CN100580103C - Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace - Google Patents
Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN100580103C CN100580103C CN200810151362A CN200810151362A CN100580103C CN 100580103 C CN100580103 C CN 100580103C CN 200810151362 A CN200810151362 A CN 200810151362A CN 200810151362 A CN200810151362 A CN 200810151362A CN 100580103 C CN100580103 C CN 100580103C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a box non-oxidation heat treating furnace which is installed with a switch and connected into a whole by a heating furnace and a salt bath chamber of a gate; atmosphere gas is concentratedly input into the heating furnace, and a gas path is made at a middle gate with the separated heating furnace and salt bath chamber so as to cause the atmosphere gas to flow into the salt bath chamber. The structure of the salt bath chamber is wholly sealed, and an exit door is installed at the back part of the salt bath chamber. The atmosphere gas poured from the heating furnace flows into the salt bath chamber to be converted into non-oxidized atmosphere gas, the residual gas is discharged from an exhaust port arranged at the upper part of the salt bath chamber. At the time, the pressure inside the heating furnace is kept to be slightly higher than the pressure inside the salt bath chamber so as to prevent the atmosphere gas in the salt bath chamber from flowing back to the heating furnace. The heating furnace has the advantage that the time of transmitting the gas from the heating furnace to the salt bath chamber is greatly shortened, and kept to be within 10 seconds. When heated workpieces are soaked in the salt bath chamber, the generated gas is discharged out of the furnace through the exhaust port, therefore, not only the gas can be prevented from flowing back into the heating furnace, but also the controlled atmosphere gas in the heating furnace can not be confused.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the used for metal thermal treatment stove, particularly relate to a kind of with process furnace and salt bathroom be connected in one structure, hermetic box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace.
Background technology
General steel fitting seldom uses the raw state after the mechanical workout, steel by heat treatment process after big spoke improve the mechanical characteristics that material itself has, therefore carry out suitable heat treatment process according to application target.Thermal treatment is the anabolic process of heating and cooling, particularly according to method of cooling the mechanical characteristics value is greatly improved.
For steel are carried out carburizing, carbonitriding, perhaps heat treatment process such as constant temperature thermal treatment is heated to the temperature of austenite region earlier.Be controlled at the process furnace of non-oxidizing atmosphere gas in and keep specified Heating temperature for fear of steel oxidation this moment, after this in order to obtain specified characteristic value, cooling (quenching) in the refrigerating unit of adjusting.The refrigerant that uses during cooling has water, oil, salt solution etc.Be presented at for example in the thermal treatment unit of Fig. 1 and use.
The thermal treatment unit of Fig. 1 comprises: workpiece 50 is pressed the assigned temperature heating, and the process furnace 10 of holding temperature and in order to specify refrigerative salt bath 22, workpiece is encased in the support 31 and transfer the transfer roller 39 of workpiece in the stove of packing in the stove, workpiece is immersed in elevator 24 in the refrigerant, and the withdrawing device 40 of workpiece is taken out in the cooling back that finishes; And workpiece is heat-treated processing continuously according to setting technology.
Under Fig. 1 situation, process furnace 10 drops into atmosphere gas gas and forms non-oxidation or carburizing atmosphere gas in order to reach the designated surface state of steel.For example: atmosphere gas gas is hydrocarbon gas such as Sweet natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and air mixed and the mixed gas (Sweet natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) that forms.Mixed gas is put in the heating furnace body by pipe arrangement.The workpiece that heats in this atmosphere gas can oxidation, and the surface is bright and clean state.After this workpiece is in order to specify cooling after the process furnace taking-up, utilize elevator to be dipped in the refrigerant, the shipping time that is dipped into refrigerant requires to be no more than 1 minute, if be placed in the air steel oxidation this moment, is cooled to about 20 seconds that oxidative phenomena appears in steel surface in oxidizing atmosphere gas.
For anti-oxidation here takes place, a lot of atmosphere gas Equipment for Heating Processing use oil to do refrigerant.The present atmosphere gas heat treatment furnace that uses oil-quenched process furnace and quenching chamber in the atmosphere gas of one, to quench.Use salt bath or water to make the cooling tank of refrigerant, vaporized gas flow into inside heating furnace in steam that produces when the cooling down high-temperature workpiece or the salt bath, destroy the atmosphere gas gas of inside heating furnace, the gas that produces in the cooling tank corrodes the refractory materials of process furnace in early days, therefore cooling tank then is installed in process furnace and isolates on the position of certain distance, and cooling tank is the air atmosphere gas Equipment for Heating Processing of top style of opening.
Nearest auto parts machinery or precision optical machinery accessory are to complicated, light, high strength development, the situation that the easy more appearance of steel fitting is out of shape when making thermal treatment (quenching).Quenching refers to steel is descended rapidly from austenitic temperature, makes the thermal treatment process of metallographic structure to the high martensitic transformation of intensity, but volumetric expansion extremely takes place during martensitic transformation.Therefore near martensite transformation temperature (the Ms point is according to the decision of steel matter composition), workpiece is as far as possible with the state of temperature of homogeneous cooling off slowly.
The general carburizing thermal treatment temp of this Ms point is about 240 ℃, keeps this temperature when using quenching oil to make refrigerant, serious defective can occur usually, and is therefore uneconomical.Best refrigerant is exactly frequent use of salt solution (KNO3 that gives an example, NaNO3 etc.) of nitric acid system.Using at present this nitric acid is that salt solution frequently uses in the continous way gas carbruizing furance as refrigerant, but all is the opening salt bath of air atmosphere gas that the salt bathroom is separated installation with cementing furnace.The product made from steel that nonoxidizing heating this moment is handled is very of short duration under the condition of high temperature (more than 800 ℃ of austenitic temperature zone), is placed in the oxidizing atmosphere gas, and the phenomenon of oxidation can appear in the surface.
Salt bath and process furnace separate installation, have existed to specify to enter into the shortcoming that temperature can descend before the process of cooling after the thermal treatment.Steel products begin to martensitic transformation from the austenite region temperature, according to the alloy ingredient difference of iron and steel, are to need from dropping to below 500 ℃ more than 800 ℃ with interior at 25 seconds as usual.When salt bath and process furnace are spaced apart,, can produce pearlitic danger about 600 ℃～700 ℃ of existence because of the needs traveling time.The steel fitting surface that general carburizing finishes so can not cause perlitic transformation at this moment, does not still have the local meeting in accessory inside (deep) of carburizing to produce perlitic transformation with 0.7% above carbon content, produces the first ferrite of analysing simultaneously.This occurring, just to analyse ferritic iron and steel accessory be the mechanical characteristics value that can not obtain the phase of giving, so check result is defective.
Abandoned the salt bath cooling for fear of this type of defective, changed into and use quenching oil to do refrigerant.Cooling in the approaching ceiling temperature of quenching oil use range temperature (according to 150 ℃～200 ℃ of quenching oil character and states), and with this temperature maintenance certain hour, the possibility of local temperature overheating when also considering from quenching oil, to take out, can be used in the atmosphere gas methods such as slowly cooling, just actual carrying out according to operator's experience.
The technology of carburizing and quenching below mainly has been described, but the present invention is that to obtain in the iron and steel accessory atmosphere gas heat treating method of best effect with the constant temperature process of thermal treatment be background.
Constant temperature thermal treatment is one of iron and steel accessory heat treating method, and the mechanical characteristics of iron and steel accessory is not carried out common Q-tempering, also can obtain the method for equal above characteristic, is widely used in the spring accessory.This process with quench consistent, first the iron and steel accessory be heated to austenitic temperature at the appointed time be incubated keep after, be dipped into 250 ℃～400 ℃ salt bath, making the iron and steel tissue is the thermal treatment of bainite from austenitic transformation.Need not directly obtain bainite structure because of quenching causes martensitic transformation, the rapid expansion of volume or change the bending cause because of metallographic in the time of can also avoiding changing.So the workpiece deformation or the splitted problem that can prevent to quench and occur often.
Mechanical characteristics value by this constant temperature thermal treatment obtains when comparing with the equal hardness workpiece of obtaining by Q-tempering, has superiority at the ductility or the aspects such as plastic working and further mechanical shock-resistance of iron and steel accessory.Strengthening this feature uses in spring accessory or steel wire quenching.This constant temperature thermal treatment is in order to change to bainite structure from the beginning of the austenitic temperature of iron and steel accessory zone, needs at short notice below the quick cooling to 400 ℃.550 ℃～700 ℃ temperature the perlitic transformation zone can take place in this process, the perlitic transformation curve intersection during with cooling produces perlite, and workpiece is obtained and given the phase physical strength.
For the heat treated workpiece of the constant temperature that reduces cost generally uses carbon steel.This carbon steel hardenability is bad, and causes perlitic transformation easily.The workpiece of making of carbon steel is in order to obtain uniform bainite structure, and generally selected thickness is the following accessory of about 7～8mm.
Present atmosphere gas heat treatment furnace such as above-mentioned some defective of using in the constant temperature thermal treatment is installed in the atmosphere gas heat treatment furnace of process furnace back for the salt bath that cools off use.Represent stove that net belt type constant temperature heat treatment furnace is arranged.The equipment that Fig. 1 shows, workpiece are to begin to soak the position to salt bath from process furnace to need the time more than 30 seconds, make carbon steel can't obtain uniform bainite structure.Fig. 2 is the most representative net belt type atmosphere of a constant temperature heat treatment furnace steam stove.
Fig. 2 is net belt type constant temperature Equipment for Heating Processing figure, and net belt type constant temperature Equipment for Heating Processing is by process furnace 500, the net formula travelling belt 502 of the workpiece of packing into, for the preparation platform 511 of workpiece in the stove of packing into, workpiece is placed on the work passage 503 of salt bath, salt bath 504, the transfer roller 505 that takes out workpiece constitutes.The input pipe 510 of input atmosphere gas gas (mixed gas etc.) has been installed in process furnace 500, can have been sent into non-oxidizing atmosphere gas in the stove.At first workpiece is placed into preparation platform 511, enters subsequently and be installed in furnace interior round-robin net formula travelling belt 502 tops.Net formula travelling belt is to circulate with setting-up time.Heating furnace structure is for to begin to outlet from inlet side, be divided into the temperature rising area, evenly the district is kept in insulation, workpiece is along with after net formula travelling belt keeps the district by temperature rising area and insulation, carry out assigned temperature be incubated keep after, put into salt bath 504 from process furnace 500 terminals by work passage 503.After specifying cooling time, and the workpiece kept of insulation outputs to outside the stove by promoting transfer roller 505, finishes constant temperature thermal treatment simultaneously.
As above-mentioned in net belt type constant temperature heat treatment furnace workpiece be in atmosphere gas, directly to be dipped into salt bath after the heating, therefore oxidative phenomena can not appear on the surface.This reason is exactly that workpiece is dipped into salt bath from formula body temperature degree difficult to understand at short notice.So to the small shape product is the equipment that is well suited for.
But this kind equipment is restricted to shape of product, and is for example elongated when waiting product to be placed on the net formula travelling belt, is out of shape because of being stuck in easily to produce on the net formula travelling belt.Easily being raised transfer roller when further being dipped into salt bath blocks.The product of all the other complicated shapes is also yielding, and attached to producing unnecessary trouble on the net formula travelling belt.
As above-mentioned net belt type constant temperature heat treatment furnace remarkable advantage is arranged, also there is shortcoming the while, therefore needs to develop the heat treatment furnace that the non-oxidation processing that is suitable for more extensive product can be provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of gas of the indoor generation of salt bath that makes can not flow in the process furnace for solving the technical problem that exists in the known technology, can not influence inside heating furnace atmosphere, be structure as a whole hermetic box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace with process furnace and salt bathroom.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical problem that exists in the solution known technology is:
Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace of the present invention comprises: be provided with heating unit, upper of furnace body agitation fan, drop into the process furnace of the input pipe of atmosphere gas gas; The elevator that be provided with salt bath, stir the mesohalobic stirrer of salt bath, input is taken out workpiece, the venting port that top, salt bathroom is provided with, the free air delivery setting device of installing at venting port, be the salt bathroom of the reducing valve of salt bathroom reduction pressure; Be arranged on the entrance door of process furnace inlet.
Its salt bathroom is a closed type, process furnace and the closed type salt bathroom type that becomes one that links together; Between process furnace and salt bathroom, be provided with intermediate door; The outlet portal that is provided with at rear, salt bathroom; Be provided with gas passage on the intermediate door between process furnace and the salt bathroom, atmosphere gas gas flow into the salt bathroom by gas passage by process furnace and forms the non-oxidizing atmosphere gaseity.
Described concentrating to process furnace dropped into atmosphere gas gas, keeps inside heating furnace pressure to be higher than the salt bath chamber internal pressure.
Advantage and positively effect that the present invention has are:
Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace of the present invention, heat treating method (formula body state difficult to understand) workpiece after heating in the process furnace that it uses, when being immersed in salt bath, because of contacting, the salt solution of the surface of high-temperature steel section product and refrigerant produced gas, the gas and the indoor atmosphere gas of salt bath that produce are discharged to outside the stove by venting port together, can prevent that adverse current is to inside heating furnace.Therefore gas can not take place and flow in the process furnace, the atmosphere gas gas of having controlled well in also can chaotic process furnace can controlled atmosphere gas.
The gas that produces from salt bath can not flow in the process furnace, and the problem that refractory materials damages in the stove is resolved.Owing to prevented that salt bath from producing the effect that gas flows into, the interior refractory life of stove of cementing furnace is improved, reached long-term operation and low expense.
The present invention has shortened workpiece greatly and has been transported to time of salt bath from process furnace, and time of delivery maintained in 10 seconds, with below 1/3 of time of delivery that before set up the salt bath reduced in comparison.
Carry from the process furnace to the salt bath with interior at 10 seconds because of having reached workpiece, so realized the carbon steel product is carried out the thermal treatment of non-oxidation constant temperature.And the present invention also can use steel products complex-shaped in net formula travelling belt or the thermal treatment of crooked microscler accessory easily.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process furnace of prior art and the Equipment for Heating Processing figure of salt bath refrigerating unit;
Fig. 2 is net belt type constant temperature Equipment for Heating Processing figure;
Fig. 3 is a box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace structure iron of the present invention.
Major parts nomenclature in the accompanying drawing:
10: process furnace 11: entrance door 15: heating tube
16: agitation fan 17: drop into pipe 20: the salt bathroom
21: stirrer 22: salt bath 24: elevator
31: the support 39 of packing into: transfer roller 40: withdrawing device
50: workpiece 100: intermediate door 110: gas passage
200: outlet portal 201: flame curtain 300: venting port
310: free air delivery setting device 400: reducing valve 500: the net belt type process furnace
502: net formula travelling belt 503: work passage 504: salt bath
505: promote conveying belt 510: drop into pipe 511: the preparation platform
Embodiment
It is following that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to drawings and Examples.
The structure of box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace of the present invention is described according to Fig. 3.Fig. 3 is the box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace with process furnace and closed type salt bathroom formation one, it is by process furnace 10, closed type salt bathroom 20 constitutes, be provided with entrance door 11 at process furnace 10 inlets, process furnace 10 is provided with intermediate door 100 between the salt bathroom 20, is provided with outlet portal 200 at the rear in closed type salt bathroom.
When process furnace 10 is packed workpiece 50 into, entrance door 11 with free switch, when workpiece has heated the back taking-up, in the seal cavity that forms between the intermediate door 100 of free switch, be provided with electrically heated or other energy that burn heat the heating arrangement of furnace atmosphere gas and workpiece, the workpiece of packing in this heats up rapidly by assigned temperature.In the body of heater side electrical heating type radiator tube 15 is installed, be provided with the agitation fan 16 that stirs atmosphere gas in upper of furnace body, around agitation fan 16, be provided with the input pipe 17 of the atmosphere gas gas (mixed gas etc.) that changes non-oxidizing atmosphere gas or conversion carburizing atmosphere gas into.
The box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace that has shown the workpiece of packing in Fig. 3 consistently with the continous way box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace of a plurality of workpiece of continuous insertion also constitutes the one-piece type non-oxidation heat processing furnace of process furnace and salt bathroom.
Fig. 3 is the one box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace that connects and composes with process furnace 10 and salt bathroom 20.Be provided with before the process furnace inlet side with entrance door 11 and contact, and the support 31 of packing into of place work piece, open entrance door 11 and pack workpiece in process furnace.The withdrawing device 40 that uses when taking out workpiece has been installed at rear portion, salt bathroom, does not specify packing into or removing method of workpiece here.
So the Equipment for Heating Processing of design is according to the embodiment of the invention, in advance after keeping with the assigned temperature heat tracing in the process furnace 10, drops into atmosphere gas gas and keeps specifying under the atmosphere gaseity by atmosphere gas in the process furnace 10.Salt bathroom 20 is to concentrate the atmosphere gas gas of putting into heating chamber 10 to enter by intermediate door 100 gas passages, makes the salt bathroom 20 inner non-oxidation states that form, and presses in the process furnace and is adjusted into 50～200 handkerchiefs.Pressure can be than set(ting)value height in the stove, but leak easily at the position from the atmosphere gas air seal of each one of body of heater when too high.So the present invention is very cheap because of furnace binding simplification price, the interior pressure of the inner pressure ratio process furnace 10 in salt bathroom 20 is adjusted into more than low 10 handkerchiefs.The free air delivery setting device 310 that is installed in the venting port 300 on 20 tops, salt bathroom is adjusted the vent gas scale of construction, and adjusts the interior pressure in salt bathroom 20.
Possess in the atmosphere gas Equipment for Heating Processing of oil quenching type, because of interior pressure and the cooling intraventricular pressure of not adjusting process furnace, the back flow of gas that the salt bathroom frequently occurs is to process furnace.The vaporised gas that the refrigerant that uses during quenching produces when being oil, is not therefore considered without any influence atmosphere gas.And intermediate door 100 switches or workpiece 50 move and when being dipped into salt bath 22, prepared reducing valve when the salt bath chamber pressure is changed, and are set at when pressing in the salt bathroom 20 to start when approximately surpassing 1000 handkerchiefs.
Non-oxidation heat processing furnace is an entrance door 11 of opening process furnace 10 earlier, utilizes the support 31 of packing into needing heat treated workpiece 50 to be encased in process furnace 10.Be encased in workpiece 50 temperature as required of process furnace 10, atmosphere gas setting program and heating, insulation is kept.When carburizing treatment, provide the carburized depth and the carbon content of needs according to workpiece.When constant temperature thermal treatment, keep in time and the temperature insulation on demand of non-oxidizing atmosphere gaseity.In process furnace 10, drop into mixed gas and atmosphere gas gas by dropping into pipe 17 continuously before.Input amount is decided by the volume of process furnace 10.This gas flow into salt bathroom 20 by the gas passage 110 of intermediate door 100.
After in process furnace, finishing the appointment heat treatment process, open intermediate door 100, utilize elevator 24 travelling workpieces 50 in salt bathroom 20 at short notice.In order not allow workpiece 50 temperature descend, utilizing the support 31 of packing into to move is the best way when mobile.The support 31 of packing into moves to workpiece 50 on the elevator 24, and elevator drops to salt bath 22 simultaneously, and is immersed in the salt bath.Along with elevator decline while intermediate door 100 is also closed.The elevator back that descends is closed because of intermediate door 100, and the atmosphere gas gas that the gas that produces from salt bath flows into along with process furnace 10 is discharged to outside the stove by the venting port 300 in salt bathroom 20.
The workpiece that is immersed in salt bath 22 quench or ausrolling need the time salt solution of (5～60 minutes) in be incubated and keep.Press assigned temperature at salt bath in advance and start the salt bath stirrer, evenly cooling, insulation is kept.
Workpiece transfer is behind salt bathroom 20, and by the entrance door 11 new workpiece of packing into, process furnace 10 is with new program continuous heat treatment afterwards toward empty process furnace 10 successive, and this is very efficient method.The workpiece 50 that soaks at salt bath 22 with the fixed time is along with elevator 24 rises, keep the fixed time unrestrained behind salt bath 22 at this state attached to the salt solution on the workpiece 50, open the outlet portal 200 that install at 20 rear portions, salt bathroom, be transported on the withdrawing device of installing at the rear portion 40.
Press and the salt bath intraventricular pressure as above-mentioned before stove starts, the setting in the process furnace, generally do not need management, but need periodic calibration furnace pressure and record.Sometimes use because of long-time, press in pressure and the salt bathroom 20 in the process furnace 10 and can change to some extent, at this moment check intermediate door 110 states and the gas passage of separating process furnace 10 and salt bathroom 20.This method is the periodical survey method of implementing in general atmosphere gas heat treatment furnace.The Equipment for Heating Processing of under non-oxidation state fully, using of utilizing that this method can be steady in a long-term.
The present invention does refrigerant with salt solution, and steel products are heat-treated processing and are well suited for.The thermal treatment of its representative is gas cementation, nitrogenize, quenching, martenaging martempering, martempering processing.The austempering processing, the martenaging martempering that are fit to very much carbon steel or steel alloy are handled.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace comprises: be provided with heating unit, upper of furnace body agitation fan, drop into the process furnace of the input pipe of atmosphere gas gas; The venting port that be provided with salt bath, stir the mesohalobic stirrer of salt bath, the elevator of putting into or take out workpiece, top, salt bathroom is provided with, the free air delivery setting device of installing at venting port, salt bathroom with reducing valve; Be arranged on the entrance door of process furnace inlet; It is characterized in that the salt bathroom is a closed type, process furnace and the closed type salt bathroom type structure that becomes one that links together; Between process furnace and salt bathroom, be provided with intermediate door; The outlet portal that is provided with at rear, salt bathroom; Be provided with gas passage on the intermediate door between process furnace and the salt bathroom, atmosphere gas gas flow into the salt bathroom by gas passage by process furnace and forms the non-oxidizing atmosphere gaseity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810151362A CN100580103C (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2008-09-18 | Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810151362A CN100580103C (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2008-09-18 | Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101353718A CN101353718A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| CN100580103C true CN100580103C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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| CN200810151362A Active CN100580103C (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2008-09-18 | Box type non-oxidation heat processing furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104451044A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-03-25 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | Vacuum quenching method |
| CN105058424B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏捷帝机器人股份有限公司 | Immersion device for robot joint ball |
| TWI697564B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-07-01 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Heat treatment furnace |
| CN114150143A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-08 | 青岛特殊钢铁有限公司 | Salt bath heat treatment comprehensive experiment platform and method for high-speed wire rod |
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2008
- 2008-09-18 CN CN200810151362A patent/CN100580103C/en active Active
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