CN100570671C - Based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle - Google Patents
Based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN100570671C CN100570671C CN 200810056625 CN200810056625A CN100570671C CN 100570671 C CN100570671 C CN 100570671C CN 200810056625 CN200810056625 CN 200810056625 CN 200810056625 A CN200810056625 A CN 200810056625A CN 100570671 C CN100570671 C CN 100570671C
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Abstract
A kind of based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle, belong to the geomechanics model technical field.Making step is: determine hitting of particular model real merit compound action function and parameter thereof, adopt model to fill reverse control method analogue formation.According to hitting real merit compound action function, the virtual controlling unit dry weight of each layering of computation model and the side's of filling amount, in addition reverse control, the compacting scheme that adopts test to determine is carried out compacting, and the actual unit weight that finally is made into each layer all satisfies design model needs, the character homogeneous.Advantage is, by proposing " hitting real merit compound action function " and " virtual unit weight " control concept, a kind of geomechanics model method for making based on reverse control principle is provided, overcome existing geomechanics model compacting method for making owing to superpressure influences the deficiency of cast material mechanics parameter distortion, improved the modelling quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geomechanics model technical field, particularly provide a kind of based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle, the reverse control principle of the assurance material unit weight uniformity consistency during test model is made and realize this principle and the manufacturing technology that designs can be applicable in the various Geotechnical Engineering layer during similar model tests.
Technical background
Geomechanical model test is a kind of from theory of mechanics, according to certain principle of similitude, adopts the means of test to study the method for specific engineering geological condition to the influence of engineering.The difference of it and ordinary construction model test is, this test not only needs the simulant building thing, also need be in model the gravity and the tectonic structure of simulant building thing basement rock or country rock, comprise tomography, shatter belt, weak intercalated layer, joint and crack etc. in the rock mass, embody the rock mechanics feature of the non-homogeneous grade of rock mass as far as possible to, non-resilient and discontinuous, many crannied bodies; Satisfy under the prerequisite of similarity theory at physical dimension, boundary condition and the imposed load of model, the aspects such as unit weight, intensity and deformation characteristic of cast material simultaneously, model is tallied with the actual situation, thus the stable condition of research country rock or basement rock, deformation state and to the influence of buildings.
The manufacturing technology of model directly has influence on the success or failure of model test in the geomechanical model test.Fill legal system when making test model in employing,, must layering fill and be compacted to design unit weight because modelling can not be once finished in the restriction of hitting real plant capacity.Always Kong Zhi method is the thickness according to design unit weight and layering, calculate material usage, the material of working good is inserted later in the punching block of testing table, adopt then hit real equipment with material compaction to the requirement of satisfying unit weight requirement and other mechanics parameter (definite) by test in advance.This method is called " control of standard unit weight " or " wait and hold control " model production method.
Ignored a problem in this method for making, promptly lower floor has reached the cast material of compacting criteria, hits in the real process in upper layer of material and can be subjected to the effect that strength is hit on the upper strata, produces the superpressure phenomenon.After from bottom to top successively filling compacting, can cause the material unit weight of model integral body inhomogeneous, and the unit weight of subsurface material and intensity etc. tend to surpass the upper strata, cause experimental phenomena and result's distortion.
The Mu Da of this invention is to be exactly a kind of effective solution and the control measure that propose at this problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle, having overcome existing model production method influences the deficiency of cast material mechanics parameter distortion owing to superpressure, improve the modelling quality, the present invention proposes a kind of reverse control principle based on the assurance material unit weight uniformity consistency that hits real merit compound action function, reach the manufacturing technology that realizes this principle and design, can be applicable to the modelling of various Geotechnical Engineering layer during similar model tests.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
1, determines hitting of particular model real merit compound action function and parameter thereof
(1) determines that type, the weight of ramming device, the height that rises and falls (if buy ramming device, can check in from product description; Also can set up parameter on their own makes), real hitting of producing hit in calculating at every turn, and real merit--rammer weight multiply by each natural height of fall, unit K J.
(2) adopt the cast material of determining good proportioning (determining) to make test specimen, under 12%～14% water cut condition, determine the unit weight of cast material test specimen and hit the relation curve of real merit according to the similar guide of real material to cast material.(see figure 4)
(3) (bed thickness is generally 20cm～30cm to determine the placement in layers compacting bed thickness of model and the number of plies, the number of plies is 4～12, the number of plies is then relevant with the height of model, as the model height is 3m, then be 10～12 layers), calculate the real merit of hitting of this layer according to standard unit weight compacting requirement, and to the transmission influence coefficient of lower floor, transmit the influence coefficient scope in 0.0～1.0 scope, expression formula is A
h=1-exp (h
a)+ch, A
hHit real merit compound action transmission influence coefficient for this layer and the upper strata at degree of depth h place, be also referred to as and hit real merit compound action function; A is the constant relevant with material behavior, and c is the constant relevant with h, is determined by test.
Described standard unit weight compacting requirement is meant, makes the unit weight of cast material reach the compaction that design unit weight requires.
(4) determining that each layer fills hits compound action function (the formula A of real merit with change in depth after compacting finishes
h=1-exp (h
a)+ch);
2, model fills reverse control technology
(1) " virtual unit weight " control concept is proposed.Real merit compound action mechanism is hit in reverse application, according to " virtual unit weight " controlling value of hitting each layering of real merit compound action function calculation model, and the side's of filling amount.
Described " virtual unit weight " control concept is to control corresponding notion with " standard unit weight ".It is not the unit weight numerical value of final cast material, but the material unit weight controlling value before being subjected to hitting real merit compound action, it only is present in a certain period in the modelling process, and after modelling is finished, it will not exist.
(2) carry out filling and compacting of each layer from bottom to top, the virtual value of bulk density of each layer control has rule from low to high, as in embodiment model test 2, carries out compacting according to the scheme of compacting shown in the table 5, and (each layer standard unit weight is 1.930g/cm
3Situation under, by bottom to the virtual value of bulk density of top layer at 1.899～1.967g/cm
3Change in the scope; ), finally be made into each layer and all satisfy design model unit weight, the character homogeneous.If standard unit weight is below or above the numerical value in the embodiment model test 2, then also corresponding reduction of the scope of virtual value of bulk density or raising.
The invention has the advantages that: by proposing " hitting real merit compound action function " and " virtual unit weight " control concept, a kind of geomechanics model method for making based on reverse control principle is provided, overcome existing geomechanics model compacting method for making owing to superpressure influences the deficiency of cast material mechanics parameter distortion, improved the modelling quality.This principle based on the assurance material unit weight uniformity consistency that hits real merit compound action function, and realize that this principle designs " virtual unit weight " reverse control manufacturing technology, can be applicable to the modelling of various Geotechnical Engineering layer during similar model tests.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is model test 1 a cross-sectional dimension design drawing.
Fig. 2 is model test 2 cross-sectional dimension design drawings.
Fig. 3 is that dry density is with the change in depth matched curve.
Fig. 4 is real merit～unit dry weight curve for cast material hits.
Fig. 5 fills unit dry weight control curve for cast material.
Embodiment
(is example with two model tests)
1. model test 1
2. model test 2
In-situ test
ρ＝1.8884+0.0005h-0.0000007h
2 (1)
Definition
Be relative compression amount β (γ
0Be theory control unit weight) because model is that placement in layers forms, according to the curve fitting data, the relative compression amount that can obtain the layer that different depth fills is as follows: (compression represented in positive sign)
Table 1 matched curve different depth relative compression amount
With hitting real merit analysis conventional dam filling construction
Suppose to fill now the n layer model, because being compressed of below n+1 layer causes this layer actual (real) thickness to Duo S than the relative thickness of requirement in theory
1When filling the n-1 layer, it is S that this process gets relative compression amount to the n+1 layer
2Suppose the real geomechanics model that fills of branch 8 lamination, every layer filling-up thickness is h, and when then filling top layer, whole process is (S to the relative compression amount summation that bottom cast material produces
1+ S
2+ S
3+ ... + S
6+ S
7).Top layer then since its down every layer all produce compression, the relative compression amount value equals-(S
1+ S
2+ S
3+ ... + S
6+ S
7).According to the data of relative compression amount in the table 1, prediction S
1～S
6Value, the process that the tentative calculation model fills.The variation tabulation of each layer dry density in the process of filling is as shown in table 2.Predicted data and measured data are compared, and the numerical value of predicted data point and variation tendency and eyeball basically identical illustrate the truth that the hypothesis basic symbols matched moulds type of this relative compression fills.Below according to the real merit of hitting of this cast material～unit dry weight variation relation, fill process according to the appearance method of filling such as top, unit dry weight with to hit real merit corresponding, tried to achieve each layer and filled the used real merit of hitting, and the control of appearances such as analysis fills that method process clock hits the variation of real merit and to the influence of unit dry weight.
Table 27 layer models fill process different depth unit dry weight change list (g/cm
3)
Based on the unit dry weight controlling schemes design of hitting real merit action function
According to shown in the table 2 etc. appearance control ram and build the real merit of hitting of method placement in layers process and cast material～unit dry weight curve, set up and fill the real merit accumulated change of hitting of process, as shown in table 3 below.Left data is the real merit of hitting that the material layer of certain degree of depth correspondence is accumulated in the model when filling certain one deck in the table; Right data be when filling certain layer downwards Model Transfer hit real merit.
Appearances such as the table 3 control process of filling is hit real merit statistical form (kJ/m
3)
What research filled whenever that layer of material consumes again hits real merit to its transmission of each layer down, and the real merit of transmitting downwards of hitting is decomposed by layer, is successively divided by table 3 to solve following table 4.The 3rd row for example, expression pass to the real merit of hitting of the 1st layer and the second layer when filling the 3rd layer.By the variation of hitting real merit that passes to down ground floor for sleeping in, all actual unit dry weights that filled layer are constantly to change in the process of filling, and transmit to hit real merit relatively stable, can set up in view of the above and hit the mathematical model that real merit is transmitted downwards in the process of filling.
Appearances such as the table 4 control process of filling is hit real merit and is successively transmitted situation (kJ/m
3)
Definition is when filling certain layer material, corresponding to certain degree of depth h, acts on above the hitting real merit and fill the ratio that always hits real merit that this layer consume for being A with respect to the real merit compound action of hitting of this degree of depth coefficient of this degree of depth
hIn the time of h=30cm can being got by table 4 data, hit real merit function coefficient A
30=0.926, other A
60=0.961, A
90=0.985, A
120=0.997, h 〉=150 o'clock, A
h～1.Yi Zhi, A when h=0
0=0, when the degree of depth constantly increased to greater than certain critical value H, A trended towards 1.H is with to hit real intensity relevant with cast material character.A
hAlong with change in depth can be write as form (formula 2) as minor function.
A
h＝1-exp(-h
a)+c·h (2)
Wherein a is the constant relevant with material behavior, and c is the constant relevant with H, is determined by test.
For the material that this test is adopted,, try to achieve through over-fitting
A
h＝1-exp(-h
0.25)+0.000146h (3)
The enforcement of reverse controlling schemes and verification experimental verification
In model test 2, used the reverse controlling schemes of modelling that reduces with the degree of depth based on the unit dry weight that hits real merit compound action function, the design unit dry weight of test also is 1.93g/cm3.This test need be filled the thick cast material of 1.80m, calculates bed thickness and still gets 30cm, and (unit that fills unit dry weight is g/cm to intend asking every layer control to fill " virtual " unit dry weight
3).
Knownly fill this kind material and calculate bed thickness when being 30cm, always hitting the ratio that passes to down ground floor for sleeping in the real merit is 0.036, the ratio that passes to down the second layer for sleeping in is 0.024, and the ratio that passes to down the 3rd layer for sleeping in is 0.012, and the ratio that passes to down the 4th layer for sleeping in is 0.003.Can be by counter the rolling back of last unit weight uniform state, obtain filling the real merit of hitting that each layer consume, try to achieve control corresponding unit weight by Fig. 4 curve then, computation process is as shown in table 5 below, is up calculated by last column of table:
Table 5 is based on the virtual unit dry weight design schedule (kJ/m that hits real merit action function
3)
The unit dry weight that fills of each layer central point is fitted to curve such as Fig. 5, offer modelling.
In model test 2 demolishing process, our on-site sampling, sampling depth is the following 130cm in the face of land, recording original position dry density value is 1.926g/cm
3, with design unit weight 1.930g/cm
3It is little to compare deviation, and error is 0.2% only, and the method for designing that this modelling unit dry weight is described is feasible.
The modelling that equally also can be applied to fill other material based on the unit weight method for designing of hitting real merit action function, what need to obtain material hits real merit～unit dry weight curve, and rationally determines to hit a and c value in the real merit action function.
The explanation of his-and-hers watches 5: when filling ground floor (bottom), control compacting according to the virtual value of bulk density 1.899 of control that the first row rightmost side, one hurdle black matrix numeral in the table 5 provides, compacted thickness reaches 30cm, and the real merit of hitting that needs is 155.7kJ/m
3(make progress from bottom) when filling the second layer, control compacting according to the virtual value of bulk density 1.915 of control that the second row rightmost side, one column number word in the table 5 provides, compacted thickness reaches 30cm, and the real merit of hitting that needs is 161.1kJ/m
3The rest may be inferred, controls compacting up to layer 6 (top layer) according to the virtual value of bulk density 1.967 of control that the 6th row rightmost side one column number word in the table 5 provides, and compacted thickness reaches 30cm, and the real merit of hitting that needs is 181.6kJ/m
3Though seem that every layer of control unit weight when filling is not 1.930 of requirement because the transfer function that hits real merit on upper strata, can make each layer finally unit weight reach as far as possible that unification is about 1.930.
Claims (3)
1, a kind ofly it is characterized in that based on the geomechanics model method for making of hitting real merit compound action function reverse control principle making step is:
(1) determine hitting of particular model real merit compound action function and parameter thereof:
A, the type of determining ramming device, weight, the height that rises and falls, calculate hit at every turn real produce hit real merit, this hits real merit and adopts rammer weight to multiply by each natural height of fall to obtain unit K J;
B, determined that according to the similar guide of real material the cast material of proportioning makes test specimen to cast material, under 12%～14% water cut condition, the unit weight of determining the cast material test specimen with hit the relation curve of real merit;
C, determine the placement in layers compacting bed thickness and the number of plies of model, calculate the real merit of hitting of this layer according to standard unit weight compacting requirement, and to the transmission influence coefficient expression formula A of lower floor
h=1-exp (h
a)+ch, wherein, A
hHit real merit compound action transmission influence coefficient for this layer and the upper strata at degree of depth h place, be also referred to as and hit real merit compound action function; A is the constant relevant with material behavior, and c is the constant relevant with h;
D, determine that each layer fills and hit the compound action function A of real merit after compacting finishes with change in depth
h=1-exp (h
a)+ch;
(2) employing is filled reverse control method as drag:
A, basis are hit " virtual unit weight " controlling value of each layering of real merit compound action function calculation model, and the side's of filling amount;
B, carry out filling and compacting of each layer from bottom to top, the virtual value of bulk density of each layer control has rule from low to high, and each layer standard unit weight is 1.930g/cm
3Situation under, by bottom to the virtual value of bulk density of top layer at 1.899～1.967g/cm
3Change in the scope; Finally be made into each layer and all satisfy design model unit weight, the character homogeneous.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described compacting bed thickness is 20cm～30cm, the number of plies is 4～12 layers.
3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, when standard unit weight is below or above 1.930g/cm
3Numerical value, then also corresponding reduction of the scope of virtual value of bulk density or raising.
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| CN101950504B (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-10-19 | 山东大学 | Geomechanics model layering compaction air drying manufacturing and grooving embedding tester method |
| CN102444410B (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-10-30 | 山东大学 | Method for positioning and forming hidden and buried grotto in geomechanical model test |
| CN102663950A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-09-12 | 河海大学 | Manufacture method of large-scale geomechanical model |
| CN107014680A (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2017-08-04 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of determination method of solid filling body physical simulation material |
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