Self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gas-liquid reaction apparatus in fields such as chemical industry, petrochemical industry, environment, pharmacy, light industry, it is good particularly to have a mass-transfer performance, and suction capacity is strong, has a kind of self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor of super gravity field.
Background technology
All relate generally to gas liquid reaction in many fields such as chemical industry, petrochemical industry, environment, pharmacy, light industrys, conventional gas-liquid reactor comprises: gas is dispersed in bubbling column reactor in the liquid phase, stirs bubbling tank reactor and plate-type reactor with bubble shape, liquid is dispersed in spraying, injection and Wen's reactor etc. in the gas phase with droplet-like, the packed tower reactor that liquid contacts with gas phase with membranaceous motion and falling film reactor etc.In recent years, novel reactors such as Self-Priming Gas-Liquid Reactor, circulation flow reactor, rotating packed bed reactor have appearred.
In a lot of occasions, when requiring in reactor, to handle big quantity of fluid, generally select bubble tower and stirring bubbling tank reactor for use.The air-flow of tank reactor commonly used carries out feed liquid with mechanical agitation and mixes and gas dispersion by compressor or the supply of other gas conveying machinery in certain container, reach the purpose of reaction.The air-flow that this mode is supplied all needs special plant equipment and corresponding fabricating yard, auxiliary equipment, power consumption and maintenance management, the material corrosion problem that also exists that has.Therefore, the mechanical agitation direct gas-liquid contanct equipment of introducing gas in operation process with reactor begins to be subject to people's attention without gas conveying machinery.Self-Priming Gas-Liquid Reactor has just appearred based on this problem.
The critical piece of conventional self-priming reactor is the hollow turbine stirrers of many prismatics, and it will react feed liquid when mixing with certain speed in container, constantly liquids and gases be sucked and will discharge, and form the gas-liquid mixed system in reactor, realize that gas-liquid contacts.It is compared than common bubbling agitator, realized that gas sucks automatically, gas-liquid contact mass transfer area has had raising, has improved gas liquid reaction, but because sucker mechanism is a turbine, rotating speed is subjected to the restriction of stabilizer shaft, so extracting force is not enough, especially in chemical reaction process, reach boiling point and its saturated vapor pressure during near atmospheric pressure as feed temperature, as source of the gas is normal pressure, then can not be air-breathing.
Conventional circulation flow reactor is a kind of novel reactor that grows up on the traditional bubble tower basis, circulation and two kinds of forms of external loop reactor in can being divided into by structure.As the reactor of interior circulation gas-lifting type center air inlet, inner no agitating device is to add guide shell to constitute in traditional bubble tower.After gas enters central draft tube by gas distributor, cause tube fluid density outer lower than pipe, at differential static pressure with enter under the momentum of gas, make liquid carry bubble and in reactor, form and circulate, thereby reach gas-liquid mixed preferably.Circulation flow reactor has reasonable macroscopic view and flows, but can not provide powerful the shearing to disperse, so can not obtain tiny bubble or bubble population.
Conventional rotating packed bed reactor is that the super gravity field (centrifugal force field) that utilizes the rotor high-speed rotation to produce replaces the residing gravitational field of traditional gas-liquid mass transfer (contact) equipment, make acceleration of gravity " g " change centrifugal acceleration in the centrifugal force field " g ' " into, it is a constant no longer just, its size (g '=r ω
2) change with angular velocity of rotation ω and the different of bed structure, broken through the restriction of " g " in the gravitational field, thereby being called, the reinforcement of mass transport process may and obtain important breakthrough, be " transistor " of chemical device.But this reactor requires very high to the equipment processing technology, rotatory sealing local more, and also seal changes frequently, and this becomes the high-gravity technology point of tackling key problems.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor, have the major function of self-priming reactor, circulation flow reactor and supergravity reactor concurrently, overcome their relevant shortcoming simultaneously.Make the integral device compact conformation, processing technology is simple, dependable performance.
According to design provided by the present invention, described self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor comprises the main body of reactor vessel, power rotor, stator, guide shell, gas inlet tube, driving mechanism and sealing mechanism, it is characterized in that: driving mechanism be positioned at main body above, the shaft extension of driving mechanism is gone in the main body, power rotor is installed in lower end at axle, connecting tube on the main body of being installed on is arranged in the outside of axle, stator is installed on the lower end of connecting tube, power rotor is positioned at stator, on stator, there is guide shell the outside of connecting tube, gas inlet tube is arranged below stator, sealing mechanism is set in the joint portion of main body and axle.
The inwall of the main body of described reactor vessel is provided with baffle plate.The quantity of baffle plate is two or 4 or 6, or more than 6.The top of described stator has inlet, has gas feed on the base plate of stator, and gas feed links to each other with gas inlet tube, and the peripheral side of stator has the stator aperture of some gas-liquid two-phase outlets.Described power rotor has blade, impeller and outer toroid, the inner and the impeller of blade are tangent, the outer end of blade links to each other with outer toroid, have some rotor apertures on the outer toroid, the peripheral side of stator has the stator aperture of some gas-liquid two-phases outlet, the rotor aperture in the axial direction with the location dislocation of stator aperture.
The assemblage gap of described power rotor and stator is at 0.5~2mm.The upper end of described guide shell has several V-type overflow launders.Described driving mechanism comprises high-speed electric expreess locomotive, shaft joint, support, tachometer disc, axle, rolling bearing, axle sleeve, connecting tube, tetrafluoro sliding bearing, wherein high-speed electric expreess locomotive utilizes shaft joint to be connected with axle, rolling bearing and tetrafluoro sliding bearing are installed in the upper and lower of axle respectively, and tachometer disc is fixed on the below of shaft joint.Described sealing mechanism is a rotation axis seal; Rotation axis seal comprises filling-modified tetrafluoroethene oil sealing, or mechanical seal.Described container body comprises inner barrel, be positioned at the chuck of simplified outside and be positioned at some baffle plates that are parallel to axle on the inner barrel inwall.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to have introduced the power rotor of rotation at a high speed and the combination of stator, inlet and air inlet are arranged on the stator structure, the high speed rotation of power rotor provides powerful power, power rotor increases and the potential energy minimizing with diametric kinetic energy, thereby the fluid pressure that makes the peripheral kinetic energy of power rotor is lower than the pressure of the low kinetic energy of rotor center, produce vacant state, fluid is flowed by mind-set rotor periphery in the power rotor, cause the rotor center room, form this regional vacuum, liquids and gases suck from charging aperture respectively, form the suction capacity of this device; Two-phase fluid flows out through the outer toroid that power rotor has aperture, (shear in 0.5~2mm) cavity, mill, clash at power rotor and the little gap of stator, constantly increase to this zonal centrifugation acceleration by the power rotor center, gas-liquid two-phase presents super gravity field, be dispersed into tiny bubble simultaneously, increase gas-liquid mass transfer area, mass tranfer coefficient, improved gas liquid reaction speed; The aperture of power rotor and the dislocation of the aperture position of stator make fluid at the gap time of staying of power rotor and stator lengthening; Two-phase fluid forms intensive minute bubbles and from bottom to top flows in the reactor vessel main body again from the ejection of the aperture of stator, eliminates the macroscopical whirlpool of container through the baffle plate baffling, and the coalescence that increased the time of staying, has suppressed bubble forms uniform gas-liquid mixed system; The fluid that rises is through after reacting, the fluid flow guiding tube of the less liquid flooding of gas content under the vessel level offers the inlet of stator, forms the circulation of liquid phase fluid, the V-type groove of guide shell improves hydrodynamic shear and sheared length, and guide shell can prevent the short-circuit cycle in the container simultaneously.Make gas liquid reaction realize the multi-functional of self-priming, interior circulation, hypergravity by these mechanisms and effect, reach and improve gas-liquid mass transfer speed, increase the gas-liquid contact area, accelerate the effect of gas liquid reaction in apparatus of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the structure of power rotor;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structure of stator;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4.
The specific embodiment
Figure 1 shows that the self-suction type inner circulation overweight field gas-liquid reactor structural representation, mainly form by reactor vessel main body 1, power rotor 5, stator 6, guide shell 2, gas inlet tube 7, driving mechanism 4 and sealing mechanism 3, it is characterized in that: main body 1 links to each other with sealing mechanism 3 with driving mechanism 4, power rotor 5 is connected with the axle 4.9 of driving mechanism 4, and be installed in the stator 6, stator 6 links to each other with the connecting tube 4.7 of driving mechanism 4, guide shell 2 links to each other with stator 6, and gas inlet tube 7 is located at the bottom of stator 6.
Described container body 1 comprises inner barrel 1.1, be positioned at the chuck 1.2 of simplified 1.1 outsides and be positioned at some baffle plates 1.3 that are parallel to axle 4.9 on inner barrel 1.1 inwalls.The related process mouth of pipe mainly contains inlet 1.4, gas outlet 1.5, air inlet 7 and liquid outlet 1.6 etc.Be provided with baffle plate 1.3 in the reactor vessel main body 1, quantity can be two, also can four or six, baffle number can be determined according to the container size, the whirlpool that prevents the container inner fluid forms, and increases the time of contact of gas-liquid two-phase, and the coalescence that has suppressed bubble forms uniform gas-liquid mixed system.
Fig. 4,5 is depicted as the structure of stator, and stator 6 tops have 4 inlets 6.1, have gas feed 6.3 on the bottom stator plate 6.4, and peripheral side has 16 of every rows aperture 6.2 of totally 4 exhaust liquid two-phases outlet.The cavity that this structure forms make gas-liquid two-phase by separately import to radially flowing, again from aperture 6.2 ejections, reach and form intensive minute bubbles and have the purpose of enough kinetic energy.
Fig. 2,3 is depicted as the structure of power rotor, power rotor 5 has blade 5.1, impeller 5.4 and outer toroid 5.3, the inner and the impeller of blade 5.1 are tangent, the outer end of blade 5.1 and outer toroid 5.3 connect into integral body, have 16 of every rows rotor apertures 5.2 of totally 3 rows on the outer toroid 5.3, this rotor aperture 5.2 in the axial direction with the location dislocation of stator aperture 6.2 shown in Figure 3.Blade 5.1 is because of the tangent center of departing from, and strengthens as Fig. 2 area that fluid is applied can make rotation time that turns clockwise, and the kinetic energy that fluid obtains strengthens.
Fig. 2,3 and Fig. 4,5 shown in power rotor 5 and stator 6 processing assemblage gaps at 0.5~2mm.Have shearing in the cavity of gap, mill, clash into, constantly increased to this zonal centrifugation acceleration by the power rotor center, gas-liquid two-phase presents super gravity field, is dispersed into tiny bubble simultaneously, increases gas-liquid mass transfer area, mass tranfer coefficient, has improved gas liquid reaction speed.
Guide shell 2 is located on the stator 6, and have several V-type overflow launders 2.1 in the top, it highly is positioned under the liquid level, after rising in container by the two-phase fluid after stator 6 ejection, the guide shell 2 of the less liquid flooding of gas content under the vessel level offers the inlet of stator 6, forms the circulation of liquid phase fluid, the V-type overflow launder 2.1 of guide shell 2 improves hydrodynamic shear and sheared length, and guide shell 2 can prevent the short-circuit cycle in the container simultaneously.
Driving mechanism 4 is made up of high-speed electric expreess locomotive 4.1, shaft joint 4.2, support 4.3, tachometer disc 4.4, axle 4.9, rolling bearing 4.5, axle sleeve 4.6, connecting tube 4.7, tetrafluoro sliding bearing 4.8, wherein high-speed electric expreess locomotive 4.1 is connected with axle 4.9 by shaft joint 4.2,2 rolling bearings 4.5 and tetrafluoro sliding bearing 4.8 are installed in the upper and lower of axle 4.9, axle sleeve 4.6 is arranged between the rolling bearing, and tachometer disc 4.4 is fixed on the below of shaft joint 4.2.High-speed electric expreess locomotive is a DC servo motor, adjustable-speed, and the rotating speed of axle is measured rotating speed by tachometer disc and the holes probe that adds.The combination of 2 rolling bearings and tetrafluoro sliding bearing is in order to improve the rotational stabilization of cantilevered axle.Sliding bearing adopts polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material, considers that its coefficient of friction hangs down and material has corrosion.
For fear of leakage, sealing mechanism 3 mainly refers to rotation axis seal, and its pattern is filling-modified tetrafluoroethene oil sealing, or mechanical seal, is installed in connecting tube 4.7 tops.Shown in Figure 1 is filling-modified tetrafluoroethene oil sealing, the maximum rotational line speed 30m/s that uses, and maximum working pressure 2.0MPa adapts to the requirement of most of gas liquid reactions.Other static seal position uses flexible gasket or O type circle conveniently to solve.
During work, the mouth of pipe on feed liquid and gas and the container 1 is separately connected, liquid material at first adds container 1, open high-speed electric expreess locomotive 4.1, power rotor 5 rotation at a high speed provides powerful power, power rotor increases and the potential energy minimizing with diametric kinetic energy, thereby the fluid pressure that makes the peripheral kinetic energy of power rotor is lower than the pressure of the low kinetic energy of rotor center, produce vacant state, fluid is flowed by mind-set rotor periphery in the power rotor, causes the rotor center room, form this regional vacuum, liquid overflows into from the V-type groove of guide shell 2, enters the inlet 6.1 of stator 6, be full of liquid in the bore of stator after, the vacuum of central area is strengthened, at this moment open gas inlet pipe 7, the very fast air inlet 6.3 by stator of gas sucks, and has formed suction capacity.Two-phase fluid flows out through the rotor aperture 5.2 of power rotor outer toroid 5.3, in the cavity of the gap of power rotor and stator (0.5mm), shear, mill, clash into, constantly increase to this zonal centrifugation acceleration by the power rotor center, when rotating speed is 6000rpm and root diameter 50mm, centrifugal acceleration 9860m/s
2Be that the 1000g gas-liquid two-phase presents super gravity field, be dispersed into tiny bubble simultaneously, increase gas-liquid mass transfer area, mass tranfer coefficient, improved gas liquid reaction speed.The rotor aperture 5.2 of power rotor and the location dislocation of stator aperture 6.2 make fluid at the gap time of staying of power rotor and stator lengthening.Two-phase fluid forms intensive minute bubbles and from bottom to top flows in the reactor vessel main body again from the ejection of the aperture of stator, eliminates the macroscopical whirlpool of container through baffle plate 1.3 bafflings, and the coalescence that increased the time of staying, has suppressed bubble forms uniform gas-liquid mixed system.The fluid that rises is through after reacting, the guide shell of the less liquid flooding of gas content under the vessel level offers the inlet of stator, forms the circulation of liquid phase fluid, the V-type groove of guide shell improves hydrodynamic shear and sheared length, and guide shell can prevent the short-circuit cycle in the container simultaneously.Realize the multi-functional of self-priming, interior circulation, hypergravity thus, reach and improve gas-liquid mass transfer speed, increase the gas-liquid contact area, accelerate the effect of gas liquid reaction.The technological operation temperature is by chuck 1.2 heating, cooling medium control.
Utilize apparatus of the present invention to handle the glycerine legal system and get glycerine and hydrogen chloride substitution reaction in the epoxychloropropane technology, the result shows: under the same process, this gas liquid reaction reaches identical glycerol conversion yield 99%, the reaction time of using apparatus of the present invention stirs 4 hours of bubbling reactor by common gas-liquid and shortens to 1.5 hours, and the selectivity of dichlorohydrin has improved 25% simultaneously.