CN114166605B - Method for simulating and predicting core tissue performance of large-size CrMo steel member - Google Patents
Method for simulating and predicting core tissue performance of large-size CrMo steel member Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166605B CN114166605B CN202111512162.XA CN202111512162A CN114166605B CN 114166605 B CN114166605 B CN 114166605B CN 202111512162 A CN202111512162 A CN 202111512162A CN 114166605 B CN114166605 B CN 114166605B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of material structure control and heat treatment, in particular to a method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member. The method comprises the following specific processes: (1) Manufacturing a standard sample on the basis of the components and the process of the large-size CrMo steel, performing finish turning on the surface of the standard sample, and performing vacuum tube sealing (2) to obtain a balance structure by adopting a pearlitic annealing process; (3) The grain size consistent with the core structure is obtained through controlling the quenching heat parameters; (4) The core structure is simulated by controlling the standard sample size and quenching parameters. The invention can well simulate the core structure of large-size CrMo steel members with different thicknesses and accurately predict the core performance of the large-size CrMo steel members.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material structure control and heat treatment, in particular to a method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member.
Background
The CrMo alloy steel has good strength and toughness matching and fatigue limit, and is widely applied to the production and manufacture of large key components with the section thickness exceeding 100mm, such as wind power main shafts, bearings, shield machine main bearings and the like. In the heat treatment process, because the cross section of the large-size components is thick, the hardenability of the material is insufficient, the ideal martensitic structure is difficult to obtain after the core is quenched, and the complex structure of upper bainite, granular bainite, white abnormal structure and martensite is generated under the complex heat cycle effect. Wherein, the bainitic structure and the white abnormal structure can greatly reduce the impact toughness of the material, which is also the root cause of the disqualification of the impact performance of the core of the large-size CrMo steel component. The core structure of the large-size component is difficult to simulate under the conditions of the size and heat treatment of the conventional laboratory sample, so that the promotion of related researches is greatly hindered, the core performance of the large-size CrMo steel component is difficult to evaluate and optimize in advance, the upgrading of the domestic large-size CrMo steel component is hindered, and the production cost is increased. Therefore, it is significant how to accurately obtain the core tissue of the large-size component by using the laboratory small-size sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member, which uses a small-size sample in a laboratory to reproduce the core structure of the large-size CrMo steel member and provides preconditions for subsequent CrMo steel member core structure regulation and control and performance optimization research.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member comprises the following specific processes:
(1) Manufacturing a standard sample according to the components and the process of the large-size CrMo steel member;
(2) Carrying out vacuum sealing on the glass after finish turning on the surface of the standard sample, so as to avoid generating a decarburized layer in the subsequent heat treatment process;
(3) Adopting a pearlitic annealing process to obtain a balance structure;
(4) The grain size consistent with the core structure is obtained through controlling the quenching heat parameters;
(5) The core structure is simulated by controlling the standard sample size and quenching parameters.
In the step (1), the actual quenching production process of the large-size CrMo steel member is water cooling or oil cooling, the standard sample size is 60mm multiplied by 60mm, the components are the same as those of the large-size CrMo steel member, the forging temperature and the drawing times are the same as those of the large-size CrMo steel member, and the surface finish turning is performed.
In the method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of the large-size CrMo steel member, in the step (3), the pearlitic annealing process comprises the following steps: the standard sample is insulated at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ above Ac3 for 4-6 h, then furnace cooled to 710-760 ℃ for 6-10 h, then furnace cooled to 650-700 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then furnace cooled to room temperature.
In the method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of the large-size CrMo steel member, in the step (4), the quenching heat parameters are as follows: the heating rate of the standard sample is 100-200 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 10-30 ℃ above the actual quenching temperature of the large-size CrMo steel member, and the heat preservation time is 1/2-2/3 of the actual heat preservation time of the large-size CrMo steel member.
In the method for simulating and predicting the core tissue performance of the large-size CrMo steel member, in the step (5), the dimension error of the standard sample is strictly controlled within +/-5 mm.
In the method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of the large-size CrMo steel member, in the step (5), quenching and cooling parameters are as follows: after the heat preservation of the standard sample by the quenching heat parameters is finished, rapidly placing the standard sample in dry sand at room temperature for less than 10 seconds; the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface of the standard sample is determined according to the section thickness of the large-size CrMo steel member, and when the section thickness is smaller than 200mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 20-40 mm; when the section thickness is between 200 and 400mm (excluding 400 mm), the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 40 to 120mm; when the section thickness is 400-600 mm (excluding 600 mm), the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 120-200 mm; when the section thickness is above 600mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is more than 200mm; ensuring that the thickness of the sand layer in the direction of the rest surface is larger than that of the sand layer covered by the upper surface.
The mechanism for simulating and predicting the core tissue performance of the large-size CrMo steel member is as follows:
the invention fixes the size of the standard sample, the standard sample with a specific size provides a basis for obtaining the core tissue, the complicated tissue structure of the core cannot be obtained if the size of the standard sample is too small, and the whole thermal cycle of the standard sample is uneven if the size of the standard sample is too large, so that the whole tissue of the standard sample is uneven, and the surface tissue and the internal tissue structure are different.
Sand cooling is the only cooling mode capable of controlling the cooling speed in common heat treatment, and the cooling speed can be regulated and controlled by controlling the depth of a standard sample in sand. Meanwhile, the cooling speed of the standard sample in the sand is not constant, the sample is initially put into the sand, the cooling speed is high, and the cooling speed gradually slows down along with the increase of the temperature of surrounding sand, and the cooling speed is similar to the cooling of the core structure of the large-size CrMo steel member in the water cooling or oil cooling process.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can simulate the core structure of large-size CrMo steel members with various section thicknesses, which is composed of martensite, upper bainite, granular bainite and white abnormal structures, through the accurate control of the size of the standard sample and the depth of the sand layer.
2. The invention has simple operation, and the obtained standard sample has uniform and stable structure, and is very suitable for researching the core structure and the performance of the large-section CrMo steel member.
3. The invention can be widely applied to the performance prediction of the core part of the large-size CrMo steel member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the surface layer structure of example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of example 1.
Fig. 3 shows the main bearing core structure of the shield machine of example 1.
FIG. 4 shows the surface layer structure of example 2.
FIG. 5 shows the internal structure of example 2.
Fig. 6 shows a main shaft core structure of a wind turbine according to example 2.
Detailed Description
In the concrete implementation process, the core structure of the domestic large-size CrMo steel member is complex and consists of martensite, upper bainite, granular bainite and white abnormal structure, wherein the white abnormal structure is a secondary high-temperature transformation product between proeutectoid ferrite and granular bainite, and the concentration of the product is 4wt% of HNO 3 After corrosion of the alcoholic solution, irregular white blocks are randomly distributed under an optical microscope. The method comprises the following specific processes: (1) Manufacturing a standard sample on the basis of the components and the process of the large-size CrMo steel, performing finish turning on the surface of the standard sample, and performing vacuum tube sealing (2) to obtain a balance structure by adopting a pearlitic annealing process; (3) The grain size consistent with the core structure is obtained through controlling the quenching heat parameters; (4) The core structure is simulated by controlling the standard sample size and quenching parameters.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the actual austenitizing temperature of the main bearing of the shield machine with the section thickness of 300mm is 880 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10h, the impact energy (Akv) of the core part-30 ℃ is 35J, and the components are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: (1) directly taking standard samples with the sizes of 60mm multiplied by 60mm on the surface of the main bearing of the shield machine, finely turning the surface of the standard samples, and vacuum sealing the pipe. (2) And (3) carrying out heat preservation on the standard sample subjected to tube sealing at 880 ℃ for 6 hours, then carrying out heat preservation from furnace cooling to 725 ℃ for 8 hours, then carrying out heat preservation from furnace cooling to 660 ℃ for 4 hours, and then carrying out furnace cooling to room temperature. (3) And heating the standard sample to 920 ℃ at a heating rate of 180 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 5h. (4) After the heat preservation is finished, smashing the sealing tube within 5 seconds, placing the standard sample in the center of a sand barrel with the diameter of 300mm, covering the surface of the sand barrel with a sand layer with the thickness of 70mm, and cooling the standard sample to room temperature.
After the steps, the impact energy (Akv) of the standard sample at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ is 38J, the surface structure of the standard sample is shown in figure 1, the internal structure is shown in figure 2, and the main bearing core structure of the shield tunneling machine is shown in figure 3. As can be seen from the figures 1, 2 and 3, the method obtains the core structure of the large-size CrMo steel member with different section thicknesses in the small-size sample by accurately controlling the size of the standard sample and the thickness of the sand layer, and the whole standard sample has uniform structure and no difference between inside and outside.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the actual austenitizing temperature of the main shaft of the wind driven generator with the section thickness of 580mm is 860 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30h, the impact energy (Akv) of the core part-30 ℃ is 17J, and the components are as follows:
| element(s) | Content (wt%) |
| C | 0.39 |
| Si | 0.23 |
| Mn | 0.70 |
| P | 0.01 |
| S | 0.008 |
| Ni | 0.51 |
| Cr | 1.09 |
| Mo | 0.23 |
| V | 0.10 |
| Al | 0.017 |
| B | 0.0010 |
| Fe | Allowance of |
The method comprises the following steps: (1) according to the above components, smelting steel ingot, forging the steel ingot into square bar with the section of 65mm multiplied by 65mm after three upsetting and three drawing, taking standard sample with the size of 62mm multiplied by 63mm on the square bar, finely turning the surface of the standard sample, and vacuum sealing the tube. (2) And (3) carrying out heat preservation on the standard sample subjected to pipe sealing at 860 ℃ for 5 hours, then carrying out heat preservation from furnace cooling to 710 ℃ for 7 hours, then carrying out heat preservation from furnace cooling to 670 ℃ for 4 hours, and then carrying out furnace cooling to room temperature. (3) And heating the standard sample to 880 ℃ at a heating rate of 180 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 20h. (4) After the heat preservation is finished, smashing the sealing tube within 5 seconds, placing the standard sample in the center of a sand barrel with the diameter of 450mm, covering the surface of the sand barrel with a sand layer with the thickness of 180mm, and cooling the standard sample to room temperature.
After the steps, the impact energy (Akv) of the standard sample at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ is 15.5J, the surface structure of the standard sample is shown in fig. 4, the internal structure is shown in fig. 5, and the main bearing core structure of the shield tunneling machine is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from fig. 4, 5 and 6, the method obtains the core structure of the large-size CrMo steel member with different section thickness in the small-size sample by accurately controlling the size of the standard sample and the thickness of the sand layer, and the whole standard sample has uniform structure and no difference between inside and outside.
The results of the embodiment show that the invention can well simulate the core structures of large-size CrMo steel members with different thicknesses and accurately predict the core performance.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various other modifications can be made in combination with the actual implementation described above, and all such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
(1) Manufacturing a standard sample according to the components and the process of the large-size CrMo steel member;
(2) Carrying out vacuum sealing on the glass after finish turning on the surface of the standard sample, so as to avoid generating a decarburized layer in the subsequent heat treatment process;
(3) Adopting a pearlitic annealing process to obtain a balance structure;
(4) The grain size consistent with the core structure is obtained through controlling the quenching heat parameters;
(5) Simulating a core structure through control of standard sample size and quenching cooling parameters;
in the step (3), the pearlitic annealing process is as follows: the standard sample is subjected to heat preservation at 50-70 ℃ above Ac3 temperature for 4-6 h, then furnace cooling is performed to 710-760 ℃ for 6-10 h, then furnace cooling is performed to 650-700 ℃ for 3-5 h, and then furnace cooling is performed to room temperature;
in the step (4), the quenching heat parameters are as follows: the heating rate of the standard sample is 100-200 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 10-30 ℃ above the actual quenching temperature of the large-size CrMo steel member, and the heat preservation time is 1/2-2/3 of the actual heat preservation time of the large-size CrMo steel member.
2. The method for simulating and predicting the core structure performance of a large-size CrMo steel member according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the actual quenching production process of the large-size CrMo steel member is water cooling or oil cooling, the standard sample size is 60mm x 60mm, the composition is the same as that of the large-size CrMo steel member, the forging temperature and the drawing times are the same as those of the large-size CrMo steel member, and the surface finish turning is performed.
3. The method for modeling and predicting the performance of a core structure of a large-sized CrMo steel member according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the dimensional error of the standard sample is strictly controlled within ±5 mm.
4. The method for modeling and predicting the performance of a core structure of a large-sized CrMo steel member according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the quenching parameters are: after the heat preservation of the standard sample by the quenching heat parameters is finished, rapidly placing the standard sample in dry sand at room temperature for less than 10 seconds; the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface of the standard sample is determined according to the section thickness of the large-size CrMo steel member, and when the section thickness is smaller than 200mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 20-40 mm; when the section thickness is between 200 and 400mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 40 to 120mm; when the section thickness is between 400 and 600mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is 120 to 200mm; when the section thickness is above 600mm, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the upper surface is more than 200mm; ensuring that the thickness of the sand layer in the direction of the rest surface is larger than that of the sand layer covered by the upper surface.
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