase can be vaporized at reasonable time.

Therefore, inside radius " r1 " at cooling segment 133 is designed to equal or the approaching degree of depth " δ 1 " (at the low pressure range place) that equals heat leak, and the degree of depth " δ 1 " is by in the liquid-container 111 of formula (1) with thermal diffusivity " a1 " (at low pressure range) calculating, and the working liquid body 120 at cooling segment 133 places and the heat exchange amount between the cooling unit 113 can be controlled in the prespecified range.

According to the steam engine 110 with above liquid-container 111, gas phase working liquid body (steam) 120 can liquefy in due course, thereby can prevent the minimizing at output unit 101 places output energy.

In above mode of execution, the inside radius of attachment portion 135 is designed to " ω τ " value and is set at greater than " 10 ".Further reduce at needs under the situation of thermal loss, reach requirement by obtaining higher value place " ω τ " value.

For example, as shown in Figure 5, if require the thermal loss ratio less than 10%, then the inside radius of attachment portion 135 " r2 " so designs so that " ω τ " value is set at greater than " 20 ".If require the thermal loss ratio less than 5%, then the inside radius of attachment portion 135 " r2 " so designs so that " ω τ " value is set at greater than " 30 ".In addition, if require the thermal loss ratio less than 2%, then the inside radius of attachment portion 135 " r2 " so designs so that " ω τ " value is set at greater than " 100 ".

Heating equipment 112 is not limited to the device that is used for thermal source from the waste gas of motor.The heating equipment of Electric heating appliance or using gases burning can be used as heating equipment 112.

(second mode of execution)

With reference to Fig. 6 to 9 explanation second mode of execution of the present invention, wherein same label is used to indicate the part same or similar to first mode of execution below.

In Fig. 6, the heating part 131 of the first straight-tube portion 111b, attachment portion 135 and cooling segment 133 all are made of a plurality of tubule parts 215, and the bottom of the first straight-tube portion 111b is made of concentrate tube part 216.Each lower end of tubule part 215 all is communicated with concentrate tube part 216, and each upper end of tubule part 215 is all sealed.

Heating equipment 112 and cooling unit 113 form respectively around the heating part 131 of a plurality of tubule parts 215 and cooling segment 133.

Fig. 7 has shown the amplification cross-sectional of heating and cooling device 112 and 113, and wherein working liquid body 120 liquid levels in each tubule part 215 promote downwards.Arrow in each tubule part 215 (among Fig. 7) represents to be used for to promote the pressure direction of the gas phase working liquid body of liquid phase working liquid body 120 downwards.

As shown in Figure 7, when the liquid level of downward promotion liquid phase working liquid body 120, the liquid phase working liquid body moves to the second straight-tube portion 111c from the first straight-tube portion 111b, with the piston 114 that moves up.

When liquid level is moved down into cooling segment 133, steam enter cooling segment 133 around tubular portion, steam is by cooling segment 133 cooling and liquefaction.Be used for promoting the pressure disappearance of the first straight-tube portion 111b liquid phase working liquid body downwards, thereby the liquid level of the first tubular portion 111b moved up (process from the isothermal compression to the adiabatic compression).The piston 114 of generator (output unit) 101 correspondingly moves down.

Because cooling and heating part 112 and 113 are made up of a plurality of tubule parts 215, so, the surface area of those parts that contact with working liquid body 120 increased; Increased the heat exchange area between heating/cooling unit 112/113 and the working liquid body 120.Promote heat exchange amount, thereby increased heat transference efficiency.

Therefore, can increase heat exchange amount, and not change the preset temperature (that is, do not increase the temperature that is used for heating equipment 112, and do not reduce the temperature that is used for cooling unit 113) that is used for heating and cooling device 112 and 113.

Therefore, as the result who improves energy transfer efficiency, increased energy by output unit 101 outputs.

When with present embodiment and amplify the surface area be used for heat exchange so that surface area becomes the situation of the single tube part that equals the present embodiment surface area when comparing, the entity content of liquid-container 111 of the present invention (having a plurality of little tubular portions) can be made as the entity content less than the single tube part.

Therefore, according to second mode of execution, can increase the output energy by increasing heat exchange efficiency, simultaneously, steam engine can be made as small size.

In second mode of execution, the high-temp waste gas of discharging from motor is used for the thermal source (heating liquid) of heating equipment 112, and wherein waste gas contacts with the heating part 131 of liquid-container 111, with the working liquid body in the liquid heating vessel 111 120.

Fig. 8 has shown the perspective view of internal structure of heating equipment 112 and the flow direction of thermal source (waste gas).

Heating equipment 112 comprises the box-shaped shell (not shown) with entrance and exit (not shown).Heating equipment 112 also is included in a plurality of radiating fin 218 in the housing, and wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the radiating fin 218, so that tubule part 215 is inserted through hole.Heated air (waste gas) flows to housing by inlet, and the arrow direction indication in Fig. 8 flows through the inside of housing.

When waste gas in housing when upstream side (inlet side) flows to downstream side (outlet survey), because the heat of waste gas is absorbed by the working liquid body in the tubule part 215, so the temperature of waste gas descends from the upstream side to the downstream side gradually.

As shown in Figure 9, part has thereon shown the temperature variation curve of the relative flow direction of waste gas (being from upstream to the downstream).In its underpart, shown the amplification cross sectional view of heating equipment 112.In Fig. 9, a plurality of tubule parts 215 that have same surface area have each other been shown.

Under the situation of heating equipment shown in Figure 9 112, the heat that absorbs at upstream side tubule part 215 places is different from the heat that absorbs at downstream side tubule part 215 places.The pressure that each tubule partly produces is also different, thereby makes the time of vaporizing in each tubular portion also different each other.In other words, time of increasing in each tubular portion 215 of fluid pressure also differs from one another.

When vaporization time differs from one another, the same with the heating equipment of above Fig. 9, the energy consumption of liquid motion of working liquid body 120 that is used for having the tubule part 215 of high liquid pressure is used for reducing the volume of the gas phase working liquid body of other tubule parts 215 with low fluid pressure.Thus, make the energy consumption that produces by working liquid body vaporization in having the tubule part 215 of different internal liquid pressure.The liquid motion does not take place in the bottom pipe portion 111a and the second straight-tube portion 111c, and the variation of the fluid pressure in the heating equipment 112 is delivered to piston 114 by halves.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, the diameter " L2 " of the tubule part 215 in exhaust flow downstream side is made as that (L1＜L2) is so that the surface area of downstream tube part is greater than the surface area of upstream tube part greater than the diameter " L1 " of the tubule part 215 of upstream side.When partly separating with the upstream tube of exhaust flow direction along with tubular portion, the surface area of little tubular portion increases gradually, so that when partly separating with upstream tube along with little tubular portion, increases the hot collect performance from waste gas.

Fig. 9 shown the curve and the cross sectional view of heating equipment 112, wherein can represent by formula to Q5 at the heat Q1 that each (five different) tubule part 215 is collected.

In formula shown in Figure 9, " h " is thermal transmission coefficient [W/m ²* k], and " TW " is the temperature " K " of the preceding tubule part 215 of heating." T1 " arrives " T5 " is the exhaust gas temperature of having passed through each tubule part 215 from the upstream side to the downstream side." A1 " arrives the surface area that " A5 " is the heating part of each tubule part 215.

In order to make, require " Q1 " is equal to each other to " Q5 " from approaching being equal to each other of heat of the gas sampling of each little tubular portion.Should be clear, the thermal transmission coefficient " h " of tubule part 215 and temperature " TW " approaching being equal to each other in these five little tubular portions before the heating.Also should be clear, the temperature of waste gas " T1 " arrives and has relation between " T5 ": T1＞T2＞T3＞T4＞T5.

Therefore, can concern A1＜A2＜A3＜A4＜A5, make " Q1 " to " Q5 " near being equal to each other by the area that makes each little tubular portion is satisfied.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the tubule part 215 of liquid-container 111 so forms so that the surface area of these little tubular portions increases gradually from the direction of swimming over to the downstream side of exhaust flow.

In above liquid-container 111, the hot collect performance of each tubule part 215 is from upstream to the downstream side to be increased.As a result, even be from upstream under the situation that the downstream side reduces in the temperature of waste gas, the difference of the heat of collecting in each tubule part 215 can reduce to very little amount, and the imbalance of liquid internal pressure in each tubule part 215 is minimized.

As mentioned above, by the hydraulic pressure in the little tubular portion is reduced to minimum flow, the liquid-container 111 with steam engine 110 of a plurality of tubule parts 215 has prevented the uneconomical consumption of energy in other tubule parts 215.The fluid pressure of working liquid body 120 can suitably be applied to piston 114, and can obtain suitable mechanical energy at output unit 101 places.

(the 3rd mode of execution)

10 explanations are according to the steam engine 110 of the 3rd mode of execution below with reference to accompanying drawings, and wherein connected part 243 is arranged to communicate with each other with tubule part 215.

Steam engine 110 is different with second mode of execution (Fig. 6 to 8) on the structure of the first straight-tube portion 111b head portion.

Figure 10 has shown the cross sectional view of the first straight-tube portion 111b, heating equipment 112 and cooling unit 113 head portions, and wherein the fluid pressure by steam in the liquid-container 111 promotes liquid phase working liquid body 120 downwards.

As shown in figure 10, connected part 243 is formed at the top of liquid-container 111 with the tubule part 215 that communicates with each other (in the upper end of heating part 131), so that the inner space of connected part 243 is communicated with the inner space of all tubule parts 215.

Because working liquid body (gas phase) 120 can move in tubule part 215, so the internal liquid pressure of each little tubular portion can be made as and be equal to each other or equal substantially.

The working liquid body of gas phase can move sooner than liquid phase working liquid body, and most of high pressure vapor working liquid body produces on the top of tubule part 215 (at the heating part 131 of liquid-container 111).Therefore, the high pressure vapor working liquid body can move in tubule part 215 by connected part 243.

In above structure, even the vaporization time in each tubule part 215 (pressure increases the time) differs from one another, the pressure difference in the tubule part 215 also can be eliminated immediately by connected part 243.

(improved procedure of the second and the 3rd mode of execution)

Can carry out various improvement to above mode of execution.

In the steam engine that Figure 11 shows, along with tubule part 215 is elongated with the distance of heating equipment 112 upstream sides, the length of the heating part 131 of tubule part 215 is made as longer.The surface area of heating part 131 increases gradually from the downstream side of swimming over to of heating equipment 112.

As shown in figure 12, connected part 243 is not the top that must be arranged on tubule part 215, but can be arranged on any other part of heating part 131.

In addition, as shown in figure 13, connected part 243 is not the same height that must be arranged on heating part 131, but can be arranged on the different heights of tubule part 215.

In addition, as shown in figure 14, connected part 243 is not must be set to communicate with each other with all tubule parts 215, and can be configured such that one group of little tubular portion and another group communicate with each other, communicate with each other with the little tubular portion that is independent of other groups of first group of little tubular portion and make another organize little tubular portion.

In Figure 14, first connected part 245 and the second and the 4th little tubular portion communicate with each other, and second connected part 246 and first, the 3rd and the 5th little tubular portion communicate with each other.

According to present inventor's experiment, can affirm, more than average fluid pressure in first group of (245) little tubular portion near equaling second group of average fluid pressure in (246) little tubular portion.

What heating equipment 112 was not limited to above-mentioned explanation provides the heating equipment of heated air by external heat source (as internal-combustion engine), and can comprise electric heater and gas burner.In this improved steam engine, the little tubular portion of each of heating equipment can heat the thermal change that supplies to each little tubular portion with reduction separately.

Heating equipment 112 and cooling unit 113 can be set to close to each other, and do not have the attachment portion.The quantity of little tubular portion is not limited to five.

(the 4th mode of execution)

Below with reference to accompanying drawings 15,16A and 16B illustrate the 4th mode of execution of the present invention.

Below with reference to accompanying drawings 15, the first straight-tube portion 111b of 16A and 16B explanation heating equipment 112, wherein Figure 16 A and 16B have shown the internal structure of heating part (112), it is arranged on the top 318 of the first straight-tube portion 111b.

A plurality of narrow grooves 340 are formed at the internal surface of the heating part (112) of tubular portion 111b.Narrow groove 340 is to cooling segment (113) longitudinal extension of tubular portion 111b.Narrow groove 340 so forms to produce wicking by the liquid phase working liquid body among the tubular portion 111b.The internal surface that water-proof surface 342 is formed at tubular portion 111b in heating part (112) and the position between the cooling segment (113) (in the lower end of narrow groove 340) of tubular portion 111b.

In the steam engine 110 of the 4th mode of execution, gas is filled in the first straight-tube portion 111b, so that the inner space of heating part (112) can not be filled with the working liquid body of liquid phase.

Identical with the mode of first mode of execution, piston 114 remains in the cylinder 115 movably.When the fluid pressure in the liquid-container 111 increased, piston 114 was moved upwards up to its dead point, top, and when the fluid pressure in the liquid-container 111 reduced, piston 114 was moved down into its dead point, bottom.

When piston 114 moved down, the liquid surface of the liquid phase working liquid body among the first straight-tube portion 111b moved up.And when piston 114 arrived its dead point, bottom, the liquid level of the first straight-tube portion 111b arrived its extreme higher position.

According to present embodiment, shown in Figure 16 A, when liquid level arrived extreme higher position among the first straight-tube portion 111b, liquid level arrived the lower end of narrow groove 340.

Then, because wicking, the liquid phase working liquid body supplies to the internal surface of heating part (112) by narrow groove 340.Then, working liquid body heats and vaporization by heating equipment 112, and makes the volumetric expansion of working liquid body in liquid-container 111 by vaporization.

Shown in Figure 16 B, the liquid surface of working liquid body is shifted the position that is lower than water-proof surface 342 downwards onto.Thereby upwards promote the liquid surface at 320 places, upper end of the second straight-tube portion 111c.The moving part 102 of piston 114 and output unit 101 moves up.

The bottom of gas phase working liquid body further moves down by the volumetric expansion of vaporization, and enters the space of the cooling segment of cooling unit 113.

The gas phase working liquid body is in cooling segment (113) cooling and liquefaction, and the working liquid body volume shrinkage in the liquid-container 111.

Because the volume shrinkage of working liquid body, the liquid level among the first straight-tube portion 111b moves up, and the liquid level among the second straight-tube portion 111c moves down.Piston 114 and moving part 102 are by the pushed down of spring 103.When piston 114 moved to its dead point, bottom, the liquid level among the first straight-tube portion 111b was moved upwards up to narrow groove 340 (Figure 16 A).

Expansion and contraction with upper volume repeat with reciprocal mobile piston 114 and moving part 102, so that produce electric power.

In above steam engine 110, the extreme higher position of liquid level is at the upper/lower positions of narrow groove 340 among the first straight-tube portion 111b, and just supplies to the working liquid body of heating part (112) internal surface by narrow groove 340 by the liquid phase working liquid body of heating equipment 112 heating.Thereby the liquid phase working liquid body of the heating part (112) of vaporizing fully.

As mentioned above, by heating equipment 112 heating but the amount of unvaporized liquid phase working liquid body be a minimum.That is, thermal loss is minimum.

Because water-proof surface 342 is formed at the bottom of narrow groove 340, so, can more correctly carry out the motion (the autoexcitation vibration of working liquid body) of working liquid body in the liquid-container 111.

When the vaporization of working liquid body by working liquid body promoted downwards in the first straight-tube portion 111b, liquid level further moved to the position (Figure 16 B) that is lower than water-proof surface 342 by water-proof surface 342.

When working liquid body promotes as mentioned above, between narrow groove 340 and liquid level, has water-proof surface 342 downwards.Therefore, prevented that the liquid phase working liquid body from passing narrow groove 340 by wicking and continuing upwards to arrive heating part (112).

After even liquid level has promoted downwards, the liquid phase working liquid body in the narrow groove 340 that remains on heating part (112) continues also can not carry out the stable operation of working liquid body autoexcitation vibration under the situation of heating and vaporization.Yet,, prevented the continuation vaporization of liquid phase working liquid body by water-proof surface 342 according to present embodiment.

The structure of heating part (112) internal surface is not limited to a plurality of narrow groove 340 of Figure 16 A.

Figure 17 has shown the view of heating part inner surface structure improved procedure.In Figure 17, a plurality of narrow groove 340a are formed at the internal surface of the first straight-tube portion 111b, and are identical with the mode of Figure 16 A, extend in the Vertical direction of heating part.In addition, a large amount of microflute 340b that told by narrow groove 340a are formed at internal surface.Therefore increased the surface area of narrow groove 340a and microflute 340b, so that a large amount of relatively liquid phase working liquid bodys can be supplied to heating part (112).

Owing to can increase the amount of liquid phase working liquid body, promptly pass through the amount of the gas phase working liquid body of vaporization, so, can correspondingly increase the output of steam engine 110.

The narrow groove 340 (340a) that is formed at internal surface regularly can form by machining or chemical treatment such as etching and processing.The microflute 340b that is formed at internal surface erratically equally also can form by chemical treatment such as etching and processing, so that make the internal surface roughening.Microflute 340b can alternatively form by forming erratic dimpling surface, and wherein metal separation forms in the Electrolytic solution by tubular portion 111b is flooded into.

As shown in figure 18, water-proof surface 343 can be formed at the internal surface of heating part (112), rather than is formed at narrow groove 340 (340a) and microflute 340b.

For example, water-proof surface 343 can form by following method:

(1) protective layer is by suction stupalith such as CaF ₂, CaO, MgO, Al ₂O ₃, BeO, ZnO, TiO ₂, SiO ₂, SnO ₂, Cu ₂O, Na ₂S, B ₂O ₂, formation such as CaS, CuO.

At protective layer by SiO ₂The suction stupalith of (glass) forms, and under the situation that the heating part of the first tubular portion 111b is formed by aluminium, protective layer can form in this way so that heating part (adhesion is by liquid glass it on) heats.

(2) combining hydrophilic base such as hydroxy (OH yl), carboxyl (COOH yl).

(3) under the situation that tubular portion 111b is done by metal such as copper, the sintered metal materials of foam metal or diffusion bonding material adhesion are to the internal surface of tubular portion 111b heating part (112).The raw material that adhesion material is preferably same with tubular portion 111b.

(4) under the situation that tubular portion 111b is made by the agglomerated material of carbon, (Si-O-H yl) is combined to the internal surface of tubular portion 111b.

Above water sucting surface 343 also can be formed on the surface of narrow groove 340 (340a) and microflute 340b, so that can quickly the liquid phase working liquid body be supplied to heating part (112).Can increase the response of steam engine 110, promptly the frequency of the autoexcitation of working liquid body vibration can be separated into higher frequency range in the liquid-container.

Have than water more the liquid such as the ethanol of low surface tension can be used as working liquid body so that can apace the liquid phase working liquid body be supplied to heating part (112).Under the situation that makes water as working liquid body, detergent can be mixed in the water to reduce surface tension.

(the 5th mode of execution)

19A, 19B to 21 illustrate the 5th mode of execution of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings.

Figure 19 A has shown the sketch of the steam engine 110 of the 5th mode of execution, and Figure 19 B has shown the enlarged perspective of the heating equipment 112A that irises out by the dotted line among Figure 19 A, and Figure 20 A and 20B have shown the end face view of the heating part of heating equipment 112A.

The 5th mode of execution is different from heating part that above the 4th mode of execution part is heating equipment 112A and is formed by the heating part 322 of disc type, and it is arranged on the top of the first straight-tube portion 111b, and has horizontally extending disc type internal surface 324.Heating equipment 112A is arranged on the periphery of heating part 322.

In the 5th mode of execution, by reducing the amount at the working liquid body of heating equipment 112A heating and vaporization to greatest extent, the vertical thickness of heating equipment 112A " T1 " is made as less to increase the thermal efficiency of steam engine 110.For example, shown in Figure 19 A, thickness " T1 " is made as the diameter " T2 " less than the first straight-tube portion 111b.

Shown in Figure 20 A, a plurality of narrow groove 327a that is communicated with extend radially outwardly (regularly) of central opening 326 from the top with the first straight-tube portion 111b is formed at internal surface 324.A plurality of microflute 327b also are formed at (erratically) internal surface 324.Narrow groove 327a and microflute 327b so form so that produce wicking by the liquid phase working liquid body among the tubular portion 111b.Identical with the mode of above the 4th mode of execution, narrow groove 327a and microflute 327b can be processed to form by machining and chemical etching.

The structure that is formed at the groove (327a and 327b) of internal surface 324 is not limited to the structure shown in Figure 20 A.For example, the structure of groove can be made as the structure shown in Figure 20 B, and wherein narrow groove 328 forms regularly.Narrow groove 328a extends radially outwardly from central opening 326, and narrow groove 328b forms the concentric circle that relative central opening 326 has different-diameter.

In the steam engine 110 of the 5th mode of execution, gas is filled in the heating part 322, so that the inner space of heating part can not be filled with the liquid phase working liquid body.

When piston 114 moved to its dead point, bottom, the liquid level among the first straight-tube portion 111b moved to the extreme higher position that its center hole 326 is filled with working liquid body.

Because wicking, the liquid phase working liquid body spreads to total inner surface 324 by narrow groove 327 (328).By heating equipment 112A heating and vaporization, make the volumetric expansion of working liquid body in the liquid-container 111.

Owing to be formed at narrow groove 327 (328) horizontal-extendings of heating part 322, because it is very little that the horizontal motion of liquid phase working liquid body is subjected to the influence of gravity, so the liquid phase working liquid body is higher than the steam engine of the 4th mode of execution (Figure 15 to 18) by the feed speed of groove 327 (328).Correspondingly increased the response of steam engine 110.

As shown in figure 21, water sucting surface 329 can be formed at the internal surface 324 of heating part, rather than narrow groove 327 (328), to promote that working liquid body supplies to heating part.Water sucting surface also can form in the same mode of the 4th mode of execution.

Water sucting surface 329 can also be formed at the surface of narrow groove 327 and 328, with the feed speed of further increase working liquid body.

(the 6th mode of execution)

22 the 6th mode of execution of the present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings.

Figure 22 is the improved procedure of the 4th mode of execution (Figure 15 to 18) and the top that has shown the first straight-tube portion 111b.The difference of the 6th mode of execution and the 4th mode of execution is that arm 350 is arranged on the top of the first straight-tube portion 111b, and wherein the upper end of arm 350 is connected to the part " A " of heating part (112) and is connected to the part " B " of the straight-tube portion that is lower than heating equipment 112 in its lower end.The inner diameter of arm 350 so designs, so that the liquid phase working liquid body supplies to heating part (part A) by wicking.

In the steam engine 110 of the 6th mode of execution, gas is filled in the heating part (112), so that the inner space of heating part can not be filled with the liquid phase working liquid body.

When the piston that is arranged on second straight-tube portion moves to its dead point, bottom, liquid level among the first straight-tube portion 111b is in the position of the part that is higher than arm 350 a little " B ", so that because wicking liquid phase working liquid body upwards supplies to heating part (112) by arm 350.

According to the 6th mode of execution, be limited to the amount that working liquid body is supplied to heating part by arm 350 in the amount of the liquid phase working liquid body of heating equipment 112 places heating and vaporization.Thereby the liquid phase of vaporizing fully working liquid body.

As mentioned above, heating but do not vaporize and the working solution scale of construction of shifting to cooling unit can be minimum is so that the thermal loss minimum.

Narrow groove (340) and/or water sucting surface (343) also can be formed at the internal surface of arm 350.

Claims (4)

1. steam engine comprises:

Wherein be filled with the transportable liquid-container of working liquid body and working liquid body (111);

Be used for the working liquid body of liquid heating vessel (111) and vaporize the heating equipment (112) of working liquid body with generation steam;

Be used for cooling and liquefaction cooling unit (113) by the steam of heating equipment (112) vaporization; And

Output unit (101) has the moving part (102) that the variation in pressure by working liquid body in the liquid-container (111) moves back and forth, and output is by the energy of the to-and-fro motion conversion of moving part (102),

Wherein liquid-container (111) comprises barrel portion (111a), and described barrel portion has heating part (131), is provided with heating equipment (112) in the office, heating unit, and cooling segment (133), is provided with cooling unit (113) in the cooling part office, and

Wherein each in heating part (131) and the cooling segment (133) all comprises a plurality of little tubular portions (215).

2. steam engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Heating equipment (112) comprises the housing around the heating part (131) of liquid-container (111b), so that a plurality of little tubular portion (215) of heating part (131) is arranged in the housing, heated liquid flows through the heating part (131) of the inside of housing with liquid heating vessel (111b), and

The surface area that is arranged on the little tubular portion (215) in heating liquid downstream side is made as the surface area greater than the little tubular portion (215) that is arranged on the heating liquid upstream side.

3. steam engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Liquid-container (111b) also comprises and is used for connected part (243) that one of little tubular portion (215) is communicated with another little tubular portion (215) of locating at its heating part (131).

4. steam engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Liquid-container (111b) also comprises and is used for connected part (243) that all little tubular portions (215) are located to communicate with each other at its heating part (131).

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