CN100577230C - 用于吸入设备的加热装置、吸入设备和加热方法 - Google Patents

用于吸入设备的加热装置、吸入设备和加热方法 Download PDF

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CN100577230C
CN100577230C CN200580043997A CN200580043997A CN100577230C CN 100577230 C CN100577230 C CN 100577230C CN 200580043997 A CN200580043997 A CN 200580043997A CN 200580043997 A CN200580043997 A CN 200580043997A CN 100577230 C CN100577230 C CN 100577230C
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heater
inhalation device
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恩斯特·赫布里希
奥托·汉普尔
诺贝特·彼佩尔
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    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种移动式吸入设备的加热装置，该吸入设备用于吸入有效物质，该加热装置具有：加热丝(15)，其具有两个用于输送电能的连接端(23、31)；以及用于加热空气的热量储存器，空气沿着热量储存器流动，其中热量储存器可通过加热丝加热，其中加热丝(15)具有至少0.001K-1的温度系数。本发明还涉及一种具有这样的加热装置的吸入设备以及用于加热这种加热装置的热量储存器的方法。

Description

用于吸入设备的加热装置、吸入设备和加热方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于吸入有效物质的移动式吸入设备，该吸入设备具有加热装置，该加热装置具有用于加热空气的热量储存器，空气将沿着热量储存器流动，其中热量储存器可通过加热装置的加热丝来加热。
背景技术
这种吸入设备设计用于吸入有效物质，特别是药物和/或芳香物质。这种吸入设备的使用者吸入空气，空气首先沿着热量储存器流动并且由此加热。随后，加热后的空气沿着有效物质存储器流动，其中处于有效物质存储器的有效物质通过加热后的空气释放、混合到加热后的空气中，并最后被使用者吸入。
由WO 2004/098324A2公开了一种无烟香烟。这种香烟具有可替换的部分(尼古丁存储器)，还具有带有套管和加热装置的可再次使用的部分以及具有带有蓄电池和自动调温器的储存站和充电站。可再次使用的部分的加热装置具有电阻线圈和存储热量的介质，其中在存储热量的介质和套管之间设置有空气流通通道。为了加热的目的，可再次使用的部分可以容纳在储存站和充电站中，其中可再次使用的部分的电阻线圈被长时间地加热，直至自动调温器结束加热过程。
通过根据自动调温器的相应的信号结束加热过程，并不能总是确保对热量储存器进行理想的热传递并精确地达到额定温度。
由EP-A-0 430 559公开了一种移动式吸入设备，在该吸入设备中有效物质存储器被保持在相对恒定的工作温度上。
US-A-5 878 752描述了一种具有加热线圈的移动式的吸入设备，其用于清洁的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，改善在前述类型的吸入设备中加热装置的热量储存器的加热。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于吸入有效物质的移动式吸入设备，其具有加热装置和连接套管，该连接套管在圆周上包围加热装置并且在一个端部上与能够被空气穿流的有效物质存储器连接，在连接套管和加热装置之间形成至少一个流通通道，加热装置具有设计为加热线圈的加热丝，加热丝具有两个用于输送电能的连接端，加热装置具有用于加热空气的热量储存器，空气沿着热量储存器流动，热量储存器通过所述加热丝来加热，加热丝具有至少0.001K-1(1000x10-6K-1)的温度系数，热量储存器的外部部件设置在加热线圈的外部，并且热量储存器的内部部件设置在加热线圈的内部，由使用者通过至少一个流通通道抽吸的空气沿着热量储存器的外部部件的整个长度流动。
加热装置的加热丝具有高的温度系数。如以下要描述的，在热量储存器中无需附加的温度探针即可简单及有效地检测出热量储存器的当前温度。以至于加热丝本身作为温度传感器(“热回馈”)使用。
根据以下的公式将表示出电阻的相对变化量与温度变化量的比例，该比例为温度系数(α)：
α = ΔR R · ΔT ,
其中，ΔR表示电阻(或者比电阻)的变化量，R表示电阻(或者比电阻)以及ΔT表示温度的变化量。温度系数也表征为电阻R取决于温度T。
相对而言，在公开的加热装置中，加热丝具有相比之下较小的温度系数，以使得加热丝的电阻较少地依赖于温度，进而获得基本上不依赖于温度的加热功率。例如合金-镍铜合金具有大约0.0004K-1的温度系数。
为了使加热丝加热，要输送电能，也就是输送特定强度的电流。同时为了检测出热量储存器或加热丝的当前温度，要测量加热丝的电阻的当前值。对此，基于检测出的电阻，测量结果可以用于调整继续输送的电能，也就是例如减少或提高电流强度或完全中止能量的输送。基于加热丝的较高的温度系数(R/T曲线的较大升幅)可以以较高的精确度由测量过的电阻确定出加热丝的当前温度，而无需额外的温度传感器。
准确的保持加热丝以及热量储存器的预定温度在吸入药品有效物质时是十分重要的，以使得一方面可靠地达到预定的剂量，另一方面则不会过量的服用。准确地检测出温度和相应准确地控制和调节加热功率对于移动地使用吸入设备也是十分重要的，这是因为所使用的电源(蓄电池)的容量是有限的并且应该始终理想地充分利用。
温度系数的特别有利的值例如为0.003K-1，其中当然越是实现较好的测量结果，则温度系数就越高。
此外，移动式吸入设备还具有可连接到加热丝的电源，以及具有电源和评估-控制电路，并且可通过评估-控制电路检测出加热丝的电阻，并可根据检测出的电阻来调节输送给加热丝的电能。
附图说明
接下来，仅仅参照附图示例性地对根据本发明的吸入设备进行说明，其中图1到6示出了用于这种吸入设备的加热装置。
图1示出了加热装置的透视图，
图2示出了加热装置的部件的透视图，
图3示出了切开的加热装置的透视图，
图4为根据图3的IV区域的详细视图，
图5示出了纵向截面中的加热装置，
图6为根据图5的V区域的详细视图，
图7示出了具有加热装置的移动式吸入设备，
图8示出了加热线圈的电阻与温度的依赖关系，
图9示出了加热线圈与具有评估-及控制电路的电源的电路连接的框图。
具体实施方式
在图1到图6中示出的加热装置9具有几乎旋转对称结构的细长形状。加热装置9(径向从内向外)具有中央接触柱11、陶瓷内管13、加热线圈15和陶瓷外管17(特别参考图3和5)。中央接触柱11、陶瓷内管13、加热线圈15和陶瓷外管17彼此同轴设置。中央接触柱11具有较高的导电能力，并且例如由铜-镍或其它金属合金构成。
加热线圈15相对而言具有较高的电阻。该线圈用于加热内管13和外管17并且具有较高的温度系数，如接下来详细描述(图8)。例如，由具有多种成分：铝(质量百分比0.6％)、铬(0.3％)、铁(30％)、锰(0.5％)和镍(其余)组成的镍-铁合金“Resisthen”(注册商标)构成的加热线圈15的温度系数大约为0.003K-1。内管13和外管17共同构成热量储存器，该热量储存器用于保存由加热线圈释放的热量，并且内管和外管由陶瓷材料构成，例如钛酸盐或滑石。
在中央接触柱11的前端端部(在图3的右侧、图5的上方)上形成圆盘状的接触座21。陶瓷内管13的前侧抵靠到接触座21的背侧。加热线圈15的前侧的连接端23被弯曲成U型，其中该U型包围陶瓷外管17的前端(如图2和3)。在外管17的前端上通过压配合来安置由铜或由具有导电覆盖物的金属合金构成的环形接触件25，从而使加热线圈15的前端的连接端23抵靠在环形接触件25的内侧，并进而在这两个部件之间建立电连接。
一方面，在具有接触座21的中央接触柱11的前端端部、陶瓷内管13的前端端部之间设置有绝缘套管27，另一方面在陶瓷内管的前端端部和具有环形接触件25的陶瓷外管17的前端端部也设置了该绝缘套管，该绝缘套管使得接触座21和环形接触件25相互之间绝缘，在示出的实施例中，接触座21、绝缘套管27和环形接触件25在加热装置9的前端都端部齐平地连接(如图3和5)。接触座21、绝缘套管27和环形接触件25都相互同轴地设置。
加热线圈15的后面的连接端31与中央接触柱11的后面的端部33电连接。中央接触柱11的该后面的端部33由陶瓷内管13向外伸出，该内管短于中央接触柱11和陶瓷外管17。中央接触柱11的后面的端部33与加热线圈15的后面的连接端31都通过固定块35在陶瓷内管17的内侧上固定。固定块35可以例如是粘结剂(例如水泥)，其从外管17的后侧灌入到其内腔中。陶瓷内管13固定在固定块35一侧和另中央接触柱11的接触座21的另一侧之间。
在图1到6中示出的加热装置9用于在移动式吸入设备中使用，该移动式吸入设备用于吸入有效物质，其中在加热装置9上加热流过的空气，并且有效物质存储器中的有效物质被释放，这些有效物质随后会被吸入。
图7以示意性的横截面视图示出了这种移动式吸入设备的部件。这种吸入设备具有连接套管41，该套管在圆周上包围加热装置9并且在一个端部上与可由空气穿流的有效物质存储器43连接。在连接套管41和加热装置9之间形成一个或多个流通通道45。吸入设备的使用者将嘴部放在有效物质存储器43上并吸气。吸入的空气沿着加热装置9流通通过流通通道45(如图7中的箭头)。因此，空气沿着陶瓷外管17(图1、3、5)流动，该陶瓷外管之前通过加热线圈15加热。由此而加热的空气随后流过有效物质存储器43，将其加热并且因此而释放安置在有效物质存储器43中的有效物质，该有效物质存储器被加热，并且这些在有效物质存储器中的有效物质由此被释放，并被空气获取并携带。使用者现在也就能够吸入这些有效物质。
这种吸入设备的许多用法是重要的，即有效物质要以预定的量和/或尽可能均匀地在预定的持续时间内释放。对此，这也是很重要的，即可以尽可能准确地调节加热线圈15的温度，其中，热量储存器(内管13和外管17)利用该加热线圈来加热。因此，这是值得追求的，即加热线圈15的当前的实际温度可以被检测。
为此目的而提出，即加热线圈15由具有高温度系数的材料(如已提及的)构成，也就是说，加热线圈15的电阻强烈地依赖于其温度。图8示例性示出了加热线圈15的电阻R与其温度T的这种依赖关系。在图8中示出的图形的较大的斜率是加热线圈15所使用的材料的特征。基于电阻的强烈的温度依赖性，可以根据所检测的电阻值以较高的精度确定出相应的温度值。
图9示出了已描述的移动式吸入设备的其它部分。该吸入设备具有作为电源的蓄电池51或电池以及评估-及控制电路53，该电路与蓄电池51的两个电极连接。评估-控制电路53在输出侧具有两个连接触点55、57。评估-及控制电路53作为用于从蓄电池51到加热线圈15的能量输送的驱动器。加热装置9(在图9中仅示出了加热线圈15)通过接触座21和环形接触件25暂时性地与连接触点55、57连接，其中电流穿过加热线圈15，以便使其加热。
在此，评估-及控制电路53根据加热线圈15的温度控制电流穿过加热线圈15。为此，评估-及控制电路53测量加热线圈15的电阻R。由此，根据电阻R强烈的温度依赖性(如图8)得出较高精度的温度T。
接下来描述根据图1到6的加热装置和根据图7和9的吸入设备的优点，这些优点可以独立地或彼此相结合地实现：
a)热量储存器不仅具有外部部件(外管17)，还具有内部部件(内管13)，该外部部件设置在加热线圈15的外部，该内部部件设置在加热线圈15的内部。由此，在通过加热线圈15来加热热量储存器之后，能够在长时间内实现均匀的热量输出，并且热量输出被证明对于热量储存器的不同的环境温度不是特别敏感。
b)根据前述实施例的改进方案，当加热线圈15抵靠到热量储存器的内部部件(内管13)的外侧，并且在加热线圈15和热量储存器的外部部件(外管17)的内侧之间至少沿着加热装置9的纵截面设置有气缝61(如图5)时，这是非常优选的。这种气缝61也是为了用于改善热量输出的均匀性。由于气缝61，从加热线圈15到外管17的热传递稍逊于到内管13的热传递。这在中断对加热线圈15的能量供应后造成从内管13到外管17的热传递的延缓，并且内管13起到用于外管17的具有较高温度水平的热量储存器的作用。由此，在外管17向外输出热量时，内管13可以对外管17进行较长时间的“再加热”。
c)因为加热线圈15的后侧的连接端31、中央接触柱11的后侧的端部33及内管13的后侧的端部都通过固定块35来固定一个位置上，所以加热装置9(在实际上未变化的制造方法中)也可以在一个实施例中制成，在该实施例中，中央接触柱11的接触座21相关于外管17的前端以及相关于环形接触件25的前端错置，换句话说，作为图3和5中示出的实施例可选方案，可以实现触针啮合接触(stifteingriffskontakt)，通过该触针啮合接触，可以在使用的电源上有效地避免电短路。这种触针啮合接触不是在所有的情况下都是需要和希望的。然而，描述的加热装置9的实施方案的特别的优点在于，两种方案变体(齐平的或错置的接触座21)都可以基本上以相同的制造方法来实现。
d)接触座21和环形接触件25都具有旋转对称的结构(如图1)。由此，可以在加热装置9的任意的角度位置中实现与所使用的电源的连接，这改善了使用者的操作舒适性。
e)评估-控制电路53(图9)可以设计用于调节对于加热线圈15的能量输送，其中输送给加热线圈15的电能根据加热线圈15的时间T(或电阻R)的预定的时间进程来调节。换句话说，不仅仅提出在达到预定温度时结束加热线圈15的加热，还提出在一个预定的时间进程中进行加热的过程。由此蓄电池51的容量的使用可以被最优化。
参考标识
9  加热装置
11 中央接触柱
13 内管
15 加热线圈
17 外管
21 接触座
23 加热线圈的前端的连接端
25 环形接触件
27 绝缘套管
31 加热线圈的后侧的连接端
33 中央接触柱的后侧的端部
35 固定块
41 连接套管
43 有效物质存储器
45 流通通道
51 蓄电池
53 评估-及控制电路
55 连接触点
57 连接触点
61 气缝
R  电阻
T  温度

Claims (10)

1.一种用于吸入有效物质的移动式吸入设备，其具有加热装置(9)和连接套管(41)，所述连接套管在圆周上包围所述加热装置(9)并且在一个端部上与能够被空气穿流的有效物质存储器(43)连接，其中在所述连接套管(41)和所述加热装置(9)之间形成至少一个流通通道(45)，其中所述加热装置(9)具有设计为加热线圈的加热丝(15)，所述加热丝具有两个用于输送电能的连接端(23、31)，其中所述加热装置(9)具有用于加热空气的热量储存器，空气沿着所述热量储存器流动，其中所述热量储存器通过所述加热丝来加热，其中所述加热丝(15)具有至少0.001K-1的温度系数，其中所述热量储存器的外部部件(17)设置在所述加热线圈的外部，并且所述热量储存器的内部部件(13)设置在所述加热线圈的内部，其中由使用者通过至少一个所述流通通道(45)抽吸的空气沿着所述热量储存器的外部部件(17)的整个长度流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
加热丝(15)具有大约0.003K-1的温度系数。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸入设备，其特征在于，所述加热丝(15)由镍-铁合金构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
所述热量储存器的至少所述外部部件(17)被设计为空心圆柱体；
所述加热丝(15)沿着设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的纵向轴线延伸，其中所述加热丝(15)的第一连接端(23)设置在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的第一端部上或临近其设置，并且所述加热丝(15)的第二连接端(31)设置在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的第二端部上或临近其设置；并且，
加热装置还具有中央接触柱(11)，其设置在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的内部，并且所述中央接触柱(11)的第一端部(21)设置在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的第一端部上或临近其设置，并且所述中央接触柱(11)的第二端部(33)设置在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的第二端部上或临近其设置，其中所述中央接触柱(11)的第二端部(33)与所述加热丝(15)的第二连接端(31)电连接并且固定在设计成空心圆柱体的所述外部部件(17)的内侧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
所述加热丝(15)的第一连接端(23)具有环形接触件，所述环形接触件与所述中央接触柱(11)同轴且包围所述中央接触柱的一个端部(21)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
所述热量储存器的外部部件(17)和内部部件(13)都分别设计为空心圆柱体的并且相互同轴地设置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
所述加热丝(15)抵靠到所述热量储存器的内部部件(13)的外侧；并且，
在所述加热丝(15)和所述热量储存器的外部部件(17)的内侧至少部分地设置有气缝(61)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
一个或多个所述热量储存器由陶瓷制成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
电源(51)，所述电源连接到所述加热丝(15)；以及评估-控制电路(53)，通过所述评估-控制电路能够检测出所述加热丝(15)的电阻(R)并根据检测出的所述电阻来调节输送给所述加热丝的电能。
10.根据权利要求1所述的吸入设备，
其特征在于，
所述吸入设备具有有效物质存储器(43)，其中所述有效物质存储器(43)这样临近于所述加热装置(9)的热量储存器设置，即沿着所述热量储存器流动的并在此加热的空气沿着所述有效物质存储器引导，从而吸收处于所述有效物质存储器中的有效物质。
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US8191555B2 (en) 2012-06-05
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