CN100584975C - Copper-base alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-base alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a copper base alloy and a preparation method for the copper base alloy. Chemical compositions and weight percentage of the copper base alloy are that: nickel: 14.0 to 30.0 percent; manganese: 14.0 to 30.0 percent; ferrum: 1.0 to 8.0 percent; the residual is copper; moreover, aluminum: less than 0.002 percent; plumbum: less than 0.002 percent; antimony: less than 0.002 percent; bismuth: less than 0.002 percent; phosphorus: less than 0.01 percent; the residual composition is copper. The copper base alloy with high performance is prepared after smelting and thermo-mechanical treatment, microstructure of the alloy can be controlled to be nearly equiaxial crystal particles with the diameter of 50 micrometers. The alloy has ageing strengthening effect. When the alloy is stretched under room temperature by ageing after cold deformation, the breaking strength sigma b reaches 1480 MPa at maximum; the extensibility delta 5 reaches 6 percent at maximum; the Vickers hardness Hv reaches 470 at maximum. When the alloy is stretched under high temperature of 400 DEG C, the breaking strength sigma b reaches 1100MPa at maximum, and the extensibility delta 5 reaches 6 percent at maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of copper base alloy and preparation method thereof, copper base alloy of specifically a kind of high strength, snappiness, good thermal stability and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Copper and alloy thereof be by feat of good heat conduction, conduction, erosion resistance and high-ductility, wear resistance, is widely used in industries such as electric, electrician, chemical industry, light industry, machinofacture, communications and transportation, telecommunications.
Beryllium copper is the most representative a kind of in copper based elastic material.But still there is following critical defect in beryllium copper in industrial production with in using: at first, because the industrial pollution that beryllium causes has caused great harm for human body and ecology, make the production of this alloy and use be restricted day by day; Secondly, because in industrial production, refining master alloy refabrication becomes beryllium copper earlier, so cost is expensive; Once more, thermal treatment process is very responsive to the beryllium copper Effect on Performance, thus operational difficulty, performance be difficult for guaranteeing, the low phenomenon of yield rate often appears; And when using greater than 150 ℃ comparatively high temps, beryllium copper can produce serious mistake bullet, thereby can not satisfy the design requirements of material.So to beryllium copper, present development trend is the beryllium amount that contains that reduces when keeping its original superiority in the alloy, is exactly to seek other novel copper-base alloy that does not contain beryllium fully in addition.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of copper base alloy with high strength, snappiness, good thermal stability.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of copper base alloy is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients and the weight percent of described copper base alloy are respectively: nickel 14.0～30.0%, manganese 14.0～30.0%, iron 1.0～8.0%; All the other are copper and impurity.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described impurity component and weight percent comprise: aluminium＜0.002%, plumbous＜0.002%, antimony＜0.002%, bismuth＜0.002%, phosphorus＜0.01%.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described copper base alloy has following mechanical property: breaking tenacity σ during room temperature tensile
bBe up to 1480MPa, unit elongation δ
5Be up to 6%, Vickers' hardness Hv is up to 470; Breaking tenacity σ when 400 ℃ of drawing by high temperature
bBe up to 1100MPa, unit elongation δ
5Be up to 6%.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the microtexture of described copper base alloy is the nearly equi-axed crystal less than 50 μ m.
Another provides the preparation method of above-mentioned copper base alloy purpose of the present invention.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs:
The manufacture method of above-mentioned copper base alloy, its step is as follows:
(1) adopts conventional melting method, under 1200～1300 ℃ of temperature, get commercially available copper, nickel, manganese, iron pure metal or master alloy in proportion and carry out melting, and under 1100 ℃ of temperature, pour into a mould;
(2) step (1) ingot casting is carried out hot rolling or forge hot cogging earlier, temperature is 700～900 ℃, and the best is 750-850 ℃, is quickly cooled to room temperature after the hot-work;
(3) step (2) sheet material is carried out cold rolling, reduction ratio of cold rolling is controlled at 20～60%; According to the product thickness requirement, can increase process annealing, annealing temperature is 650～800 ℃, time 40min～2h; Be quickly cooled to room temperature after the annealing, generally need 2-4 annealing cycle.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: after hot rolling or the forge hot cogging,, copper base alloy is carried out ageing treatment, temperature is controlled at 380～480 ℃, and optimum temps is 400～450 ℃, and the time is 24～60h.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: after cold rolling, copper base alloy is carried out ageing treatment, temperature is controlled at 380～450 ℃, and optimum temps is 400～450 ℃, and the time is 8～24h.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the smelting temperature in the described step (1) is 1200～1300 ℃.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the hot rolling in the described step (2) or the optimum temps of forge hot cogging are 750～850 ℃.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) excellent property.The quaternary copper base alloy of the present invention preparation has good microtexture, controlledly is made as the equally distributed nearly equi-axed crystal less than 50 μ m; Organization decided this material of the present invention have higher room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation, and have good high high-temp stability, can under 400 ℃ of temperature, work.
(2) preparation is simply pollution-free.Material of the present invention wants environmental protection, safety many with now comparing with the beryllium copper material, and to melting and thermal treatment process require loosely, can be carried out in batches scale operation.
(3) applicability is strong.Because copper base alloy of the present invention has high strength, snappiness and good thermostability, so this material has important value to industry developments such as instrument, elastic element, conduction heat transfer elements.
Why copper base alloy provided by the invention has above-mentioned advantage as the replacement material of beryllium copper, be that radius differs very little, and is all face-centred cubic structure because copper is close with nickel position in the periodic table of elements, so nickel is infinitely solid solution in copper, thereby play the effect of solution strengthening.Adding nickel in the copper is exactly the copper-nickel alloy that is commonly called as.When adding dystectic element in the copper, this element will be as the crystallization forward position of non-spontaneous crystallization forming core, so this dvielement has the effect of crystal grain thinning in crystallisation process.The fusing point of iron is 1537 ℃, and the fusing point of copper is 1083 ℃, but iron and further improves the mechanical property of alloy as adding element crystallization of refinement tissue.Manganese adds in the copper-nickel alloy as alloying element, not only can play the effect of solution strengthening, also can separate out manganese nickel strengthening phase, and the adding of manganese simultaneously helps the refining effect of iron to alloy, improves the mechanical property of alloy.And nickel, manganese content also have remarkably influenced to the intensity and the processing characteristics of copper base alloy, when nickel, manganese content during less than 14wt% the decline of ageing strengthening effect, intensity and the anti-stress corrosiveness of alloy also reduce; When content during greater than 30wt%, the formability variation of copper base alloy.
The present invention is described in detail below by drawings and Examples.It should be understood that described embodiment only relates to the preferred embodiments of the invention, do not breaking away under the spirit and scope of the present invention situation that the changes and improvements of various compositions and content all are possible.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic microstructure photo of timeliness after the hot-work of copper base alloy of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic microstructure photo of timeliness after the cold working of copper base alloy of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, material melting
Commercially available electrolytic copper 530 grams, nickel 210 grams, manganese 210 grams and iron 50 grams are prepared burden, in vacuum induction furnace, carry out melting.Smelting temperature is 1250 ℃, punching block cast, 1100 ℃ of teeming temperatures.
2, hot mechanical treatment
Technology one: earlier ingot casting is carried out the forge hot cogging at 850 ℃, 750 ℃ of annealing 1.5h are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 420 ℃, time 48h.
Technology two: earlier ingot casting is carried out the forge hot cogging at 850 ℃, 750 ℃ of annealing 1.5h are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out cold rollingly, cold rolling reduction is 30%.Carry out ageing treatment after cold rolling, aging temp is 420 ℃, time 16h.
Technology three: earlier ingot casting is carried out the forge hot cogging at 850 ℃, 750 ℃ of annealing 1.5h are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out cold rollingly, cold rolling reduction is 50%.Carry out ageing treatment after cold rolling, aging temp is 420 ℃, time 8h.
Adopt inductive plasma emmission spectrum (ICP) to carry out alloying element and foreign matter content analysis, see Table 1:
The impurity chemical ingredients of table 1. alloy
| Element | Al | Pb | Sb | Bi | P |
| Be not more than wt% | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.01 |
3, the microstructure of alloy and mechanical property
Alloy sample after the timeliness is carried out metallographic microstructure to be observed, elder generation's grinding and polishing carries out chemical corrosion again, corrosive fluid is the iron(ic) chloride spirituous solution, sample after the corrosion places to observe under the metaloscope and takes a picture, 200 times of magnifications, its microstructure picture is shown in Fig. 1 (thermo-mechanical treatment process 1), Fig. 2 (thermo-mechanical treatment process 3).The microtexture of this alloy is nearly equi-axed crystal, and average grain size is less than 50 μ m.
According to GB-T228-2002 metal material stretching test method alloy has been carried out tension test, according to the GB/T4340.1-1999 Vickers Hardness Test alloy has been carried out its mechanical property of hardness test and seen Table 2.
The mechanical property of table 2. alloy
Embodiment 2
1, material melting
Commercially available electrolytic copper 550 grams, nickel 300 grams, manganese 140 grams and iron 10 grams are prepared burden, in vacuum induction furnace, carry out melting.Smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, punching block cast, 1150 ℃ of teeming temperatures.
2, hot mechanical treatment
Earlier ingot casting is carried out hot rolling at 750 ℃, 650 ℃ of annealing 2h are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out cold rollingly, cold rolling reduction is 60%.Carry out ageing treatment after cold rolling, aging temp is 400 ℃, time 8h.
Adopt inductive plasma emmission spectrum (ICP) to carry out alloying element and foreign matter content analysis, see Table 3.
The impurity chemical ingredients of table 3. alloy
| Element | Al | Pb | Sb | Bi | P |
| Be not more than wt% | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.01 |
3, the microstructure of alloy and mechanical property
The microstructure of alloy is same as embodiment 1.
According to GB-T228-2002 metal material stretching test method alloy has been carried out tension test, by the GB/T4340.1-1999 Vickers Hardness Test alloy has been carried out its mechanical property of hardness test and seen Table 4.
The mechanical property of table 4. alloy
Embodiment 3
1, material melting
Commercially available electrolytic copper 480 grams, nickel 140 grams, manganese 300 grams and iron 80 grams are prepared burden, in vacuum induction furnace, carry out melting.Smelting temperature is 1250 ℃, punching block cast, 1100 ℃ of teeming temperatures.
2, hot mechanical treatment
Earlier ingot casting is carried out the forge hot cogging at 900 ℃, 800 ℃ of annealing 40min are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out cold rollingly, cold rolling reduction is 20%.Carry out ageing treatment after cold rolling, aging temp is 450 ℃, time 24h.
Adopt inductive plasma emmission spectrum (ICP) to carry out alloying element and foreign matter content analysis, see Table 5.
The impurity chemical ingredients of table 5. alloy
| Element | Al | Pb | Sb | Bi | P |
| Be not more than wt% | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.01 |
3, the microstructure of alloy and mechanical property
The microstructure of alloy is same as embodiment 1.
According to GB-T228-2002 metal material stretching test method alloy has been carried out tension test, according to the GB/T4340.1-1999 Vickers Hardness Test alloy has been carried out its mechanical property of hardness test and seen Table 6.
The mechanical property of table 6. alloy
Embodiment 4
1, material melting
Commercially available electrolytic copper 480 grams, nickel 140 grams, manganese 300 grams and iron 80 grams are prepared burden, in vacuum induction furnace, carry out melting.Smelting temperature is 1200 ℃, punching block cast, 1100 ℃ of teeming temperatures.
2, hot mechanical treatment
Earlier ingot casting is carried out the forge hot cogging at 700 ℃, 800 ℃ of annealing 40min are quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards; Carry out cold rollingly, cold rolling reduction is 50%.Carry out ageing treatment after cold rolling, aging temp is 450 ℃, time 24h.
Adopt inductive plasma emmission spectrum (ICP) to carry out alloying element and foreign matter content analysis, see Table 7.
The impurity chemical ingredients of table 7. alloy
| Element | Al | Pb | Sb | Bi | P |
| Be not more than wt% | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.01 |
3, the microstructure of alloy and mechanical property
The microstructure of alloy is same as embodiment 1.
According to GB-T228-2002 metal material stretching test method alloy has been carried out tension test, according to the GB/T4340.1-1999 Vickers Hardness Test alloy has been carried out its mechanical property of hardness test and seen Table 8.
The mechanical property of table 8. alloy
Claims (9)
1, a kind of copper base alloy is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients and the weight percent of described copper base alloy are respectively: nickel 14.0～30.0%, and manganese 14.0～30.0%, iron 1.0～8.0%, all the other are copper and impurity; The microtexture of described copper base alloy is the nearly equi-axed crystal less than 50 μ m.
2, copper base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described impurity component and weight percent comprise: aluminium＜0.002%, plumbous＜0.002%, antimony＜0.002%, bismuth＜0.002%, phosphorus＜0.01%.
3, copper base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described copper base alloy has following mechanical property: breaking tenacity σ during room temperature tensile
bBe up to 1480MPa, unit elongation δ
5Be up to 6%, Vickers' hardness Hv is up to 470; Breaking tenacity σ when 400 ℃ of drawing by high temperature
bBe up to 1100MPa, unit elongation δ
5Be up to 6%.
4, according to the manufacture method of each described copper base alloy among the claim 1-3, its step is as follows:
(1) adopts conventional melting method, under 1200～1300 ℃ of temperature, get commercially available copper, nickel, manganese, iron pure metal or master alloy in proportion and carry out melting, and under 1100 ℃ of temperature, pour into a mould;
(2) step (1) gained ingot casting is carried out hot rolling or forge hot cogging earlier, temperature is 700～900 ℃, is quickly cooled to room temperature afterwards;
(3) the hot-work sheet material of step (2) gained is carried out cold rolling, reduction ratio of cold rolling is controlled at 20～60%.
5, the manufacture method of copper base alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described in the described step (3) cold rolling after, increase process annealing, annealing temperature is 650～800 ℃, time 40min～2h; Should be quickly cooled to room temperature after the annealing.
6, the manufacture method of copper base alloy according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described process annealing circulation is carried out 2-4 annealing cycle.
7, the manufacture method of copper base alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: after described hot rolling of step (2) or forge hot cogging, copper base alloy is carried out ageing treatment, temperature is controlled at 380～480 ℃, and the time is 24～60h.
8, the manufacture method of copper base alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: step (3) described cold rolling after, copper base alloy is carried out ageing treatment, temperature is controlled at 380～480 ℃, the time is 8～24h.
9, the manufacture method of copper base alloy according to claim 4, the smelting temperature in the described step (1) is 1200～1300 ℃; The hot rolling in the described step (2) or the temperature of forge hot cogging are 750～850 ℃.
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| KR20240026278A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-02-27 | 후루카와 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Copper alloy materials, resistance materials and resistors for resistors using the same |
| CN117157418A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-12-01 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Copper alloy material, resistor material for resistor using same, and resistor |
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Owner name: YOUYAN YIJIN NEW MATERIAL CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BEIJING CENTRAL INST.OF THE NONFERROUS METAL Effective date: 20130802 Free format text: FORMER OWNER: YOUYAN YIJIN NEW MATERIAL CO., LTD. Effective date: 20130802 |
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Effective date of registration: 20130802 Address after: 100088, 2, Xinjie street, Beijing Patentee after: Youyan Yijin New Material Co., Ltd. Address before: 100088, 2, Xinjie street, Beijing Patentee before: General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Patentee before: Youyan Yijin New Material Co., Ltd. |