CN100586749C - Method and device for distributing load between axles of vehicle - Google Patents
Method and device for distributing load between axles of vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100586749C CN100586749C CN200580039608A CN200580039608A CN100586749C CN 100586749 C CN100586749 C CN 100586749C CN 200580039608 A CN200580039608 A CN 200580039608A CN 200580039608 A CN200580039608 A CN 200580039608A CN 100586749 C CN100586749 C CN 100586749C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- load
- vehicle bridge
- vehicle
- limit value
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G5/00—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/0152—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/0152—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
- B60G17/0155—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit pneumatic unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/016—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/018—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the use of a specific signal treatment or control method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/60—Load
- B60G2400/61—Load distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/60—Load
- B60G2400/64—Wheel forces, e.g. on hub, spindle or bearing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
In a method of distributing load between at least two axles of a vehicle, the axle loads normally being at their respective normal values, vehicle speed and axle loads are sensed. At vehicle speeds =a first limit value, the load on at least one first axle is increased to a first predetermined value and the load on at least one second axle is decreased. If the load on said at least one second axleis = a second predetermined value, the increased load on said at least one first axle and the decreased load on said at least one second axle are maintained. If the load on said at least one second axle is <= the second predetermined value at vehicle speeds = a second limit value, the load on said at least one first axle is decreased to its normal value and the load on said at least one second axle is increased to its normal value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to vehicle, and more specifically relate to a kind of method and apparatus that is used between the vehicle bridge of vehicle, distributing load.
Background technology
In having the vehicle of bogie truck, for example have or do not have the city motor bus and the truck of trailer, with during turning than low velocity, especially in city traffic, tire wear is very remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method and apparatus that is used to reduce tire wear.
Distributing between at least two vehicle bridge at vehicle according to the present invention in the method for load, axle load is in their normal values separately usually, this realizes by senses vehicle speed and axle load, when car speed≤first limit value, load at least one first vehicle bridge is increased to first predetermined value, and reduce the load at least one second vehicle bridge, if load 〉=second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge, then keep increased load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and the load that has reduced on described at least one second vehicle bridge, if and when car speed 〉=second limit value load＜second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge, then the load on described at least one first vehicle bridge is reduced to its normal value, and the load on described at least one second vehicle bridge is increased to its normal value.
In one embodiment, car speed≤predetermined very first time section of described first limit value after, increase the load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and reduce load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
In one embodiment, car speed 〉=described second limit value is after second predetermined time period, reduce the load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and increase load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
In one embodiment, described second limit value 〉=described first limit value.
Purpose of the present invention also can realize by a kind of device, this device is used for distributing the device of load between at least two vehicle bridge of vehicle, this axle load is in their normal values separately usually, and described device comprises: first module is used for senses vehicle speed and axle load; Second module is used for the load at least one first vehicle bridge being increased to first predetermined value, and reducing the load at least one second vehicle bridge when car speed≤first limit value; The 3rd module if be used for load 〉=second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge, then keeps increased load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and the load that has reduced on described at least one second vehicle bridge; And four module, if be used for load＜second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge when car speed 〉=second limit value, then the load on described at least one first vehicle bridge is reduced to its normal value, and the load on described at least one second vehicle bridge is increased to its normal value, wherein, described car speed≤predetermined very first time section of described first limit value after, described second module increases the described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and reduces described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
By means of the method and the arrangement according to the invention, with the tire wear that reduces widely on the vehicle.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to accompanying drawings the present invention is carried out more concrete introduction, in the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic top view according to the vehicle of the embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 2 is the diagram of circuit that step according to one embodiment of the method for the invention is described.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is a scheme drawing according to an embodiment of the invention, and it is used at the drive axle with two-wheel 21 of vehicle and has between the auxiliary vehicle bridge (tag axle) 3 of single-wheel 4 distributing load (not being shown specifically).
Vehicle can be the city motor bus that has or do not have trailer, has or does not have the truck of trailer or have the truck of superimposed trailer, perhaps any similar vehicle.
In the embodiment in figure 1, in known in fact mode,, between vehicle frame 7 and hanging beam 8, there are two air bellows 5,5 ' on the left side of vehicle, and have two air bellows 6,6 ' on the right of vehicle for drive axle 1.
For auxiliary vehicle bridge 3, same in known in fact mode, air bellow 9 and 9 ' is arranged between the vehicle frame 7 and auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 of vehicle respective side.
The air bellow 5,5 ' and 6,6 ' that is used for drive axle 1 is connected respectively to the electrically-controlled valve (not shown) of valve unit 12 by pipe 10 and 11, wherein from the compressed-air supply valve unit 12 such as sources of the gas such as compressor 13, and the air bellow 9,9 ' that is used for auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 is connected respectively to the valve of valve unit 12 by pipe 15 and 16.
Air bellow 5,5 ', 6,6 ', 9,9 ' compressed-air actuated flowing are travelled to and fro between in the control of the electrically-controlled valve of valve unit 12, the control signal that receives from computing machine 17 via wire harness 18 with response.
Memory cell can for example be ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory.
In the embodiment in figure 1, treater 19 is connected to 23,24,25 and output ports 26 of three input ports of computing machine 17.Should be appreciated that computing machine 17 can comprise other input port and output port.
The input port 23 of computing machine 17 is connected to the corresponding output end of two pressure sensors 28,29 via lead 27, these two pressure sensors 28,29 are connected respectively to the air bellow 5 and 6 that is used for drive axle 1, will offer treater 19 about the data of air pressure with the air pressure of each air bellow 5,6 of sensing and via input port 23.
According to barometric information, treater 19 is in the load of calculating under the control of computer program 21 on the drive axle 1.
The input port 24 of computing machine 17 is connected to the corresponding output end of two pressure sensors 31,32 via lead 30, and these two pressure sensors 31,32 are connected respectively to the air bellow 9 that is used for auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 and 9 ' will offer treater 19 about the data of air pressure with each air bellow of sensing 9,9 ' air pressure and via input port 24.
According to barometric information, treater 19 is in the load of calculating under the control of computer program 21 on the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3.
The input port 25 of computing machine 17 is suitable for receiving the vehicle velocity signal S of expression car speed.
According to the present invention, in memory device 22, set the first and second predetermined vehicle speed limit values.The first car speed limit value for example 30km/h can be set at, and the second car speed limit value for example 60km/h can be set at.It should be understood, however, that the second car speed limit value can be identical with the first car speed limit value.
According to the present invention, in memory device 22, set the predetermined limit definite value of drive axle load and the predetermined limit definite value of auxiliary axle load equally.
Under the nominal situation of vehicle, the load on drive axle 1 and the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 remains on by the determined normal value of air bellow characteristic.Usually, utilize valve unit 12, the air pressure in all air bellows 5,5 ', 6,6 ', 9,9 ' is kept identical.
With reference to the diagram of circuit of figure 2, introduce the embodiment of the method according to this invention.
In the step S 1 of Fig. 2, the data that treater 19 among Fig. 1 receives about the air pressure in the air bellow 5,6 of drive axle via input port 23, receive the data of the air pressure in the air bellow 9,9 ' about auxiliary vehicle bridge via input port 24, and the data that receive about car speed via the input port 25 of computing machine 17.
Suppose: in step S1, keep static when vehicle begins.
According to the present invention, tire wear for the wheel 4 of the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 among the embodiment that for example reduces Fig. 1 particularly, when it is turned with low speed, when the load on the drive axle 1 is increased to the predetermined value that sets in the memory device 22, reduce the load on the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3.
In order to realize this purpose, in step S2, enquiring vehicle speed whether≤first limit value, i.e. 30km/h in the present embodiment.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S2 is "No", then axle load is remained on their normal value constant.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S2 is "Yes", then in step S3, treater 19 valve of by-pass valve control unit 12 in such a manner under the control of computer program 21, the air bellow 9 of feasible auxiliary vehicle bridge 3,9 ' via pipe 15,16 venting are to reduce the air bellow 9 of auxiliary vehicle bridge, air pressure in 9 ', thereby reduce auxiliary axle load, simultaneously the air bellow 5 of drive axle 1,5 ', 6,6 ' via pipe 10,11 inflations are to increase the air bellow 5 of drive axle, 5 ', 6, air pressure in 6 ' is to increase to the predetermined value that sets in the memory device 22 with the drive axle load thus.When the pressure in the air bellow 5,5 ', 6,6 ' reach with memory device 22 in the maximum set when allowing the pairing set pressure of load, stop auxiliary vehicle bridge air bellow 9,9 ' venting.
Preferably,, be equal to or less than predetermined very first time section of 30km/h up to car speed in order to make the air consumption minimum, for example several seconds, just increase the load on the drive axle 1 and reduce load on the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3.
In step S4, the load on the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 of inquiry whether 〉=predetermined value that sets in the memory device 22, this predetermined value is corresponding with the load at the satisfactory place of vehicle performance.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S4 is "Yes", then keep the load of drive axle load that from step S3, increases and the auxiliary vehicle bridge that reduces.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S4 is "No", that is, the load＜predetermined value of auxiliary vehicle bridge, then in step S5 enquiring vehicle speed whether 〉=second limit value that sets in the memory device 22, i.e. 60km/h in the present embodiment.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S5 is "No" then to keep the axle load among the step S3.
If replying of the inquiry among the step S5 is "Yes", promptly, treater 19 detects car speed 〉=60km/h via input port 25 from vehicle velocity signal S, then in step S6, treater 19 valve of by-pass valve control unit 12 in such a manner under the control of computer program 16, the air bellow 9 of feasible auxiliary vehicle bridge 3,9 ' via pipe 15,16 inflations are to increase the air bellow 9 of auxiliary vehicle bridge, 9 ' air pressure, thereby the load that will assist vehicle bridge increases to its normal value, the air bellow 5 of while drive axle 1,5 ', 6,6 ' via pipe 10,11 venting are to reduce the air bellow 5 of drive axle, 5 ', 6, air pressure in 6 ', thus the load of drive axle is reduced to its normal value.Thereby the load distribution between the vehicle bridge turns back to normal allocation.
Preferably, in order to make the air consumption minimum, be equal to or higher than second a predetermined time period of 60km/h (can equal first predetermined amount of time) up to car speed, promptly several seconds, just increased the load on the auxiliary vehicle bridge 3 and reduce load on the drive axle 1.
Then, pressure in the air bellow 5,5 ', 6,6 ', 9,9 ' is remained on their normal values separately, up to next time in step S2, treater detects car speed and is equal to or less than 30km/h once more, the first speed limit value that promptly sets in the memory device 22.
As mentioned above, the second speed limit value can be equal to or higher than the first speed limit value.
Utilize the present invention, in described embodiment, reduced the tire wear on auxiliary vehicle bridge especially.
The present invention is applicable to the vehicle with bogie truck that comprises two above vehicle bridge too.
Embodiment
In the city motor bus that for example is in weight when empty, promptly have actuator, total mass is that load distribution is as follows in the unloaded city motor bus of 14300kg: propons 4200kg, drive axle 5800kg, and auxiliary vehicle bridge 4300kg.
When using when of the present invention, promptly with low speed, for example when car speed≤30km/h, load distribution is as follows: propons 3400kg, drive axle 9500kg (predetermined value), and auxiliary vehicle bridge 1400kg.
The load that this means auxiliary vehicle bridge has reduced near 70%, and these abrasion that hinting auxiliary vehicle bridge tire will reduce.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of between at least two vehicle bridge of vehicle, distributing load, this axle load is in their normal values separately usually, and wherein:
-senses vehicle speed and axle load,
-when car speed≤first limit value, the described load at least one first vehicle bridge is increased to first predetermined value, and reduce the described load at least one second vehicle bridge,
If described load 〉=second predetermined value on-described at least one second vehicle bridge then keeps increased load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and the load that has reduced on described at least one second vehicle bridge, and
If described load＜described second predetermined value on-described at least one second vehicle bridge, then when car speed 〉=second limit value, described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge is reduced to its normal value, and the described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge is increased to its normal value, it is characterized in that, described car speed≤described first limit value and continue a predetermined very first time section after, increase the described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and reduce described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described car speed 〉=described second limit value and continue second a predetermined time period after, reduce the described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and increase described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
3, according to each described method among the claim 1-2, it is characterized in that described second limit value 〉=described first limit value.
4, a kind of device that between at least two vehicle bridge of vehicle, distributes load, this axle load is in their normal values separately usually, and described device comprises:
-the first module is used for senses vehicle speed and axle load,
-the second module is used for the described load at least one first vehicle bridge being increased to first predetermined value, and reducing the described load at least one second vehicle bridge when car speed≤first limit value,
-Di three modules if be used for described load 〉=second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge, then keep increased load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and the load that has reduced on described at least one second vehicle bridge, and
-Di four module, if be used for described load＜described second predetermined value on described at least one second vehicle bridge, then when car speed 〉=second limit value, described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge is reduced to its normal value, and the described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge is increased to its normal value
Wherein, described car speed≤described first limit value and continue a predetermined very first time section after, described second module increases the described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and reduces described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
5, device according to claim 4, wherein described car speed 〉=described second limit value and continue second a predetermined time period after, described four module reduces the described load on described at least one first vehicle bridge and increases described load on described at least one second vehicle bridge.
6, according to each described device among the claim 4-5, wherein, described second limit value 〉=described first limit value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE04028288 | 2004-11-18 | ||
| SE0402828A SE527908C2 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Procedure and computer program for load distribution between the axles of a vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101061003A CN101061003A (en) | 2007-10-24 |
| CN100586749C true CN100586749C (en) | 2010-02-03 |
Family
ID=33516488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200580039608A Expired - Fee Related CN100586749C (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-11-10 | Method and device for distributing load between axles of vehicle |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1819537A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100586749C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005307153B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0518309A2 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1109604A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE527908C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006054940A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107000530A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-08-01 | 德纳重型车辆系统集团有限责任公司 | Dynamic Weight Transfer Suspension System |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE529218C2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-06-05 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | System and method for controlling the axle load distribution ratio of a vehicle with two front axles |
| FR2948621B1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-10-21 | Michelin Soc Tech | VEHICLE COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO AXLES AND METHOD OF DISTRIBUTING THE LOAD BETWEEN SAID AT LEAST TWO AXLES. |
| CN110641563B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-09-29 | 刘艺飞 | Device and method for distributing load among cars of household car |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09109645A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1997-04-28 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | Axle load distributing device of air suspension vehicle |
| DE19539887B4 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 2008-07-10 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Device for regulating a vehicle body level |
-
2004
- 2004-11-18 SE SE0402828A patent/SE527908C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-11-10 CN CN200580039608A patent/CN100586749C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-10 BR BRPI0518309-0A patent/BRPI0518309A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-10 AU AU2005307153A patent/AU2005307153B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-10 WO PCT/SE2005/001698 patent/WO2006054940A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-10 EP EP05802582A patent/EP1819537A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-04-02 HK HK08103683.8A patent/HK1109604A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107000530A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-08-01 | 德纳重型车辆系统集团有限责任公司 | Dynamic Weight Transfer Suspension System |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE0402828L (en) | 2006-05-19 |
| AU2005307153A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
| AU2005307153B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| HK1109604A1 (en) | 2008-06-13 |
| SE527908C2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
| SE0402828D0 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| CN101061003A (en) | 2007-10-24 |
| WO2006054940A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
| BRPI0518309A2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
| EP1819537A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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