CN100586604C - Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould - Google Patents
Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100586604C CN100586604C CN200710043253A CN200710043253A CN100586604C CN 100586604 C CN100586604 C CN 100586604C CN 200710043253 A CN200710043253 A CN 200710043253A CN 200710043253 A CN200710043253 A CN 200710043253A CN 100586604 C CN100586604 C CN 100586604C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- clamp
- forming
- tool
- mandrel
- stainless steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a one-step process of a stainless steel clamp hoop and a clamp hoop forming die used thereof, and the one-step forming process is a clamp hoop one-step forming technique with simple process, high forming quality, and fast forming speed. The one-step forming of the clamp hoop is realized by simultaneously dropping a plurality of clamp hoop forming cutters in the clamp hoop forming die of a sheet forming machine which is used for producing clamp hoops; the one-step forming process comprises the following steps: step 1: a stainless steel type strip steel blank is sent to apunching die via a feed wheel of the sheet forming machine; step 2: the blank is punched, flanged and trimmed by the punching die; step 3: the perforated blank punched by the punching die is sent tothe clamp hoop forming die, and benched, riveted and trimmed on a mandrel with a boss, thus a clamp hoop is formed by one step. The one-step forming process of the stainless steel clamp hoop of the invention has the advantages of simple process, high forming quality, fast forming speed, changeable internal diameter of the clamp hoop, changeable thickness and width of the sheet, and plays a good promotion function on the high-efficiency mass production of the like products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of process of stainless steel-like clamp and clamp finishing die of use thereof of rolling.
Background technology
The stainless steel-like clamp is a kind of clamping standard component that all kinds of rubber tubes are connected with metal tube that is widely used in, along with the develop rapidly of auto industry in China, the demand of clamp series products also rises rapidly, has proposed very high requirement for the productive rate and the quality of this series products.Each car all will be with such clamps that vary in size up to a hundred, and act on important, in case the situation that lost efficacy and will produce leakage of oil or leak, thereby have influence on the performance even the safety of automobile.The production efficiency that therefore should guarantee such clamp guarantees that again its quality becomes very severe research topic in the industry.
Existing stainless steel-like clamp former is to adopt the sheet material forming machine, on this sheet material forming machine, be equipped with the forming tool group of the clamp forming tool being formed by several, every in the forming tool group have only an edge of a knife to cutter, and has different knife-edges, place positions different on the equipment, each cutter is that follow procedure successively falls in the forming tool group, whenever fall a cutter, be one forming process, to the last one cutter fallen clamp is shaped, that is, clamp is shaped and finishes through operation several times, promptly will finish the stainless steel-like clamp and generally will comprise punching and blanking → pre-bending → circle circle → riveted joint → traditional technological processes such as shaping, its shaping needs multiple working procedure.This forming technology obviously is that low and quality product of production efficiency of products can not get guaranteeing that therefore, the technology of this production clamp can not satisfy needs of economic development.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned prior art problems, the technology that provides a kind of clamp to be shaped is simple, forming quality is high, the clamp finishing die of the once-forming technology of fireballing stainless steel-like clamp and use thereof.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The clamp finishing die that uses in a kind of stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology is the clamp finishing die on the sheet material forming machine of production clamp, and it comprises:
Cutoff tool, the cutter of cut-out clamp blank;
That place clamp finishing die diverse location by many handles and have the forming tool group that clamp forming-tool that machete and two cuttves of pocket knife form forms respectively, every in the described forming tool group is exactly the distance of being separated by between the machete of clamp forming-tool and the pocket knife thickness d that needs the shaping clamp, pocket knife (32b) with the nearest clamp forming-tool (32) of described cutoff tool in described forming tool group is a forming-tool, machete (32a) is the compressing rod that compresses clamp to be formed, the machete of all the other clamp forming-tools and pocket knife all are respectively forming-tools, the shape of each forming-tool is different, size by the shaping clamp, shape and determine that the clamp forming-tool in the described forming tool group falls running simultaneously;
Settle the mandrel of clamp to be formed, described mandrel has boss, described mandrel can move forward and backward, the semi-finished product clamp or the described shaping clamp that are opposite on this mandrel are carried out pusher, every machete the clamp forming-tool in the above-mentioned forming tool group is the inner position that is in the outside moving direction of described mandrel, and pocket knife is the outer position that is in the outside moving direction of mandrel.
Fall in the time of the action of described cutoff tool, clamp forming tool group and mandrel move forward and backward all cam bit control running by a cam machine.
The machete of described clamp forming-tool and pocket knife are to use the screw combination.
In addition, the object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology is to carry out having on the sheet material forming machine of clamp finishing die as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising:
First step step: the drawing-inroller on the sheet material forming machine with the feeding of stainless steel-like band steel billet material to perforating die;
Second is rapid step by step: perforating die carries out punching, flange, side cut to described blank, once is washed into porous simultaneously and carries out flange, side cut simultaneously;
The 3rd is rapid step by step: described drawing-inroller continues to send blank, and the porose blank after described perforating die punching is to the clamp finishing die, and making described porose blank once-forming is the shaping clamp, and it comprises following flow process:
The 1st flow process becomes described porose blank fixed ruler cutting in the material of the required length of shaping clamp;
The 2nd flow process: in the described cut while of porose blank, all clamp forming-tools fall simultaneously for the first time together and carry out cutter and cut action in the clamp finishing die, porose blank are configured as the semi-finished product clamp of " U " shape by machete separately;
The 3rd flow process: the mandrel action that has boss in the clamp finishing die will place to have boss
Mandrel on " U " shape semi-finished product clamp material on mandrel, release the distance of the thickness d of suitable shaping clamp;
The 4th flow process: all clamp forming-tools fall simultaneously together once more and carry out cutter and cut action in the described clamp finishing die, by separately the pocket knife rank of on the described mandrel that has a boss, above-mentioned " U " shape semi-finished product clamp being presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, riveted joint and circle circle are shaped and shaping, finally be configured as the shaping clamp of finished product, when the pocket knife of described clamp forming-tool is finished this shaping clamp, the action of " U " shape semi-finished product clamp of above-mentioned the 3rd flow process of a clamp after the machete of clamp forming-tool is finished, so circulation running, the shaping clamp of generation are released this through the described mandrel action that has boss and are had outside the mandrel of boss.
In described the 2nd flow process, when described porose blank is configured as the semi-finished product clamp of " U " shape, described clamp forming-tool is finely tuned the distance that compresses of porose blank, can realize the adjustment of the sample required form of the clamp of shaping soon.
The pusher action that moves forward and backward that falls action and mandrel in the time of the cut-out action of described cutoff tool, clamp forming tool group all operates by the cam bit control of a cam machine.
Described circle circle is shaped, and is to make the stainless steel-like clamp become 540 degree circle circles.
Effect of the present invention:
Stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology of the present invention is simple, forming quality is high, the clamp internal diameter variable size of shaping, and the thickness of sheet material, width can both change, and the back size that is shaped, performance are all very stable.Batch High-efficient Production for this series products has played good progradation.
For further specifying above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, design feature and effect, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the clamp forming-tool schematic diagram that uses in the once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention.
Fig. 1 b is the left view of clamp forming-tool schematic diagram among Fig. 1 a.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is the schematic diagram of the stainless steel-like clamp of employing process forming of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b is the left view of the clamp that is shaped among Fig. 3 a.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing of embodiment, the embodiment of the clamp forming tool group of the once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention and use thereof is elaborated.
Fig. 1 a is the clamp forming-tool schematic diagram that uses in the once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention.
Fig. 1 b is the left view of Fig. 1 a clamp forming-tool schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is the schematic diagram of the stainless steel-like clamp of employing process forming of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b is the left view of the clamp that is shaped among Fig. 3 a.
Describe the flow process of the once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention below in detail.
The once-forming technology of stainless steel-like clamp of the present invention is that the sheet material forming machine that adopts the cutter of clamp finishing die (following will the detailed description in detail) to fall running simultaneously carries out, and is divided into following step as shown in Figure 2:
First step step: to perforating die 2, blank 11 is stainless steel-like band steel to the drawing-inroller 1 on the sheet material forming machine with blank 11 feedings;
Second is rapid step by step: 2 pairs of blanks of perforating die 11 carry out punching, flange, side cut, once be washed into simultaneously porous and carry out flange, side cut simultaneously, described perforating die 2 is compound progressive die, the a plurality of drills, punch die, edger (not shown) that configure required form before the processing on perforating die 2 are to carry out punching, flange, side cut, and the shape of the quantity of the hole 41 that is dashed (shown in Fig. 3 b) and shape and flange, side cut is to decide according to the clamp purposes;
The 3rd is rapid step by step: drawing-inroller 1 continues to send blank 11, and the porose blank 12 after perforating die 2 punchings is to clamp finishing die 3, and making porose blank 12 once-formings is shaping clamp 40 (shown in Fig. 3 a).
Clamp finishing die 3 of the present invention comprises a cutoff tool 31, is made up of having forming tool group that clamp forming- tool 32,33,34,35,36 that machete 32a, 33a, 34a, 35a, 36a and pocket knife 32b, 33b, 34b, 35b, two cuttves of 36b form forms and the mandrel 37 of settling clamp to be formed respectively many, and mandrel 37 has boss 371.
The structure of above-mentioned clamp forming- tool 32,33,34,35,36 is shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, every the clamp forming-tool with Reference numeral 30 expression, it is made up of machete 30a and two cutters of pocket knife 30b, be every the clamp forming-tool to be had two edges of a knife, the distance of being separated by between machete and the pocket knife is exactly the thickness d (shown in Fig. 1 b, Fig. 3 b) that needs the shaping clamp, and machete 30a and pocket knife 30b are with screw combination (not shown).
In the set of knives in the sheet material forming machine of the present invention every the clamp forming-tool all by two above-mentioned edges of a knife, and has different knife-edges, and equally with prior art place positions different on the equipment, and prior art is manually to operate in order with punch press every cutter to be moved, but all clamp forming-tools the 32,33,34,35, the 36th in the forming tool group of the present invention, (the cam machine is not shown by the cam bit of a cam machine, being prior art, not describing in detail at this) control falls running simultaneously.
Above-mentioned boss 371 mandrels 37 that have can move forward and backward, and the semifinished or finished goods clamp that is opposite on the mandrel 37 is carried out pusher.Machete 32a, 33a, 34a, 35a, the 36a of above-mentioned clamp forming- tool 32,33,34,35,36 is the inner positions that are in mandrel 37 outside moving directions, and pocket knife 32b, 33b, 34b, 35b, 36b are the outer positions that is in mandrel 37 outside moving directions.
Clamp finishing die 3 comprises following flow process with the step that above-mentioned porose blank 12 is configured as shaping clamp 40 in described the 3rd step:
The 1st flow process is pressed in mandrel 37 by the machete 32a of the clamp forming-tool 32 with binder function in the clamp finishing die 3 with porose blank 12, porose blank 12 fixed ruler cuttings is become the material of the required length of shaping clamp by cutoff tool 33;
The 2nd flow process: at porose blank 12 by the machete 32a binder of clamp forming-tool 32 and when being cut off cutter 33 and being cut into Len req, all the other clamp forming- tools 33,34,35,36 carry out cutter for the first time together and cut action, by machete 33a, 34a separately, the semi-finished product clamp (not shown) that 35a, 36a are " U " shape with porose blank 12 preliminarily formings, at this moment, the distance that compresses of 33,34,35,36 pairs of porose blanks 12 of clamp forming-tool is finely tuned, can manually realize the adjustment of the sample required form of stainless steel-like clamp that need are shaped;
The 3rd flow process: mandrel 37 action, with place " U " shape semi-finished product clamp material on the mandrel 37 on mandrel 37, release the distance of the thickness d of suitable shaping clamp (be every the machete of cutter and pocket knife apart from d);
The 4th flow process: clamp forming- tool 32,33,34,35,36 falls simultaneously together once more and carries out cutter and cut action, be shaped and shaping at described above-mentioned " U " shape semi-finished product clamp presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme rank, riveted joint and the circle circle of having on boss 371 mandrels 37 by separately pocket knife 32b, 33b, 34b, 35b, 36b, finally be configured as the shaping clamp 40 of the finished product shown in Fig. 3 a.Described circle circle is shaped, and is to make 40 one-tenth 540 degree circles of stainless steel-like clamp circle.Pocket knife 32b at the clamp forming-tool, 33b, 34b, 35b, when 36b finishes this shaping clamp 40, the machete 32a of clamp forming-tool, 33a, 34a, 35a, the action of " U " shape semi-finished product clamp of above-mentioned the 3rd flow process of a clamp (at this moment after 36a finished, mandrel 37 has resetted, the previous clamp that is about to become finished product is in the outside of mandrel 37, one of back is about to become the inside that half-finished clamp is in mandrel 37), so circulation running, continuous productive process constantly generates the finished product clamp, and the shaping clamp 40 of generation is released outside the mandrel 37 through mandrel 37 actions.
Because this type of clamp needs heat-treatment quenching, exist mould to adjust problems such as sample, can manually realize like a cork in the present invention adjusting.
In addition, the edge of a knife shape of clamp forming-tool of the present invention, size all can decide according to different clamps, therefore, adopt the clamp internal diameter variable size of process forming of the present invention, and the thickness of sheet material, width can both change, and the size that is shaped afterwards, performance are all very stable.
Realized the technology of once-forming finished product clamp by above-mentioned steps of the present invention, total consuming time about 3 seconds of being shaped of each clamp have been improved production efficiency, and owing to clamp is an once-forming, have been guaranteed product quality.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment is used for illustrating the present invention, and be not to be used as limitation of the invention, as long as in connotation scope of the present invention, all will drop in the scope of claims of the present invention variation, the modification of the above embodiment.
Claims (7)
1, the clamp finishing die that uses in a kind of stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology is the clamp finishing die on the sheet material forming machine of production clamp, it is characterized in that comprising:
Cutoff tool, the cutter of cut-out clamp blank;
That place clamp finishing die diverse location by many handles and have the forming tool group that clamp forming-tool that machete and two cuttves of pocket knife form forms respectively, every in the described forming tool group is exactly the distance of being separated by between the machete of clamp forming-tool and the pocket knife thickness d that needs the shaping clamp, pocket knife (32b) with the nearest clamp forming-tool (32) of described cutoff tool in described forming tool group is a forming-tool, machete (32a) is the compressing rod that compresses clamp to be formed, the machete of all the other clamp forming-tools and pocket knife all are respectively forming-tools, the shape of each forming-tool is different, size by the shaping clamp, shape and determine that the clamp forming-tool in the described forming tool group falls running simultaneously;
Settle the mandrel of clamp to be formed, described mandrel has boss, described mandrel can move forward and backward, the semi-finished product clamp or the described shaping clamp that are opposite on this mandrel are carried out pusher, every machete the clamp forming-tool in the above-mentioned forming tool group is the inner position that is in the outside moving direction of described mandrel, and pocket knife is the outer position that is in the outside moving direction of mandrel.
2, the clamp finishing die that uses in the stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Fall in the time of the action of described cutoff tool, clamp forming tool group and mandrel move forward and backward all cam bit control running by a cam machine.
3, the clamp finishing die that uses in the stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The machete of described clamp forming-tool and pocket knife are to use the screw combination.
4, a kind of stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology is to carry out having on the sheet material forming machine of clamp finishing die as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising:
First step step: the drawing-inroller on the sheet material forming machine with the feeding of stainless steel-like band steel billet material to perforating die;
Second is rapid step by step: perforating die carries out punching, flange, side cut to described blank, once is washed into porous simultaneously and carries out flange, side cut simultaneously;
The 3rd is rapid step by step: described drawing-inroller continues to send blank, and the porose blank after described perforating die punching is to the clamp finishing die, and making described porose blank once-forming is the shaping clamp, and it comprises following flow process:
The 1st flow process becomes described porose blank fixed ruler cutting in the material of the required length of shaping clamp;
The 2nd flow process: in the described cut while of porose blank, all clamp forming-tools fall simultaneously for the first time together and carry out cutter and cut action in the clamp finishing die, porose blank are configured as the semi-finished product clamp of " U " shape by machete separately;
The 3rd flow process: the mandrel action that has boss in the clamp finishing die will place " U " shape semi-finished product clamp material on the mandrel that has boss to release the distance of the thickness d of suitable shaping clamp on mandrel;
The 4th flow process: all clamp forming-tools fall simultaneously together once more and carry out cutter and cut action in the described clamp finishing die, by separately the pocket knife rank of on the described mandrel that has a boss, above-mentioned " U " shape semi-finished product clamp being presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, riveted joint and circle circle are shaped and shaping, finally be configured as the shaping clamp of finished product, when the pocket knife of described clamp forming-tool is finished this shaping clamp, the action of " U " shape semi-finished product clamp of above-mentioned the 3rd flow process of a clamp after the machete of clamp forming-tool is finished, so circulation running, the shaping clamp of generation are released this through the described mandrel action that has boss and are had outside the mandrel of boss.
5, stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
In described the 2nd flow process, when described porose blank is configured as the semi-finished product clamp of " U " shape, described clamp forming-tool is finely tuned the distance that compresses of porose blank, can realize the adjustment of the sample required form of the clamp of shaping soon.
6, stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
The pusher action that moves forward and backward that falls action and mandrel in the time of the cut-out action of described cutoff tool, clamp forming tool group all operates by the cam bit control of a cam machine.
7, stainless steel-like clamp once-forming technology as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described circle circle is shaped, and is to make the stainless steel-like clamp become 540 degree circle circles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710043253A CN100586604C (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710043253A CN100586604C (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101332481A CN101332481A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| CN100586604C true CN100586604C (en) | 2010-02-03 |
Family
ID=40195509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710043253A Active CN100586604C (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100586604C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103028680B (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-12-17 | 桐庐玖谷机械科技有限公司 | Fully-automatic ring making machine special for processing brazing alloy material and processing method thereof |
| CN116213585B (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-07-04 | 江苏巨弘捆带制造有限公司 | Automatic forming equipment for cold rolling, packing and buckling of steel strip |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1446615A (en) * | 1920-03-31 | 1923-02-27 | Texas Co | Clip-forming machine |
| EP0090528A1 (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-10-05 | GEORGE SALTER & CO. LIMITED | Method and apparatus for making circlips |
| CN86209071U (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1987-11-18 | 黄岩县微型电机厂 | Waste-free multiple-piece moulding die for forming elastic check ring of hole |
-
2007
- 2007-06-29 CN CN200710043253A patent/CN100586604C/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1446615A (en) * | 1920-03-31 | 1923-02-27 | Texas Co | Clip-forming machine |
| EP0090528A1 (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-10-05 | GEORGE SALTER & CO. LIMITED | Method and apparatus for making circlips |
| CN86209071U (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1987-11-18 | 黄岩县微型电机厂 | Waste-free multiple-piece moulding die for forming elastic check ring of hole |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| U型夹箍自动滚弯成形. 张荣清等.金属成形工艺，第20卷第4期. 2002 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101332481A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3552726B1 (en) | Hydraulic forming machine | |
| CN100563909C (en) | A kind of thread feeding automatic riveting stamping technology | |
| US4292718A (en) | Method of producing metal bearings | |
| CN101920306A (en) | Process for forming T-shaped welded nut by multistage cold former | |
| CN103658388A (en) | Progressive die and method for producing automobile seat sliding way retainer | |
| CN100586604C (en) | Single forming technique of stainless steel clamp and clamp forming mould | |
| CN106216500B (en) | The processing technology and its particular manufacturing craft producing line of a kind of four paws housing | |
| CN207872827U (en) | A kind of custard fork blanking device | |
| CN2663050Y (en) | Composite stretching cropping die | |
| CN100589897C (en) | One-step molding technique of carbon stirrup and used stirrup-molding mould thereof | |
| CN107442650A (en) | A kind of narrow body stamping parts forming technology and set of molds | |
| CN107214245A (en) | The progressive die even cuts band folded structure | |
| CN203887518U (en) | One-time forming machine for nut appearance and internal threads | |
| CN101875082A (en) | Continuous die mould of part | |
| CN109648213B (en) | Multi-optical-head multi-station laser blanking synchronous machining process | |
| CN103331358A (en) | Compressor upper cover dual blanking punching mold | |
| KR101410351B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing air breather pipe for vapor emission of automatic transmission using cold forging and air breather pipe manufactured thereby | |
| CN206464430U (en) | Chemical industry float valve process units | |
| CN207357912U (en) | A kind of continuous stamping die of compressor balance block | |
| CN106111781A (en) | Channel tie manufactures one-time-shaped mould | |
| US1982054A (en) | Method and apparatus for making nuts | |
| CN109647973A (en) | A kind of method of vertical punching deburring | |
| CN103752695B (en) | A kind of bowl-shape part manufacture continuous mould, equipment and preparation method thereof | |
| US3611781A (en) | Multi-stage press with a plurality of matrices and dies | |
| CN203751126U (en) | Continuous mold and equipment for manufacturing bowl-shaped part |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |