CN100584827C - 一种手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN100584827C
CN100584827C CN200710086728A CN200710086728A CN100584827C CN 100584827 C CN100584827 C CN 100584827C CN 200710086728 A CN200710086728 A CN 200710086728A CN 200710086728 A CN200710086728 A CN 200710086728A CN 100584827 C CN100584827 C CN 100584827C
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万伯顺
毛金成
陆世维
吴凡
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于脯胺醇的手性磺酰胺胺醇配体及制备方法和应用,配体骨架含1-3个手性中心。制备方法用L-脯胺醇,通过对相应的环乙亚胺进行选择性开环反应得到。该合成方法具有原子经济性且有较高的收率。本发明的手性磺酰胺胺醇配体及其类似物在不对称合成反应中可作为催化剂配体,广泛用于不对称二乙基锌加成,炔基锌对羰基化合物的加成反应,还原反应和醇醛缩合等重要有机合成反应中。

Description

一种手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体及制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一类具有光学活性的手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体。
本发明还涉及上述配体的制备方法。
本发明还涉及上述配体的应用。
背景技术
目前已有各种类型的手性配体运用于二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成反应中并且取得了很好的结果,其中磺酰胺配体是一类比较优秀配体,包括双对甲苯磺酰胺类(bissulfonamide)、双三氟甲基磺酰胺类(bistriflamide)和磺酰胺醇类(sulfonamido alcohol)等等。但是该类配体必须在四异丙氧基钛(Ti(OiPr)4)存在下才能在不对称加成反应中取得较好的结果。此外,迄今为止既能适合芳香醛又能适合脂肪醛和α,β-不饱和醛的配体很少。据统计,诸多优秀配体中能通过简易方法合成出来的更是廖廖数几。
根据文献1[Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1999,10,1675-1679]和文献2[J.Org.Chem.1999,64,7929-7934]的报道:
文献1中配体的合成包括五步反应,而文献2中反应原料需四步合成,配体的合成还需三步才可以得到。这样在这两篇文献中配体合成的总体收率较低,且多数需通过柱层析方可纯化。
文献2中配体应用于反应必须加入四异丙氧基钛(Ti(OiPr)4)才能表现其催化活性;
文献1反应在0℃下进行,而文献2需在-40℃下进行;
文献1中配体适用的底物范围不宽,多为芳香醛,且总体对映选择性不高(82-93%);文献2配体适用的底物范围要宽一些,对映选择性较好(72-98%)。
因此,合成出新的一类以商业上简单易得的原料并且容易制备的高效稳定的配体显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体。
本发明的又一目的在于提供上述配体的制备方法。
本发明提供的手性磺酰胺-胺醇类配体结构如下式:
Figure C20071008672800041
式中:R1为芳香基(-Ar),如苯基(-Ph)等;R2为甲基(-Me)、乙基(-Et)、-Ph等;R3为-Me、-Ph、苄基(-CH2Ph)等;R4为-Me、丙基(-iPr)、丁基(-tBu)、-Ph、-CH2Ph等;R6为-Ph、-Et、-iPr、-tBu、-H等;R6为-Me、-iPr、-tBu、Ph、-CH2Ph等。本发明的配体其骨架含1-3个手性中心。
本发明制备上述配体的方法是通过天然的麻黄碱,伪麻黄碱或L-脯胺醇和相应的环乙亚胺进行开环反应制得。反应结束后将溶剂蒸干,剩余物用石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂重结晶便可得到化学纯的目标产物。合成路线可表示为:
Figure C20071008672800042
具体地合成方法是:
a)将天然麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱或L-脯胺醇为原料,和相应的α-胺醇或α-氨基酸制备的环乙亚胺按摩尔比1-1.5∶1溶于有机溶剂中,浓度为0.5-1mmol/10mL,室温下,该混合物于回流状态下反应10-40小时;有机溶剂包括:甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、乙醚、石油醚中的一种或多种。
b)除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷和石油醚的混合溶剂重结晶剩余物质,得最终产物。二氯甲烷和石油醚的体积比为1∶10,所用石油醚的沸程为60-90℃。
本发明的制备方法具有原子经济性,且反应收率较高。该方法操作简单,避免了烦琐的柱层析。
本发明提供的手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体及其类似物在不对称合成反应中可作为催化剂配体,广泛用于不对称二乙基锌加成,炔基锌对羰基化合物的加成反应,还原反应和醇醛缩合等重要有机合成反应中。
本发明的优点在从廉价易得的原料出发通过一步反应便可高收率地得到相应的手性磺酰胺-胺醇配体,该类配体稳定且在二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成反应中表现出极好的效果,化学收率最高达99%,对映选择性最高达99%,底物范围包括芳香醛,脂肪醛和α,β-不饱和醛。室温条件下便可选择性地得到两种具有相反绝对构型的产物。
本发明提供的手性配体在反应中的应用,具有以下优势:
1.配体在反应和二乙基锌络合配位不需要加入对水、空气敏感的四异丙氧基钛(Ti(OiPr)4);
2.反应在室温下操作即可;
3.配体适用的范围较宽,包括芳香醛和脂肪醛或α,β-不饱和醛,化学收率最高达>99%,对映选择性最高达>99%;
4.该类配体能选择性地得到两种具有相反绝对构型的产物。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的内容,其手性配体的骨架含有1-3个手性中心,比如但不限于下列代表性的手性配体:
Figure C20071008672800061
实施例一
天然麻黄碱((-)-ephedrine)(3.80mmol,0.63g)和(R)-2-苄基-1-甲苯磺酰基环乙亚胺(3.66mmol,1.05g)溶于30ml的乙腈中混合物在回流状态下保持40个小时,TLC(薄层色谱法)检测发现反应已经基本结束。减压下蒸去溶剂,将所剩物用二氯甲烷和石油醚(60-90℃)的混合溶剂重结晶便可得白色的固体(1.33g),收率为80%,熔点为39-40℃;比旋光为[α]D 25=-59.48(c 0.5,CHCl3);核磁数据为:1H NMR(CDCl3):
Figure C20071008672800062
0.95(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),1.60(s,3H),2.28-2.35(m,2H),2.38(m,3H),2.60-2.72(m,2H),3.03-3.07(t,J=8.2Hz,2H),4.50(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.17-7.27(m,7H),7.35(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.40-7.45(m,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3):
Figure C20071008672800063
9.94,21.65,35.18,39.76,52.36,59.02,64.78,75.75,126.45,126.54,127.40,128.08,128.52,128.84,129.57,129.65,136.78,137.60,143.22;高分辨质谱数据为:HRMS(APCI)calcd for C26H33N2O3S(M+H+):453.2206,found:453.2220。
实施例二
商业上简单易得的L-脯胺醇(3.80mmol,0.39g)和(R)-2-苯基-1-甲苯磺酰基环乙亚胺(3.66mmol,1.00g)溶于30ml的乙腈中混合物,在回流状态下保持10小时,TLC检测发现反应已经基本结束。减压下蒸去溶剂,将所剩物用用二氯甲烷和石油醚(60-90℃)的混合溶剂重结晶便可得白色的固体(0.89g),收率为65%,熔点为113-114℃;比旋光为[α]D 25=+1.33(c0.5,CHCl3);核磁数据为:1H NMR(CDCl3):1.61-1.69(m,4H),2.44(s,3H),2.62(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.87(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.03-3.06(m,2H),3.17-3.22(m,1H),3.49-3.54(m,1H),3.63-3.66(m,1H),7.14-7.16(m,2H),7.29(t,J=5.2Hz,5H),7.68(d,J=8.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3):
Figure C20071008672800071
21.71,24.51,29.10,45.68,52.77,61.54,64.59,66.56,127.28,128.58,129.01,129.88,137.02,138.94,143.64;高分辨质谱数据为:HRMS(APCI)calcd forC20H27N2O3S(M+H+):375.1737,found:375.1710。
实施例三
将实施例一合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对邻氯苯甲醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为S的产物,化学收率为74%,对映选择性超过99%。
实施例四
将实施例二合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对α-萘醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为S的产物,化学收率为90%,对映选择性超过99%。
实施例五
将实施例二合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对邻氯苯甲醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为R的产物,化学收率为92%,对映选择性超过99%。
实施例六
将实施例一合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对α-萘醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为R的产物,化学收率为88%,对映选择性超过99%。
实施例七
将实施例一合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对环己甲醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为S的产物,化学收率为51%,对映选择性超过99%。
实施例八
将实施例一合成的配体运用于二乙基锌对异戊醛的不对称加成反应,以正己烷为溶剂,在室温条件下搅拌20个小时左右,得到绝对构型为R的产物,化学收率为36%,对映选择性超过99%。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于脯胺醇的手性磺酰胺胺醇配体,结构如下式:
Figure C2007100867280002C1
式中:R5为苯基、乙基、丙基或丁基、H;R6为甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基。
2.权利要求1的配体,其特征在于,配体骨架含1-3个手性中心。
3.一种制备权利要求1所述配体的方法,其主要步骤是:
a)将L-脯胺醇为原料,与由α-胺醇或α-氨基酸制备的环乙亚胺按摩尔比1-1.5∶1溶于有机溶剂中浓度为0.5-1mmol/10mL,室温下,该混合物于回流状态下反应10-40小时;有机溶剂选自:甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、乙醚和/或石油醚;其中环乙亚胺化合物通式为:
Figure C2007100867280002C2
式中R为:甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基;
b)除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷和石油醚的混合溶剂重结晶剩余物质,得最终产物;二氯甲烷和石油醚的体积比为1∶10,所用石油醚的沸程为60-90℃。
4.权利要求3的制备方法,其特征在于,环乙亚胺是(R)-2-苄基-1-甲苯磺酰基环乙亚胺或(R)-2-苯基-1-甲苯磺酰基环乙亚胺。
5.权利要求1的手性磺酰胺胺醇配体在不对称合成反应中作为催化剂配体的应用。
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