CN102798575B - Large-scale multifunctional frozen soil-composition contact surface cycle direct shear apparatus and test operation method - Google Patents
Large-scale multifunctional frozen soil-composition contact surface cycle direct shear apparatus and test operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102798575B CN102798575B CN201210265653.3A CN201210265653A CN102798575B CN 102798575 B CN102798575 B CN 102798575B CN 201210265653 A CN201210265653 A CN 201210265653A CN 102798575 B CN102798575 B CN 102798575B
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Abstract
The invention is a large multifunctional frozen soil-structure interface cyclic direct shear apparatus and a test operation method. The structure of the apparatus comprises a horizontal and vertical loading system, a horizontal and vertical displacement and a load sensor, a temperature control and refrigeration system, a temperature sensor, a data collecting and self-stabilizing system, a guide rail system, and a soil sample box and supports. The test operation method comprises the steps of: 1. Installing the interface steel of required roughness; 2. Applying normal boundary conditions to a soil sample; 3. Cooling the soil sample; and 4. When the temperature cools to a target temperature, performing a shearing to the frozen soil interface in a selected shearing speed, at the same time the date collecting system beginning to record the stress-strain relation of the frozen soil interface. The apparatus and the method are the advantageous in that: 1) accurate control of the interface temperature in the temperature range between 0 DEG C and -20 DGE C can be achieved; 2) three normal boundary conditions of constant stiffness, constant displacement and constant stress can be accurately applied; 3) interfaces of various roughness can be simulated; 4) two shear modes of cyclic shear and monotonic shear can be realized; and 5) the stress applying and displacement control are accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus and experimental working technique thereof using in frozen soil-structure contact face mechanical behavioral study, belongs to the low temperature surface of contact clipper equipment in Geotechnical Engineering indoor model test.
Background technology
Mostly current shearing equipment is for the various mechanical property development and applications of normal temperature soil, and has no report for the large-sized multifunction low-temperature circulating direct shear apparatus of studying frozen soil and structure interface mechanical behavior.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention proposed is a kind of direct shear apparatus for frozen soil-structure and experimental working technique thereof, its object is intended to further further investigate mechanical characteristic and the influence factor of frozen soil-structure surface of contact and contact bed, set up practical frozen soil-structure interface constitutive model and appraisal procedure, inquire into the fundamental strength index of frozen soil-structure contact face mechanical property and the Changing Pattern under each factor.
Technical solution of the present invention: it is characterized in that the output shaft of servomotor and reductor join, lifter is positioned at the bottom of servomotor, for regulating the vertical position of servomotor, lifter right side connects pull pressure sensor and power transmission rod successively, wherein the right side of power transmission rod is bolted sample box, handwheel bottom connects LOAD CELLS, and LOAD CELLS is connected with structural panel by chest-developing bar; Rolling diaphragm cylinder top is fixed on main support top, rolling diaphragm cylinder bottom is connected with normal direction load transducer, normal direction load transducer bottom connects upper flange, upper flange the right and left is respectively equipped with A traversing carriage, A traversing carriage can be realized and sliding up and down in perpendicular guide rail, upper flange bottom is the device that regulates surface of contact normal direction border, and regulating the below of the device on surface of contact normal direction border is structural panel.
Its experimental working technique, comprises as processing step:
One, configuration manipulated soil is dried soil sample 8 hours at 105～110 DEG C of temperature, after oven dry, soil sample is ground to loose and sieves by 0.5mm, by the water percentage configuration manipulated soil of former soil sample, packs in polybag and infiltrate 24 hours as manipulated soil after fully stirring evenly.The water percentage of manipulated soil and the error of former Water Content Tests in Soil Samples must be controlled at ± 1% in; Manipulated soil is divided in 3 layers of rectangular parallelepiped mould of inserting volume 200 × 100 × 75mm, and by the equating of both mold ends face, measure manipulated soil density, manipulated soil and former be controlled at ± 0.01g/cm of soil sample density error
3in;
Two, the remolding soil specimens preparing is put into cryostat, the subzero temperature condition thermostatic curing of planning by test 4 hours;
Three, the good soil sample of maintenance is put into copper soil sample box, and by whole specimen surface equating; By the steel plate of the required roughness of test, with the built-in structural panel bottom that is bolted to, and with wet cloth wiping uneven surface, startup cylinder is applied on structural panel testing predetermined normal direction boundary condition; Start refrigerating plant " bath of low temperature (constant temperature) stirring reaction ", refrigerating fluid starts to flow soil sample is implemented to cooling in the refrigeration hole of sample box high speed, temperature sensors of high precision real time record soil sample temperature synchronous feedback are to temperature Self homeostasis adjustment system, when soil sample temperature drops to the numerical value of setting, temperature proceeds to insulation pattern from steady system;
Four, when surface of contact temperature reach target temperature and stable after, and long-term (30min) amplitude of fluctuation be less than ± 0.3 DEG C time, start the shear rate that horizontal shear system is set according to test, carry out dullness or circulation shear test; The frequency acquisition of temperature, pressure, displacement data is adjusted to 10 times/s; When dull shearing, when stress reaches after peak value, 1) continue to shear until stress stability 2) increase again by 2% displacement strain value, stop test; Obtain shear stress by the pressure collecting, the variable quantity of displacement
with shear displacemant
's
curve; When circulation shear, shear rate is adjusted to 0.1mm/s(because shearing amplitude is 20mm, therefore a shearing cycle is 400s), back and forth shear until test set point number, data acquisition system (DAS) Real-time Collection contact stress strain stress relation in this process;
Five, after horizontal shear finishes, close horizontal loading system and vertical loading system, lift structure panel, take off sample, record the situation after sample surface of contact destroys, and layering mensuration Water Content Tests in Soil Samples, obtain water translocation situation and damage of soil body situation (the especially thickness of contact zones) on soil sample top layer water percentage and depth direction.
Advantage of the present invention: can realize the accurate control to contact surface temperature within the scope of 0～-20 DEG C; Can accurately apply Chang Gangdu, Chang Weiyi and normal three kinds of normal direction boundary conditions of stress; Can simulate the surface of contact of various surface roughness; Can realize circulation shear and two kinds of shear patterns of dull shearing; Stress apply and displacement control accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus.
Accompanying drawing 2 is side views of Fig. 1.
In figure 1 is A traversing carriage; The 2nd, upper flange; The 3rd, servomotor; The 4th, reductor; The 5th, perpendicular guide rail; The 6th, power transmission rod; The 7th, pull pressure sensor; The 8th, lifter; The 9th, handwheel; The 10th, LOAD CELLS; The 11st, rolling diaphragm cylinder; The 12nd, normal direction load transducer; The 13rd, Normal Displacement sensor; The 14th, spring; The 15th, B traversing carriage; The 16th, breast boards; The 17th, structural panel; The 18th, sample box; The 19th, heat-insulation layer; The 20th, temperature sensor; The 21st, refrigeration hole; The 22nd, horizontal guide rail; The 23rd, horizontal displacement sensors; The 24th, frame.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing 1,2, its structure is that output shaft and the reductor 4 of servomotor 3 joins, lifter 8 is positioned at the bottom of servomotor 3, for regulating the vertical position of servomotor 3, lifter 8 right sides connect pull pressure sensor 7 and power transmission rod 6 successively, wherein the right side of power transmission rod 6 is bolted sample box 18, and the right side of sample box 18 arranges horizontal displacement sensors 23, four sides of sample box 18 and bottom surface by heat-insulation layer 19 closely around, the refrigeration hole 21 that is distributing and be interconnected in the sidewall of sample box 18 and bottom surface, in sample box, be provided with temperature sensor 20 simultaneously, the roller that sample box utilizes its underpart is realized side-to-side movement horizontal guide rail 22 is interior, is provided with breast boards 16 on the top, left and right side of sample box 18, handwheel 9 bottoms connect LOAD CELLS 10, and LOAD CELLS is connected with structural panel 17 by chest-developing bar, rolling diaphragm cylinder 11 tops are fixed on support, rolling diaphragm cylinder 11 bottoms are connected with normal direction load transducer 12, normal direction load transducer bottom connects upper flange 2, upper flange the right and left is respectively equipped with traversing carriage A, traversing carriage A can realize and sliding up and down in perpendicular guide rail 5, upper flange bottom is the device (comprising the spring 14 that regulates surface of contact normal stiffness condition) that regulates surface of contact normal direction border, down structural panel 17 again, structural panel is provided with Normal Displacement sensor 13, structural panel left and right is connected with traversing carriage B 15, traversing carriage B also can realize and sliding up and down in perpendicular guide rail 5, large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus is placed on frame 24.
Large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus experimental working technique, comprises following operating procedure step:
One, configuration manipulated soil is dried soil sample 8 hours at 105～110 DEG C of temperature, after oven dry, soil sample is ground to loose and sieves by 0.5mm, by the water percentage configuration manipulated soil of former soil sample, packs in polybag and infiltrate 24 hours as manipulated soil after fully stirring evenly.The water percentage of manipulated soil and the error of former Water Content Tests in Soil Samples must be controlled at ± 1% in; Manipulated soil is divided in 3 layers of rectangular parallelepiped mould of inserting volume 200 × 100 × 75mm, and by the equating of both mold ends face, measure manipulated soil density, manipulated soil and former be controlled at ± 0.01g/cm of soil sample density error
3in;
Two, the remolding soil specimens preparing is put into cryostat, the subzero temperature condition thermostatic curing of planning by test 4 hours;
Three, the good soil sample of maintenance is put into copper soil sample box, and by whole specimen surface equating; By the steel plate of the required roughness of test, with the built-in structural panel bottom that is bolted to, and with wet cloth wiping uneven surface, startup cylinder is applied on structural panel testing predetermined normal direction boundary condition; Start refrigerating plant " bath of low temperature (constant temperature) stirring reaction ", refrigerating fluid starts to flow soil sample is implemented to cooling in the refrigeration hole of sample box high speed, temperature sensors of high precision real time record soil sample temperature synchronous feedback are to temperature Self homeostasis adjustment system, when soil sample temperature drops to the numerical value of setting, temperature proceeds to insulation pattern from steady system;
Four, when surface of contact temperature reach target temperature and stable after, and long-term (30min) amplitude of fluctuation be less than ± 0.3 DEG C time, start the shear rate that horizontal shear system is set according to test, carry out dullness or circulation shear test; The frequency acquisition of temperature, pressure, displacement data is adjusted to 10 times/s; When dull shearing, when stress reaches after peak value, 1) continue to shear until stress stability 2) increase again by 2% displacement strain value, stop test; Obtain shear stress by the pressure collecting, the variable quantity of displacement
with shear displacemant
's
curve; When circulation shear, shear rate is adjusted to 0.1mm/s(because shearing amplitude is 20mm, therefore a shearing cycle is 400s), back and forth shear until test set point number, data acquisition system (DAS) Real-time Collection contact stress strain stress relation in this process;
Five, after horizontal shear finishes, close horizontal loading system and vertical loading system, lift structure panel, take off sample, record the situation after sample surface of contact destroys, and layering mensuration Water Content Tests in Soil Samples, obtain water translocation situation and damage of soil body situation (the especially thickness of contact zones) on soil sample top layer water percentage and depth direction.
Embodiment
1) instrument physical dimension: stent size: long 2000 × high by 700 × wide 800mm, instrument physical dimension: long 1500 × high by 900 × wide 500mm.
2) horizontal reciprocating is sheared and is completed by servomotor 3, worm-gear speed reducer 4, pull pressure sensor 7, power transmission rod 6, horizontal displacement sensors 23 and lifter 8.Horizontal reciprocating is sheared driving source and is realized by servomotor (power 1.1kW), for the shear rate of guaranteeing that test is set, between servomotor and native box connecting rod, be provided with reductor (reduction gear ratio is 1:15), pull pressure sensor is set between connecting rod and reductor to realize the real-time monitoring to horizontal shear load simultaneously, lifter (promotion speed ratio is 1:24) is arranged on servomotor bottom to realize the accurate control to position on servomotor vertical direction, and horizontal displacement sensors is arranged on soil sample box right side to realize the monitoring to native box horizontal shift.This module can realize the stepless change control to reciprocation cycle shear rate, shear rate range of control is 1-20mm/min, shearing amplitude is 20mm (shearing cycle 40mm for one), and shear rate error is ± 3%, and maximum horizontal shearing force is 100kN(5MPa).In conventional direct shear apparatus shear history, along with the increase gradually of shear displacemant, the contact area of sample and material block reduces gradually, and the pressure distribution in surface of contact can change, and causes measurement result to occur deviation; And in this boxshear apparatus, the size of superstructure panel is greater than the size of soil sample box, in the process of back and forth shearing at lower sample box, the contact area of itself and structural panel remains constant.
3) normal direction border value-added tax function is realized by corollary apparatus, normal load sensor 12, Normal Displacement sensor 13, rigidity control spring 14, the structural panel 17 that comprises coarse steel plate, handwheel 9 and LOAD CELLS 10 such as rolling diaphragm cylinder 11, source of the gas and gas pressure regulators.The vertical load that source of the gas and gas pressure regulator provide test to set by rolling diaphragm cylinder, normal load sensor setting is measured vertical load in real time in rolling diaphragm cylinder bottom, Normal Displacement sensor probe withstands on coarse steel plate top to detect the vertical displacement of coarse steel plate, rigidity control spring can provide different constant normal stiffnesses, and coarse steel plate can be simulated different coarse structural interfaces.This module can provide three kinds of normal direction boundary conditions and several uneven surfaces: first normal stress method is 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa or 400kPa to the stress on border, and control accuracy is ± 1%; There are 1mm, 2mm, 3mm or tetra-kinds of selections of 4mm in normal direction constant displacement border; Normal stiffness method has three to the rigidity on border: 800kg/cm (4 springs), and 1200kg/cm (6 springs), 1600kg/cm (8 springs), when test, the decrement of spring is 20mm; Surface of contact steel plate roughness Ra=0.3mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.5mm or 3mm.
4) temperature control is made up of copper soil sample box 18, the bath of low temperature (constant temperature) stirring reaction and refrigeration hole 21, overall perfusion formula polyurethane insulation coating 19 and temperature sensor 20.Copper soil sample box heat transfer property is good, and five face inside cooling duct that is 12mm by diameter around, pipe interior is full of refrigerating fluid; Copper soil sample box outer setting overall perfusion formula polyurethane insulation coating (thickness is 40mm) carrys out the constant of holding temperature with a large amount of forfeitures that prevent heat; Temperature sensor is measured the temperature of soil sample in real time.The test parameters of temperature control module is as follows: minimum control temperature-20 DEG C, and test temperature interval is 0 DEG C～-15 DEG C, and it is 0 DEG C ,-5 DEG C ,-10 DEG C ,-15 DEG C that test intended adopts temperature, and temperature control precision is ± 0.3 DEG C.
5) data acquisition and certainly steady function are completed by horizontal loading sensor 7, horizontal displacement sensors 23, vertical load sensor 12, vertical displacement sensor 13, temperature sensor 20, sense line, A/D converter, data processing software and computing machine; Its Main Function is that load, displacement and temperature data are carried out real time record and gather and synchronous feed back to related system to realize the constant of certain index.In experimental project, calculate function according to test parameters test figure and parameter are recorded and being adjusted voluntarily of setting.It is ± 1% that normal direction load transducer, horizontal loading sensor, horizontal loading sensor and temperature pass measuring accuracy; The precision of Normal Displacement sensor is ± 0.06%.
6) holder part is made up of external frame 24, horizontal guide rail 22, upright guide rail 5, lifting handwheel 9, upper flange 2, structural panel 17, breast boards 16 and Fang Qiao mechanism etc.Its Main Function is to keep the Stability Analysis of Structures of equipment set and move convenient accurate.Wherein vertical guide can guarantee that upper flange and structural panel can only move by the vertical direction, horizontal guide rail is guaranteed shear box side-to-side movement in the horizontal direction, Fang Qiao mechanism can eliminate in shear history and cause that by shearing moment soil sample box upwarps phenomenon, and its friction force is rolling friction, within dropping to negligible scope with regard to the friction that makes to be caused by Fang Qiao mechanism like this.The rigidity of breast boards in the vertical direction is very little, and rigidity is in the horizontal direction very big, so just can effectively prevent the side leakage phenomenon of soil sample in process of the test.
Test is found: in the time that refrigeration starts, loading at once normal stress and refrigeration, to start to reload after a period of time the surface of contact maximum shear stress that normal stress obtains widely different, the former is much larger than the latter, think by analysis, refrigeration loads at once normal stress while beginning and more tallies with the actual situation, simultaneously due in process of refrigerastion, soil sample surface frozen-heave factor is everywhere inconsistent, can make soil sample surface irregularity, for ensureing frozen soil and the effective contact area of structure interface.Therefore the final mode that loads at once normal stress while freezing beginning that adopts is tested.
The technical indicator of large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus
Specimen size: 100mm*200mm*75mm;
Maximum normal force: 20kN(1MPa); The precision of exerting oneself: ± 1%;
Normal direction range: 20mm;
Maximum horizontal shearing force: 100kN(5MPa);
Shear rate: 1-20mm/min, shears amplitude 20mm (shearing cycle 40mm for), cycle index 20 times, shear rate error error ± 3%;
Normal stiffness method has three to the rigidity on border: 800kg/cm (4 springs), 1200 kg/cm (6 springs), 1600kg/cm (8 springs).The stiffness factor of every spring is 200kg/cm, and when test, the decrement of spring is 20mm;
Normal Stress Control mode: can realize the constant normal stress of computer close-loop control, as normal stress 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa or 400kPa, control accuracy: ± 1%;
The control of normal direction constant displacement, as 1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 4mm;
Instrument physical dimension: the wide 500mm of the high 900mm* of long 1500mm*;
Temperature control system: minimum temperature-20 DEG C, test temperature interval is 0 DEG C～-15 DEG C, temperature control precision is ± 0.3 DEG C;
Surface of contact roughness R=0.3mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 3mm;
Can be to two Normal Displacement sensors, four normal direction load transducers, 6 temperature sensors, shear displacemant sensor, the data acquisition of shearing force load transducer, measuring accuracy ± 1%;
Stent size: the wide 800mm of the high 700mm* of long 2000mm*.
Horizontal reciprocating is sheared driving source and is realized by servomotor, for the shear rate of guaranteeing that test is set, between servomotor and native box connecting rod, be provided with reductor, pull pressure sensor is set between connecting rod and reductor to realize the real-time monitoring to horizontal shear load simultaneously, lifter is arranged on servomotor bottom to realize the accurate control to position on servomotor vertical direction, and horizontal displacement sensors is arranged on soil sample box right side to realize the monitoring to native box horizontal shift.The vertical load that source of the gas and gas pressure regulator provide test to set by rolling diaphragm cylinder, normal load sensor setting is measured vertical load in real time in rolling diaphragm cylinder bottom, Normal Displacement sensor probe withstands on coarse steel plate top to detect the vertical displacement of coarse steel plate, rigidity control spring can provide different constant normal stiffnesses, and coarse steel plate can be simulated different coarse structural interfaces.Copper soil sample box heat transfer property is good, and five face inside pipe ring that is 12mm by diameter around, pipe interior is full of refrigerating fluid; Copper soil sample box outer setting overall perfusion formula polyurethane insulation coating carrys out the constant of holding temperature with a large amount of forfeitures that prevent heat; Temperature sensor is measured the temperature of soil sample in real time.Cause that by shearing moment soil sample box upwarps phenomenon for eliminating in shear history, be provided with and prevent sticking up system, its friction force is rolling friction, within dropping to acceptable scope with regard to the friction that makes to be caused by Fang Qiao mechanism like this.Data acquistion and control system in process of the test to load, displacement and temperature data carry out real time record and gather and synchronous feedback to related system to realize the constant of certain index.
Claims (1)
1. large-sized multifunction frozen soil-structure interface circulation direct shear apparatus, the output shaft and the reductor that it is characterized in that servomotor join, lifter is positioned at the bottom of servomotor, for regulating the vertical position of servomotor, lifter right side connects pull pressure sensor and power transmission rod successively, wherein the right side of power transmission rod is bolted sample box, and handwheel bottom connects LOAD CELLS, and LOAD CELLS is connected with structural panel by chest-developing bar; Rolling diaphragm cylinder top is fixed on main support top, rolling diaphragm cylinder bottom is connected with normal direction load transducer, normal direction load transducer bottom connects upper flange, upper flange the right and left is respectively equipped with A traversing carriage, A traversing carriage can be realized and sliding up and down in perpendicular guide rail, upper flange bottom is the device that regulates surface of contact normal direction border, and regulating the below of surface of contact normal direction boundary means is structural panel; The right side of described sample box arranges horizontal displacement sensors; Four sides of sample box and bottom surface by heat-insulation layer closely around, the refrigeration hole that is distributing and be interconnected in the sidewall of sample box and bottom surface, in sample box, be provided with temperature sensor simultaneously, sample box utilizes the roller of its underpart in horizontal guide rail, to realize side-to-side movement, is provided with breast boards on the top, left and right side of sample box; Described upper flange bottom is the device that regulates surface of contact normal direction border, comprises the spring that regulates surface of contact normal stiffness condition; Described structural panel is provided with Normal Displacement sensor, and structural panel left and right is connected with B traversing carriage, and B traversing carriage is realized and being slided up and down in perpendicular guide rail.
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Application publication date: 20121128 Assignee: Jinan Ruipu Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2018320000244 Denomination of invention: Large-scale multifunctional frozen soil-composition contact surface cycle direct shear apparatus and test operation method Granted publication date: 20141015 License type: Common License Record date: 20181026 Application publication date: 20121128 Assignee: Nanjing Soil Instrument Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2018320000250 Denomination of invention: Large-scale multifunctional frozen soil-composition contact surface cycle direct shear apparatus and test operation method Granted publication date: 20141015 License type: Common License Record date: 20181026 Application publication date: 20121128 Assignee: Xuzhou Xian de Highway Test Instrument Trade Center Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2018320000248 Denomination of invention: Large-scale multifunctional frozen soil-composition contact surface cycle direct shear apparatus and test operation method Granted publication date: 20141015 License type: Common License Record date: 20181026 |
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