CN100573150C - A kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material - Google Patents
A kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material Download PDFInfo
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- CN100573150C CN100573150C CNB2006100431648A CN200610043164A CN100573150C CN 100573150 C CN100573150 C CN 100573150C CN B2006100431648 A CNB2006100431648 A CN B2006100431648A CN 200610043164 A CN200610043164 A CN 200610043164A CN 100573150 C CN100573150 C CN 100573150C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material, by the environment temperature control box, freeze disconnected testing machine, the measurement control system is formed, in the temperature-fall period of determining, measure the distance between two fixed points on the test specimen with high accuracy displacement sensor, import the basis displacement amount that displacement measurement system is measured in advance simultaneously on the benchmark test specimen, through MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING, control test specimen drawing mechanism, test specimen is retracted original length, so constantly observing and controlling, make test specimen remain " null displacement control " state, thereby got rid of the temperature deflation error and the elastic deformation error of test specimen grasping system and measuring system, thereby obtain test specimen under the effect of pure temperature stress factor " freezing disconnected critical temperature ".This testing equipment has been prepared three kinds of repacking parts, can finish " relaxing ", and " creep " test also can be carried out " cryogenic tensile ", and " linear expansion coefficient mensuration " pilot project also can be used for the test of Cement Concrete, polymer composite.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the building materials technical field of measurement and test, relate to a kind of low-temperature anticracking performance testing method of building materials, particularly a kind of low-temperature anticracking performance testing method of asphalt material the invention still further relates to the equipment of realizing this method of testing.
Background technology
In building material technical field, the cold cracking of polymer composite, Cement Concrete material, bitumen concrete panel, bituminous pavement is a buildings common damage form.Before the present invention, owing to lack correct method and the relevant device of measuring the material at low temperature Cracking Temperature, generally all adopt mediate inference methods such as low-temperature ductility test, cryogenic tensile test to substitute, these methods are most of freezes disconnected temperature method for non-direct mensuration, the crack resistance at low-temperature of comparative material qualitatively, thereby can not judge correctly that can selected material do not split under lowest temperature condition.Often owing to this blindness has influence on selecting for use of bitumen concrete panel scheme when building Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, also often because this blindness causes some northern bituminous pavement generation low temperature cracks.The difficult point of freezing disconnected method of testing and relevant device design is, the testing equipment of test specimen temperature-fall period and clamping test pieces, even very big rigidity is arranged, its rigid frame and connector also descend along with temperature inevitably and shrink, and increase with its elastic deformation of increase of temperature stress, the elastic deformation of coupling part particularly, these two distortion are insignificant anything but errors for the disconnected temperature of freezing of the low temperature shrinkage cracking of measuring test specimen.Freeze in the process of disconnected testing equipment in development, had the lesson of many failures.The disconnected testing machine that freezes that adopts the indium steel frame is abroad arranged, because it can't eliminate the especially error that causes of the elastic deformation of connector of elastic deformation, in theory also approximate value just is so its test findings can only be approximate and error range is difficult to estimation.Domestic also have adopt valuable little linear expansion coefficient material to make rigid frame to freeze disconnected test, its effect is not satisfied.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the objective of the invention is to, change to adopt the mediate inference methods of estimation such as low-temperature ductility test, tension test can only qualitative open defect that can not be quantitative, provide a kind of and can accurately measure the crack resistance at low-temperature temperature, obtain correct temperature-stress curve and cold cracking temperature accurately, eliminate the method for testing of the crack resistance at low-temperature of the temperature deformation of clamping test pieces framework and elastic deformation, and the special low temperature cracking resistance testing apparatus of this method of enforcement is provided.
In order to reach accurate test architecture material, the cold cracking temperature purpose as polymer composite, Cement Concrete material, especially asphalt material the invention provides a kind of building materials low-temperature anticracking performance testing method, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: a device with rigid frame is set, and test specimen is placed in wherein, and in the standard length on test specimen high precision measuring system is set; Described high precision measuring system is meant the measuring system that is made of displacement transducer and hold assembly, and its measuring accuracy is at micron order;
Step 2: calibrate the displacement datum curve in temperature-fall period in the measuring system with the benchmark test specimen, as the temperature compensation of process of the test; Described benchmark test specimen is by making less than the material of two order of magnitude linear expansion coefficients of test specimen material; Described temperature compensation is meant that the benchmark test specimen is being caused by temperature under the situation that length variations goes to zero, " reference temperature-displacement curve " that the numerical value that displacement transducer collected forms;
Step 3:, constantly measure the variable of test specimen point-to-point transmission length by described high precision measuring system with demarcation benchmark test specimen equivalent environment and identical temperature-fall period;
Step 4: with the above-mentioned test specimen point-to-point transmission length variable input Control System of Microcomputer that records, send the servo drawing mechanism of instruction control through computing, constantly test specimen is withdrawn into original length, in time eliminate the error that temperature action produces of originally experiencing of displacement transducer and its hold assembly in the pilot system in temperature-fall period, guarantee that test specimen is under real original length permanence condition, temperature stress constantly increases the critical temperature that records when fracture, this critical temperature is the cold cracking temperature, and obtains temperature-stress path curve.
Realize the testing apparatus of the low-temperature anticracking performance testing method of above-mentioned building materials, by the environment temperature control box, freeze disconnected testing machine, measure control system and form; Freezing disconnected testing machine places in the environment temperature control box; The described testing machine that breaks that freezes comprises transmission case, stand on the transmission case rigid frame is arranged, there is the upper grip that can slide on the side rails framework upper end in framework, upper grip and force transducer and top are adjusted screw mandrel and are fused, there is the lower chuck that can slide on the side rails framework lower end in framework, the leading screw of described lower chuck and drawing mechanism fuses; The nut of drawing mechanism screw pair and transmission case afterbody gear are one, the both sides of transmission case upper frame also are provided with the first servo deceleration motor and the second servo deceleration motor, and the first servo deceleration motor and the second servo deceleration motor pass through the gearing mesh in change gear and the transmission case respectively; Measure control system and comprise high-precision displacement transducer and the displacement transducer anchor clamps that are fixed on the test specimen both sides in pairs; The signal of temperature sensor, force transducer, displacement transducer is all imported Control System of Microcomputer, and, also control temperature-fall period and " null displacement control " through the numerical operation output signal of corresponding program by Control System of Microcomputer temperature-controlled cabinet and the servomotor control power supply that controls environment.
Characteristics of the present invention also are:
The reduction gear ratio of the first servo deceleration motor is 800--2000, is used for satisfying the requirement of stretching at a slow speed of freezing disconnected process of the test " null displacement control "; The reduction gear ratio of the second servo deceleration motor is 40--100, is used to adjust initial position.
Displacement transducer and displacement transducer anchor clamps adopt little linear expansion coefficient material quartz or indium steel to make.
The relaxation test parts of repacked into the asphalt material cold performance test that testing apparatus of the present invention is furnished with, creep test parts and corresponding supporting TT﹠C software, shared environment temperature control system and microcomputer control system are finished the test of multiple function.
It is a kind of through calibration freezing disconnected testing machine in the crack resistance at low-temperature testing apparatus of the present invention, the less linear expansion coefficient material of the employing of Shi Yonging framework under given conditions, making compression leg with big linear expansion coefficient material is fixed in the framework, form temperature and shrink the structure that to cancel out each other, at specific material for test, specific sample dimensions, the temperature course of determining compares the calibration test with above-mentioned crack resistance at low-temperature testing apparatus down, on the basis of the analysis of experiments of system, selected structural parameters, make it under these specified conditions, have the equivalent function of " null displacement control ", can adopt less environmental cabinet, measurement system and the unpowered framework simplified are because the low engineering test chamber detecting instrument that can be used as of cost.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has following advantage:
1. testing equipment of the present invention and test method, " null displacement control " technology, got rid of the error that pilot system (framework, connection and measuring system) Yin Wendu shrinks and elastic deformation causes, can directly measure the disconnected temperature of freezing of building materials, for judging pitch face dam crack resistance at low-temperature, provide the research technique of science.And existing technology adopts the cryogenic tensile test, and the way that the low temperature ductility is measured can only compare qualitatively.Adopt the disconnected testing machine that freezes of indium steel rigid frame, the achievement that can only obtain being similar to, and error is difficult to estimation.
2. the equipment that adopts of the present invention, the condition that can adapt to abominable environmental chamber at low temperature, " null displacement control " precision reaches micron order, but control system servomotor stepless speed regulation, its reduction gear ratio reaches more than 7000, adopted " quartzy benchmark " to measure compensation technique, realized microcomputer measuring and controlling, controlled temperature-fall period and " null displacement control " automatically.
3. a tractor serves several purposes of the present invention except that major function " freezing disconnected test ", as long as be equipped with corresponding accessory, also can be finished multifunction tests such as cryogenic tensile, bending, compression, lax, creep, linear expansion coefficient mensuration.
4. the present invention also provides the full offset-type of compound substance that derives to freeze disconnected test framework except supplying research work with freezing the disconnected testing equipment.Can be used as the engineering detecting instrument through calibration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the structural representation of building materials crack resistance at low-temperature testing apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the embodiment of method of testing of the present invention and equipment is described further.
Referring to Fig. 1: in environment temperature control box 15, square column type test specimen 6 is fixed on the upper grip 4 and lower chuck 8 that freezes two ends in the disconnected testing machine rigid frame 1, one end has adjusts leading screw and the force transducer 2 of eliminating the gap, the drawing mechanism of the other end for being dragged through especially big reduction gear ratio kinematic train by the first servo deceleration motor 10, draw speed is stepless adjustable.Test specimen 6 both sides are fixed with high precision (resolution＜0.001mm, a pair of displacement transducer 5 of the linearity＜0.002mm and with the sensor anchor clamps 7 of little linear expansion coefficient material.Need to go up " temperature--the displacement curve " of measuring temperature-fall period at " benchmark test specimen " before this cover sensing system uses, claim that it is " datum curve " of displacement examining system, " datum curve " is cured as special software and uses for microcomputer." benchmark test specimen " adopts the material of (quartz or indium steel) linear expansion coefficient less than one of percentage measured material.Freeze disconnected testing machine and comprise transmission case 12, rigid frame 1 is fixed on transmission case 12 tops, the upper grip 4 of test specimen 6 is made of one with force transducer 2 and adjustment leading screw, lower chuck 8 all can slide on the guide rail 3 of framework inboard, lower chuck 8 fuses with the screw mandrel 11 of drawing mechanism, on the transmission case 12, and the both sides of framework 1, the first servo deceleration motor 10 and 9, two servo deceleration motors of the second servo deceleration motor are installed to be docked with gear in the transmission case 12 through change gear 14 respectively.Wherein the reduction gear ratio of the first servo deceleration motor 10 is very big, can satisfy the low speed requirement of freezing disconnected test " null displacement control ", may be selected to be 800～2000,9 in the second servo deceleration motor adopts less reduction gear ratio, be used for adjusting initial position, may be selected to be 40～100, gear shift is finished with separating by two engagements that are installed in the change gear 14 on the same rocking bar 13, interlocking between the change gear 14.The signal of temperature sensor 18, force transducer 2, displacement transducer 5 is all imported Control System of Microcomputer 16, and, also control temperature-fall period and " null displacement control " through the numerical operation output signal of corresponding program by Control System of Microcomputer 16 temperature-controlled cabinet 15 and the servomotor control power supply 17 that controls environment.
In order to improve the testing equipment utilization factor, fully excavate the potentiality of environment temperature control box and these expensive device of microcomputer control system, be developed to asphalt material multifunctional low-temperature testing equipment, under the prerequisite of shared aforementioned device, be provided with 3 kinds of field replaceable units of multifunction test project, they are:
1. relaxation test loading mechanism.Adopt the pinion and-rack cylinder,, on test specimen, add a tensile strain fast, keep strain and minute one stress path line by worm drive.The acquisition software of relaxation test special use is set in microcomputer control system, and the control pneumatic system is gathered stress, strain, temperature, time parameter.
2. the lever counterweight loading system of tensile test, be provided with lever automatically control (magnetic switch, or the optoelectronic switch) system that resets, control stretching mechanism makes lever remain on horizontal level, at microcomputer control system the creep test special software is set, gathers stress, strain temperature, time parameter.
The course of work of method of testing of the present invention and testing apparatus is as follows:
1. test specimen is prepared, and measured material is heated to 150 ℃ ± 10 ℃, is shaped to the test block of plate shape with compacting process in die trial, and 40 * 40 * 220 hexahedron test specimen 6 is cut into cutting machine in the cooling back, and test specimen 6 two ends use seccotine and upper grip 4 and lower chuck 8 bonding;
2. actual measurement sample dimensions, density, numbering.Be adhesively fixed in test specimen 6 relative two sides displacement transducer 5 and displacement transducer anchor clamps 6 are adjusted the initial reading of displacement transducer 5;
3. test specimen 6 is packed into and freeze in the environment temperature control box 15 on the rigid frame 1 of disconnected testing machine, regulate the second servo deceleration motor 9, adjust initial stress;
4. shut environment temperature control box 15, start Control System of Microcomputer 16, access and freezing disconnected test measurement and control program and test by the cooling rate of setting and " null displacement control ", the error amount of monitor stress, temperature and null displacement control, be reduced to 0 up to the stress that increases gradually suddenly, test is finished, and prints stress--temperature curve.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of equipment of test architecture material at low temperature cracking resistance, by environment temperature control box (15), freeze disconnected testing machine and measure control system and form, freezing disconnected testing machine places in the environment temperature control box (15), freeze disconnected testing machine and comprise transmission case (12), transmission case (12) is gone up the upright framework (1) that has, be provided with upper grip (4) in the framework (1), upper grip (4) is adjusted screw mandrel with force transducer (2) and top and is fused, framework (1) lower end is provided with lower chuck, lower chuck (8) fuses with the leading screw (11) of drawing mechanism, the nut of drawing mechanism screw pair and transmission case (12) afterbody gear is an one, measure control system and comprise high-precision displacement transducer (5) and the displacement transducer anchor clamps (6) that are fixed on test specimen (7) both sides in pairs, temperature sensor (18), the signal of force transducer (2) and displacement transducer (5) is all imported Control System of Microcomputer (16), and by Control System of Microcomputer (16) temperature-controlled cabinet (15) that controls environment, the numerical operation output signal of process corresponding program is also controlled temperature-fall period and the test specimen point-to-point transmission length variable that records is imported Control System of Microcomputer, send the servo drawing mechanism of instruction control through computing, constantly test specimen is withdrawn into original length, in time eliminate the error that temperature action produces of originally experiencing of displacement transducer (5) and its hold assembly in the pilot system in temperature-fall period, guarantee that test specimen keeps real original length, get rid of the error that pilot system Yin Wendu shrinks and elastic deformation causes, directly measure the disconnected temperature of freezing of building materials, it is characterized in that, described framework (1) is a rigid frame, the inboard of framework (1) two side is respectively arranged with interior side rails (3), upper grip (4) and lower chuck (8) can slide along interior side rails (3), described transmission case (12) top, the both sides of framework (1) also are provided with the first servo deceleration motor (10) and the second servo deceleration motor (9), the first servo deceleration motor (10) and the second servo deceleration motor (9) pass through change gear (14) and the interior gearing mesh of transmission case (12) respectively, and Control System of Microcomputer (16) is also controlled the power supply (17) of the first servo deceleration motor (10) and the second servo deceleration motor (9).
2, crack resistance at low-temperature testing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the reduction gear ratio of the first servo deceleration motor (10) is 800--2000, be used for satisfying the requirement of stretching at a slow speed of freezing disconnected process of the test " error that eliminating pilot system Yin Wendu shrinks and elastic deformation causes is directly measured the disconnected temperature of freezing of building materials "; The reduction gear ratio of the second servo deceleration motor (9) is 40--100, is used to adjust initial position.
3, crack resistance at low-temperature testing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: displacement transducer (5) and displacement transducer anchor clamps (6) adopt little linear expansion coefficient material quartz or indium steel to make.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100431648A CN100573150C (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | A kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100431648A CN100573150C (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | A kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1888899A CN1888899A (en) | 2007-01-03 |
| CN100573150C true CN100573150C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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| CNB2006100431648A Expired - Fee Related CN100573150C (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | A kind of equipment of crack resistance at low-temperature of test architecture material |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101393195B (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2011-12-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-temperature breaking test device by freezing for bituminous mixture |
| CN101430320B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2012-06-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Test piece centering device |
| CN102108716B (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-08-22 | 长春工程学院 | Instrument for determining freezing-pulling force of pile |
| CN105973717B (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2018-10-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of comprehensive low temperature performance of asphalt detection device |
| CN106872139B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-04-02 | 重庆大学 | Six COMPONENT BALANCE of ultralow temperature calibrates the position and posture detection method in reseting procedure |
| CN109406296B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Simple device for radially testing low-temperature performance of asphalt mixture |
| CN109520873B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2024-01-26 | 南京工程学院 | Slow stretching compression device based on chain gear reduction |
| CN109724866A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-07 | 滁州市交通工程试验检测有限公司 | A kind of bituminous pavement pitch high temperature resistance detection device and its detection method |
| CN110082089B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2024-05-03 | 天津钢管制造有限公司 | Zero displacement measuring device and measuring and controlling method under sleeve string circulation elastoplastic thermal stress |
| CN112710818A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-27 | 中冶路桥建设有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating low-temperature performance of asphalt pavement crack repairing material |
-
2006
- 2006-07-14 CN CNB2006100431648A patent/CN100573150C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 沥青混凝土低温冻断试验. 陈敬文.石油沥青，第1期. 1991 |
| 沥青混凝土低温冻断试验. 陈敬文.石油沥青，第1期. 1991 * |
| 沥青混凝土低温性能试验和工程应用. 余梁蜀，许庆余，王文进，吴利言.水利学报，第37卷第5期. 2006 |
| 沥青混凝土低温性能试验和工程应用. 余梁蜀，许庆余，王文进，吴利言.水利学报，第37卷第5期. 2006 * |
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| CN1888899A (en) | 2007-01-03 |
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