CN100568680C - Have the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently - Google Patents

Have the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100568680C
CN100568680C CNB2008100627845A CN200810062784A CN100568680C CN 100568680 C CN100568680 C CN 100568680C CN B2008100627845 A CNB2008100627845 A CN B2008100627845A CN 200810062784 A CN200810062784 A CN 200810062784A CN 100568680 C CN100568680 C CN 100568680C
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rotor
rotating machine
stator
electric rotating
adjustable speed
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CN101304206A (en
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王贵明
王金懿
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

A kind of have concurrently electronic, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions, described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is for becoming the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator and rotor, on the salient pole of stator excitation winding is installed, and with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form, simultaneously when realizing that electromagnetic braking makes winding continue energising, it is fixed to make, salient pole on the rotor circumference inhale mutually with electromagnetism and total polar arc back gauge after each polar arc addition of overlapping between 60 degree~200 degree, and each polar arc that overlaps is symmetrically distributed on circumference, and the described rotor with salient pole facewidth is greater than groove width.The invention provides a kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently.

Description

Have the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine.
Background technology
Electric automobile is a kind of vehicles of energy-saving and emission-reduction, has obtained the extensive attention of countries in the world at present, and is acknowledged as the following automobile of energy-saving and environmental protection.Electric automobile mainly is divided into fuel cell car FCV, hybrid vehicle HEV and pure electric automobile EV three major types.And any electric automobile all will come drive wheels to travel as actuator with motor in this three class.
The drive motors of electric automobile in the prior art adopts alternating current asynchronous or direct current machine usually, and it has function electronic, electrification feedback; But do not possess electro-magnetic braking functions; In addition, the direct current machine that the hub-type motor in electric bicycle adopts usually, it also only has the function of electronic or electrification feedback, does not also have the performance of electromagnetic braking.Good electromagnetic braking, can avoid adopting mechanical braking intrinsic heat fading and water fade phenomenon, improve the brake efficiency and the constancy thereof of automobile, promptly improve the security performance of automobile.
Summary of the invention
Do not have the deficiency of electro-magnetic braking functions in order to overcome existing adjustable speed electric rotating machine, the invention provides a kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of have concurrently electronic, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions, described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is for becoming the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator and rotor, on the salient pole of stator excitation winding is installed, and require with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form, for giving full play to the electromagnetic braking usefulness of motor, require is that it is fixed to make when realizing that electromagnetic braking makes winding continue energising, salient pole on the rotor circumference is inhaled mutually with electromagnetism and the polar arc back gauge that overlaps is big as far as possible.Its total polar arc back gauge is between 60 degree~200 degree after each polar arc addition that motor of the present invention requires to be overlapped, and each polar arc that overlaps is symmetrically distributed on circumference, the salient pole facewidth increases as far as possible on the electric machine structure even be reflected in, and the salient pole facewidth of reluctance motor is less than groove width usually.And the rotor with salient pole facewidth of the present invention is greater than groove width.And also need reduce the winding number of phases as far as possible, this can increase the salient pole facewidth, has also reduced the power switch components and parts number of driving governor, promptly helps reducing its cost.Therefore motor windings of the present invention only is 3 phases and 2 two kinds of structures, descriptions respectively below mutually:
Further: the stator salient poles facewidth of 3 phase reluctance motors is also greater than groove width, stator poles is greater than the rotor number of poles simultaneously, stator poles is 6 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles is 4 identical integral multiple, and require with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, promptly the polarity of the magnetic field that is produced after the energising is opposite, and each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form.
Or: the stator poles of 2 phase reluctance motors is less than the rotor number of poles, stator poles is 4 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles be 6 identical integral multiple (this need explanation in passing in the past the number of phases of this type of motor more than or equal to 3, the rotor number of poles is usually less than stator poles, and different structures has been proposed at this), for making motor just, the self-starting ability is all arranged in the other direction, the requirement rotor with salient pole is a permanent magnet, and with the arrangement of incorgruous polarity interval, also require simultaneously with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, promptly the polarity of the magnetic field that is produced after the energising is opposite, and each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form.
As preferred a kind of scheme: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the hub-type motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator outside.
Or: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Be coaxially connected with on the described rotor and the corresponding printing opacity code-disc of rotor with salient pole distributing position, be equipped with on stator and the corresponding photoelectric coupling switch of stator salient poles distributing position, described printing opacity code-disc cooperates with described photoelectric coupling switch.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: by to current (direct current, interchange, change magnetic resistance, the stepping etc.) structural principle of all kinds of bunchers and the analysis of characteristic, comparison reasoning, the present invention has adopted the basic structure form that becomes the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine.And, repeatedly improving design by making motor model, simulated trial operation repeatedly particularly by rationally arranging the space layout of motor biconvex utmost point tooth and relative width and its winding of groove, improves and takes into account the desired multinomial performance of its motor.
The structural principle of this motor, at first need use the basic representation that becomes magnetic resistance (the biconvex utmost point) electromagnetic torque that motor produces:
T em = 1 2 ∂ L ( θ ) ∂ θ i 2 - - - ( 1 - 1 )
It shows the transient electromagnetic torque T that such motor produces EmBe proportional to inductance L to the derivative of its rotational angle theta and current i square.If inductance L is when increasing along with the increase of rotational angle theta, winding feeds electromagnetic torque that electric current produced for just, and promptly electromagnetic torque is a driven nature, and motor runs on electric motor state; If inductance L is when reducing along with the increase of rotational angle theta, flow through electric current in the winding and then produce negative electromagnetic torque, promptly electromagnetic torque is a braking, motor runs on the generator state.
Utilize above-mentioned variable reluctance motor operation logic can illustrate to the improved basic ideas of motor:
Inductance L is to the derivative of its rotational angle theta as can be known according to electromagnetic torque formula (1-1), and promptly magnetic conductance (inductance) rate of change is big more, its electromagnetic torque T EmBig more.Be reflected in electric machine structure just motor salient pole slot pitch (Δ θ) reduce to help improving output electromagnetic torque T EmSo from a structural point, can suitably reduce slot pitch, thereby increasing the salient pole facewidth (needs to illustrate that in passing the salient pole facewidth of this type of motor was generally less than its groove width in the past at this, and be purpose to do one's utmost the increasing salient pole facewidth at this), and the increase of the salient pole facewidth also just in time can increase its electromagnetic braking moment when the motor used as braking.Also increased the salient pole facewidth simultaneously by managing to reduce the winding number of phases.
Consider simultaneously noise and vibration that the torque ripple when reducing motor low speed causes again, need manage to reduce the rotor pole elongation by increasing number of poles, and require with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, promptly the polarity of the magnetic field that is produced after the energising is opposite, and each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form.
In a word, the performance of, braking two functions electronic in order to take into account, the design principle of motor is: increase the salient pole facewidth and improve its electromagnetic braking moment by reducing the number of phases, reduce torque ripple when electronic by increasing number of poles, promptly reduce step angle.In addition, also can adopt and change the operation umber of beats or adopt the mode of sub-driver circuit to manage to reduce step angle as stepping motor.Can adopt single triple time, two triple time and six to clap multiple operational mode as this motor model 1 (as shown in Figure 1), its step angle six is clapped and is just lacked half than triple time.And motor model 2 (as shown in Figure 2) can adopt single four bats, two four to clap and the multiple operational mode of eight bats, and its step angle eight is clapped also to clap than four and lacked half.
For satisfying the speed governing requirement of electric automobile, under the motorized motions running state of wheels, must adopt current chopping control (CCC) during low speed to obtain speed regulation by constant torque control to motor; Must adopt angle position control (APC) during high speed or claim the pulse trigger mode, to realize constant-power speed regulation control.
Owing to during the operation of this motor, need change the operational mode of motor at any time, it is run under electronic, electrification feedback or any state of electromagnetic braking according to the actual condition of automobilism.For this reason,, need to be equipped with the rotational angle theta position detecting device, can adopt near various forms such as switching regulator, Mageneto-sensitive type, photoelectric types according to the variable reluctance motor operation logic.Be raising antijamming capability, available photoelectric type: promptly do a code-disc, be connected, and on the internal stator relevant position, be equipped with some at this to photoelectric coupling switch with external rotor is coaxial by the distributing position of external rotor salient pole.Certainly also can utilize motor windings inductance this characteristic, by measuring the position that non-conduction winding inductance comes infer rotor with the rotor-position variation.But the rotational angle theta position detecting device detects by timing computing also double as speed and uses.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: 1, have electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently; 2, cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of adjustable speed electric rotating machine.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine.
Embodiment
1,2 couples of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently, described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is for becoming the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator 2 and rotor 1, the salient pole facewidth of stator 2, rotor 1 is all greater than groove width, described stator poles is greater than the rotor number of poles, and stator poles is 6 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles is 4 identical integral multiple.The multiple of motor model is 2 in the accompanying drawing 1, is three-phase 12/8 pole reluctance motor.For reducing the torque ripple when electronic, need reduce step angle by increasing number of poles, it is 3,4,5 that its multiple can increase.And require with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, promptly the polarity of the magnetic field that produced of energising back is opposite, each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form.
The external rotor salient pole tooth pitch of motor model is 26 degree in the accompanying drawing 1, and slot pitch is 19 degree; The salient pole tooth pitch of its internal stator is 18 degree, and slot pitch is 12 degree.
Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the hub-type motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator outside, external rotor 1, internal stator 2, A phase winding 3, B phase winding 4, C phase winding 5 among Fig. 1.
Or: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine also comprises the angle position checkout gear.Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine also comprises current chopping control circuit and angle position control circuit or claims single shot trigger.
Principle when the motor of present embodiment operates in the motorized motions function and process:
Adopt the simplest single triple time operational mode to describe its course of work for ease of explanation: when certain phase winding energising excitation, the magnetic field force that is produced makes every effort to make the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance to reduce, be that the magnetic line of force is tried hard to by the minimum approach of magnetic resistance, rotor will be subjected to the reluctance torque effect, make rotor the salient pole tooth with this mutually the tooth on the magnetic pole of the stator coincide.When this process when finishing, cut off former excitation phase current in good time, and give next phase excitation of stator in the same manner, then will begin second on all four mechanism.For this reason, motor needs to detect by the rotational angle theta position detecting device relative position of stator and rotor.If with stator and rotor present position in the accompanying drawing is starting point, to switch in proper order by A → B → C → A in turn successively, external rotor will be constantly by counterclockwise rotating; If press the order energising of A → C → B → A, motor will rotate by clockwise direction.The step mode of two triple times is: AB → BC → CA → AB; And six step modes of clapping are: A → AB → B → BC → C → CA → A.Each cycle period rotor all turns over 45 degree, and promptly the step angle of triple time is the 45/3=15 degree, and six step angles of clapping are the 45/6=7.5 degree, just lacks half than triple time so step angle six is clapped.
Principle when motor operates in the electrification feedback function and process:
When electric automobile needs reduction of speed or descending operation, can utilize kinetic energy inertia to realize the electrification feedback braking.According to aforementioned analysis to the electromagnetic torque basic representation as can be known, when inductance L reduces (the groove trend winding salient pole that is external rotor) along with the increase of rotational angle theta, flow through electric current in the winding and then produce negative electromagnetic torque, promptly electromagnetic torque is a braking, and motor runs on the generator state.When the groove that detects external rotor trends towards a certain winding salient pole, connect this phase winding circuit by the rotational angle theta position detecting device at once, and during near this winding salient pole, just cut off this phase winding circuit at next salient pole of rotor.Can charge a battery with impulse form so repeatedly.
Principle when motor operates in electro-magnetic braking functions and process:
When electric automobile needs braking to halt behind reduction of speed, can keep certain two phase winding to continue energising, position as shown in drawings, the rotor relative position that is the electromagnetic braking of A, the lasting energising of C two phase windings back generation and keeps, symmetry four limits of motor circumference all have two pairs of salient pole teeth to be held by electromagnetic force as seen from the figure, and its total polar arc back gauge can reach 116 degree after each the polar arc addition that is overlapped.As when motor because kinetic energy inertia when big, need utilize the detection of rotational angle theta position, and employing brakes the method that combines with electrification feedback and carries out repeatedly, till the position probing no change of rotational angle theta promptly stops.
In addition, the parameter as motor model is: external rotor salient pole tooth pitch is 35 degree, and slot pitch is 10 degree; The salient pole tooth pitch of its internal stator is 20 degree, and slot pitch is 10 degree.A, B, C three phase windings continue the electromagnetic braking that produces after the energising and the rotor relative position that keeps, and its total polar arc back gauge can reach 200 degree after each the polar arc addition that is overlapped.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently, described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is for becoming the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator 2 and rotor 1, and the salient pole facewidth of rotor 1 is greater than groove width, and described stator poles is less than the rotor number of poles, stator poles is 4 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles is 6 identical integral multiple, and the multiple of motor model is 2 in the accompanying drawing 2, is two-phase 8/12 pole reluctance motor.For reducing the torque ripple when electronic, need reduce step angle by increasing number of poles, it is 3,4,5 that its multiple can increase.For making motor in positive and negative direction the self-starting ability be arranged all, requiring rotor with salient pole is permanent magnet, and arranges with incorgruous polarity interval.Also require simultaneously with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, promptly the polarity of the magnetic field that produced of energising back is opposite, each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form.
The tooth pitch of the external rotor permanent magnet body salient pole 5 of motor model is 20 degree in the accompanying drawing 2, and slot pitch is 10 degree; The salient pole tooth pitch of its internal stator is 22 degree, and slot pitch is 23 degree.
Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the hub-type motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator outside, external rotor 1, internal stator 2, A phase winding 3, B phase winding 4, permanent magnet salient pole 5 among Fig. 2.
Or: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine also comprises the angle position checkout gear.Described adjustable speed electric rotating machine also comprises current chopping control circuit and angle position control circuit or claims single shot trigger.
Principle when the motor of present embodiment operates in the motorized motions function and process:
Adopt the simplest list four beat running modes to describe its course of work for ease of explanation: to decide when motor detects by the rotational angle theta position detecting device, during the relative position of rotor, if with fixed in the accompanying drawing 2, the rotor present position is a starting point, the A phase winding is fed forward current, internal stator A phase salient pole by magnetic direction that screw law produced just in time with consistent shown in the accompanying drawing, by the same sex repel each other (thrust), (pulling force) principle that there is a natural attraction between the sexes or under the reluctance torque effect, external rotor is to turning over the 60/4=15 degree clockwise, and promptly the center of rotor permanent magnet salient pole overlaps at the stator salient poles center mutually with excitation A.When this process when finishing, cut off former excitation A phase current in good time, the B phase winding is fed reverse current, the polarity of the magnetic field that B phase salient pole is produced opposite with direction shown in the accompanying drawing (being that the N utmost point and the S utmost point are exchanged each other), in like manner under the reluctance torque effect, external rotor is to continuing to turn over 15 degree clockwise, and promptly the center of rotor permanent magnet salient pole overlaps at the stator salient poles center mutually with excitation B.In like manner successively with A → (B) → (A) → B → A mode switches on, external rotor turns clockwise; Otherwise, if with (A) → (and B) → A → B → (A) mode is switched on, and then external rotor is rotated counterclockwise.
This motor also can adopt two four bats or eight bat modes to move.Two four step modes of clapping are: AB → A (B) → (A) (B) → (A) B → AB →.And eight step modes of clapping are: A → AB → B → B (A) → (A) → (A) (B) → (B) → (B) A → A →.Step angle reduces half during its eight beat running, is the 60/8=7.5 degree.
Principle when motor operates in the electrification feedback function and process:
When electric automobile needs reduction of speed or descending operation, can utilize kinetic energy inertia to realize the electrification feedback braking.According to aforementioned analysis to the electromagnetic torque basic representation as can be known, when inductance L reduces (the groove trend winding salient pole that is external rotor) along with the increase of rotational angle theta, flow through electric current in the winding and then produce negative electromagnetic torque, promptly electromagnetic torque is a braking, and motor runs on the generator state.When the groove that detects external rotor trends towards a certain winding salient pole, connect this phase winding circuit by the rotational angle theta position detecting device at once, and during near this winding salient pole, just cut off this phase winding circuit at next salient pole of rotor.Can charge a battery with impulse form so repeatedly.At this, improve generating efficiency as desire, can suitably increase the recess width of motor, for example the parameter of motor model is: the tooth pitch of external rotor permanent magnet body salient pole 5 is 15 degree, slot pitch is 15 degree; The salient pole tooth pitch of its internal stator is 17 degree, and slot pitch is 28 degree.Just so-so owing to reduce the salient pole width, also promptly reduced electromagnetic braking moment, when implementing following electro-magnetic braking functions, when the B phase winding continues the electromagnetic braking that the energising back produces and the rotor relative position that keeps, its total polar arc back gauge only is 60 to spend after each the polar arc addition that is overlapped.。
Principle when motor operates in electro-magnetic braking functions and process:
When electric automobile needs braking to halt behind reduction of speed, can keep a certain phase winding to continue energising, position as shown in drawings, be the B phase winding and continue the electromagnetic braking that produces after the energising and the rotor relative position that keeps, symmetry four limits of motor circumference all have a pair of salient pole to be held by electromagnetic force as seen from the figure, and its total polar arc back gauge can reach 80 degree after each the polar arc addition that is overlapped.As when motor because kinetic energy inertia when big, need utilize the detection of rotational angle theta position, and employing brakes the method that combines with electrification feedback and carries out repeatedly, till the position probing no change of rotational angle theta promptly stops.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of have concurrently electronic, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions, it is characterized in that: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is for becoming the magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator and rotor, on the salient pole of stator excitation winding is installed, and with phase winding on its adjacent salient pole around on the contrary, each winding of extremely going up connects with the series connection form, simultaneously when realizing that electromagnetic braking makes winding continue energising, fixed, salient pole on the rotor circumference inhale mutually with electromagnetism and total polar arc back gauge after each polar arc addition of overlapping between 60 degree~200 degree, and each polar arc that overlaps is symmetrically distributed on circumference, and the described rotor with salient pole facewidth is greater than the rotor with salient pole groove width.
2, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is 3 phase reluctance motors, and the stator salient poles facewidth is also greater than the stator salient poles groove width, stator poles is greater than the rotor number of poles simultaneously, stator poles is 6 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles is 4 identical integral multiple.
3, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is 2 phase reluctance motors, and stator poles is less than the rotor number of poles, stator poles is 4 integral multiple, and the rotor number of poles is 6 identical integral multiple, rotor with salient pole is a permanent magnet simultaneously, and arranges with incorgruous polarity interval.
4, as the described adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently of one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the hub-type motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator outside.
5, as the described adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently of one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described adjustable speed electric rotating machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
6, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: be coaxially connected with on the described rotor and the corresponding printing opacity code-disc of rotor with salient pole distributing position, be equipped with on stator and the corresponding photoelectric coupling switch of stator salient poles distributing position, described printing opacity code-disc cooperates with described photoelectric coupling switch.
7, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine that has electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: be coaxially connected with on the described rotor and the corresponding printing opacity code-disc of rotor with salient pole distributing position, be equipped with on stator and the corresponding photoelectric coupling switch of stator salient poles distributing position, described printing opacity code-disc cooperates with described photoelectric coupling switch.
CNB2008100627845A 2008-07-03 2008-07-03 Have the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electronic, electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions concurrently Expired - Fee Related CN100568680C (en)

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